Compact nut cap-attaching apparatus

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of automatic assembly technology, and particularly relates to a compact nut automatic cap wearing equipment. The equipment comprises a tool lifting system, a tool horizontal feeding system, an indexing positioning system, a cap wearing hub system and a semi-automatic feeding system. The tool horizontal feeding system is arranged on the upper part of the tool lifting system, the indexing positioning system is arranged on the lower part of the tool lifting system, the cap wearing hub system is arranged below the indexing positioning system and connected with the tool horizontal feeding system, and the semi-automatic feeding system is arranged on the cap wearing hub system and used for completing semi-automatic cap wearing feeding. The tool lifting system is used for completing lifting movement of the cap wearing hub system, the tool horizontal feeding system is used for completing horizontal feeding of the cap wearing hub system, the indexing positioning system is used for completing 360° rotation indexing of the cap wearing hub system, and the cap wearing hub system is used for completing cap wearing power closed-loop output. The cap wearing equipment has good cap wearing quality consistency, high cap wearing precision and high cap wearing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automated assembly technology, and specifically relates to a compact space automatic nut capping device. Background Technology

[0002] In the core of an aero-engine, the high-pressure rotor is mainly composed of a high-pressure compressor rotor and a high-pressure turbine rotor. The multi-stage discs of the high-pressure compressor rotor are fastened by dozens of threaded fasteners evenly distributed along the axial direction, thus assembling the main structure of the high-pressure rotor. For some models, the nuts in the threaded fasteners are rear-mounted nut with a toothed disc, located on the rear side of the toothed disc, with the contact end facing the rear mounting edge of the high-pressure turbine rotor. The connecting bolts are special D-bolts with axial limiting and angular locking functions. As the high-pressure rotor is the core power component of the aero-engine, it operates under high temperature and high pressure external load conditions, with its speed reaching up to 18,000 rpm and bearing axial loads of 30-40 tons. The connection between the high-pressure compressor rotor and the high-pressure turbine rotor is a critical and vulnerable location, and the quality of the nut on the threaded fasteners is an important factor affecting assembly performance and the overall reliability of the engine.

[0003] In the high-pressure rotor assembly process, the main assembly processes such as bolt pre-installation, component docking, and fastening are completed in sequence. For the fastening process, nuts need to be installed and capped inside the high-pressure rotor. The space occupied by capping inside the high-pressure rotor varies depending on the engine model, but all have the characteristics of narrow and long spatial layout. The axial depth distance of the nut relative to the rear shaft port of the high-pressure turbine rotor is 600-800mm, the inner diameter of the channel of the rear shaft of the high-pressure turbine rotor is φ90-150mm, and the diameter of the nut distribution is φ200-400mm. The capping mechanism has difficulties such as long feed channel, small capping space and multi-area interference. At present, the domestic main method is to use a long and thin capping tool to penetrate, deflect and cap. The process relies heavily on manual operation. There are no successful application cases of automated dedicated capping equipment. The following shortcomings exist: (1) Poor assembly quality consistency: The method of manually operating mechanical tooling to place the nuts has problems such as nut installation offset and tilt, which cannot guarantee the consistency of capping of each nut; the current application devices are mostly (1) Slender rod-shaped structure with low overall stiffness and poor anti-torsion effect, which leads to deformation of the device under load during the capping process and affects the capping quality; (2) Low assembly accuracy: The current application device mainly uses manual torque tool or external torque system as the capping power input. Closed-loop detection cannot be achieved during the capping process. The actual torque and screwing angle of the nut deviate greatly from the measurement value of the sensor at the far end, and there are random errors that are difficult to compensate for, so it is impossible to guarantee the accuracy of the nut capping torque and rotation angle; (3) Low assembly efficiency: The existing method requires placing the capping equipment inside the engine and then using a field screw to send a nut into the sleeve. This process is difficult to put in and easy to fall off. Once the nut falls into the engine, the engine needs to be completely disassembled. Otherwise, there will be a huge safety hazard when the engine is tested; After the material is loaded, the capping equipment is unfolded manually and the nails are repeatedly aligned manually. The operation is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a compact space automatic nut capping device. This device has good capping quality consistency, high capping accuracy, and high capping efficiency, and is used for capping the rear nuts of the high-pressure rotor grate disc of aero engines.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] This invention provides a compact, spatially integrated automatic nut-capping device, comprising a tooling lifting system, a tooling horizontal feed system, an indexing and positioning system, a nut-capping central system, and a semi-automatic feeding system. The tooling horizontal feed system is located above the tooling lifting system, the indexing and positioning system is located below the tooling lifting system, and the nut-capping central system is located below the indexing and positioning system and connected to the tooling horizontal feed system. The semi-automatic feeding system is located on the nut-capping central system and is used to complete the semi-automatic nut-capping feeding. The tooling lifting system is used to complete the lifting and lowering movement of the nut-capping central system, the tooling horizontal feed system is used to complete the horizontal feed of the nut-capping central system, the indexing and positioning system is used to complete the 360° rotation indexing of the nut-capping central system, and the nut-capping central system is used to complete the closed-loop power output for nut capping.

[0007] The tooling lifting system includes a lifting system drive cylinder, a lifting slide upper plate, a lifting slide guide assembly, and a lifting slide plate. The lifting slide upper plate is located above the indexing and positioning system and is connected to the indexing and positioning system through the lifting slide guide assembly. The lifting slide plate is slidably connected to the lifting slide guide assembly. The lifting system drive cylinder is located on the lifting slide plate, and its output end is connected to the lifting slide upper plate. The lifting system drive cylinder provides driving force for the lifting and lowering of the lifting slide plate, and the lifting slide guide assembly provides guidance for the lifting and lowering of the lifting slide plate.

[0008] The tooling horizontal feed system includes a translation feed drive motor, a translation drive pinion, a translation drive rack, a ball guide rail slider mechanism, and a translation feed slide plate. The translation drive rack and the ball guide rail slider mechanism are arranged parallel to each other on the lifting slide plate. The translation feed slide plate is connected to the ball guide rail slider mechanism. The translation feed drive motor is mounted on the translation feed slide plate, and its output end is connected to the translation drive pinion. The translation drive pinion meshes with the translation drive rack.

[0009] The indexing and positioning system includes an indexing turntable, an indexing and positioning drive motor, an indexing drive pinion, an indexing fixed gear, a bearing housing assembly, and a tooling base plate. The indexing turntable is positioned above the tooling base plate and is rotatably connected to it via the bearing housing assembly. The indexing fixed gear is coaxially fixed to the outside of the bearing housing assembly. The indexing and positioning drive motor is mounted on the indexing turntable and its output end is connected to the indexing drive pinion. The indexing drive pinion meshes with the indexing fixed gear, and the indexing and positioning drive motor drives the indexing drive pinion to rotate. Simultaneously, the indexing drive pinion revolves around the indexing fixed gear, thereby causing the indexing turntable to rotate.

[0010] The indexing turntable is connected to the lifting slide guide assembly. The indexing turntable is provided with a lifting limit block, which is used to limit the descent of the lifting slide.

[0011] The capping central system includes a folding and flipping transmission mechanism, a capping mandrel, a built-in power source assembly, a capping sleeve, a protective sleeve, and a capping gearbox. The upper end of the capping mandrel is connected to the tooling horizontal feed system, and the lower end of the capping mandrel is hinged to the capping gearbox. The capping gearbox contains a built-in power source assembly, and the output end of the built-in power source assembly is connected to the capping sleeve through a sleeve floating mechanism. The folding and flipping transmission mechanism is set on the tooling horizontal feed system and connected to the capping gearbox. The folding and flipping transmission mechanism is used to drive the capping gearbox to fold and flip. The protective sleeve is set on the outside of the capping mandrel, and its upper end is connected to the indexing and positioning system.

[0012] The folding and flipping transmission mechanism includes a folding and flipping drive electric cylinder, a capping central long connecting rod, and a capping central short connecting rod. The folding and flipping drive electric cylinder is mounted on the tooling horizontal feed system, and its output end is connected to the upper end of the capping central long connecting rod. The lower end of the capping central long connecting rod is hinged to the capping gearbox through the capping central short connecting rod.

[0013] The built-in power source assembly includes a tightening motor, bevel gear I, and bevel gear II; the sleeve floating mechanism includes a copper sleeve and a spring; wherein the output end of the tightening motor is connected to bevel gear I, bevel gear II meshes with bevel gear I and is sleeved on one end of the capped sleeve, the copper sleeve and the spring are both sleeved on the capped sleeve, and the two ends of the spring abut against the stop of the capped sleeve and the copper sleeve, respectively.

[0014] The semi-automatic feeding system includes a feeding docking block, a feeding rotating shaft, a feeding support cylinder, a feeding positioning block, a feeding end slide, a feeding nut slider, a linkage mechanism, a feeding nut pusher, and a blocking nut spring. The feeding rotating shaft passes through the feeding support cylinder and is rotatable. One end of the feeding rotating shaft is threadedly connected to the feeding nut slider. One end of the feeding end slide is connected to one end of the feeding support cylinder, and the other end is provided with a nut mounting shaft. The nut mounting shaft is slidably connected to the feeding nut pusher, and the end of the nut mounting shaft is provided with a blocking nut spring to prevent the nut from falling off. The two sides of the feeding nut slider are respectively hinged to the feeding nut pusher through two sets of linkage mechanisms. The feeding positioning block is set on the feeding support cylinder, and the feeding docking block is set on the capping central system for positioning and connecting with the feeding positioning block.

[0015] The linkage mechanism includes two connecting rods that are hinged to each other, and the ends of the two connecting rods are respectively hinged to the feed nut slider and the feed nut pusher.

[0016] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a compact space automatic nut capping device with good assembly quality consistency, high overall rigidity, good anti-torsion effect, and the device will not deform under load during the capping process, thus improving the capping quality.

[0017] The present invention provides a compact space automatic nut capping device with high assembly accuracy and closed-loop detection during the capping process. The actual torque and screw-in angle of the nut have small deviations from the values ​​measured by the sensor at the near end, ensuring the accuracy of the nut capping torque and rotation angle.

[0018] The present invention provides a compact space automatic nut capping device, which has high assembly efficiency, saves time and labor, and improves work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of a compact spatial nut automatic capping device according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tooling lifting system and the tooling horizontal feeding system in this invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a compact spatial automatic nut-capping device according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the capped central nervous system in this invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the capped gearbox in this invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the semi-automatic feeding system in this invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a sectional view of the semi-automatic feeding system in this invention;

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Tooling lifting system; 2. Tooling horizontal feed system; 3. Indexing and positioning system; 4. General-purpose lifting fixture; 5. Capping central system; 6. Semi-automatic loading system; 7. Lifting system drive cylinder; 8. Lifting slide upper plate; 9. Lifting slide guide assembly; 10. Lifting slide plate; 11. Indexing rotary table plate; 12. Translation feed drive motor; 13. Translation drive pinion; 14. Translation drive rack; 15. Ball bearing guide slider mechanism; 16. Translation feed slide plate; 17. Lifting limit block; 18. Indexing and positioning drive motor; 19. Indexing drive pinion; 20. Indexing fixed large gear; 21. Bearing housing assembly. 22. Tooling base plate; 23. Folding and flipping drive cylinder; 24. Capped central long connecting rod; 25. Capped spindle; 26. Capped central short connecting rod; 27. Built-in power source assembly; 27-1. Bevel gear I; 27-2. Bevel gear II; 28. Capped sleeve; 29. ​​Sleeve floating mechanism; 29-1. Copper sleeve; 29-2. Spring; 30. Protective cylinder; 31. Feeding docking block; 32. Feeding rotating shaft; 33. Feeding support cylinder; 34. Feeding positioning block; 35. Feeding end slide; 36. Feeding nut slider; 37. Linkage mechanism; 38. Feeding nut pusher; 39. Blocking nut spring; 40. Capped gearbox. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a compact space automatic nut capping device, including a tooling lifting system 1, a tooling horizontal feed system 2, an indexing and positioning system 3, a nut capping central system 5, and a semi-automatic feeding system 6. The tooling horizontal feed system 2 is located above the tooling lifting system 1, the indexing and positioning system 3 is located below the tooling lifting system 1, the nut capping central system 5 is located below the indexing and positioning system 3 and connected to the tooling horizontal feed system 2, and the semi-automatic feeding system 6 is located on the nut capping central system 5 to complete the semi-automatic nut capping feeding. The tooling lifting system 1 is used to complete the lifting and lowering movement of the nut capping central system 5, the tooling horizontal feed system 2 is used to complete the horizontal feed of the nut capping central system 5, the indexing and positioning system 3 is used to complete the 360° rotation indexing of the nut capping central system 5, and the nut capping central system 5 is used to complete the closed-loop output of the nut capping power.

[0029] like Figure 2As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the tooling lifting system 1 includes a lifting system drive cylinder 7, a lifting slide upper plate 8, a lifting slide guide assembly 9, and a lifting slide plate 10. The lifting slide upper plate 8 is disposed above the indexing and positioning system 3 and is connected to the indexing and positioning system 3 through the lifting slide guide assembly 9. The lifting slide plate 10 is slidably connected to the lifting slide guide assembly 9. The lifting system drive cylinder 7 is disposed on the lifting slide plate 10 and its output end is connected to the lifting slide upper plate 8. The lifting system drive cylinder 7 provides driving force for the lifting of the lifting slide plate 10, and the lifting slide guide assembly 9 provides guidance for the lifting of the lifting slide plate 10.

[0030] Specifically, the lifting slide guide assembly 9 consists of a light shaft, a light shaft support, and a linear bearing. The linear bearing is mounted on the lifting slide plate 10, and the light shaft support is mounted on both the lifting slide plate 10 and the rotating platform of the indexing and positioning system 3. When the cylinder rod of the lifting system drive cylinder 7 pushes forward, the lifting slide plate 10 moves up and down along the light shaft along with the cylinder body. The tooling lifting system 1 has a built-in descent limit switch to prevent the lifting slide plate 10 from accidentally falling and damaging the engine and tooling.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the tooling horizontal feed system 2 includes a translational feed drive motor 12, a translational drive pinion 13, a translational drive rack 14, a ball guide slider mechanism 15, and a translational feed slide plate 16. The translational drive rack 14 and the ball guide slider mechanism 15 are arranged parallel to each other on the lifting slide plate 10. The translational feed slide plate 16 is connected to the ball guide slider mechanism 15. The translational feed drive motor 12 is mounted on the translational feed slide plate 16, and its output end is connected to the translational drive pinion 13. The translational drive pinion 13 meshes with the translational drive rack 14. The translational feed drive motor 12 drives the translational drive pinion 13 to rotate, thereby causing the translational feed slide plate 16 to move horizontally along the ball guide slider mechanism 15.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the indexing positioning system 3 includes an indexing turntable 11, an indexing positioning drive motor 18, an indexing drive pinion 19, an indexing fixed gear 20, a bearing housing assembly 21, and a tooling base plate 22. The indexing turntable 11 is disposed above the tooling base plate 22 and is rotatably connected to the tooling base plate 22 via the bearing housing assembly 21. The indexing fixed gear 20 is coaxially fixed to the outside of the bearing housing assembly 21. The indexing positioning drive motor 18 is disposed on the indexing turntable 11, and its output end is connected to the indexing drive pinion 19. The indexing drive pinion 19 meshes with the indexing fixed gear 20. The indexing positioning drive motor 18 drives the indexing drive pinion 19 to rotate, and at the same time, the indexing drive pinion 19 revolves around the indexing fixed gear 20, thereby driving the indexing turntable 11 to achieve 360° indexing rotation.

[0033] Furthermore, the indexing turntable 11 is connected to the lifting slide guide assembly 9, and the indexing turntable 11 is provided with a lifting limit block 17, which is used to limit the descent of the lifting slide 10.

[0034] Furthermore, universal lifting devices 4 are provided on both sides of the tooling base plate 22. Specifically, the universal lifting device 4 is a U-shaped square beam with a waist-shaped slot. The tooling base 22 is connected to the U-shaped square beam by bolts, and the lifting center of gravity can be adjusted along the direction of the slot, which can adapt to the capping equipment with different center of gravity positions. Therefore, it has a certain range of versatility. The end of the U-shaped square beam is provided with an M8 threaded hole, which can be used to easily install a rotating lifting ring.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the capping central system 5 includes a folding and flipping transmission mechanism, a capping mandrel 25, a built-in power source assembly 27, a capping sleeve 28, a protective cylinder 30, and a capping gearbox 40. The upper end of the capping mandrel 25 is connected to the translational feed slide plate 16 of the tooling horizontal feed system 2, and the lower end of the capping mandrel 25 is hinged to the capping gearbox 40. The capping gearbox 40 is provided with a built-in power source assembly 27, and the output end of the built-in power source assembly 27 is connected to the capping sleeve 28 through a sleeve floating mechanism 29. The folding and flipping transmission mechanism is disposed on the translational feed slide plate 16 of the tooling horizontal feed system 2 and is connected to the capping gearbox 40. The folding and flipping transmission mechanism is used to drive the capping gearbox 40 to fold and flip. The protective cylinder 30 is disposed on the outside of the capping mandrel 25, and its upper end is connected to the indexing turntable plate 11 of the indexing positioning system 3.

[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the folding and flipping transmission mechanism includes a folding and flipping drive electric cylinder 23, a capping central long connecting rod 24, and a capping central short connecting rod 26. The folding and flipping drive electric cylinder 23 is mounted on the translational feed slide plate 16 of the tooling horizontal feed system 2, and its output end is connected to the upper end of the capping central long connecting rod 24. The lower end of the capping central long connecting rod 24 is hinged to the capping gearbox 40 through the capping central short connecting rod 26.

[0037] like Figure 5As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the built-in power source assembly 27 includes a tightening motor, bevel gear I 27-1, and bevel gear II 27-2; the sleeve floating mechanism 29 includes a copper sleeve 29-1 and a spring 29-2; wherein the output end of the tightening motor is connected to bevel gear I 27-1, bevel gear II 27-2 meshes with bevel gear I 27-1 and is sleeved on one end of the capped sleeve 28, the copper sleeve 29-1 and the spring 29-2 are both sleeved on the capped sleeve 28, and the two ends of the spring 29-2 abut against the stop of the capped sleeve 28 and the copper sleeve 29-1, respectively. The capped sleeve 28 can move axially within the compression range of the spring 29-2, therefore the capped sleeve 28 has a floating function.

[0038] Furthermore, the capping gearbox 40 incorporates a miniature torque sensor within its built-in power motor. When capping is required, the capping spindle 25 is lowered under the control of the lifting slide plate 10. Simultaneously, the folding and flipping drive cylinder 23 pulls the capping central long connecting rod 24, which in turn drives the capping central short connecting rod 26 to rise, pulling the capping gearbox 40 to rotate around its hinge point with the capping spindle 25 until the capping gearbox 40 is leveled. Then, the tooling horizontal feed system 2 drives the capping spindle 25 to move horizontally, and the capping gearbox 40 completes the nail-finding action after translation. When the capping motor outputs torque, the capping sleeve 28 passively outputs torque to perform the capping operation, with the torque and angle output by the motor detected by the built-in torque and angle sensors.

[0039] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the semi-automatic feeding system 6 includes a feeding docking block 31, a feeding rotating shaft 32, a feeding support cylinder 33, a feeding positioning block 34, a feeding end slide 35, a feeding nut slider 36, a linkage mechanism 37, a feeding nut pusher 38, and a blocking nut spring 39. The feeding rotating shaft 32 passes through the feeding support cylinder 33 and is rotatable. One end of the feeding rotating shaft 32 is threadedly connected to the feeding nut slider 36, and one end of the feeding end slide 35 is threadedly connected to... One end of the feeding support cylinder 33 is provided with a nut mounting shaft at the other end. The nut mounting shaft is slidably connected to the feeding nut push head 38, and the end of the nut mounting shaft is provided with a blocking nut spring 39 to prevent the nut from falling off. The two sides of the feeding nut slider 36 are respectively hinged to the feeding nut push head 38 through two sets of linkage mechanisms 37. The feeding positioning block 34 is set on the feeding support cylinder 33, and the feeding docking block 31 is set on the capping central system 5 for positioning connection with the feeding positioning block 34.

[0040] Specifically, the linkage mechanism 37 includes two links hinged to each other, the ends of which are respectively hinged to the feed nut slider 36 and the feed nut pusher 38. The linkage mechanism 37 can slide along the two flanges of the feed end slide 35.

[0041] When a nut needs to be installed, the nut is first manually inserted into the feeding end slide 35. The nut-blocking spring 39 prevents the nut from falling off. Then, the semi-automatic feeding system 6 is placed into the equipment and moves down along the protective cylinder 30. After the feeding positioning block 34 aligns with the feeding docking block 31 on the inner wall of the protective cylinder 30, the feeding fixture is in place. Then, the feeding rotating shaft 32 is manually rotated. At this time, the feeding nut slider 36 moves down, squeezing the connecting rod mechanism 37, and simultaneously pushing the feeding nut pusher 38 forward, pushing out the nut inserted into the feeding end slide 35 and releasing the nut-blocking spring 39. Figure 4 As shown, the capped gearbox 40 is in a vertical position at this time, and the capped sleeve 28 is coaxial with the feeding nut pusher 38. Therefore, the feeding nut pusher 38 pushes the nut into the capped sleeve 28.

[0042] In this invention, all drive motors, electric cylinders, and pneumatic cylinders are controlled by a CNC system. The electric cylinders and motors are controlled by built-in encoders, while the pneumatic cylinders are controlled by external magnetic switches to complete closed-loop position detection.

[0043] This invention provides a compact, space-efficient automatic nut-capping device, which connects to the rear shaft port of an engine via an adapter to complete the nut-capping operation of the high-pressure rotor gear plate of an aero-engine, comprising the following steps:

[0044] Return all electrical components to their initial positions: move the lifting slide 10 to the high zero position, move the translational feed slide 16 to the retraction zero position, rotate the indexing positioning system 3 to the 0° position, install the nut in the semi-automatic feeding system 3, and push the folding and flipping drive cylinder 23 forward to the zero position, ensuring that the capped gearbox 40 is located at an angle of 180° with the axis of the capped spindle 25. All zero points are detected by the absolute encoder of the motor and the magnetic switch of the cylinder. Only after all zero points are indeed returned to zero can the CNC system perform subsequent operations.

[0045] Pre-installation of equipment: Install the transition flange on the rear axle of the engine, and hoist the entire equipment onto the transition flange to complete the positioning of the entire equipment and the rear axle of the engine.

[0046] Semi-automatic nut loading: The semi-automatic feeding system 6 is manually placed into the equipment and moved down along the protective cylinder 30. When the feeding positioning block 34 is aligned with the feeding docking block 31 on the inner wall of the protective cylinder 30, the feeding fixture is in place. Then, the feeding rotating shaft 32 is rotated, at which point the feeding nut slider 36 moves down, squeezing the connecting rod mechanism and simultaneously pushing the feeding nut pusher 38 forward, pushing out the nut fitted in the feeding end slide 35 and springing open the blocking nut spring 39. Then, the semi-automatic feeding system 6 is removed, and another nut is loaded.

[0047] The lifting action in the automatic nail finding process: The lifting system drives the electric cylinder 7 to retract, which in turn moves the lifting slide plate 10 downward, completing the downward movement of the cap-wearing central system 5 along the rear axle axis.

[0048] The horizontal feed action in the automatic nail finding action: the translation feed drive motor 12 drives the translation drive pinion 13 to rotate, and the translation feed slide plate 16 moves forward along the ball guide rail slider mechanism 15 relative to the lifting slide plate 10, completing the cap-wearing central system 5 to move into place radially along the rear axis.

[0049] In the automatic nail finding process, the circumferential indexing action is as follows: the indexing positioning drive motor 18 drives the indexing drive pinion 19 to rotate, the indexing fixed large gear 20 meshes with the indexing drive pinion 19, and the indexing drive pinion 19 revolves around the indexing fixed large gear 20, thereby driving the indexing turntable 11 to achieve 360° indexing rotation.

[0050] Folding action of the capping central system: The folding and flipping drive cylinder 23 pulls up the capping central long connecting rod 24, which drives the capping central short connecting rod 26 to rise, pulling the capping gearbox 40 to rotate around the hinge point with the capping spindle 25 until the capping gearbox 40 is leveled, completing the folding action of the capping central system 5.

[0051] The aforementioned descent, feed, and folding actions are linked actions controlled by the CNC system, completing the automatic nail-finding action of the capping central system 5.

[0052] The capping operation begins: The capping sleeve 28, output from the end of the capping gearbox 40, rotates. The capping gearbox 40, driven by the lifting slide plate 10, moves the capping spindle 25 upwards. The capping sleeve 28 has a 6mm axial float to reduce the probability of the nut and screw getting stuck due to misalignment. The capping action is completed. Once the miniature torque sensor integrated in the motor detects the torque value output by the motor and the lifting height reaches the process set value, the capping is considered successful. The capping sleeve 28 continues to apply torque, while the rising distance and rotation angle of the capping sleeve 28 are detected. When these reach the specified process values, the capping is considered complete in one cycle.

[0053] Next nut capping: The capping gearbox 40 swings back and rises, returning to a position with an angle of 180° with the capping spindle 25. Then, the semi-automatic feeding system 6 performs a feeding operation. The capping sleeve 28 rotates a specific small angle and then moves down to the designated height. The indexing and positioning system 3 moves to the diagonal position according to the diagonal capping process route and repeats the previous capping operation until all nuts are tightened.

[0054] Operation complete: The CNC system controls all motors and cylinders to return to zero. After the CNC system completes its self-check and zeroing operation, the entire equipment is lifted off the engine.

[0055] This invention employs a built-in capping power system within the gearbox, reducing the capping transmission distance and minimizing errors caused by transmission clearance and stress deformation. The capping motor is equipped with a torque monitoring sensor to ensure real-time measurement of the motor's output torque during nut capping. Simultaneously, a miniature angle sensor integrated at the rear of the capping motor monitors the motor's rotation angle in real time, calculating the sleeve's output angle to achieve the purpose of monitoring the capping angle. Furthermore, the sleeve has a 6mm axial float, reducing the difficulty of nut setting. The capping device of this invention uses an integrated protective sleeve to provide anti-torsional support for the capping mandrel, featuring high structural static rigidity and good motion stability, ensuring that structural components do not undergo significant deformation affecting capping accuracy during capping and loosening. This invention uses a human-machine interface touch panel to operate the CNC system, featuring a high degree of automation and high motion precision, avoiding human error and ensuring consistent capping of all nuts.

[0056] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, extensions, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compact nut automatic capping apparatus, characterized by, The device comprises a tool lifting system (1), a tool horizontal feeding system (2), a indexing positioning system (3), a hat fitting central system (5) and a semi-automatic feeding system (6), wherein the tool horizontal feeding system (2) is arranged on the upper part of the tool lifting system (1), the indexing positioning system (3) is arranged on the lower part of the tool lifting system (1), the hat fitting central system (5) is arranged below the indexing positioning system (3) and is connected with the tool horizontal feeding system (2), and the semi-automatic feeding system (6) is arranged on the hat fitting central system (5) and is used for completing semi-automatic feeding of hat fitting; the tool lifting system (1) is used for completing lifting movement of the hat fitting central system (5), the tool horizontal feeding system (2) is used for completing horizontal feeding of the hat fitting central system (5), the indexing positioning system (3) is used for completing 360° rotation indexing of the hat fitting central system (5), and the hat fitting central system (5) is used for completing power closed-loop output of hat fitting. The tool lifting system (1) comprises a lifting system driving electric cylinder (7), a lifting slide upper plate (8), a lifting slide guide assembly (9) and a lifting slide plate (10), wherein the lifting slide upper plate (8) is arranged above the indexing positioning system (3) and is connected with the indexing positioning system (3) through the lifting slide guide assembly (9), the lifting slide plate (10) is slidingly connected with the lifting slide guide assembly (9), the lifting system driving electric cylinder (7) is arranged on the lifting slide plate (10) and has an output end connected with the lifting slide upper plate (8), the lifting system driving electric cylinder (7) provides driving force for lifting of the lifting slide plate (10), and the lifting slide guide assembly (9) provides guidance for lifting of the lifting slide plate (10). The indexing positioning system (3) comprises an indexing rotary table plate (11), an indexing positioning driving motor (18), an indexing driving pinion (19), an indexing fixed gear (20), a bearing seat assembly (21) and a tool base plate (22), wherein the indexing rotary table plate (11) is arranged above the tool base plate (22) and is rotationally connected with the tool base plate (22) through the bearing seat assembly (21), the indexing fixed gear (20) is coaxially fixed on the outer side of the bearing seat assembly (21), the indexing positioning driving motor (18) is arranged on the indexing rotary table plate (11) and has an output end connected with the indexing driving pinion (19), the indexing driving pinion (19) is engaged with the indexing fixed gear (20), the indexing positioning driving motor (18) drives the indexing driving pinion (19) to rotate, and meanwhile, the indexing driving pinion (19) revolves around the indexing fixed gear (20), thereby driving the indexing rotary table plate (11) to rotate; the indexing rotary table plate (11) is connected with the lifting slide guide assembly (9), the indexing rotary table plate (11) is provided with a lifting limiting block (17), and the lifting limiting block (17) is used for limiting lowering of the lifting slide plate (10). The cap-capping central system (5) comprises a folding and overturning transmission mechanism, a cap-capping mandrel (25), a built-in power source assembly (27), a cap-capping sleeve (28), a protective cylinder (30) and a cap-capping gearbox (40), wherein the upper end of the cap-capping mandrel (25) is connected with the tool horizontal feeding system (2), the lower end of the cap-capping mandrel (25) is hingedly connected with the cap-capping gearbox (40), the cap-capping gearbox (40) is internally provided with the built-in power source assembly (27), the output end of the built-in power source assembly (27) is connected with the cap-capping sleeve (28) through a sleeve floating mechanism (29); the folding and overturning transmission mechanism is arranged on the tool horizontal feeding system (2) and connected with the cap-capping gearbox (40), and is used for driving the cap-capping gearbox (40) to fold and overturn; the protective cylinder (30) is arranged outside the cap-capping mandrel (25) and connected with the indexing positioning system (3) at the upper end. The built-in power source assembly (27) comprises a tightening motor, a bevel gear I (27-1) and a bevel gear II (27-2); the sleeve floating mechanism (29) comprises a copper sleeve (29-1) and a spring (29-2); wherein the output end of the tightening motor is connected with the bevel gear I (27-1), the bevel gear II (27-2) is engaged with the bevel gear I (27-1) and sleeved at one end of the cap-capping sleeve (28), and the copper sleeve (29-1) and the spring (29-2) are both sleeved on the cap-capping sleeve (28), and the two ends of the spring (29-2) are respectively abutted against the stop opening of the cap-capping sleeve (28) and the copper sleeve (29-1).

2. The compact space nut automatic capping apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The tool horizontal feeding system (2) comprises a translation feeding driving motor (12), a translation driving pinion (13), a translation driving rack (14), a ball guide rail sliding block mechanism (15) and a translation feeding sliding table plate (16), wherein the translation driving rack (14) and the ball guide rail sliding block mechanism (15) are arranged in parallel on the lifting sliding table plate (10), the translation feeding sliding table plate (16) is connected with the ball guide rail sliding block mechanism (15), the translation feeding driving motor (12) is arranged on the translation feeding sliding table plate (16) and the output end thereof is connected with the translation driving pinion (13), and the translation driving pinion (13) is engaged with the translation driving rack (14).

3. The compact space nut automatic capping apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The folding and overturning transmission mechanism comprises a folding and overturning driving electric cylinder (23), a cap-capping central long connecting rod (24) and a cap-capping central short connecting rod (26), wherein the folding and overturning driving electric cylinder (23) is arranged on the tool horizontal feeding system (2) and the output end thereof is connected with the upper end of the cap-capping central long connecting rod (24), and the lower end of the cap-capping central long connecting rod (24) is hingedly connected with the cap-capping gearbox (40) through the cap-capping central short connecting rod (26).

4. The compact space nut automatic capping apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The semi-automatic feeding system (6) comprises a feeding butt joint block (31), a feeding rotating shaft (32), a feeding support cylinder (33), a feeding positioning block (34), a feeding end sliding table (35), a feeding nut sliding block (36), a connecting rod mechanism (37), a feeding nut push head (38) and a blocking nut spring sheet (39), wherein the feeding rotating shaft (32) penetrates through the feeding support cylinder (33) and can rotate, one end of the feeding rotating shaft (32) is threadedly connected with the feeding nut sliding block (36), one end of the feeding end sliding table (35) is connected with one end of the feeding support cylinder (33), the other end is provided with a nut mounting shaft, the nut mounting shaft is slidably connected with the feeding nut push head (38), and the end of the nut mounting shaft is provided with the blocking nut spring sheet (39) to block the nut from falling off; the two sides of the feeding nut sliding block (36) are respectively hingedly connected with the feeding nut push head (38) through two groups of connecting rod mechanisms (37); the feeding positioning block (34) is arranged on the feeding support cylinder (33), and the feeding butt joint block (31) is arranged on the hat center system (5) and is used for positioning connection with the feeding positioning block (34).

5. The compact space nut automatic capping apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The connecting rod mechanism (37) comprises two connecting rods which are hingedly connected with each other, and the ends of the two connecting rods are respectively hingedly connected with the feeding nut sliding block (36) and the feeding nut push head (38).

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