Intelligent fruit and vegetable seedling raising process

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of seedling raising, and particularly relates to an intelligent fruit and vegetable seedling raising process, which comprises the following steps: soaking selected tomato seeds in warm water for 48-60 hours; laying a first polyacrylic acid film on a seedling bed, then laying the soaked seeds on the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film, covering the surface of the seeds with a second polyacrylic acid film, and continuously watering and keeping warm until the seeds germinate; taking out the germinated seeds, mixing the seeds with a substrate to obtain a mixture, then laying the substrate on the seedling bed and laying the mixture on the surface of the substrate, and spraying water and keeping warm until the surface sprouts; carrying out light treatment on the seedling bed, wherein the light treatment adopts an LP-PE300BF type photocatalytic reaction light source; taking out the tomato seedlings after the light treatment, removing most of the substrate from the root system by using distilled water, and obtaining tomato seedlings with complete root systems. The application solves the problem of low seedling raising efficiency, uses a light source as an auxiliary means, improves the absorption of nutrients by seeds, and thus improves the seedling raising effect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of seedling culture, and particularly relates to an intelligent fruit and vegetable seedling culture process. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of fruit and vegetable cultivation, fruit and vegetable seedling culture is an indispensable process. The seedling culture is to cultivate seedlings in a nursery, a hotbed or a greenhouse for transplanting to the land for cultivation. The past seedling culture method adopts the method of direct sowing in the open field or adopts a sun bench, a modified sun bench and a sunlight greenhouse seedling culture. This method has long seedling age, poor quality, uneven size, high cost, and often causes seedling shortage due to natural disasters such as freezing damage or pest damage. This method is difficult to popularize and master, and the stability of the crop seedlings is poor. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present application provides an intelligent fruit and vegetable seedling culture process, which solves the problem of low efficiency of the existing seedling culture. The light source is used as an auxiliary means to improve the absorption of nutrients by the seeds, thereby improving the seedling culture effect.

[0004] To achieve the above technical purposes, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0005] An intelligent fruit and vegetable seedling culture process comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: The selected tomato seeds are soaked in warm water for 48-60 hours. The warm water is changed every 12 hours, and the temperature of the warm water during the day is 30-40℃, and the temperature of the warm water at night is 25-30℃. During the soaking process, the seeds are subjected to the invasion of the warm water, thereby forming the effect of soaking and swelling. The soaking is related to the temperature, and the higher the temperature, the better the soaking effect, and the larger the swelling. However, in the actual treatment process, the seed coat swells during the soaking process. During the temperature conversion process during the day and at night, the seed coat is given a buffer time to realize the homogenization of the seed coat swelling. It should be noted that the seed coat is insoluble swelling, which is physical swelling.

[0007] Step 2: The first polyacrylic acid film is laid on the seedling bed, then the soaked seeds are laid on the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film, and the second polyacrylic acid film is covered on the surface of the seeds. Watering and temperature maintenance are continued until the seeds germinate. The laying amount of the first polyacrylic acid film is 5-10 g / cm 2 , and the first polyacrylic acid film is pretreated with humic acid before use. The laying amount of the seeds is 1-3 g / cm 2 , and the laying amount of the second polyacrylic acid film is 2-4 g / cm 2The temperature of the watering and heat preservation is 20-30 DEG C, and the watering is based on surface wetting; the water absorption of the first and second polyacrylic acid films can ensure that they form expansion after absorbing water, so as to improve the water resources required by the seeds for germination, and the polyacrylic acid belongs to an expansion type liquid film, and the surface contains certain pores, which ensure the entry of air, thereby ensuring the air requirement of the seeds during the germination process, and meeting the stability of the seed germination;

[0008] Step 3, the germinated seeds are taken out and mixed with the substrate to obtain a mixture, then the substrate is laid on the seedbed, and the mixture is laid on the surface of the substrate, and water is sprayed for heat preservation until the surface sprouts; the mass ratio of the germinated seeds to the substrate is 3:1-2, the stirring speed of the mixture is 10-30 r / min, the laying amount of the substrate on the seedbed is 15-20 g / cm 2 , the laying amount of the mixture on the seedbed is 2-5 g / cm 2 , the temperature of the water spraying and heat preservation is 35-40 DEG C, and the water spraying amount per hour is 1-2 mL / cm 2 ; this step utilizes the laying of the substrate on the seedbed to form a stable nutrient soil layer, and in the process of mixing the substrate and the germinated seeds, the substrate wraps the germinated seeds to form a stable external nutrient absorption, and it is necessary to note that the mixture is located on the upper surface of the substrate layer, and the surrounding substrate and the germinated seeds form a loose structure, which does not affect the growth of the germinated seeds;

[0009] Step 4, the seedbed is subjected to light treatment, the light treatment adopts a LP-PE300BF type photocatalytic reaction light source; the light treatment is controlled at a temperature of 28-30 DEG C; the light treatment comprises initial light, intermediate light and late light; the initial light has an intensity of 1000-1100 Lux, a light time of 10-12 hours per day, and a light time of 2-3 days; the intermediate light has an intensity of 4000-4500 Lux, a light time of 13-15 hours per day, and a light time of 3-5 days; the late light has an intensity of 6000-8000 Lux, and a light time of 14-15 hours; the light treatment is continued until the tomato seedlings have 3 leaves and 1 heart; the light treatment also sprays a nutrient solution on the seedlings at regular intervals, the nutrient solution is a mixture of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride, the concentration of the potassium nitrate is 3.0-4.0 mmol / L, the concentration of the ammonium nitrate is 3.5-4.6 mmol / L, and the concentration of the sodium chloride is 0.3-0.6 mmol / L; the nutrient solution is added in an amount of 20-24% of the mass of the mixture containing the seed; the step utilizes light with a gradient increase to meet the gradually increasing nutritional requirements of the seedbed, the light can promote the decomposition of the nutrients in the substrate, and improves the absorption of the nutrients by the seed, thereby promoting the seedling speed; meanwhile, the nutrient solution can form rapid penetration, and the nutrient solution is uniformly absorbed in the substrate, and can be uniformly distributed in the system, which is helpful for the root absorption during the seedling process; the light source used in the light treatment can simulate sunlight, and provides sufficient light for the seed germination, and the light source can form a synergistic effect with the materials in the substrate, and improves the root absorption effect;

[0010] Step 5, the tomato seedlings after the light treatment are taken out, and most of the substrate on the roots is removed by using distilled water, and the tomato seedlings with intact roots are obtained.

[0011] The mass ratio of the first polyacrylic acid film and the second polyacrylic acid film in step 2 is: polyacrylic acid 20-30 parts, ferrous sulfate 1-3 parts, grass carbon 5-10 parts, gelatin 1-2 parts, and distilled water 8-12 parts; the use method of the above mass ratio comprises the following steps: a1, polyacrylic acid is added to distilled water and stirred uniformly to form a thick slurry, then gelatin is added and ultrasonic treatment is performed for 20-30 min to obtain a mixed slurry, the stirring speed is 200-400 r / min, and the temperature is 20-30 DEG C; the ultrasonic treatment is performed at an ultrasonic frequency of 60-80 kHz and a temperature of 20-30 DEG C; this step utilizes the solubility of polyacrylic acid in water to form good solubility and dispersion, and the thick slurry is obtained, and the gelatin molecular chain is opened by ultrasonic treatment, so that blending is formed, and stability is realized, a2, ferrous sulfate and grass carbon are mixed uniformly to form a mixed solid, and are put into the mixed slurry to obtain a pre-slurry, the mixing is performed by mechanical stirring at a stirring speed of 200-300 r / min, a3, the pre-slurry is low-temperature spun and mixed to form a fiber film, the low-temperature spinning is performed at a temperature of 2-8 DEG C, a spinning voltage of 15-20 kV, and a pushing distance of 20-40 cm. This process utilizes the gradient mixing method to add gelatin to polyacrylic acid, realizes blending effect, utilizes the pores generated by soluble ferrous ions in the dissolution process to ensure gas permeability, improves liquid membrane permeability, and further speaking, the pore structure is formed as an expansion space for polyacrylic acid and gelatin; the ferrous sulfate in the ratio can form rapid dissolution and carry ferrous ions to the seed surface to promote germination.

[0012] Further, the humic acid pretreatment step in step 2 comprises the following steps: b1, humic acid is added to distilled water and ultrasonic dispersion treatment is performed to form a slurry, the mass ratio of the humic acid to the distilled water is 1:3-5, the ultrasonic dispersion treatment is performed at an ultrasonic frequency of 60-80 kHz and a temperature of 20-30 DEG C; b2, hydrochloric acid is slowly added and pH is adjusted to obtain an acidic slurry, the slow adding speed is 1-3 mL / min, and the pH of the acidic slurry is 6.8-6.9; b3, the acidic slurry is sprayed onto the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film to obtain a humic acid modified first polyacrylic acid; the spraying amount is 3-8 mL / cm 2, the temperature is 40-50 DEG C; the process uses ultrasonic formation of homogeneous dispersion of humic acid in water, and then spraying on the polyacrylic acid film surface, at this time the polyacrylic acid can absorb water molecules, fix humic acid on the polyacrylic acid film, thereby forming a single side load of humic acid, in use, the seed is laid on the single side of the polyacrylic acid loaded with humic acid. Humic acid itself contains phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl, showing a certain weak acidity, with the addition of hydrochloric acid, can ensure the increase of acidity, improve the activity of phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl, so that in the subsequent deposition process, the polyacrylic acid film can not only realize the solidification after physical expansion, but also the surface group can be solidified with humic acid. It should be noted that ferrous sulfate is located in the polyacrylic acid film, which can form a complex effect with humic acid. In the technical solution, the addition of humic acid can effectively improve the nutritional composition of the polyacrylic acid film, and can form internal and external nutrients in the seed germination stage to provide sufficient nutrients for germination and ensure the stability of the tender bud and the weak period caused by insufficient nutrients.

[0013] The substrate in step 3 uses a substrate material containing silica particles, and the mass ratio of the substrate includes 2-6 parts of vermiculite, 2-4 parts of activated carbon, 2-4 parts of ferric nitrate, 5-9 parts of mushroom residue, 5-8 parts of gelatin, 20-25 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of silica particles, and 2-3 parts of titanium dioxide. The particle size of the silica particles is 0.5-1.5 mm. In the substrate ratio, the silica particles are uniformly dispersed as fillers in the whole system to form a stable light dispersion system. The light is directly dispersed into the whole substrate, and a small amount of titanium dioxide in the substrate forms a composite system of light and light response, which can decompose humic acid and convert high molecular humic acid into small molecular humic acid, thereby assisting the absorption of the germinated seed. With the increase of light intensity, small molecules in humic acid are continuously produced to ensure stable absorption in the non-light stage, thereby improving the absorption of external nutrients by the seed and ensuring the clear root system of the tomato seedlings with high survival rate. The preparation method of the substrate includes: c1, blending and stirring vermiculite, activated carbon, ferric nitrate, mushroom residue, gelatin and humic acid to form a mixture, and the stirring speed is 200-300 r / min; c2, the silica is treated by spraying acidification with hydrochloric acid with pH 5, and then dried at 200 DEG C to obtain acidified silica, and then mixed with titanium dioxide to obtain a second mixture; c3, the mixture and the second mixture are mixed at low speed to obtain the substrate material. The prepared silica is pretreated to improve the surface activity and form a stable connection with titanium dioxide, thereby achieving the surface solidification effect of silica. In the light process, the synergistic effect of silica and titanium dioxide is improved, which effectively improves the degradation of organic nutrients such as humic acid into small molecules and improves the seedling efficiency.

[0014] From the above description, the present application has the following advantages:

[0015] 1. The present application solves the problem of low efficiency of seedling raising, uses light source as an auxiliary means, improves the absorption of seeds to nutrients, and thus improves the effect of seedling raising.

[0016] 2. The present application uses the degradability of humic acid to improve the efficiency of small molecule humic acid, and cooperates with the intelligent control of light cycle to effectively meet the respiratory and nutritional needs of seeds, greatly improves the nutrient absorption rate of seedlings, and also improves the survival rate of seeds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present application is described in detail in combination with examples, but does not limit the claims of the present application.

[0018] Example 1

[0019] An intelligent fruit and vegetable seedling raising process, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Step 1, the selected tomato seeds are soaked in warm water for 48h, the warm water is changed every 12h, and the temperature of the warm water during the day is 30℃; the temperature of the warm water at night is 25℃;

[0021] Step 2, the first polyacrylic acid film is laid on the seedbed, then the soaked seeds are laid on the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film, and the second polyacrylic acid film is covered on the surface of the seeds, and the water is continuously poured and the temperature is kept until the seeds sprout; the laying amount of the first polyacrylic acid film is 5g / cm 2 , and the first polyacrylic acid film is pretreated with humic acid before use, the laying amount of the seeds is 1g / cm 2 , the laying amount of the second polyacrylic acid film is 2g / cm 2 , the temperature of the water pouring and temperature keeping is 20℃, and the water pouring is based on the surface wetting;

[0022] Step 3, the sprouted seeds are taken out and mixed with the substrate to obtain a mixture, then the substrate is laid on the seedbed, and the mixture is laid on the surface of the substrate, and the water is sprayed and the temperature is kept until the surface sprouts; the mass ratio of the sprouted seeds to the substrate is 3:1, the stirring speed of the mixture is 10r / min, the laying amount of the substrate on the seedbed is 15g / cm 2 , the laying amount of the mixture on the seedbed is 2g / cm 2 , the temperature of the water spraying and temperature keeping is 35℃, and the water spraying amount per hour is 1mL / cm 2 ;

[0023] Step 4, the seedling bed is subjected to light treatment, the light treatment adopts a LP-PE300BF type photocatalytic reaction light source; the light treatment is controlled at a temperature of 28 DEG C; the light treatment comprises initial light, middle light and late light; wherein the initial light has an intensity of 1000 Lux, a light time of 10 hours per day, and is applied for 2 days; the middle light has an intensity of 4000 Lux, a light time of 13 hours per day, and is applied for 3 days; the late light has an intensity of 6000 Lux, and a light time of 14 hours; the light treatment is applied until the tomato seedlings completely form 3 leaves and 1 heart; the light treatment also regularly sprays a nutrient solution, the nutrient solution is a mixed solution of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride, the concentration of the potassium nitrate is 3.0 mmol / L, the concentration of the ammonium nitrate is 3.5 mmol / L, and the concentration of the sodium chloride is 0.3 mmol / L; the nutrient solution is added in an amount of 20% of the mass of the seed seed-containing mixture;

[0024] Step 5, the tomato seedlings after the light treatment are taken out, and most of the matrix of the root system is removed by using distilled water to obtain the tomato seedlings with the complete root system.

[0025] The mass ratio of the first polyacrylic acid film and the second polyacrylic acid film in the step 2 is as follows: 20 parts of polyacrylic acid, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of grass carbon, 1 part of gelatin, and 8 parts of distilled water; the use method of the above mass ratio comprises the following steps: a1, the polyacrylic acid is added to the distilled water to stir uniformly to form a thick slurry, then the gelatin is added and ultrasonic treated for 20 min to obtain a mixed slurry, the stirring speed is 200 r / min, and the temperature is 20 DEG C; the ultrasonic frequency is 60 kHz, and the temperature is 20 DEG C; a2, the ferrous sulfate and the grass carbon are mixed uniformly to form a mixed solid, and are put into the mixed slurry to obtain a pre-prepared slurry, the mixing is uniformly carried out by mechanical stirring, and the stirring speed is 200 r / min; a3, the pre-prepared slurry is low-temperature spun and mixed to form a fiber film, the low-temperature spinning temperature is 2 DEG C, the spinning voltage is 15 kV, and the pushing distance is 20 cm;

[0026] The step of the humic acid pretreatment in the step 2 comprises the following steps: b1, the humic acid is added to the distilled water and ultrasonic dispersed to form a slurry, the mass ratio of the humic acid to the distilled water is 1:3, the ultrasonic frequency is 60 kHz, and the temperature is 20 DEG C; b2, hydrochloric acid is slowly added and the pH is adjusted to obtain an acid slurry, the adding speed is 1 mL / min, and the pH of the acid slurry is 6.8; b3, the acid slurry is sprayed to the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film to obtain a humic acid modified first polyacrylic acid; the spraying amount is 3 mL / cm 2 , and the temperature is 40 DEG C.

[0027] The matrix in step 3 adopts a matrix material containing silica particles, and the mass ratio of the matrix includes 2 parts of vermiculite, 2 parts of activated carbon, 2 parts of ferric nitrate, 5 parts of mushroom residue, 5 parts of gelatin, 20 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of silica particles, and 2 parts of titanium dioxide, wherein the particle size of the silica particles is 0.5 mm; the preparation method of the matrix includes: c1, blending and stirring vermiculite, activated carbon, ferric nitrate, mushroom residue, gelatin, and humic acid to form a mixture, and the stirring speed is 200-300 r / min; c2, using hydrochloric acid with a pH of 5 to spray and acidify the silica, drying at 200 DEG C to obtain acidified silica, and then mixing the titanium dioxide with the acidified silica to obtain a second mixture; c3, low-speed stirring and mixing the mixture and the second mixture to obtain the matrix material.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] An intelligent fruit and vegetable seedling raising process, comprising the following steps:

[0030] Step 1, soaking the selected tomato seeds in warm water for 60 hours, wherein the warm water is changed every 12 hours, and the temperature of the warm water during the day is 40 DEG C, and the temperature of the warm water at night is 30 DEG C;

[0031] Step 2, laying the first polyacrylic acid film on the seedling bed, then laying the soaked seeds on the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film, and covering the second polyacrylic acid film on the surface of the seeds, and continuously watering and keeping warm until the seeds germinate; the laying amount of the first polyacrylic acid film is 10 g / cm 2 , and the first polyacrylic acid film is pretreated with humic acid before use, the laying amount of the seeds is 3 g / cm 2 , the laying amount of the second polyacrylic acid film is 4 g / cm 2 , and the temperature of the watering and keeping warm is 30 DEG C, and the watering is based on the surface wetting;

[0032] Step 3, taking out the germinated seeds and mixing them with the matrix to obtain a mixture, then laying the matrix on the seedling bed and laying the mixture on the surface of the matrix, and spraying water and keeping warm until the surface sprouts; the mass ratio of the germinated seeds to the matrix is 3:2, the stirring speed of the mixing is 30 r / min, the laying amount of the matrix on the seedling bed is 20 g / cm 2 , the laying amount of the mixture on the seedling bed is 5 g / cm 2 , the temperature of the spraying and keeping warm is 40 DEG C, and the spraying amount per hour is 2 mL / cm 2 ;

[0033] Step 4, the seedling bed is subjected to light treatment, the light treatment adopts a LP-PE300BF type photocatalytic reaction light source; the light treatment is controlled at 30 DEG C; the light treatment comprises initial light, middle light and late light; the initial light has a light intensity of 1100 Lux, a daily light time of 12h, and a light time of 3 days; the middle light has a light intensity of 4500 Lux, a daily light time of 15h, and a light time of 5 days; the late light has a light intensity of 8000 Lux and a light time of 15h; the light treatment is performed until 3-leaf 1-heart tomato seedlings are formed; the light treatment also regularly sprays a nutrient solution, the nutrient solution is a mixed solution of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride, the concentration of the potassium nitrate is 4.0mmol / L, the concentration of the ammonium nitrate is 4.6mmol / L, and the concentration of the sodium chloride is 0.6mmol / L; the addition amount of the nutrient solution is 24% of the mass of the seed-containing mixture;

[0034] Step 5, the tomato seedlings after the light treatment are taken out, most of the matrix of the root system is removed by using distilled water, and the tomato seedlings with an intact root system are obtained.

[0035] The mass ratio of the first polyacrylic acid film and the second polyacrylic acid film in the step 2 is as follows: polyacrylic acid 30 parts, ferrous sulfate 3 parts, grass carbon 10 parts, gelatin 2 parts, and distilled water 12 parts; the use method of the above mass ratio comprises the following steps: a1, the polyacrylic acid is added to the distilled water to form a viscous slurry, then the gelatin is added and ultrasonic treatment is performed for 30 min to obtain a mixed slurry, the stirring speed of the stirring is 400 r / min, and the temperature is 30 DEG C; the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 80 kHz, and the temperature is 30 DEG C; a2, the ferrous sulfate and the grass carbon are mixed uniformly to form a mixed solid, and are put into the mixed slurry to obtain a pre-prepared slurry, the mixing is uniformly performed by mechanical stirring, and the stirring speed is 300 r / min; a3, the pre-prepared slurry is low-temperature spun and mixed to form a fiber film, the temperature of the low-temperature spinning is 8 DEG C, the voltage of the spinning is 20 kV, and the pushing distance is 40 cm;

[0036] The step of the humic acid pretreatment in the step 2 comprises the following steps: b1, the humic acid is added to the distilled water and ultrasonic dispersion treatment is performed to form a slurry, the mass ratio of the humic acid to the distilled water is 1:3-5, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic dispersion treatment is 80 kHz, and the temperature is 30 DEG C; b2, hydrochloric acid is slowly added and pH is adjusted to obtain an acid slurry, the speed of the slow addition is 3 mL / min, and the pH of the acid slurry is 6.9; b3, the acid slurry is sprayed to the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film to obtain a humic acid modified first polyacrylic acid; the spraying amount is 8 mL / cm 2 , and the temperature is 50 DEG C.

[0037] The matrix in step 3 adopts a matrix material containing silica particles, and the mass ratio of the matrix includes 6 parts of vermiculite, 4 parts of activated carbon, 4 parts of ferric nitrate, 9 parts of mushroom residue, 8 parts of gelatin, 25 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of silica particles, and 3 parts of titanium dioxide, wherein the particle size of the silica particles is 1.5 mm; the preparation method of the matrix includes: c1, blending and stirring vermiculite, activated carbon, ferric nitrate, mushroom residue, gelatin and humic acid to form a mixture, and the stirring speed is 300 r / min; c2, the silica is treated by spraying hydrochloric acid with a pH of 5 for acidification, and the acidified silica is obtained by drying at 200 DEG C, and then the titanium dioxide is mixed with the acidified silica to form a second mixture; c3, the mixture and the second mixture are mixed at low speed to obtain the matrix material.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] An intelligent fruit and vegetable seedling technology, comprising the following steps:

[0040] Step 1, the selected tomato seeds are soaked in warm water for 50h, the warm water is changed every 12h, and the temperature of the warm water during the day is 40 DEG C; the temperature of the warm water at night is 25 DEG C;

[0041] Step 2, the first polyacrylic acid film is laid on the seedbed, then the soaked seeds are laid on the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film, and the second polyacrylic acid film is covered on the surface of the seeds, and the water is continuously poured and the temperature is kept until the seeds germinate; the laying amount of the first polyacrylic acid film is 8g / cm 2 , and the first polyacrylic acid film is pretreated with humic acid before use, the laying amount of the seeds is 2g / cm 2 , the laying amount of the second polyacrylic acid film is 3g / cm 2 , the temperature of the water pouring and temperature keeping is 25 DEG C, and the water pouring is based on the surface wetting;

[0042] Step 3, the germinated seeds are taken out and mixed with the matrix to obtain a mixture, then the matrix is laid on the seedbed, and the mixture is laid on the surface of the matrix, and the water is sprayed and the temperature is kept until the surface sprouts; the mass ratio of the germinated seeds to the matrix is 3:2, the stirring speed of the mixing is 20r / min, the laying amount of the matrix on the seedbed is 18g / cm 2 , the laying amount of the mixture on the seedbed is 4g / cm 2 , the temperature of the water spraying and temperature keeping is 35 DEG C, and the water spraying amount per hour is 2mL / cm 2 ;

[0043] Step 4, the seedbed is subjected to light treatment, the light treatment adopts a LP-PE300BF type photocatalytic reaction light source; the light treatment is controlled at 30 DEG C; the light treatment comprises initial light, middle light and late light; the initial light has a light intensity of 1000 Lux, a daily light time of 11 h, and a light time of 2 days; the middle light has a light intensity of 4500 Lux, a daily light time of 12 h, and a light time of 4 days; the late light has a light intensity of 7000 Lux and a light time of 14 h; the light treatment is continued until 3-leaf 1-heart tomato seedlings are formed; the light treatment is also regularly sprayed with a nutrient solution, the nutrient solution is a mixed solution of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride, the concentration of the potassium nitrate is 3.5 mmol / L, the concentration of the ammonium nitrate is 4 mmol / L, and the concentration of the sodium chloride is 0.5 mmol / L; the nutrient solution is added in an amount of 22% of the mass of the seed-containing mixture;

[0044] Step 5, the tomato seedlings after the light treatment are taken out, most of the matrix of the root system is removed with distilled water, and the tomato seedlings with an intact root system are obtained.

[0045] The mass ratio of the first polyacrylic acid film and the second polyacrylic acid film in the step 2 is as follows: 25 parts of polyacrylic acid, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8 parts of grass carbon, 2 parts of gelatin and 10 parts of distilled water; the use method of the above mass ratio comprises the following steps: a1, the polyacrylic acid is added to the distilled water and stirred uniformly to form a thick slurry, then the gelatin is added and ultrasonic treated for 25 min to obtain a mixed slurry, the stirring speed is 300 r / min and the temperature is 25 DEG C; the ultrasonic frequency is 70 kHz and the temperature is 25 DEG C; a2, the ferrous sulfate and the grass carbon are mixed uniformly to form a mixed solid, and then put into the mixed slurry to obtain a pre-prepared slurry, the mixing is uniformly carried out by mechanical stirring at a stirring speed of 250 r / min, a3, the pre-prepared slurry is low-temperature spun and mixed to form a fiber film, the low-temperature spinning temperature is 5 DEG C, the spinning voltage is 18 kV, and the pushing distance is 30 cm;

[0046] The humic acid pretreatment step in the step 2 comprises the following steps: b1, the humic acid is added to the distilled water and ultrasonic dispersed to form a slurry, the mass ratio of the humic acid to the distilled water is 1:4, the ultrasonic frequency is 70 kHz and the temperature is 25 DEG C; b2, the hydrochloric acid is slowly added and the pH is adjusted to obtain an acid slurry, the slow adding speed is 2 mL / min and the pH of the acid slurry is 6.8; b3, the acid slurry is sprayed to the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film to obtain a humic acid modified first polyacrylic acid; the spraying amount is 5 mL / cm 2 , and the temperature is 45 DEG C.

[0047] The substrate in step 3 adopts a substrate material containing silica particles, and the mass ratio of the substrate includes 4 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of activated carbon, 3 parts of ferric nitrate, 8 parts of mushroom residue, 6 parts of gelatin, 22 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of silica particles, and 3 parts of titanium dioxide, wherein the particle size of the silica particles is 1 mm; the preparation method of the substrate includes: c1, blending and stirring vermiculite, activated carbon, ferric nitrate, mushroom residue, gelatin, and humic acid to form a mixture, and the stirring speed is 250 r / min; c2, using hydrochloric acid with a pH of 5 to spray and acidify the silica, drying at 200 DEG C to obtain acidified silica, and then mixing the acidified silica with titanium dioxide to obtain a second mixture; c3, low-speed stirring and mixing the mixture and the second mixture to obtain the substrate material.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] An intelligent fruit and vegetable seedling raising process, comprising the following steps:

[0050] Step 1, soaking the selected tomato seeds in warm water for 50 hours, the warm water is changed every 12 hours, and the temperature of the warm water during the day is 40 DEG C; the temperature of the warm water at night is 25 DEG C;

[0051] Step 2, laying the first polyacrylic acid film on the seedbed, then laying the soaked seeds on the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film, and covering the second polyacrylic acid film on the surface of the seeds, and continuously watering and keeping warm until the seeds germinate; the laying amount of the first polyacrylic acid film is 8 g / cm 2 , the laying amount of the seeds is 2 g / cm 2 , the laying amount of the second polyacrylic acid film is 3 g / cm 2 , the temperature of watering and keeping warm is 25 DEG C, and the watering is surface wetting;

[0052] Step 3, taking out the germinated seeds and mixing them with the substrate to obtain a mixture, then laying the substrate on the seedbed and laying the mixture on the surface of the substrate, and spraying water and keeping warm until the surface sprouts; the mass ratio of the germinated seeds to the substrate is 3:2, the stirring speed of the mixture is 20 r / min, the laying amount of the substrate on the seedbed is 18 g / cm 2 , the laying amount of the mixture on the seedbed is 4 g / cm 2 , the temperature of spraying water and keeping warm is 35 DEG C, and the spraying water amount per hour is 2 mL / cm 2 ;

[0053] Step 4, the seedbed is subjected to light treatment, the light treatment adopts a LP-PE300BF type photocatalytic reaction light source; the light treatment is controlled at 30 DEG C; the light treatment comprises initial light, middle light and late light; the initial light has a light intensity of 1000 Lux, a daily light time of 11h, and a light time of 2 days; the middle light has a light intensity of 4500 Lux, a daily light time of 12h, and a light time of 4 days; the late light has a light intensity of 7000 Lux, and a light time of 14h; the light treatment is continued until 3-leaf 1-heart tomato seedlings are formed; the light treatment also regularly sprays nutrient solution, the nutrient solution is a mixed solution of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride, the concentration of the potassium nitrate is 3.5mmol / L, the concentration of the ammonium nitrate is 4mmol / L, and the concentration of the sodium chloride is 0.5mmol / L; the addition amount of the nutrient solution is 22% of the mass of the seed-containing mixture;

[0054] Step 5, the tomato seedlings after the light treatment are taken out, most of the matrix of the root system is removed by using distilled water, and the tomato seedlings with intact root systems are obtained.

[0055] The mass ratio of the first polyacrylic acid film and the second polyacrylic acid film in the step 2 is as follows: 25 parts of polyacrylic acid, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8 parts of grass carbon, 2 parts of gelatin, and 10 parts of distilled water; the use method of the above mass ratio comprises the following steps: a1, the polyacrylic acid is added to the distilled water and stirred uniformly to form a thick slurry, then the gelatin is added and ultrasonic treated for 25min to obtain a mixed slurry, the stirring speed of the uniform stirring is 300r / min, and the temperature is 25 DEG C; the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 70kHz, and the temperature is 25 DEG C; a2, the ferrous sulfate and the grass carbon are mixed uniformly to form a mixed solid, and are put into the mixed slurry to obtain a pre-prepared slurry, the uniform mixing is carried out by mechanical stirring, and the stirring speed is 250r / min; a3, the pre-prepared slurry is low-temperature spun and mixed to form a fiber film, the temperature of the low-temperature spinning is 5 DEG C, the voltage of the spinning is 18kV, and the pushing distance is 30cm;

[0056] The matrix in the step 3 adopts a matrix material containing silica particles, and the mass ratio of the matrix comprises 4 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of activated carbon, 3 parts of ferric nitrate, 8 parts of mushroom residue, 6 parts of gelatin, 22 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of silica particles, and 3 parts of titanium dioxide, the particle size of the silica particles is 1mm; the preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: c1, the vermiculite, the activated carbon, the ferric nitrate, the mushroom residue, the gelatin and the humic acid are blended and stirred to form a mixture, and the stirring speed is 250r / min; c2, the silica is treated by spraying acidification with hydrochloric acid with a pH of 5, and is dried at 200 DEG C to obtain acidified silica, then the titanium dioxide is mixed with the acidified silica to form a second mixture; c3, the mixture and the second mixture are mixed at a low speed to obtain the matrix material.

[0057] Embodiment 5

[0058] An intelligent fruit and vegetable seedling raising process, comprising the following steps:

[0059] Step 1, selected tomato seeds are soaked in warm water for 50h, the warm water is changed every 12h, and the temperature of the warm water during the day is 40℃; the temperature of the warm water at night is 25℃;

[0060] Step 2, a first polyacrylic acid film is laid on the seedbed, then the soaked seeds are laid on the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film, and a second polyacrylic acid film is laid on the surface of the seeds, and water is sprayed and kept warm until the seeds germinate; the laying amount of the first polyacrylic acid film is 8g / cm 2 , and the first polyacrylic acid film is pretreated with humic acid before use, the laying amount of the seeds is 2g / cm 2 , the laying amount of the second polyacrylic acid film is 3g / cm 2 , and the temperature of the water spraying and keeping warm is 25℃, and the water spraying is based on the surface wetting;

[0061] Step 3, the germinated seeds are taken out and mixed with the substrate to obtain a mixture, then the substrate is laid on the seedbed, and the mixture is laid on the surface of the substrate, and water is sprayed and kept warm until the surface sprouts; the mass ratio of the germinated seeds to the substrate is 3:2, the stirring speed of the mixture is 20r / min, the laying amount of the substrate on the seedbed is 18g / cm 2 , the laying amount of the mixture on the seedbed is 4g / cm 2 , the temperature of the water spraying and keeping warm is 35℃, and the water spraying amount per hour is 2mL / cm 2 ;

[0062] Step 4, the above seedbed is subjected to light treatment, the light treatment uses an LP-PE300BF type photocatalytic reaction light source; the temperature of the light treatment is controlled at 30℃; the light treatment includes initial light, intermediate light and late light; the light intensity of the initial light is 1000Lux, the light time per day is 11h, and the light is applied for 2 days; the light intensity of the intermediate light is 4500Lux, the light time per day is 12h, and the light is applied for 4 days; the light intensity of the late light is 7000Lux, and the light time is 14h; the light is applied until the tomato seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are formed; the light treatment also regularly sprays nutrient solution, the nutrient solution is a mixed solution of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride, the concentration of potassium nitrate is 3.5mmol / L, the concentration of ammonium nitrate is 4mmol / L, and the concentration of sodium chloride is 0.5mmol / L; the addition amount of the nutrient solution is 22% of the mass of the mixture containing the germinated seeds;

[0063] Step 5, the tomato seedlings with the end of light were taken out, and most of the substrate of the root system was removed by using distilled water to obtain the tomato seedlings with the complete root system.

[0064] The mass ratio of the first polyacrylic acid film and the second polyacrylic acid film in the step 2 is: polyacrylic acid 25 parts, ferrous sulfate 2 parts, grass carbon 8 parts, gelatin 2 parts, distilled water 10 parts; the use method of the above mass ratio comprises the following steps: a1, polyacrylic acid is added to distilled water to stir uniformly to form a thick slurry, then gelatin is added and ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 25 min to obtain a mixed slurry, the stirring speed of the uniform stirring is 300 r / min, and the temperature is 25℃; the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 70 kHz, and the temperature is 25℃; a2, ferrous sulfate and grass carbon are mixed uniformly to form a mixed solid, and are put into the mixed slurry to obtain a pre-prepared slurry, the uniform mixing is carried out by mechanical stirring, and the stirring speed is 250 r / min, a3, the pre-prepared slurry is low-temperature spun and mixed to form a fiber film, the temperature of the low-temperature spinning is 5℃, the voltage of the spinning is 18 kV, and the pushing distance is 30 cm;

[0065] The step of humic acid pretreatment in the step 2 comprises the following steps: b1, humic acid is added to distilled water and ultrasonic dispersion treatment is carried out to form a slurry, the mass ratio of the humic acid to the distilled water is 1:4, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic dispersion treatment is 70 kHz, and the temperature is 25℃; b2, hydrochloric acid is slowly added and pH is adjusted to obtain an acid slurry, the speed of the slow adding is 2 mL / min, and the pH of the acid slurry is 6.8; b3, the acid slurry is sprayed onto the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film to obtain humic acid modified first polyacrylic acid; the spraying amount is 5 mL / cm 2 , and the temperature is 45℃.

[0066] The substrate in the step 3 adopts a substrate material containing silicon dioxide particles, and the mass ratio of the substrate comprises: vermiculite 4 parts, activated carbon 3 parts, ferric nitrate 3 parts, mushroom residue 8 parts, gelatin 6 parts, and humic acid 22 parts, and the preparation method of the substrate comprises: c1, vermiculite, activated carbon, ferric nitrate, mushroom residue, gelatin and humic acid are blended and stirred to form a substrate, and the stirring speed is 250 r / min.

[0067] Comparative example

[0068] An intelligent fruit and vegetable seedling culture process, comprising the following steps:

[0069] Step 1, the selected tomato seeds are soaked in warm water for 50 h, the warm water is changed every 12 h, and the temperature of the warm water in the daytime is 40℃; the temperature of the warm water at night is 25℃;

[0070] Step 2, tomato seeds are put into a seedbed, which is watered and kept warm until the tomato seedlings form 3 leaves and 1 heart, and the matrix of the seedbed is vermiculite 4 parts, activated carbon 3 parts, ferric nitrate 3 parts, mushroom residue 8 parts, gelatin 6 parts, humic acid 22 parts.

[0071]

[0072] It can be understood that the above specific description of the present application is only for illustrating the present application and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application can still be modified or replaced equivalently to achieve the same technical effect; as long as the use needs are met, it is within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An intelligent fruit and vegetable seedling raising process, characterized by comprising the steps of: It comprises the following steps: Step 1, selected tomato seeds are soaked in warm water for 48-60 hours; Step 2, the first polyacrylic acid film is laid on the seedbed, then the soaked seeds are laid on the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film, and the second polyacrylic acid film is covered on the surface of the seeds, and water is continuously poured and kept warm until the seeds germinate; the laying amount of the first polyacrylic acid film is 5-10 g / cm 2 , and the first polyacrylic acid film is pretreated with humic acid before use; Step 3, the sprouting seeds are taken out and mixed with the substrate to obtain a mixture, then the substrate is laid on the seedbed and the mixture is laid on the surface of the substrate, and water is sprayed for temperature preservation until the surface sprouts; Step 4, the seedbed is treated with light, and the light treatment uses LP-PE300BF type photocatalytic reaction light source; Step 5, the tomato seedlings after light treatment are taken out, and most of the substrate in the root system is removed with distilled water to obtain tomato seedlings with complete root system; The mass ratio of the first polyacrylic acid film and the second polyacrylic acid film in step 2 is: polyacrylic acid 20-30 parts, ferrous sulfate 1-3 parts, grass carbon 5-10 parts, gelatin 1-2 parts, and distilled water 8-12 parts; the use method of the above mass ratio comprises the following steps: a1, polyacrylic acid is added to distilled water and stirred uniformly to form a thick slurry, then gelatin is added and ultrasonic treated for 20-30 min to obtain a mixed slurry, the stirring speed for uniform stirring is 200-400 r / min, and the temperature is 20-30℃; the ultrasonic frequency for ultrasonic treatment is 60-80 kHz, and the temperature is 20-30℃; a2, ferrous sulfate and grass carbon are mixed uniformly to form a mixed solid, and are put into the mixed slurry to obtain a pre-prepared slurry, the mixing is uniformly carried out by mechanical stirring at a stirring speed of 200-300 r / min, a3, the pre-prepared slurry is low-temperature spun and mixed to form a fiber film, the temperature for low-temperature spinning is 2-8℃, the voltage for spinning is 15-20 kV, and the pushing distance is 20-40 cm; The humic acid pretreatment step in step 2 comprises: b1, humic acid is added to distilled water and ultrasonic dispersed to form a slurry, the mass ratio of humic acid to distilled water is 1:3-5, the ultrasonic frequency for ultrasonic dispersion treatment is 60-80 kHz, and the temperature is 20-30℃; b2, hydrochloric acid is slowly added to adjust the pH to obtain an acidic slurry, the speed of slow drop is 1-3 mL / min, and the pH of the acidic slurry is 6.8-6.9; b3, spraying the acidic slurry to the surface of the first polyacrylic acid film to obtain humic acid modified first polyacrylic acid; the spraying amount is 3-8 mL / cm 2 at a temperature of 40-50 °C.

2. The smart fruit and vegetable nursery process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The warm water in step 1 is changed every 12 hours, and the temperature of the warm water during the day is 30-40℃; the temperature of the warm water at night is 25-30℃.

3. The smart fruit and vegetable nursery process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The amount of seeds laid in step 2 is 1-3 g / cm 2 The amount of the second polyacrylic film laid is 2-4 g / cm 2 .

4. The intelligent fruit and vegetable nursery process according to claim 1, characterized by: The temperature for watering and temperature preservation in step 2 is 20-30℃, and the watering is based on the surface wetting.

5. The intelligent fruit and vegetable nursery process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The mass ratio of the sprouting seeds to the substrate in step 3 is 3:1-2, and the stirring speed for mixing is 10-30 r / min.

6. The intelligent fruit and vegetable nursery process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The matrix in step 3 is laid in the amount of 15-20 g / cm 2 The mixture is laid in the amount of 2-5 g / cm 2 The temperature of the water-spraying heat preservation is 35-40℃, and the water-spraying amount is 1-2 mL / cm 2 per hour.

7. The intelligent fruit and vegetable nursery process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The temperature for light treatment in step 4 is controlled at 28-30℃.

8. The smart fruit and vegetable nursery process as claimed in claim 7, wherein: The light treatment comprises initial light, intermediate light and late light; the initial light has an intensity of 1000-1100 Lux, the light time per day is 10-12 h, and the light lasts for 2-3 days; the intermediate light has an intensity of 4000-4500 Lux, the light time per day is 13-15 h, and the light lasts for 3-5 days; the late light has an intensity of 6000-8000 Lux, and the light time is 14-15 h; the light lasts until the tomato seedlings form 3 leaves and 1 heart.

9. The intelligent fruit and vegetable nursery process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The light treatment in the step 4 also sprays nutrient solution regularly, the nutrient solution is the mixed solution of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride, and the concentration of potassium nitrate is 3.0-4.0mmol / L, the concentration of ammonium nitrate is 3.5-4.6mmol / L, and the concentration of sodium chloride is 0.3-0.6mmol / L; the added amount of the nutrient solution is 20-24% of the mass of the mixture containing the seed of the sprout.

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