A cultivating method of pinellia ternata

Abstract

This invention discloses a cultivation method for Pinellia ternata, belonging to the field of traditional Chinese medicinal herb cultivation technology. The Pinellia ternata cultivation method provided by this invention, by applying Rhizopus mosieboldii or Rhizopus endophyticus during the cultivation process, can promote the growth of Pinellia ternata plants, reduce disease incidence, and increase yield. Simultaneously, by applying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers according to different growth stages of Pinellia ternata, the yield can be significantly increased. It also reduces the number of fertilizations and the amount of fertilizer used, lowers cultivation costs, and increases economic benefits. This method effectively improves the cultivation efficiency of Pinellia ternata, promotes its growth and development, and increases yield, which is beneficial for the artificial cultivation of Pinellia ternata and has important significance for the green and sustainable development of the Pinellia ternata industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of Chinese medicinal herb cultivation technology, and particularly relates to a cultivation method that promotes the growth and development of Pinellia ternata and increases its yield, as well as a cultivation method that reduces fertilizer use and increases efficacy. Background Technology

[0002] Pinellia ternate (Thunb.) Beri. is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Pinellia in the family Araceae. It is also known as Ma Yu Zi, Di Xing, and Di Wen. It is mainly distributed in East China, North China, and the Yangtze River basin. It is a traditional and widely used Chinese medicinal herb. The dried tuber is used medicinally, possessing properties such as drying dampness and resolving phlegm, relieving nausea and vomiting, and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. It ranks 22nd in frequency among 196 prescriptions, indicating its widespread application. Due to the high demand for this medicinal herb, it has relied on artificial cultivation for many years. Currently, the main producing areas of Pinellia ternate in my country include Gansu, Guizhou, and Hubei provinces.

[0003] Pinellia ternata has a low sexual reproduction coefficient under natural conditions, leading to a reproductive system primarily based on asexual reproduction through plant buds and tubers. Currently, tuber propagation is the main method used in artificial cultivation. In large-scale artificial cultivation, Pinellia ternata is susceptible to pests and diseases, and suffers from severe continuous cropping obstacles. Continuous planting in the same field weakens its resistance to adverse conditions, exacerbates diseases, and results in decreased yield and poorer quality. To mitigate the damage caused by continuous cropping obstacles, land transfers are constantly implemented, and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is increased. However, this cultivation model involves high input costs, environmental pollution, and food safety risks, seriously hindering the sustainable development of the industry.

[0004] Agricultural microbial resources are environmentally friendly and play a vital role in the sustainable development of agricultural ecology. While existing technologies have explored the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in promoting plant growth and development, effective solutions remain lacking for tuberous medicinal herbs. The interactions between the herbs, soil, and microorganisms can lead to soil nutrient imbalances, nutrient deficiencies, allelopathic effects, and rhizosphere environmental damage, resulting in severe continuous cropping obstacles. Furthermore, Pinellia ternata requires high levels of soil nutrients, and the supply of these nutrients directly impacts its quality and yield. Therefore, to meet its growth needs and mitigate the harm caused by continuous cropping, fertilizer use is often increased, raising costs. Thus, there is an urgent need for a cultivation method and its application that promotes Pinellia ternata growth and increases yield, while simultaneously reducing the frequency and amount of fertilization and lowering cultivation costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a cultivation method that promotes the growth and development of Pinellia ternata and increases its yield, thereby promoting the growth of Pinellia ternata plants, reducing the incidence of disease, and increasing the yield of Pinellia ternata.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide a cultivation method for reducing fertilizer application and increasing the efficacy of Pinellia ternata, which can reduce the number of fertilizations and the amount of fertilizer used, thereby lowering cultivation costs.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention provides a cultivation method to promote the growth and development of Pinellia ternata and increase its yield, comprising the following steps: placing Pinellia ternata tubers on a cultivation substrate, sprinkling Rhizopus mosieboldii and / or Rhizopus endophyticus on the Pinellia ternata tubers, and then covering them with the cultivation substrate for cultivation.

[0009] Preferably, the *Morchella mossioides* or *Rhizocystis mossioides* is used in the form of a complete culture of fungi and culture medium.

[0010] Preferably, the method for preparing the whole culture of *Rhizocystis moses* or *Rhizocystis radiata* includes the following steps: placing the *Rhizocystis moses* or *Rhizocystis radiata* strain into a culture medium, sprinkling alfalfa seeds, and covering the culture medium for cultivation; after cultivation, removing the above-ground parts of the alfalfa, and crushing the underground parts together with the culture medium to use as the whole culture of *Rhizocystis moses* or *Rhizocystis radiata*.

[0011] Preferably, the number of *M. mossiosporium* or *M. endophyticus* spores is >200 per 50g of whole culture.

[0012] Preferably, the amount of the whole culture is set based on the weight of the Pinellia tuber, and the amount used is 10-30g per 100g of Pinellia tuber.

[0013] Preferably, the *Morchella mosierifolia* is *Morchella mosierifolia* XJ01, and the *Rhizocystis radicans* is *Rhizocystis radicans* BJ09.

[0014] Preferably, the cultivation substrate comprises raw materials in the following volume ratio: vermiculite: peat moss: organic nutrient soil = 1-3: 1-3: 3-4.

[0015] Preferably, the cultivation temperature is 20–28°C and the humidity is 45–75%.

[0016] This invention also provides a cultivation method for reducing fertilizer and increasing the efficacy of Pinellia ternata, which includes placing Pinellia ternata tubers on a cultivation substrate, sprinkling Rhizopus mosieboldii and / or Rhizopus endophyticus on the Pinellia ternata tubers and covering them with the cultivation substrate for cultivation, applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers during the two seedling emergence stages of Pinellia ternata, and applying potassium fertilizers during the two bud growth stages.

[0017] Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer application rate is 8-12 g / m³ during each fertilization period. 2 The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 8-12 g / m³. 2 The potassium fertilizer dosage is 6-10 g / m³. 2 .

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0019] This invention provides a cultivation method for promoting the growth and development of Pinellia ternata and increasing its yield. By applying *Rhizopus mosierifolius* or *Rhizopus moniliformis* during the cultivation process, it can promote the growth and development of Pinellia ternata, improve the quality and yield of the medicinal material, promote the accumulation of active medicinal components, and enhance the host's resistance to adverse conditions. It also has the ability to restore the soil ecological environment and prevent heavy metal pollution, thereby promoting the growth of Pinellia ternata plants, reducing the incidence of disease, and increasing the yield. Simultaneously, this invention, based on the different nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium requirements of Pinellia ternata at different growth stages, and considering that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can provide mineral nutrients, especially phosphorus, to the host plant, and that the growth-promoting effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is more pronounced in low-phosphorus environments, allows for targeted and precise fertilization. By applying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers according to different growth stages of Pinellia ternata, combined with the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the host, it jointly promotes the growth and development of Pinellia ternata and increases its yield, achieving the goal of reducing fertilizer use and increasing efficiency, thus lowering cultivation costs and increasing economic benefits.

[0020] The cultivation method provided by this invention can effectively improve the cultivation efficiency of Pinellia ternata, promote its growth and development and increase its yield. It is beneficial to the artificial cultivation of Pinellia ternata and is of great significance to the green and ecological sustainable development of the Pinellia ternata industry. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 Comparison of Pinellia ternata plant growth during the mid-stage of growth and development between the group inoculated with Moses tuyere XJ01 and the control group (CK group);

[0022] Figure 2 Comparison of the size of Pinellia tubers in the group inoculated with Moses tubulosa XJ01 and the control group (CK group);

[0023] Figure 3 Comparison of Pinellia ternata plant growth during the mid-stage of growth and development between the group inoculated with Rhizocarpus endophyticus BJ09 and the control group (CK group);

[0024] Figure 4 Comparison of the size of Pinellia tubers in the group inoculated with Rhizocarpium Rootspora BJ09 and the control group (CK group);

[0025] Figure 5 The images show the mycorrhizal structure of Pinellia ternata. The left image is a magnified 100 times magnified mycorrhizal structure, and the right image is a magnified 200 times magnified mycorrhizal structure. The arrows in the images point to the hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Detailed Implementation

[0026] This invention provides a cultivation method to promote the growth and development of Pinellia ternata and increase its yield, comprising the following steps: placing Pinellia ternata tubers on a cultivation substrate, sprinkling Rhizopus mosieboldii and / or Rhizopus endophyticus on the Pinellia ternata tubers, and then covering them with the cultivation substrate for cultivation.

[0027] In this invention, there is no specific limitation on the variety of Pinellia ternata, and it can be Hemayu No. 1; the diameter of the Pinellia ternata tuber is preferably 1.0-1.5 cm. During cultivation, the Pinellia ternata tuber can be disinfected and dried before use. The disinfection method is a commonly used tuber disinfection method in the art. As one possible implementation, hydrogen peroxide soaking can be used for disinfection. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 5%, and the soaking time is 5-15 minutes, preferably 10 minutes.

[0028] In this invention, the cultivation substrate comprises raw materials in the following volume ratio: vermiculite: peat moss: organic nutrient soil = 1-3:1-3:3-4; preferably, the cultivation substrate comprises raw materials in the following volume ratio: vermiculite: peat moss: organic nutrient soil = 1:1:3. There are no special limitations on the source of the vermiculite, peat moss, and organic nutrient soil; they can be obtained through conventional channels. The vermiculite particles have a diameter of 5.0-10.0 mm; the peat moss can be imported from Denmark, with a size of 10.0-20.0 mm, rich in natural organic matter; the organic nutrient soil is a commercially available general-purpose nutrient soil with a moderate pH, fumigated to be free of insect eggs, and may also contain fungicides such as carbendazim and rooting powder to promote plant growth. All cultivation substrate materials are sterilized before use. The sterilization method is the conventional method for sterilizing cultivation substrates. Alternatively, each cultivation substrate material can be wrapped in four layers of gauze and sterilized with high-temperature steam at 121℃ for 2 hours, followed by natural cooling for one week before use. As an alternative implementation, the vermiculite, peat moss, and organic nutrient soil can be mixed and used as a cultivation substrate, or they can be layered sequentially according to volume ratio. This invention uses vermiculite, peat moss, and organic nutrient soil as the cultivation substrate for Pinellia ternata, which ensures that it provides sufficient nutrients for Pinellia ternata growth, is loose and well-aerated, and does not adversely affect the growth of mycorrhizal fungi.

[0029] In this invention, *Rhizocystis moses* or *Rhizocystis ulmoides* is used as a complete culture of fungus and culture medium. The method for preparing the complete culture includes the following steps: placing a sample of *Rhizocystis moses* or *Rhizocystis ulmoides* into a culture medium, sprinkling alfalfa seeds, and covering the culture medium for cultivation; after cultivation, removing the above-ground parts of the alfalfa, and pulverizing the underground parts together with the culture medium to obtain the complete culture of *Rhizocystis moses* or *Rhizocystis ulmoides*. As an alternative implementation, the complete culture can be obtained through pot cultivation, with the amount of *Rhizocystis moses* or *Rhizocystis ulmoides* sample used being 5–15 g / pot, preferably 10 g / pot, but adjustable according to container size and other practical considerations. In the preparation of the whole culture, peat moss, natural fine river sand, and vermiculite are mixed and sterilized in a mass ratio of 1-2:1-3:1-2 to serve as the culture medium. Preferably, peat moss, natural fine river sand, and vermiculite are mixed and sterilized in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to serve as the culture medium. The sterilization is a conventional method for culture medium sterilization, such as steam sterilization at 121°C for 2.0 hours, followed by a 1-2 week shelf life before use. This invention does not have specific limitations on the alfalfa variety; alfalfa seeds can be sterilized before use. The sterilization method is a commonly used seed sterilization method in the art. As one possible implementation, hydrogen peroxide soaking can be used, with a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 5% and a soaking time of 5-15 minutes, preferably 10 minutes. The amount of alfalfa seeds used is 25-30 seeds per pot, which can be adjusted according to the size of the culture container. The culture method can be greenhouse cultivation; the preferred cultivation time is 4-5 months. After cultivation, the whole culture contains mycelium, spores, propagating plant roots, and culture medium; preferably, the number of *Rhizopus mosierifolius* or *Rhizopus endophyticus* spores in 50g of the whole culture is >200. As one possible implementation, the amount of whole culture used is set based on the weight of the *Pinellia ternata* tuber, with a usage of 10–30g per 100g of *Pinellia ternata* tuber, preferably 20g per 100g of *Pinellia ternata* tuber.

[0030] In this invention, there are no special limitations on the source and species of *Rhizocystis mosierifolia* and *Rhizocystis radiata*, and existing known *Rhizocystis mosierifolia* or *Rhizocystis radiata* can be selected. As one possible implementation, the *Rhizocystis mosierifolia* is *Rhizocystis mosierifolia* XJ01, and the *Rhizocystis radiata* is *Rhizocystis radiata* BJ09.

[0031] As one possible implementation method, after the Pinellia tuber is planted, a layer of pine needles can be covered on the surface of the cultivation substrate; the thickness of the pine needles is 1-5cm, preferably 2cm.

[0032] In this invention, the cultivation method can be selected according to actual needs, including potted cultivation or raised bed cultivation. When using flower pots, it is preferable to use them after sterilization. As one possible implementation, the flower pots are disinfected by soaking in 75% alcohol for 5 minutes, rinsed three times with sterile water, and then dried before use. The amount of Pinellia tubers used is adjusted according to the size of the flower pot, which can be 5-15 tubers per pot, preferably 10 tubers per pot. As another possible implementation, when planting in raised beds, the raised beds are 17cm high, 80cm wide, and 3m long; the ground surface is covered with non-woven fabric with a specification of 10-100g / m². 2 Preferably 70g / m 2 Before sowing, the tubers of Pinellia ternata can be soaked in wood ash solution with a concentration of 8-15%, preferably 10%; the soaking time is 1-3 hours, preferably 2 hours; after rinsing with tap water, they can be dried before sowing; the dosage of Pinellia ternata tubers is 0.5-1.0 kg / m³. 2 The preferred value is 0.75 kg / m 2 .

[0033] In this invention, Pinellia ternata can be cultivated in a greenhouse or plastic shed, with a cultivation temperature of 20-28°C and a humidity of 45-75%; preferably, the temperature is 24-27°C and the humidity is 50-70%; more preferably, the temperature is 26°C and the humidity is 65%.

[0034] This invention also provides a cultivation method for reducing fertilizer use and enhancing the efficacy of Pinellia ternata, comprising placing Pinellia ternata tubers on a cultivation substrate, spraying *Rhizopus mosierifolius* and / or *Rhizopus endophyticus* onto the Pinellia ternata tubers, covering them with the cultivation substrate, and applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers during the two seedling emergence stages and potassium fertilizers during the two bud formation stages. This invention does not have specific limitations on the type and source of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers; commercially available common nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers can be selected. As one possible implementation, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus fertilizer is P2O5, and the potassium fertilizer is K2O. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied during each fertilization period is 8–12 g / m³. 2 The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 8-12 g / m³. 2 The potassium fertilizer dosage is 6-10 g / m³. 2 Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer application rate is 9–11 g / m³. 2 The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 9-11 g / m³. 2 The potassium fertilizer dosage is 7-9 g / m³. 2 More preferably, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used is 10 g / m³. 2 The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 10g / m³. 2 The potassium fertilizer dosage is 8g / m³. 2 This invention involves inoculating the tubers of Pinellia ternata with Rhizocarpium mossioides or Rhizocarpium endophyticum, while simultaneously applying precise fertilizer according to different growth stages of Pinellia ternata to achieve fertilizer reduction and increased efficacy.

[0035] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments are all conventional methods.

[0037] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0038] In the following examples, both *Funneliformis mosseae* and *Rhizophagus intraradices* were purchased from the Germplasm Bank of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (BGC) at the Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Environment, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. *Funneliformis mosseae* has the Latin name *Funneliformis mosseae*, BGC number BGC XJ01, and National Microbial Resource Platform number 1511C0001BGCAM 0016; *Rhizophagus intraradices* has the Latin name *Rhizophagus intraradices*, BGC number BGC BJ09, and National Microbial Resource Platform number 1511C0001BGCAM 0042.

[0039] In the following examples, the Pinellia ternata variety used was Hemayu No. 1, a variety certified by the Guizhou Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The organic nutrient soil was purchased from Guangzhou Shengsheng Agricultural Co., Ltd.; the Hoglund nutrient solution was Scientific Phygene, product number: PH1782; and the peat moss was imported from Denmark by Pins, with a size of 10.0-20.0 mm.

[0040] Example 1: Preparation of a whole culture of *Polystomium mossae*

[0041] Culture medium: Mix peat soil, natural fine river sand and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to make a culture medium. Sterilize by steaming at 121℃ for 2.0h and let stand for 2 weeks before use.

[0042] Propagation steps: Fill a flowerpot with 2 / 3 of the culture medium after wiping it with 75% alcohol. Take 10g of *Aristolochia moses* XJ01 sample and spread it evenly on the medium. Sprinkle 30 alfalfa seeds per pot, which have been soaked in 5% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes and then rinsed with clean water. Cover with the remaining 1 / 3 of the culture medium and place in a greenhouse with light for 5 months. After cultivation, remove the propagation plants (the above-ground parts of alfalfa). Chop the underground parts together with the culture medium and use them as the whole culture of *Aristolochia moses*.

[0043] Example 2: Preparation of whole culture of *Rhizocystis jirovecii*

[0044] Culture medium: Mix peat soil, natural fine river sand and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to make a culture medium. Sterilize by steaming at 121℃ for 2.0h and let stand for 2 weeks before use.

[0045] Propagation steps: Fill a flowerpot with 2 / 3 of the culture medium after wiping it with 75% alcohol. Take 10g of Rhizocystis jirovecii sample and spread it evenly on the medium. Sprinkle 30 alfalfa seeds per pot, which have been soaked in 5% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes and then rinsed with clean water. Cover with the remaining 1 / 3 of the culture medium and place in a greenhouse with light for 5 months. After cultivation, remove the propagation plant (the above-ground parts of alfalfa). Chop the underground parts together with the culture medium and use them as the whole culture of Rhizocystis jirovecii.

[0046] Example 3: Pot experiment on promoting the growth and development of Pinellia ternata using Moses' tuberculosis fungus XJ01

[0047] (1) In early April each year, select healthy tubers of Pinellia ternata No. 1 without disease spots and seed coat damage, screen out tubers with a diameter of 1.0-1.5cm, soak them in 5% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes and then dry them for later use.

[0048] (2) After the flower pot is disinfected by soaking in 75% alcohol for 5 minutes, it is rinsed three times with sterile water and then dried.

[0049] (3) After wrapping vermiculite, peat moss, organic nutrient soil and pine needles in 4 layers of gauze, sterilize them with 121℃ high-temperature steam for 2 hours and then let them cool naturally for a week before use.

[0050] (4) First, sterilized vermiculite, peat moss, and organic nutrient soil were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:3 to form a culture medium. The medium was placed in flowerpots to 2 / 3 full. Then, sterilized Pinellia ternata tubers were placed neatly and with a certain spacing between them. Ten Pinellia ternata tubers were placed in each flowerpot. The whole culture of *Tetranychus moses* from Example 1 was sprinkled on the Pinellia ternata tubers. The amount of *Tetranychus moses* whole culture used was 20g per 100g of Pinellia ternata tubers. The whole culture of *Tetranychus moses* from Example 1 was sterilized by high-pressure steam and used as the control group (CK). Then, the remaining 1 / 3 of the culture medium was laid on top, and finally, pine needles with a thickness of 2cm were laid on top. The total height of the culture medium in the flowerpots was 17cm. Ten potted flowerpots were set up in each group, the control group (CK) and the *Tetranychus moses* treatment group (XJ01).

[0051] (5) The flowerpots were placed in a transparent plastic greenhouse and propagated for 6 months under conditions of 26℃ and 65% humidity before harvesting. During this period, the plants were fertilized with a 50% Hoglund nutrient solution every half month, and watered according to soil moisture content at other times. The growth and development of the Pinellia ternata plants were assessed based on emergence time, emergence rate, number of tillers, plant height, time of lodging, and disease incidence. Plant height was recorded when the plants matured. Daily observations and statistical records were compiled, and data analysis was performed using Excel 2007. Results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown in Table 1.

[0052] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the XJ01 treatment group showed significantly better growth and development than the CK group. According to the results in Table 1, compared with the control group, the Pinellia ternata inoculated with Moses tuberculosis XJ01 emerged earlier, had a higher emergence rate at 20 days, increased the number of tillers and plant height, delayed the time of seedling collapse, and significantly reduced the incidence of disease.

[0053] Table 1. Statistical results of the growth and development of Pinellia ternata in the control group (CK) and the Moses tuberculosis XJ01 group.

[0054]

[0055] Example 4: Method for increasing the yield of Pinellia ternata using Moses tuberculosis XJ01

[0056] (1) In early April each year, select healthy tubers of Pinellia ternata No. 1 without disease spots and seed coat damage, screen out tubers with a diameter of 1.0cm, soak them in 5% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes and then dry them for later use.

[0057] (2) Inside the transparent plastic greenhouse, select a level cement surface and lay 70g / m² cement. 2 Specifications of nonwoven fabric;

[0058] (3) In the ridging plot, vermiculite, peat moss and organic nutrient soil were laid on non-woven fabric in a volume ratio of 1:1:1. Pinellia tubers soaked in 10% wood ash for 2 hours were sown at a rate of 0.75 kg per square meter. Then, the whole culture of *Tetranychus moss* from Example 1 was sprinkled on the tubers. The amount of *Tetranychus moss* whole culture used was 20g per 100g of Pinellia tubers. The whole culture of *Tetranychus moss* from Example 1 was sterilized by high pressure steam and used as the control group (CK). Then, twice the volume of the above-mentioned organic nutrient soil was covered, so that the final volume ratio of vermiculite, peat moss and organic nutrient soil was 1:1:3. Finally, pine needles with a thickness of 2cm were laid on top. The final ridging plot was 17cm high, 80cm wide and 3m long.

[0059] (4) After 6 months of breeding at a temperature of 26℃ and a humidity of 65%, harvest the crops. During this period, fertilize with a 50% Hoglund nutrient solution every half month, and water according to the soil moisture content at other times. Harvest using a random 5-point method, with each point measuring 20×20cm. 2 The yield of Pinellia ternata was sampled and statistically analyzed. The diameter of the Pinellia ternata tubers was measured and recorded. Data analysis was performed using Excel 2007. The results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown in Table 2.

[0060] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the tubers of group XJ01 are larger than those of group CK. This result is reflected in the statistical results in Table 2. The diameter and longitudinal diameter of the tubers of group XJ01 are larger than those of group CK, and the yield of group XJ01 is higher than that of group CK.

[0061] Table 2. Statistical results of Pinellia ternata in the control group and the Moses' tuberculosis XJ01 group.

[0062] Grouping Diameter (mm) Longitudinal diameter (mm) <![CDATA[Output (kg / m 2 )]]> CK group 15±6 14±3 1.48±0.42 XJ01 Processing Group 17±5 16±4 1.97±0.42

[0063] Example 5: Pot experiment on promoting the growth and development of Pinellia ternata using root-borne rhizocarp fungus BJ09

[0064] (1) In early April each year, select healthy tubers of Pinellia ternata No. 1 without disease spots and seed coat damage, screen out tubers with a diameter of 1.0-1.5cm, soak them in 5% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes and then dry them for later use.

[0065] (2) After the flower pot is disinfected by soaking in 75% alcohol for 5 minutes, it is rinsed three times with sterile water and then dried.

[0066] (3) After wrapping vermiculite, peat moss, organic nutrient soil and pine needles in 4 layers of gauze, sterilize them with 121℃ high-temperature steam for 2 hours and then let them cool naturally for a week before use.

[0067] (4) First, sterilized vermiculite, peat moss, and organic nutrient soil were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:3 to form a culture medium. The mixture was placed in flowerpots to 2 / 3 full. Then, sterilized Pinellia tubers were placed neatly and with a certain spacing between them. Ten Pinellia tubers were placed in each flowerpot. The Rhizocystis ulmoides culture from Example 2 was sprinkled on the Pinellia tubers. The amount of Rhizocystis ulmoides culture used was 20g per 100g of Pinellia tubers. The Rhizocystis ulmoides culture from Example 2 was sterilized by high-pressure steam and used as the control group (CK). Then, the remaining 1 / 3 of the culture medium was spread on top, and finally, pine needles with a thickness of 2cm were spread on top. The total height of the culture medium in the flowerpots was 17cm. Ten potted flowerpots were set up in each group, the control group (CK) and the Rhizocystis ulmoides treatment group (BJ09).

[0068] (5) The flowerpots were placed in a transparent plastic greenhouse and propagated for 6 months under conditions of 26℃ and 65% humidity before harvesting. During this period, the plants were fertilized with a 50% Hoglund nutrient solution every half month, and watered according to soil moisture content at other times. The growth and development of the Pinellia ternata plants were judged based on their emergence time, emergence rate, plant height, lodging time, and disease incidence. Plant height was recorded when the plants matured. Daily observations and statistical records were compiled, and data analysis was performed using Excel 2007. Results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown in Table 3.

[0069] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the BJ09 treatment group showed significantly better growth and development than the CK group. Table 3 shows that, compared to the control group, the BJ09 group inoculated with Rhizocystis pilosa exhibited earlier emergence, a higher emergence rate at 20 days, increased tiller number and plant height, delayed lodging, and significantly reduced disease incidence. Compared to Example 3, the BJ09 group showed better growth and development of Pinellia ternata than the XJ01 group.

[0070] Table 3. Statistical results of the growth and development of Pinellia ternata in the control group and the root-borne rhizocyst BJ09 group.

[0071]

[0072] Example 6: Method for increasing the yield of Pinellia ternata using Rhizocystis BJ09

[0073] (1) In early April each year, select healthy tubers of Pinellia ternata No. 1 without disease spots and seed coat damage, screen out tubers with a diameter of 1.0cm, soak them in 5% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes and then dry them for later use.

[0074] (2) Inside the transparent plastic greenhouse, select a level cement surface and lay 70g / m² cement. 2 Specifications of nonwoven fabric;

[0075] (3) In the ridging plot, vermiculite, peat moss and organic nutrient soil were laid on non-woven fabric in a volume ratio of 1:1:1. Pinellia tubers soaked in 10% wood ash for 2 hours were sown at a rate of 0.75 kg per square meter. Then, the Rhizocystis ulmoides culture of Example 2 was sprinkled on the tubers. The amount of Rhizocystis ulmoides culture used was 20g per 100g of Pinellia tuber. The Rhizocystis ulmoides culture of Example 2 was sterilized by high pressure steam and used as the control group (CK). Then, twice the volume of the above organic nutrient soil was covered, so that the final volume ratio of vermiculite, peat moss and organic nutrient soil was 1:1:3. Finally, pine needles with a thickness of 2cm were laid on top. The final ridging plot was 17cm high, 80cm wide and 3m long.

[0076] (4) After 6 months of breeding at a temperature of 26℃ and a humidity of 65%, harvest the crops. During this period, fertilize with a 50% Hoglund nutrient solution every half month, and water according to the soil moisture content at other times. Harvest using a random 5-point method, with each point measuring 20×20cm. 2 The yield of Pinellia ternata was sampled and statistically analyzed. The diameter of the Pinellia ternata tubers was measured and recorded. Data analysis was performed using Excel 2007. The results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown in Table 4.

[0077] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the tubers in group BJ09 are larger than those in group CK. This result is reflected in the statistical results in Table 4. The diameter and longitudinal diameter of the tubers in group BJ09 are both larger than those in group CK, and the yield of Pinellia ternata in group BJ09 is higher than that in group CK. Compared with Example 4, the yield of Pinellia ternata in group BJ09 is higher than that in group XJ01.

[0078] Table 4. Statistical results of Pinellia ternata in the control group and the root endophytic rhizocyst BJ09 group.

[0079] Grouping Diameter (mm) Longitudinal diameter (mm) <![CDATA[Output (kg / m 2 )]]> CK group 16±1 15±2 1.56±0.37 BJ09 processing group 18±4 17±3 2.15±0.39

[0080] Example 7: A method for increasing the yield of Pinellia ternata using Rhizocystis BJ09 and precision fertilization.

[0081] (1) In early April each year, select healthy tubers of Pinellia ternata No. 1 without disease spots and seed coat damage, screen out tubers with a diameter of 1.0cm, soak them in 5% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes and then dry them for later use.

[0082] (2) Inside the transparent plastic greenhouse, select a level cement surface and lay 70g / m² cement. 2 Specifications of nonwoven fabric;

[0083] (3) In the ridging plot, vermiculite, peat moss and organic nutrient soil were laid on non-woven fabric in a volume ratio of 1:1:1. Pinellia tubers soaked in 10% wood ash for 2 hours were sown at a rate of 0.75 kg per square meter. Then, the Rhizocystis ulmoides culture of Example 2 was sprinkled on the tubers. The amount of Rhizocystis ulmoides culture used was 20g per 100g of Pinellia tuber. The Rhizocystis ulmoides culture of Example 2 was sterilized by high pressure steam and used as the control group (CK). Then, twice the volume of the above organic nutrient soil was covered, so that the final volume ratio of vermiculite, peat moss and organic nutrient soil was 1:1:3. Finally, pine needles with a thickness of 2cm were laid on top. The final ridging plot was 17cm high, 80cm wide and 3m long.

[0084] (4) Based on Table 5, a precise fertilization management and comparative experiment were conducted during the growth period of Pinellia ternata. Four experimental groups were set up (three replicates per group). The CK group was sprayed with the complete culture of Rhizocystis pilosa from Example 2, which had been sterilized by high-pressure steam, and no fertilizer was applied to Pinellia ternata throughout its growth cycle. The A1 group was sprayed with the complete culture of Rhizocystis pilosa from Example 2, and no fertilizer was applied to Pinellia ternata throughout its growth cycle. The A2 group was sprayed with the complete culture of Rhizocystis pilosa from Example 2, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were applied during the first emergence, first bud formation, second emergence, and second bulbil formation stages of Pinellia ternata. The A3 group was sprayed with the complete culture of Rhizocystis pilosa from Example 2, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied during the two emergence stages of Pinellia ternata, and potassium fertilizer was applied during the two bud formation stages. The nitrogen fertilizer (N) was urea, the phosphorus fertilizer (P) was P2O5, and the potassium fertilizer was K2O, with each application amount being 10 g / m³. 2 10g / m 2 8g / m 2 .

[0085] (5) The root tissue of Pinellia ternata was stained with lactic acid cotton blue staining solution to examine the mycorrhizal structure. Microscopic examination revealed that unsterilized BJ09 inoculated into the root tissue of Pinellia ternata could form arbuscular mycorrhizal structures, as shown in the results. Figure 5 As shown.

[0086] (6) After the second wilting, each group was randomly assigned to 5 points (each point 20×20cm). 2 Sampling and yield measurement were performed, and data analysis was conducted using Excel 2007. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0087] Table 5. Fertilization schemes for different treatment groups of Pinellia ternata at different growth stages (n=3)

[0088]

[0089] Table 5 shows that the yield of Pinellia ternata increased after inoculation with viable Rhizocystis jirovecii BJ09 (Group A1). The yield further increased after applying a complete nutrient nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer during the first emergence, first bud formation, second emergence, and second bulbil formation stages of Pinellia ternata (Group A2). In Group A3, the yield reached 2.38 ± 0.24 kg / m³ when only nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer were applied during the first emergence, potassium fertilizer during the first bud formation stage, only nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer during the second emergence, and only potassium fertilizer during the second bulbil formation stage. 2 Compared to the method of applying 50% Hoglund nutrient solution every half month in Example 6, precise fertilization according to different growth stages of Pinellia ternata can increase the yield of Pinellia ternata, reduce the number of fertilizations, and reduce costs.

[0090] Example 8: A method for increasing the yield of Pinellia ternata using Moses tuberculosis XJ01 and precision fertilization.

[0091] (1) In early April each year, select healthy tubers of Pinellia ternata No. 1 without disease spots and seed coat damage, screen out tubers with a diameter of 1.0cm, soak them in 5% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes and then dry them for later use.

[0092] (2) Inside the transparent plastic greenhouse, select a level cement surface and lay 70g / m² cement. 2 Specifications of nonwoven fabric;

[0093] (3) In the ridging plot, vermiculite, peat moss and organic nutrient soil were laid on non-woven fabric in a volume ratio of 1:1:1. Pinellia tubers soaked in 10% wood ash for 2 hours were sown at a rate of 0.75 kg per square meter. Then, the whole culture of *Tetranychus moss* from Example 1 was sprinkled on the tubers. The amount of *Tetranychus moss* whole culture used was 20g per 100g of Pinellia tubers. The whole culture of *Tetranychus moss* from Example 1 was sterilized by high pressure steam and used as the control group (CK). Then, twice the volume of the above-mentioned organic nutrient soil was covered, so that the final volume ratio of vermiculite, peat moss and organic nutrient soil was 1:1:3. Finally, pine needles with a thickness of 2cm were laid on top. The final ridging plot was 17cm high, 80cm wide and 3m long.

[0094] (4) Based on Table 6, a precise fertilization management and comparative experiment were conducted during the growth period of Pinellia ternata. Four experimental groups were set up (three replicates per group). The CK group was sprayed with the complete culture of *Hymenochloa mosierifolia* from Example 1, which had been sterilized by high-pressure steam, and no fertilizer was applied to Pinellia ternata throughout its growth cycle. The B1 group was sprayed with the complete culture of *Hymenochloa mosierifolia* from Example 1, and no fertilizer was applied to Pinellia ternata throughout its growth cycle. The B2 group was sprayed with the complete culture of *Hymenochloa mosierifolia* from Example 1, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were applied during the first emergence, first bud formation, second emergence, and second bulbil formation stages of Pinellia ternata. The B3 group was sprayed with the complete culture of *Hymenochloa mosierifolia* from Example 1, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied during the two emergence stages of Pinellia ternata, and potassium fertilizer was applied during the two bud formation stages. The nitrogen fertilizer (N) was urea, the phosphorus fertilizer (P) was P2O5, and the potassium fertilizer was K2O, with each application amount being 10 g / m³. 2 10g / m 2 8g / m 2 .

[0095] (5) After the second wilting, each group was randomly divided into 5 points (each point 20×20cm). 2 Sampling and yield measurement were performed, and data analysis was conducted using Excel 2007. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0096] Table 6. Fertilization schemes for different treatment groups of Pinellia ternata at different growth stages (n=3)

[0097]

[0098] As shown in Table 6, the yield change of Pinellia ternata after inoculation with active *Rhizomyces moss* XJ01 was consistent with that after inoculation with active *Rhizomyces endomycetes* BJ09, indicating that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and increase the yield of Pinellia ternata; however, the yield of Pinellia ternata inoculated with *Rhizomyces moss* was slightly lower than that inoculated with *Rhizomyces endomycetes*.

[0099] In conclusion, during the cultivation of Pinellia ternata, inoculation with either Rhizocarpium mosesii or Rhizocarpium endophyta can promote plant growth, reduce disease incidence, and increase yield. Furthermore, inoculation with Rhizocarpium endophyta is more effective than inoculation with Rhizocarpium mosesii. Simultaneously, applying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers according to different growth stages of Pinellia ternata can significantly increase yield while reducing the frequency and amount of fertilization, lowering cultivation costs, and increasing economic benefits.

[0100] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for enhancing the weight loss and efficacy of Pinellia ternata, characterized in that, This involves placing the tubers of Pinellia ternata on the cultivation substrate, sprinkling Moses tuftosa or Rhizocystis moniliforme on the tubers and covering them with the cultivation substrate for cultivation, applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers during the two seedling emergence stages of Pinellia ternata, and applying potassium fertilizers during the two bud formation stages. The *M. mossiosporium* or *M. endo-rhizosporium* is used in the form of a complete culture of fungi and culture medium. The method for preparing a complete culture of *Rhizocystis mosierifolia* or *Rhizocystis radiata* includes the following steps: placing the *Rhizocystis mosierifolia* or *Rhizocystis radiata* strain into a culture medium, sprinkling alfalfa seeds, and covering the culture medium for cultivation; after cultivation, removing the above-ground parts of the alfalfa, and crushing the underground parts together with the culture medium to use as a complete culture of *Rhizocystis mosierifolia* or *Rhizocystis radiata*. The *Morchella mosierifolia* is *Morchella mosierifolia* XJ01, and the *Morchella endophyllum* is *Morchella endophyllum* BJ09. The nitrogen fertilizer application rate is 8-12 g / m³. 2 The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 8-12 g / m³. 2 The potassium fertilizer dosage is 6-10 g / m³. 2 ; The dosage of the whole culture is set based on the weight of the Pinellia tuber, and the dosage is 10-30g per 100g of Pinellia tuber.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of *M. mossiosporium* or *Rhizospora radiata* spores is greater than 200 per 50g of whole culture.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cultivation substrate comprises raw materials in the following volume ratio: vermiculite: peat moss: organic nutrient soil = 1-3: 1-3: 3-4.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cultivation temperature is 20–28℃, and the humidity is 45–75%.

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