Hydrogen storage and hydrogenation system for station and hydrogenation process thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a hydrogen storage and hydrogenation system for a station and a hydrogenation process thereof. The system comprises a hydrogen source storage tank, a hydrogen compressor, a first jacketed hydrogen storage tank, a second jacketed hydrogen storage tank, a third jacketed hydrogen storage tank and a buffer tank. The hydrogen source storage tank is connected with the hydrogen compressor. The outlet pipeline of the hydrogen compressor is divided into multiple pipelines which are respectively connected with the inner sleeves of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank. The outlet pipeline of the buffer tank is divided into multiple nitrogen pipelines which are respectively connected with the outer jackets of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank. Nitrogen discharge pipes are further arranged on the outer jacket sides of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank. Gas supply pipes are arranged on the upper ends of the inner sleeves of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank, and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank. The inner and outer of the storage tank have a pressure difference, so that the storage tank body bears smaller pressure, and the requirements for the container and the process are greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen refueling systems, specifically relating to a station-use hydrogen storage and refueling system and its refueling process. Background Technology

[0002] The automotive industry is currently a major contributor to air pollution. The combination of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and pure electric vehicles to replace traditional energy vehicles is key to zero-carbon transportation. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which use hydrogen as an energy source, have advantages such as high efficiency and zero emissions. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen as fuel, and typically store the hydrogen in high-pressure onboard hydrogen storage tanks.

[0003] High-pressure hydrogen storage technology is relatively simple and has a high mass storage density. However, due to the long-term operation at high pressure (35 or 70 MPa) and the frequent pressure changes during the hydrogen charging and discharging process, it has high requirements for materials and container processing technology. The materials are prone to fatigue failure, which affects the service life and can easily lead to safety hazards.

[0004] Existing hydrogen refueling stations work by taking low-pressure hydrogen from a long-tube trailer (hydrogen source), pressurizing it with a hydrogen compressor, and then storing it in a hydrogen storage tank. When hydrogen is needed, the storage tank refuels the onboard hydrogen cylinder via a refueling pipeline and a downstream refueling machine. The pressure in the storage tank must be higher than the pressure in the onboard hydrogen cylinder to ensure continuous refueling. Frequent starts of the refueling machine to pressurize the storage cylinder result in low refueling efficiency when refueling is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a station-use hydrogen storage and hydrogen refueling system and its hydrogen refueling process.

[0006] The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0007] A hydrogen storage and refueling system for railway stations includes a hydrogen source storage tank, a hydrogen compressor, a first jacketed hydrogen storage tank, a second jacketed hydrogen storage tank, a third jacketed hydrogen storage tank, and a buffer tank. The hydrogen source storage tank is connected to the hydrogen compressor. The outlet pipeline of the hydrogen compressor is divided into multiple pipelines, which are respectively connected to the inner sleeves of the first, second, and third jacketed hydrogen storage tanks. The outlet pipeline of the buffer tank is divided into multiple nitrogen pipelines, which are respectively connected to the outer jackets of the first, second, and third jacketed hydrogen storage tanks. Nitrogen exhaust pipes are also provided on the sides of the outer jackets of the first, second, and third jacketed hydrogen storage tanks. Gas supply pipes are respectively provided at the upper ends of the inner sleeves of the first, second, and third jacketed hydrogen storage tanks.

[0008] Furthermore, a first pipeline connects the nitrogen venting pipes of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank and the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank, a second pipeline connects the nitrogen venting pipes of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank, and a third pipeline connects the nitrogen venting pipes of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the nitrogen exhaust pipes of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank, and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank are connected together, and the gas supply pipes of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank, and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank are connected together.

[0010] Furthermore, branch nitrogen valves are installed on all nitrogen pipelines, nitrogen discharge valves are installed on all nitrogen discharge pipes, and nitrogen equalization valves are installed on the first, second, and third pipelines.

[0011] A hydrogen refueling process for a station-use hydrogen storage and refueling system includes the following steps:

[0012] 1) The hydrogen source storage tank fills one of the jacketed hydrogen storage tanks with hydrogen to 100% pressure through a hydrogen compressor. One operating condition is as follows: the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank is 1%, and the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket is 0%; the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank is 50%, and the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket is 25%; the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank is 100%, and the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket is 50%, with all valves closed.

[0013] 2) When it is necessary to fill the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank with hydrogen, open the valve on the gas supply pipe of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank. The second jacketed hydrogen storage tank fills the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank with hydrogen through the pipeline. When the pressure of the inner sleeve of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank is equal to the pressure of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank, close the valve on the gas supply pipe of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank and open the valve on the gas supply pipe of the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank to fill to the set pressure.

[0014] 3) When the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank drops to 25%, open the nitrogen venting valve on the nitrogen venting pipe of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank. The nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank will drop to 0%. Continue the filling operation until the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank drops to 50%, the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket is 50%, and the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank drops to 1%. At this point, start the hydrogen compressor. The hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank will be filled to 25%. Open the nitrogen equalization valve on the third pipeline. The nitrogen pressure inside the outer jacket of the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank drops to 25%, while the nitrogen pressure inside the outer jacket of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank rises to 25%. The nitrogen equalization valve on the third pipeline is closed, and the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank is filled to 50%. The valve on the buffer tank and the branch nitrogen valve on the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank are opened until the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank rises to 50%. The valve on the buffer tank and the branch nitrogen valve on the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank are closed, and the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank is filled to 100%.

[0015] 4) Repeat the process, adjusting the inner sleeve and hydrogen pressure of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank, and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank, as well as the nitrogen pressure of the outer sleeve.

[0016] Furthermore, the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeves of the first, second, and third jacketed hydrogen storage tanks is twice the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket.

[0017] Furthermore, pressure sensors are installed on the inner and outer sleeves of the first, second, and third jacketed hydrogen storage tanks, and a hydrogen detection device is installed on the confluence outlet pipeline of the nitrogen exhaust pipe.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] 1) In this invention, there is a pressure difference between the inner and outer layers of the jacketed hydrogen storage tank, which enables the tank body to withstand pressure up to half of the original hydrogen pressure. This greatly reduces the requirements for container materials and processing technology compared to the original storage materials and processing technology, thereby reducing costs.

[0020] 2) In this invention, low-pressure hydrogen and high-pressure hydrogen are filled and switched in sequence, which effectively improves the use of low-pressure hydrogen and reduces the frequency of hydrogen compressor operation.

[0021] 3) In this invention, low-pressure hydrogen is filled first, which can avoid the fatigue damage caused by the high pressure difference that the original high-pressure hydrogen storage container is frequently subjected to, as well as the container heating caused by the large pressure difference during the filling process.

[0022] 4) The leak-proof jacket in this invention is protected by nitrogen gas, which can prevent safety accidents. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Hydrogen source storage tank; 2. Hydrogen compressor; 3. First jacketed hydrogen storage tank; 4. Second jacketed hydrogen storage tank; 5. Third jacketed hydrogen storage tank; 6. Buffer tank; 7. Nitrogen exhaust pipe; 71. Nitrogen exhaust valve; 8. Gas supply pipe; 9. Nitrogen pipeline; 91. Branch nitrogen valve; 10. First pipeline; 11. Second pipeline; 12. Third pipeline; 13. Nitrogen equalization valve. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, a hydrogen storage and refueling system for stations includes a hydrogen source storage tank 1, a hydrogen compressor 2, a first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3, a second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4, a third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5, and a buffer tank 6. The hydrogen source storage tank 1 is connected to the hydrogen compressor 2. The outlet pipeline of the hydrogen compressor 2 is divided into multiple pipelines that are respectively connected to the inner sleeves of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4, and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5. The outlet pipeline of the buffer tank 6 is divided into multiple nitrogen pipelines 9. The outer jackets of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4, and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5 are respectively connected. Branch nitrogen valves 91 are installed on the nitrogen pipelines 9. Nitrogen outlet pipes 7 are also connected to the outer jackets of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4, and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5. The nitrogen outlet pipes 7 of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4, and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5 are connected together. Each nitrogen outlet pipe 7 is equipped with a nitrogen outlet valve. A first pipeline 10 connects the nitrogen venting pipes 7 of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3 and the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4; a second pipeline 11 connects the nitrogen venting pipes 7 of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4 and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5; and a third pipeline 12 connects the nitrogen venting pipes 7 of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3 and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5. A nitrogen equalization valve 13 is installed on the first pipeline 10, the second pipeline 11, and the third pipeline 12. The upper end of the inner sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4, and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5 is provided with a gas supply pipe 8. The gas supply pipes 8 of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4, and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5 are connected together. Pressure sensors are provided on the inner sleeve and outer sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4, and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5. A hydrogen detection device is provided on the confluence outlet pipe of the nitrogen exhaust pipe 7.

[0027] A hydrogen refueling process for a station-use hydrogen storage and refueling system includes the following steps:

[0028] 1) Hydrogen source storage tank 1 fills one of the jacketed hydrogen storage tanks with hydrogen to 100% pressure through hydrogen compressor 2. One operating condition is as follows: the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3 is 1%, and the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket is 0%; the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4 is 50%, and the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket is 25%; the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5 is 100%, and the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket is 50%. All valves are closed.

[0029] 2) When it is necessary to fill the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank with hydrogen, open the valve on the gas supply pipe 8 of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4. The second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4 fills the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank with hydrogen through the pipeline. When the pressure of the inner sleeve of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4 is equal to the pressure of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank, close the valve on the gas supply pipe 8 of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4 and open the valve on the gas supply pipe 8 of the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5 to fill to the set pressure.

[0030] 3) When the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4 drops to 25%, open the nitrogen venting valve 71 on the nitrogen venting pipe 7 of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4. The nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4 drops to 0%. Continue the filling operation until the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5 drops to 50%, the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket is 50%, and the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4 drops to 1%. At this time, start the hydrogen compressor 2. The hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3 is filled to 25%. Open the nitrogen equalization valve 13 on the third pipeline 12. The nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket of the three-jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5 drops to 25%, and the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket of the first-jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3 rises to 25%. The nitrogen equalization valve 13 on the third pipeline 12 is closed, and the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the first-jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3 is filled to 50%. The valve on the buffer tank 6 and the branch nitrogen valve 91 on the first-jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3 are opened until the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket of the first-jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3 rises to 50%. The valve on the buffer tank 6 and the branch nitrogen valve 91 on the first-jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3 are closed, and the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the first-jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3 is filled to 100%.

[0031] 4) Repeat the process, adjusting the inner sleeve and hydrogen pressure of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4, and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5, and the nitrogen pressure of the outer jacket. The hydrogen pressure of the inner sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank 3, the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank 4, and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank 5 is twice the nitrogen pressure of the outer jacket.

Claims

1. A hydrogen addition process for a station-use hydrogen storage and hydrogen addition system, characterized in that, The station-use hydrogen storage and refueling system includes a hydrogen source storage tank (1), a hydrogen compressor (2), a first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3), a second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4), a third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5), and a buffer tank (6). The hydrogen source storage tank (1) is connected to the hydrogen compressor (2). The outlet pipeline of the hydrogen compressor (2) is divided into multiple pipelines, which are respectively connected to the inner sleeves of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3), the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4), and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5). The outlet pipeline of the buffer tank (6) is... The system is divided into multiple nitrogen pipelines (9), which are respectively connected to the outer jackets of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3), the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4), and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5). Nitrogen drain pipes (7) are also provided on the sides of the outer jackets of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3), the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4), and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5). Gas supply pipes (8) are respectively provided at the upper ends of the inner sleeves of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3), the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4), and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5). A first pipeline (10) is connected between the nitrogen exhaust pipes (7) of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3) and the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4), a second pipeline (11) is connected between the nitrogen exhaust pipes (7) of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4) and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5), and a third pipeline (12) is connected between the nitrogen exhaust pipes (7) of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3) and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5). The nitrogen exhaust pipes (7) of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3), the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4) and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5) are connected together, and the gas supply pipes (8) of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3), the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4) and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5) are connected together. A branch nitrogen valve (91) is provided on the nitrogen pipeline (9), a nitrogen discharge valve (71) is provided on the nitrogen discharge pipe (7), and a nitrogen equalization valve (13) is provided on the first pipeline (10), the second pipeline (11), and the third pipeline (12). The hydrogenation process includes the following steps: 1) The hydrogen source storage tank (1) fills one of the jacketed hydrogen storage tanks with hydrogen to 100% pressure through the hydrogen compressor (2). One of the operating conditions is as follows: the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3) is 1%, the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket is 0%, the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4) is 50%, the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket is 25%, the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5) is 100%, the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket is 50%, and all valves are closed. 2) When it is necessary to fill the vehicle hydrogen storage tank with hydrogen, open the valve on the gas supply pipe (8) of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4), and fill the vehicle hydrogen storage tank with hydrogen through the pipeline. When the pressure of the inner sleeve of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4) is equal to the pressure of the vehicle hydrogen storage tank, close the valve on the gas supply pipe (8) of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4), open the valve on the gas supply pipe (8) of the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5), and fill to the set pressure. 3) When the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4) drops to 25%, open the nitrogen venting valve (71) on the nitrogen venting pipe (7) of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4). The nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4) drops to 0%. Continue the filling operation until the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5) drops to 50%, the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket is 50%, and the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4) drops to 1%. At this time, start the hydrogen compressor (2). The hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3) is filled to 25%. Open the nitrogen equalization valve (13) on the third pipeline (12). The nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5) drops to 25%, and the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3) rises to 25%. The nitrogen equalization valve (13) on the third pipeline (12) is closed, and the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3) is filled to 50%. The valve on the buffer tank (6) and the branch nitrogen valve (91) on the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3) are opened until the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3) rises to 50%. The valve on the buffer tank (6) and the branch nitrogen valve (91) on the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3) are closed, and the hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3) is filled to 100%. 4) Repeat the process to adjust the inner sleeve and hydrogen pressure of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3), the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4), and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5), as well as the nitrogen pressure of the outer sleeve.

2. The process as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen pressure in the inner sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3), the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4), and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5) is twice the nitrogen pressure in the outer jacket.

3. The process as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Pressure sensors are installed on the inner sleeve and outer sleeve of the first jacketed hydrogen storage tank (3), the second jacketed hydrogen storage tank (4) and the third jacketed hydrogen storage tank (5), and a hydrogen detection device is installed on the confluence outlet pipeline of the nitrogen exhaust pipe (7).

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