A non-contact press plate state acquisition device and a press plate state monitoring system

Abstract

The application discloses a non-contact pressboard state acquisition device and a pressboard state monitoring system. The device comprises a flat L-shaped shell structure and a bottom plate. One end of the L-shaped shell structure is embedded with a sensor. One end of a pressboard connecting piece is connected with a first contact point and rotates along the first contact point. The other end of the pressboard connecting piece is provided with a hanging hole and is connected with a second contact point through the hanging hole. One end of the L-shaped shell structure embedded with the sensor is inserted into the bottom of the pressboard connecting piece. The other end of the L-shaped shell structure is fixedly connected with the bottom plate. The bottom plate is provided with a magnet and is adsorbed to the screen cabinet panel of the pressboard through the magnet. The monitoring system comprises an acquisition unit based on the acquisition device, a collection unit in wired communication with the acquisition unit, a management machine in wired communication with the collection unit through a trusted WLAN network and a monitoring master station. The application can realize efficient and safe pressboard state acquisition. The trusted WLAN network and wired communication are adopted to realize safe and reliable substation communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power system relay protection secondary equipment monitoring technology, specifically relating to a non-contact pressure plate status acquisition device and pressure plate status monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] The statements herein provide only background information relevant to this invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] With the widespread adoption of remote centralized monitoring and unmanned operation modes for substations, centralized data transmission and unified management have become an inevitable trend. However, the current monitoring of the position and status of substation switchboards still relies on manual methods. This management method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and carries the risk of incorrect or missed activation / deactivation.

[0004] The traditional monitoring and management of substation switchboard status has the following problems:

[0005] (1) There is a risk of large-scale power outages due to the failure or misoperation of the protection pressure plate;

[0006] (2) Manually checking the status of the protective pressure plate is labor-intensive and has low accuracy.

[0007] (3) The operation of putting on and taking off the pressure plate relies entirely on the on-site personnel to refer to the pressure plate putting on and taking off table and operating procedures, and there are no effective technical means to prevent mistakes.

[0008] (4) With the development of the transformation of the protection professional intelligent mode, centralized information transmission and unified management have become the trend. The status information of the substation hard plate, as an important part of equipment status monitoring, also urgently needs to be included in centralized management.

[0009] Currently, to meet the needs of unmanned substation operation and remote centralized equipment monitoring, higher requirements are placed on the breadth of substation equipment information collection, the depth of equipment sensing capabilities, and the dimensions of equipment operation and maintenance management. Existing technologies employ online monitoring devices for pressure plates to monitor their engagement and disengagement status in real time. Online monitoring enables rapid alarm and fault diagnosis, thereby reducing the workload of manual inspection and maintenance.

[0010] However, existing pressure plate status acquisition methods typically involve attaching magnetic components to the pressure plate connecting plate, requiring the installation of auxiliary kits on the connecting plate to obtain the current status of the pressure plate, such as... Figure 1 As shown. Because the relay protection circuit board is energized during operation, magnetic components are fitted onto the circuit board connecting plates using accessories to collect the circuit board status. This process carries the risk of accidentally opening or closing the circuit board and accidental electric shock, affecting the safe operation of the power system and the safety of personnel. Furthermore, installing the accessories after power is off is a complex, time-consuming, and labor-intensive process.

[0011] Furthermore, current substation power communication primarily utilizes wired connections and wireless public Wi-Fi. Wired connections are difficult to install, costly, lack flexibility, do not support mobile access, and are difficult to maintain, posing fire hazards. Wireless public Wi-Fi suffers from signal coverage blind spots, insufficient capacity to handle dense concurrent traffic, and network security issues that require further verification. All of these problems affect the effective and safe monitoring of substation circuit breaker status. Summary of the Invention

[0012] To address the aforementioned problems and deficiencies in existing technologies, this invention provides a non-contact pressure plate status acquisition device and pressure plate status monitoring system. This acquisition device can acquire the real-time status of the pressure plate without contacting the pressure plate connecting piece, avoiding the problems of accidental opening / closing of the pressure plate and accidental electric shock that can occur when using magnetic components for pressure plate status detection, thus improving safety performance. It employs a reliable WLAN network for substation communication, while also supporting wired communication for the monitoring system, making it more suitable for the complex application environment of substations and reducing construction difficulty and time. Online monitoring of the pressure plate status enables rapid alarms, resolving issues such as inconsistent pressure plate positions caused by human negligence, eliminating potential safety hazards, and ensuring the safe and reliable operation of substation secondary equipment.

[0013] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device.

[0014] A non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device includes a flat L-shaped housing structure and a base plate, with a sensor embedded at one end of the L-shaped housing structure.

[0015] The relay protection auxiliary switch group includes a pressure plate connecting piece. One end of the pressure plate connecting piece is connected to the first contact point and rotates around the first contact point. The other end of the pressure plate connecting piece is provided with a hanging hole and is connected to the second contact point through the hanging hole. One end of the L-shaped housing structure embeds a sensor into the bottom of the pressure plate connecting piece, which is connected to the first contact point and the second contact point respectively, and the sensor has no contact with the pressure plate connecting piece. The other end of the L-shaped housing structure is fixedly connected to the base plate. The base plate is provided with a magnet and is attracted to the panel of the pressure plate cabinet by the magnet.

[0016] A further technical solution is provided in which a photoelectric sensor board is provided inside the L-shaped housing structure, and a photoelectric sensor is provided on the photoelectric sensor board. The photoelectric sensor is embedded in the housing at one end of the L-shaped housing structure and is used to sense whether the pressure plate connecting piece is connected to the second contact point through the hanging hole.

[0017] In a further technical solution, the base plate is provided with a data acquisition unit board, the L-shaped housing structure is fixedly connected to the base plate, and the photoelectric sensor board inside the L-shaped housing structure is inserted into the data acquisition unit board;

[0018] The base plate has an opening on one side, and the acquisition unit board is connected to the external collection unit through the opening via a 485 bus.

[0019] In a further technical solution, the acquisition device also includes multiple L-shaped housing structures with the same structure. The multiple L-shaped housing structures are uniformly fixed on the base plate in sequence, and each L-shaped housing structure corresponds to a set of relay protection auxiliary switches. Each L-shaped housing structure is equipped with a photoelectric sensor board inside, and multiple photoelectric sensor boards are inserted into the acquisition unit board set inside the base plate.

[0020] Secondly, the present invention provides a pressure plate status monitoring system.

[0021] A pressure plate status monitoring system includes multiple acquisition units, multiple aggregation units, a management unit, and a monitoring master station; the substation includes multiple protection rooms, each protection room is equipped with an independent protection and control panel, each protection and control panel is equipped with an acquisition unit and an aggregation unit, and a management unit is deployed throughout the substation;

[0022] The acquisition unit includes the non-contact pressure plate status acquisition device proposed in the first aspect, which is used to acquire pressure plate status data in real time; the acquisition unit transmits the pressure plate status data to the aggregation unit via wired transmission, the aggregation unit transmits the pressure plate status data to the management unit via a trusted WLAN network and wired transmission, and the management unit then transmits the pressure plate status data to the monitoring master station.

[0023] In a further technical solution, the aggregation unit interacts with the management unit through a trusted WLAN network. The trusted WLAN network includes a core layer and an access layer. The access layer includes multiple wireless access devices (APs) deployed in the substation and AP access switches connected to the wireless access devices. The access layer includes an authentication server (AS), an access controller (AC), and a network management platform.

[0024] The aggregation unit, acting as a terminal STA, wirelessly accesses the wireless access device AP. It then uploads the pressure plate status data collected by the terminal STA to the management unit via the AP access switch. Before uploading the data, the terminal STA undergoes trusted WAPI authentication through the access layer.

[0025] A further technical solution is that the trusted WAPI authentication process includes: the wireless access device (AP) uploads the terminal (STA) and its own local certificate to the authentication server (AS) for identity authentication, and verifies the authentication result returned by the authentication server (AS). Data transmission is only performed after successful verification.

[0026] In a further technical solution, the access layer also includes a wireless terminal access device (CPE) and a terminal WAPI module. The aggregation unit is connected to the CPE via a wired connection and acts as a terminal STA. It uploads the pressure plate status data collected by the terminal STA to the management unit through the AP access switch, and performs trusted WAPI authentication of the terminal STA by combining the terminal WAPI module between the uploaded data.

[0027] In a further technical solution, the management unit compares the real-time pressure plate status data of each protection and control panel cabinet with the historical status benchmark value. If a status change occurs in the real-time pressure plate status data, it is uploaded to the monitoring master station for alarm. If no status change occurs, the real-time pressure plate status data is sent to the monitoring master station according to the set time period.

[0028] In a further technical solution, the management unit is also used to count the number of packet losses and communication anomaly times of the above data of each acquisition device in the substation in real time, and to judge the communication anomaly based on the statistical data. If the communication anomaly is judged, an alarm is issued and the location of the abnormal acquisition device is located in the protection and control cabinet.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. This invention proposes a non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device, which adopts an inverted "L" shape design, inserting the sensor into the bottom of the pressure plate connecting piece, avoiding contact with the pressure plate connecting piece. It can acquire the real-time status of the pressure plate without contacting the pressure plate connecting piece. This acquisition device can be installed while energized without affecting the normal operation of the pressure plate. It avoids the problems of accidental opening and closing of the pressure plate and accidental electric shock that may occur when the pressure plate status needs to be sleeved with magnetic components during pressure plate status detection. It is beneficial to improve the efficiency of pressure plate status acquisition and the convenience, speed and safety of construction.

[0031] 2. This invention proposes a pressure plate status monitoring system, which effectively realizes real-time acquisition and online monitoring of the pressure plate's on / off status in substations, intelligently judges whether the pressure plate status is normal, and promptly issues alarm information when abnormalities occur. This reduces the workload of manual inspection and maintenance, solves problems such as inconsistent pressure plate positions caused by human negligence, eliminates potential safety hazards, and ensures the safe and reliable operation of substation secondary equipment. Simultaneously, it records pressure plate status changes and realizes protection operation status management, ensuring correct protection actions and the safety of the main power grid. This invention transmits pressure plate status data to the monitoring master station in real time, expands advanced applications based on the control cloud, and realizes data interaction with systems such as PMS and secondary equipment online monitoring, achieving online monitoring, automatic inspection, and intelligent diagnosis of substation pressure plate status, thus improving the online monitoring system for secondary equipment.

[0032] 3. In the pressure plate status monitoring system proposed in this invention, the substation communication method combines wired communication and trusted WLAN network communication, making it more suitable for the complex application environment of the substation site and reducing construction difficulty and cycle. Identity authentication is performed during communication, enabling corresponding security protection functions at the terminal access point. Moreover, the power grid security identity authentication can cover all terminals, solving the problem that the existing power grid security identity authentication system only targets smart terminals and the master station and cannot fully cover all terminals. Through the above communication settings, the real-time collected pressure plate status data is transmitted through the station network, and data transmission to the external network is not allowed, avoiding the risk of data leakage and providing high security and confidentiality. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a conventional pressure plate status acquisition device;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device after installation according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device described in this invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device described in this invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure plate status monitoring system of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the wireless communication principle of the pressure plate status monitoring system described in this invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the wireless communication connection of the pressure plate status monitoring system described in this invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is another connection diagram of the wireless communication of the pressure plate status monitoring system described in this invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the wired communication principle of the pressure plate status monitoring system described in this invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the wired communication connection of the pressure plate status monitoring system described in this invention;

[0044] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the management unit in the pressure plate status monitoring system of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the overall framework for data transmission in the pressure plate status monitoring system described in this invention.

[0046] Among them, 1. First contact point; 2. Second contact point; 3. Pressure plate connecting piece; 4. Magnetic component; 5. L-shaped housing structure; 6. Sensor; 7. Hanging hole; 8. Screen cabinet panel; 9. Base plate; 10. Magnet fixing groove. Detailed Implementation

[0047] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0048] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the auxiliary switchboard in the relay protection device is equipped with multiple auxiliary switch groups. Each auxiliary switch group includes a first contact point 1, a second contact point 2, and a pressure plate connecting piece 3, and each auxiliary switch group corresponds to a tag. Existing pressure plate status acquisition typically involves attaching a magnetic component 4 to the pressure plate connecting piece 3 to obtain the current status of the pressure plate.

[0051] Using existing pressure plate status acquisition devices (i.e., sleeved magnetic components) for pressure plate status acquisition presents certain safety issues. Therefore, this embodiment discloses a non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the data acquisition device includes a flat L-shaped housing structure 5, with a sensor 6 embedded at one end. One end of the relay protection pressure plate connecting piece 3 is connected to the first contact point 1 and can rotate along the first contact point 1. The other end of the pressure plate connecting piece 3 is provided with a hanging hole 7 and is connected to the second contact point 2 through the hanging hole 7. Further, one end of the L-shaped housing structure 5 embedded with the sensor 6 extends into the bottom of the pressure plate connecting piece 3, whose two ends are respectively connected to the first contact point 1 and the second contact point 2. The other end of the L-shaped housing structure 5 is fixedly connected to the base plate 9. The base plate is provided with a magnet and is attracted to the panel 8 of the pressure plate by the magnet. In this embodiment, the above-mentioned sensor is a photoelectric sensor, which collects the connection status of the pressure plate connecting piece through photoelectric sensing.

[0052] Furthermore, during the installation of the non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device, since the sensor is always inserted into the bottom of the pressure plate connecting piece, the sensor and the pressure plate connecting piece are never in contact. This avoids the safety risks of accidental opening and closing of the pressure plate and electric shock caused by installing auxiliary kits on the pressure plate connecting piece. It can be installed while energized and will not affect the operating status of the pressure plate.

[0053] Furthermore, the aforementioned sensor is used to sense whether the pressure plate connecting piece is connected to the second contact point through the hanging hole. When one end of the pressure plate connecting piece rotates along the first contact point and the hanging hole at the other end of the pressure plate connecting piece is not connected to the second contact point, the sensor senses that the pressure plate connecting piece is not connected to the second contact point through the hanging hole, and detects that the pressure plate is in the withdrawn state. Conversely, when one end of the pressure plate connecting piece rotates along the first contact point and the hanging hole at the other end of the pressure plate connecting piece is connected to the second contact point, the sensor senses that the pressure plate connecting piece is connected to the second contact point through the hanging hole, and detects that the pressure plate is in the engaged state.

[0054] Furthermore, the sensor embedded at one end of the L-shaped housing structure refers to the presence of a photoelectric sensor board inside the L-shaped housing structure. This photoelectric sensor board contains a photoelectric induction sensor, which is embedded in the housing at one end of the L-shaped housing structure to collect the connection status of the pressure plate connecting piece, thereby obtaining the pressure plate status. The aforementioned base plate 9 contains a data acquisition unit board. The L-shaped housing structure is fixedly connected to the base plate, and the photoelectric sensor board inside the L-shaped housing structure is directly inserted into the data acquisition unit board. An opening is provided on one side of the base plate 9, through which the data acquisition unit board connects to the external collection unit via a 485 bus.

[0055] Furthermore, the sensor detects whether the hanging hole at one end of the pressure plate connecting piece is connected to the second contact point, thereby detecting the engagement or disengagement status of the pressure plate, and transmitting the status signal in the form of high and low levels to the acquisition unit board. The acquisition unit board then converts the level signal into a message and sends it to the aggregation unit.

[0056] Considering that auxiliary switchboards in relay protection devices typically have multiple uniformly distributed and identical auxiliary switch groups, the acquisition device proposed in this embodiment includes multiple L-shaped housing structures with the same structure. These L-shaped housing structures are sequentially and uniformly fixed on the base plate 9, with each L-shaped housing structure corresponding to a set of auxiliary switch groups. Each L-shaped housing structure contains a photoelectric sensor board, and these photoelectric sensor boards are directly plugged into the acquisition unit board.

[0057] As another implementation method, each L-shaped shell structure is provided with a magnet fixing groove 10 at the connection between it and the base plate. Magnets are provided in the magnet fixing grooves at both ends and the middle of the base plate. On the one hand, the magnets can be directly attached to the screen panel of the pressure plate without the need for drilling holes, which simplifies the construction and installation process and improves construction efficiency. On the other hand, it can reduce the amount of magnets used while ensuring fixation, thereby reducing costs.

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, multiple L-shaped housing structures in the acquisition device are inserted into the gaps between pairs of multiple auxiliary switch groups. The acquisition device is then moved to one side, so that one end of each L-shaped housing structure is embedded in the sensor and protrudes into the bottom of the pressure plate connecting piece, which is connected to the first contact point and the second contact point respectively. During this process, the sensor and the pressure plate connecting piece are never in contact. The other end of each L-shaped housing structure is fixedly connected to the base plate. The connection between the base plate and each L-shaped housing structure is provided with a magnet fixing groove. Magnets are provided in the magnet fixing grooves at both ends and the middle of the base plate. The magnets attract the sensor to the panel of the pressure plate. The sensor senses the rotation state of the pressure plate connecting piece and detects whether the hanging hole at one end of the pressure plate connecting piece is connected to the second contact point. This detects the engagement or disengagement state of the pressure plate and transmits the status signal in the form of high and low levels to the acquisition unit board in the base plate. The acquisition unit board then converts the level signal into a message and sends it to the collection unit.

[0059] The non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device proposed in this embodiment adopts an inverted "L" shape design, inserting the sensor into the bottom of the pressure plate connecting piece, avoiding contact with the pressure plate connecting piece. This acquisition device can be installed while energized, without affecting the normal operation of the pressure plate, and will not erroneously open or close the pressure plate. It is beneficial to improve the efficiency of pressure plate status acquisition and the convenience, speed and safety of construction.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] Pressure plate condition monitoring requires collecting pressure plate status data from various compartments within the substation and transmitting the collected data to a management unit, which then uploads it to the substation's backend or the provincial dispatch center. This communication transmission process involves the routing of communication lines between the various compartments within the substation. Under power-on conditions, there is a risk of drilling into high-voltage cabinets, and routing between buildings results in a complex amount of construction work. These factors are among the main reasons hindering the widespread adoption of pressure plate condition monitoring in substations.

[0062] Therefore, this embodiment proposes a pressure plate status monitoring system based on wireless encrypted transmission, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the system includes: multiple acquisition units, multiple aggregation units, a management unit and a monitoring master station; the substation includes multiple protection rooms, each protection room is equipped with an independent protection and control panel cabinet, each protection and control panel cabinet is equipped with an acquisition unit and an aggregation unit, and a management unit is deployed throughout the substation.

[0063] The acquisition unit includes the non-contact pressure plate status acquisition device proposed in Example 1, which is used to acquire pressure plate status data in real time. The acquisition unit transmits the pressure plate status data to the collection unit via wired transmission. The collection unit communicates with each acquisition unit via RS485 bus and accesses the pressure plate status data of different acquisition units. The collection unit transmits the pressure plate status data to the management unit via a trusted WLAN network and wired transmission (such as CAN communication interface). Furthermore, the aggregation unit is installed on the panel where the protective pressure plate is located. It sends the pressure plate status data of the panel to the management unit and receives configuration or remote control commands issued by the management unit to the acquisition unit. The acquisition unit is installed on the cabinet where the protective pressure plate is located. It sends the pressure plate status data collected by the current acquisition unit to the upper level and collects the current status of the monitored pressure plate in real time. The management unit then converts the pressure plate status data into a CIME file through the secondary equipment monitoring substation or through the waveform recording network system, and sends it to the monitoring master station through the IEC61850 communication protocol. Alternatively, it can realize the summary and display of the pressure plate status data of the entire station at the station control layer, and realize operations such as viewing and verifying the status of the pressure plates of the entire station. At the same time, the management unit can communicate bidirectionally with the aggregation unit through a trusted WLAN or wired connection.

[0064] The aforementioned online monitoring technology for substation pressure plate status enables comprehensive monitoring, change recording, anomaly alarms, and protection operation status management, ensuring correct protection operation and the safety of the power grid. Furthermore, pressure plate status data is transmitted in real-time to the monitoring master station (i.e., the control center database). Leveraging the control cloud, advanced applications are expanded to enable data interaction with systems such as PMS and secondary equipment online monitoring, achieving online monitoring, automatic inspection, and intelligent diagnosis of substation pressure plate status, thus improving the secondary equipment online monitoring system.

[0065] Considering the numerous problems existing in current substation power communication, and given the varying sizes, voltage levels, number of protection rooms, number of circuit breakers, number of circuit breakers per panel, and distances from each protection room to the communication room, a comprehensive solution for collecting circuit breaker data across the entire substation needs to be developed to adapt to different site conditions. Therefore, this embodiment proposes a wired and wireless compatible communication method.

[0066] When using a wired connection, the installation location of the management unit needs to be considered. Typically, the management unit is installed in a cabinet in the communication room close to the switch, or in a protection room. Therefore, in cases involving multiple protection rooms, the wired solution must consider the delay and attenuation of the transmission cable, requiring the use of shielded twisted-pair cables for the wired connection, with a transmission distance of at least 500 meters. Therefore, in this embodiment, if... Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the aggregation unit connects to the Ethernet via a CAN bus or RS485 bus, and then connects to the management unit via a switch, achieving communication with the management unit through a wired connection. Specifically, when the distance between the field protection room and the management unit is less than 500 meters, a direct cable connection is used; if it exceeds 500 meters, a backup optical fiber or fiber optic cable is used for communication, and photoelectric conversion modules are added on both sides to complete the signal conversion.

[0067] When using a wireless method, considering network security, this embodiment uses a trusted WLAN network at the station control layer for transmission, i.e., as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the aggregation unit forwards the signal through the trusted network of the station control layer via the trusted module, and the management unit obtains the pressure plate status data of each aggregation unit through the trusted switch connected to the substation.

[0068] Trusted WLAN adopts the WAPI authentication standard, a national standard for wireless local area networks (GB15629.11-2003). WAPI was developed to address security vulnerabilities in WEP and mainly consists of two parts: WAI (WLAN authentication infrastructure) and WPI (WLAN privacy infrastructure). WAI defines security schemes for authentication and key management in wireless WLANs, while WPI defines security schemes for data transmission protection, including data encryption, authentication, and replay protection. The WAPI standard uses the SM4 block cipher algorithm (GM / T 0002-2012, formerly known as the SMS4 block cipher algorithm), the ECDSA elliptic curve digital signature algorithm, and the ECDH key exchange algorithm. Trusted WLAN, using the WAPI authentication standard, is a wireless network security standard based on the 802.11 wireless protocol. Trusted WLAN technology, while replacing traditional WiFi communication technology, meets the requirements of security compliance and independent controllability.

[0069] Trusted WLAN technology can serve as an effective supplement to power communication networks. Trusted WLAN wireless access is a wireless access deployment based on power fiber optic private networks, which is equivalent to power wireless private networks and has stronger performance in terms of security and communication quality.

[0070] In this embodiment, the aggregation unit interacts with the management unit through a trusted WLAN network. The trusted WLAN network includes a core layer and an access layer. The access layer includes multiple wireless access devices (APs) deployed in the substation and AP access switches connected to the wireless access devices. The access layer also includes an authentication server (AS), an access controller (AC), and a network management platform.

[0071] The aforementioned authentication server (AS) primarily includes WAPI certificate issuance and management functions, as well as authentication and verification functions, capable of verifying the legitimacy of certificates. The aforementioned wireless access controller (AC) mainly implements centralized control and management of WAPI base stations and WAPI CPEs, and provides authentication and monitoring management for terminal access. The aforementioned network management platform has alarm management, performance management, configuration management, topology management, security management, and user management functions. By integrating the wireless access controller (AC), wireless access points (APs), terminal access modules / devices, and other devices with wired network equipment for centralized management, network administrators can have a comprehensive grasp of all network device information and status at any time.

[0072] Wireless access points (APs) enable wireless terminals to access the network. The AP connects to the terminal (STA) wirelessly, participates in trusted authentication, and uploads the data collected by the terminal to the upper-layer service platform. It supports wireless protocols such as 802.11 a / b / g / n / ac / ax, as well as the national standard WAPI authentication. The private key and certificate are stored using a domestically developed encryption chip to ensure the security of the authentication process and the security of the private key and certificate.

[0073] In this embodiment, as Figure 7 As shown, the aggregation unit, acting as a terminal STA, connects to the wireless access device AP wirelessly. The AP access switch uploads the pressure plate status data collected by the terminal STA to the management unit. Before uploading the data, the terminal STA undergoes trusted WAPI authentication through the access layer.

[0074] The aforementioned trusted WAPI authentication process is as follows: The wireless access device (AP) uploads the terminal (STA) and its own local certificate to the authentication server (AS) for identity authentication, verifies the authentication result returned by the authentication server (AS), and transmits data only after the legitimacy of the STA is successfully verified.

[0075] Furthermore, the trusted WAPI authentication process specifically includes: when the STA associates with the AP, the AP sends an authentication activation packet to the STA to activate and trigger the WAPI two-way certificate authentication process; in this step, the STA needs to encapsulate its local certificate and send it to the AP. When the AP receives the access authentication request packet sent by the STA, the AP adds its local certificate to the data packet to form a certificate authentication request packet and sends it to the AS; the AS verifies the certificate information in the certificate authentication request packet to determine whether the identities of the STA and the AP are legitimate, signs the verification result, encapsulates the certificate authentication response packet, and sends it back to the AP; the AP verifies the data in the certificate authentication response packet, determines whether the identities of the STA and the AS are legitimate, signs and verifies the access authentication response message, encapsulates the access authentication response packet, and sends it back to the STA; after receiving the access authentication response packet returned by the AP, the STA parses and verifies the data, and determines the legitimacy of the AP and the legitimacy of this access based on the verification result.

[0076] As another implementation method, such as Figure 8 As shown, the access layer also includes a wireless terminal access device (CPE) and a terminal WAPI module; the aggregation unit connects to the wireless terminal access device (CPE) via a wired connection and acts as a terminal (STA). It uploads the pressure plate status data collected by the terminal STA to the management unit through the AP access switch, and performs trusted WAPI authentication of the terminal STA by combining the terminal WAPI module between the uploaded data.

[0077] Wireless Premises Equipment (CPE) and terminal WAPI modules are wireless access devices primarily designed for terminal devices in service environments that lack built-in WAPI functionality. These devices, lacking WAPI capability, cannot access trusted networks. Terminal devices connect to the CPE via a wired connection, enabling the CPE to establish a connection with the trusted network. These devices support wireless protocols such as 802.11 a / b / g / n / ac / ax, and support the national standard WAPI authentication. Private keys and certificates are stored using domestically developed encryption chips, ensuring the security of the authentication process and the security of private keys and certificates. Connecting these devices ensures convenient and quick access to trusted wireless networks for power terminals. The CPE devices are compact, easy to install and deploy, and well-suited for power data transmission service environments.

[0078] In summary, this embodiment employs the aforementioned trusted WLAN technology, which enables corresponding security protection functions to be implemented upon terminal access. Furthermore, the power grid security identity authentication can cover all terminals, solving the problem that the existing power grid security identity authentication system only targets smart terminals and the master station and cannot fully cover all terminals.

[0079] The system proposed in this embodiment supports trusted WLAN wireless access devices (APs). In service scenarios such as substations, WLAN APs are deployed to cover indoor and outdoor areas. Outdoor APs with external omnidirectional antennas are used for coverage, ensuring 100% wireless signal coverage across all service scenarios, including inspection routes and areas where critical power equipment is located during routine inspections and operations. For security reasons, the WAPI standard is used for authentication and data encryption of wireless terminals accessing the WLAN network. Terminal access authentication uses two-way certificate authentication, and data encryption uses the national cryptographic algorithm SMS4, thus achieving 100% secure wireless signal transmission.

[0080] In addition, the system also supports CPE wireless terminal access devices for trusted WLAN. The CPE connects to the service terminal via wire as a STA and accesses the substation's trusted WLAN network through 2.4G & 5G wireless signals. To ensure normal, uninterrupted, and packet-free data transmission for various services and to meet the mobility, real-time, and high bandwidth requirements of new services such as mobile inspection and visual operations, the CPE must implement lossless roaming technology, achieving a roaming handover time of 50ms and a theoretical air interface transmission latency of 20ms, with no service interruption during the handover process.

[0081] Furthermore, the pressure plate status monitoring system proposed in this embodiment has an intelligent verification function. The management unit receives real-time pressure plate status data from each protection and control cabinet from the collection unit once per second. It compares the collected status data with historical status benchmark values. If a status change occurs in the real-time pressure plate status data, it uploads the data to the monitoring master station for alarm purposes. If no status change occurs, it sends the real-time pressure plate status data (or only sends a heartbeat signal) to the monitoring master station according to a set time period (10 seconds in this embodiment). Additionally, the administrator can match the corresponding acquisition device in the "Set Value Configuration" interface of the management unit's backend and set the current status of the pressure plate under normal operating conditions as its benchmark value by clicking "One-click Set Benchmark Value." After this, if the pressure plate status changes, the corresponding pressure plate will flash on the backend monitoring page to alert the operator that the pressure plate status has changed, thus prompting the operator to find the problem. If the pressure plate change is a normal system adjustment, the current status can be set as the benchmark value again.

[0082] In addition, the pressure plate status monitoring system proposed in this embodiment also has management and configuration functions. It can be modeled according to the protection cabinet in the substation to support relay protection devices and acquisition devices, which facilitates the location of equipment. It can automatically scan the acquisition devices in the CAN network, extract the acquisition device identification and internal acquisition point information codes, and support naming each acquisition device to facilitate viewing and management by operators. The management unit can also configure the pressure plate type, name and purpose according to the secondary circuit drawings.

[0083] The pressure plate status monitoring system proposed in this embodiment also has a storage function, which can record all pressure plate status change records and device abnormal alarm records. The records can be classified according to the screen body, pressure plate, etc., and sorted by time, which facilitates query and accident tracing and improves the lean management level of pressure plates.

[0084] The aforementioned management unit is also used to count the number of packet losses and communication anomaly times of each data acquisition device in the substation in real time. Based on the statistical data, it makes judgments on communication anomalies. If a communication anomaly is judged, it issues an alarm and locates the protection and control cabinet where the abnormal data acquisition device is located, notifying the operators to handle it in time and check the corresponding equipment.

[0085] The pressure plate status monitoring system hardware platform proposed in this embodiment adopts a domestic embedded hardware platform design, with all components being domestically produced, meeting the requirements of independent control. The system operating system adopts an embedded Linux real-time multi-tasking operating system platform, employing a component-based software system structure, which greatly improves the reliability of the software system and ensures that the entire device has excellent overall performance. It adopts hierarchical distributed multi-CPU parallel technology, with reasonable functional distribution, compact structure, easy expansion, and fully ensures that the device has powerful data throughput and processing capabilities, realizing a high-performance, high-reliability, and low-energy-consumption integrated industrial-grade design.

[0086] The management unit in the pressure plate status monitoring system is developed based on a dedicated power grid processor to meet the needs of industrial-grade power grid applications. The management unit transmits the real-time status of the hard pressure plates to the provincial dispatch center via secondary equipment monitoring substations or a waveform recording network system, converting the data into CIME files. It also communicates bidirectionally with the aggregation unit via WLAN or wired connections. Figure 11 As shown, the management unit, powered by the 860 core of the Fuxi processor, performs data reception, management, and uploading to the main station. This unit mainly comprises six modules: data reception, data buffering, communication module, setpoint management, historical data, and signal indication. The functions of each module are as follows:

[0087] 1) Data receiving module: Receives pressure plate status data from each collection unit via wired or wireless means;

[0088] 2) Data caching module: Based on the current setpoint data, cache the uploaded pressure plate status data and store historical data;

[0089] 3) IEC61850 module: Based on the model file, update the received information of each pressure plate and send it to the main station;

[0090] 4) Fixed value management module: Manages fixed values ​​based on the issued collection unit and acquisition unit ID numbers;

[0091] 5) Historical data module: Stored together with fixed value information in daily, weekly, and monthly reports;

[0092] 6) Signal indication module: used to indicate the current communication status, terminal operation status, etc.

[0093] The aggregation unit in the pressure plate status monitoring system is installed on each panel. It can communicate with the management unit via a trusted WLAN module or a CAN bus to transmit the pressure plate status data of that panel to the management unit. It also receives configuration or remote control commands from the management unit and transmits them to the acquisition unit. In this embodiment, the aggregation unit's hardware MCU uses a GD32 processor, enabling communication with the management unit via both wired and wireless methods.

[0094] The two installation methods are as follows:

[0095] 1) Wired method

[0096] Power supply: Bus power supply -- leads to terminal block, and power is led out from the terminal block to the module;

[0097] Location: Installed at the back of the screen cabinet and fixed to the screen cabinet.

[0098] 2) Wireless method

[0099] Power supply: It consists of a power supply and a WAPI module, with power drawn from inside the cabinet;

[0100] Location: The power supply is fixed at the back of the cabinet and converted to 24V output; the WAPI module is fixed at the front of the cabinet.

[0101] The acquisition unit in the pressure plate status monitoring system is installed on the cabinet protecting the pressure plate. It sends the pressure plate status data collected by the acquisition unit upwards and collects the current status data of the monitored pressure plate in real time downwards. In this embodiment, the hardware MCU of the acquisition unit also uses a GD32 processor.

[0102] A pressure plate status monitoring system (including several pressure plate acquisition units, aggregation units, and a management unit) is deployed at the plant / station level to complete real-time acquisition of pressure plate status. The management unit uploads the data according to a standard information model, utilizing existing secondary equipment online monitoring and fault recording network, forwarding it to the provincial dispatch center via the municipal company's main station. Furthermore, the provincial dispatch center transmits the pressure plate information to the control cloud platform and PMS3.0 via forward isolation. Based on the control cloud and PMS3.0, applications such as protection pressure plate status display, consistency verification and anomaly alarms, standard status management of pressure plate activation / deactivation lists, communication monitoring, and statistics are deployed. Control, maintenance, and operation personnel at all levels can view the activation / deactivation status of the pressure plates in real time through advanced applications on remote terminals, and conduct remote pressure plate verification and inspection.

[0103] like Figure 12 As shown, the pressure plate status monitoring system's data acquisition process is divided into four vertical stages: pressure plate information acquisition within the panel, pressure plate information aggregation within the station, pressure plate information uploading, and pressure plate information application. Its management unit uploads pressure plate information using the IEC61850 information model and transmission protocol. This uploading path has three horizontal paths:

[0104] 1) Transmitted using the secondary equipment online monitoring and analysis system: Pressure plate status monitoring system (management unit) → Secondary equipment online monitoring substation → Municipal company secondary equipment online monitoring master station → Provincial dispatch secondary equipment online monitoring master station → Control cloud application;

[0105] 2) Transmission via fault recording network system: Pressure plate status monitoring system (management unit) → Municipal company recording network master station → Provincial dispatching recording network master station → Control cloud application;

[0106] 3) Utilize trusted WLAN and Zone IV network for transmission: Pressure plate status monitoring system (management unit) → Information intranet → Provincial dispatch pressure plate status acquisition server Zone III → Dispatch cloud application.

[0107] The pressure plate status monitoring system proposed in this embodiment improves the communication transmission method of substations. The pressure plate status data collected in real time are transmitted through the station network and data transmission to the external network is not allowed, thus avoiding the risk of data leakage and providing high security and confidentiality.

[0108] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device, characterized in that, It includes a flat L-shaped housing structure and a base plate, with a sensor embedded at one end of the L-shaped housing structure; The relay protection auxiliary switch group includes a pressure plate connecting piece. One end of the pressure plate connecting piece is connected to the first contact point and rotates around the first contact point. The other end of the pressure plate connecting piece is provided with a hanging hole and is connected to the second contact point through the hanging hole. One end of the L-shaped housing structure embeds the sensor and extends into the bottom of the pressure plate connecting piece, which is connected to the first contact point and the second contact point respectively, without the sensor making contact with the pressure plate connecting piece; the other end of the L-shaped housing structure is fixedly connected to the base plate, and the base plate is equipped with a magnet and is attracted to the panel of the pressure plate by the magnet. The L-shaped housing structure has a photoelectric sensor board inside, and a photoelectric sensor is installed on the photoelectric sensor board. The photoelectric sensor is embedded in the housing at one end of the L-shaped housing structure and is used to sense whether the pressure plate connecting piece is connected to the second contact point through the hanging hole. The base plate has a data acquisition unit board inside, the L-shaped housing structure is fixedly connected to the base plate, and the photoelectric sensor board inside the L-shaped housing structure is inserted into the data acquisition unit board. The sensor detects whether the hanging hole at one end of the pressure plate connecting piece is connected to the second contact point, thereby detecting the pressure plate's engagement or disengagement status. The status signal is transmitted to the acquisition unit board in the form of high and low levels. The acquisition unit board then converts the level signal into a message and sends it to the aggregation unit. The aggregation unit sends the pressure plate status data to the management unit through both trusted WLAN network and wired transmission.

2. The non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The base plate has an opening on one side, and the acquisition unit board is connected to the external collection unit through the opening via a 485 bus.

3. The non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition device also includes multiple L-shaped housing structures with the same structure. The multiple L-shaped housing structures are uniformly fixed on the base plate in sequence, and each L-shaped housing structure corresponds to a set of relay protection auxiliary switches. Each L-shaped housing structure is equipped with a photoelectric sensor board inside, and multiple photoelectric sensor boards are inserted into the acquisition unit board set inside the base plate.

4. A pressure plate status monitoring system, based on a non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It includes multiple acquisition units, multiple aggregation units, a management unit, and a monitoring master station; the substation includes multiple protection rooms, each protection room is equipped with an independent protection and control panel, each protection and control panel is equipped with an acquisition unit and an aggregation unit, and a management unit is deployed throughout the entire substation; The acquisition unit includes a non-contact relay protection pressure plate status acquisition device as described in any one of claims 1-3, used to acquire pressure plate status data in real time; the acquisition unit transmits the pressure plate status data to the aggregation unit via wired transmission, the aggregation unit transmits the pressure plate status data to the management unit via a trusted WLAN network and wired transmission, and the management unit then transmits the pressure plate status data to the monitoring master station.

5. The pressure plate condition monitoring system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The aggregation unit interacts with the management unit through a trusted WLAN network. The trusted WLAN network includes a core layer and an access layer. The access layer includes multiple wireless access devices (APs) deployed in the substation and AP access switches connected to the wireless access devices. The access layer also includes an authentication server (AS), an access controller (AC), and a network management platform. The aggregation unit, acting as a terminal STA, wirelessly accesses the wireless access device AP. It then uploads the pressure plate status data collected by the terminal STA to the management unit via the AP access switch. Before uploading the data, the terminal STA undergoes trusted WAPI authentication through the access layer.

6. The pressure plate condition monitoring system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The trusted WAPI authentication process includes: the wireless access device (AP) uploads the terminal (STA) and its local certificate to the authentication server (AS) for identity authentication, and verifies the authentication result returned by the authentication server (AS). Data transmission is only performed after successful verification.

7. The pressure plate condition monitoring system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The access layer also includes a wireless terminal access device (CPE) and a terminal WAPI module. The aggregation unit is connected to the CPE via a wired connection and acts as a terminal STA. It uploads the pressure plate status data collected by the terminal STA to the management unit through the AP access switch, and performs trusted WAPI authentication of the terminal STA by combining the terminal WAPI module between the uploaded data.

8. The pressure plate condition monitoring system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The management unit compares the real-time pressure plate status data of each protection and control panel cabinet with the historical status benchmark value. If a status change occurs in the real-time pressure plate status data, it uploads the data to the monitoring master station to trigger an alarm. If no status change occurs, it sends the real-time pressure plate status data to the monitoring master station according to the set time period.

9. The pressure plate condition monitoring system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The management unit is also used to count the number of packet losses and communication anomaly times of the above data of each acquisition device in the substation in real time, and to judge the communication anomaly based on the statistical data. If the communication anomaly is judged, an alarm is issued and the location of the abnormal acquisition device is located in the protection and control cabinet.

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