Dual-polarized pattern synthesis method, device and equipment based on polarization coding array

Abstract

The application relates to a dual-polarized pattern synthesis method, device and equipment based on a polarization coding array, which comprises the following steps: dividing the main lobe area and the side lobe area of a full-array pattern corresponding to the array aperture size and the array element grid data of an antenna under the given beam pointing direction; performing dimension reduction processing on a horizontal polarization coding matrix and a vertical polarization coding matrix obtained by modeling to obtain corresponding polarization coding vectors; under the constraint of the center symmetry principle, establishing a target function with the half-array polarization coding vectors corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vectors or the vertical polarization coding vectors as variables and the peak side lobe level of the horizontal polarization pattern or the peak side lobe level of the vertical horizontal polarization pattern as the target function; solving the target function by using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of the half-array polarization coding vectors; and transforming the optimal solution according to the center symmetry complement to obtain a dual-polarized pattern synthesis result. The dual-polarized pattern obtained by using the method has good low side lobe performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a dual-polarization pattern synthesis method, apparatus and device based on a polarization coding array. Background Technology

[0002] Polarized phased arrays possess both polarization and spatial degrees of freedom, significantly enhancing the target measurement and anti-jamming capabilities of radar systems. However, developing such systems is costly. Traditional polarized phased array architectures typically employ dual-polarized antenna elements, with each polarization port connected to a single radio frequency channel. Compared to a single-polarized phased array with the same aperture, the number of components in its T / R assembly doubles, making it unsuitable for cost-sensitive applications. The cost issue of polarized phased arrays places increasingly higher demands on the cost-effectiveness of array architectures. One solution is sparse array design, which reduces the number of channels by removing some array elements. However, the trade-off for array sparseness is a reduction in antenna gain, which may prevent polarized phased array radars from operating in low signal-to-noise ratio environments after adopting a sparse design. Therefore, a polarized array architecture design that balances cost and performance is currently a hot topic and a challenge in the field of polarized phased array research.

[0003] Polarization-coded arrays represent a novel, low-cost architecture for realizing polarization phased arrays. Their design philosophy can be summarized as follows: using polarization-tunable T / R components, the polarization state of each antenna element is encoded, activating either the horizontal or vertical polarization ports of each dual-polarization antenna element. Since the dual-polarization ports of each element share a single channel, the number of T / R components required for polarization-coded arrays can be reduced by 50% compared to traditional architectures, significantly lowering costs. Existing research has also demonstrated that by encoding and controlling the port excitation of dual-polarization antenna elements, the transmit and receive beams of the array can achieve arbitrary time-division multiplexing of polarization. Furthermore, under specific polarization states, the antenna gain of the array is indistinguishable from that of a fully charged array. However, no work has yet explored simultaneous dual-polarization beamforming in this architecture, and the problem of synthesizing high-matching, low-sidelobe array patterns based on non-overlapping phase-center staggered arrays remains to be effectively solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method, apparatus, and device for dual-polarization pattern synthesis based on polarization-coded arrays that can be applied to polarization-coded arrays, enabling such array antennas to simultaneously form a set of highly matched, low-sidelobe dual-polarization beams within a certain scanning range.

[0005] A dual-polarity pattern synthesis method based on a polarization coding array, the method comprising: Obtain the antenna array aperture size and array element grid parameters, as well as the given beam direction; The polarization coding matrix to be solved is modeled based on the array aperture size and array element grid parameters of the antenna to obtain the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix corresponding to the horizontal polarization port excitation state and the vertical polarization port excitation state, respectively. Under the given beam direction, the full array radiation pattern corresponding to the array aperture size and array element grid data of the antenna is divided into main lobe region and side lobe region; After reconstructing the horizontal polarization coding matrix or the vertical polarization coding matrix, the corresponding horizontal polarization coding vector or vertical polarization coding vector is obtained. Under the constraint of the principle of centrosymmetry, based on the sidelobe regions divided on the full-array radiation pattern, an optimization model is established with the half-array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector as the variable, and the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization radiation pattern or the peak sidelobe level of the vertical polarization radiation pattern as the objective function. The optimization model is solved using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution for the half-array polarization coding vector. The optimal solution is then transformed according to the principle of central symmetry and complementarity to obtain the combined result of the dual-polarization pattern.

[0006] In one embodiment, both the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix are integer matrices of 0 or 1, and the sum of the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix is ​​a matrix of all 1s.

[0007] In one embodiment, the step of dividing the full array radiation pattern corresponding to the array aperture size and array element grid data of the antenna under the given beam direction includes: The peak sidelobe level is extracted based on the full array radiation pattern. The sampling points in the full array radiation pattern with normalized power less than or equal to the peak sidelobe level are classified as sidelobe regions, and the sampling points with normalized power greater than the peak sidelobe level are classified as main lobe regions.

[0008] In one embodiment, extracting the peak sidelobe level based on the full array radiation pattern includes: The full array radiation pattern is normalized, and the maximum value of the normalized full array radiation pattern under uniform sampling is extracted. The extracted maxima are sorted from largest to smallest, and the second largest maxima is taken as the peak sidelobe level of the full array pattern.

[0009] In one embodiment, the half-array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector satisfies: The number of array elements in the half-array polarization coding vector should be half the total number of array elements in the antenna; The half-array polarization coding vector cannot simultaneously contain two array elements located at the center-symmetric position of the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector.

[0010] In one embodiment, based on the sidelobe regions divided on the full-array radiation pattern, an optimization model is established that minimizes the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization pattern, using the half-array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vector as the variable. The optimization model is expressed as follows:

[0011] In the above formula, This represents the horizontal polarization pattern. Indicates the direction of the given beam. This represents the excitation state of the horizontal polarization port of the (m, n)th antenna element. This represents the sidelobe regions divided on the array pattern. This represents the horizontal polarization coding vector. This represents a half-array polarization coding vector. Represents the rotation transformation matrix. Represents the half-array polarization coding vector The array elements within.

[0012] In one embodiment, solving the optimization model using a genetic algorithm includes: The chromosome length is set to the number of elements in the half-array polarization coding vector. A half-array polarization coding vector of the preset population size is generated by a uniformly distributed 0 / 1 random number generator and used as the chromosome of the initial population. The chromosomes of the initial population are fed into the genetic algorithm model for iterative optimization until the stopping condition is met, thus obtaining the optimal solution for the half-array polarization encoding vector.

[0013] In one embodiment, the transformation of the optimal solution based on centrosymmetric complementarity is performed using the following formula:

[0014] In the above formula, Represents a vector consisting entirely of 1s. This represents a half-array polarization coding vector with dimensions MN / 2×1. Let represent the rotation transformation matrix, with dimensions MN / 2 × MN / 2, where MN is the number of array elements in the horizontal and vertical directions on the antenna array surface. This represents the horizontal polarization coding vector.

[0015] This application also provides a dual-polarity pattern synthesis device based on a polarization coding array, the device comprising: The antenna data acquisition module is used to acquire the antenna array aperture size and array element grid parameters, as well as the given beam direction; The polarization coding matrix modeling module is used to model the polarization coding matrix to be solved based on the array aperture size and array element grid parameters of the antenna, and to obtain the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix corresponding to the horizontal polarization port excitation state and the vertical polarization port excitation state, respectively. The main lobe and side lobe region division module is used to divide the full array radiation pattern corresponding to the array aperture size and array element grid data of the antenna under the given beam direction into main lobe region and side lobe region. The polarization coding matrix reconstruction module is used to reconstruct the horizontal polarization coding matrix or the vertical polarization coding matrix to obtain the corresponding horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector. The optimization model construction module is used to establish an optimization model under the constraint of the central symmetry principle, based on the sidelobe regions divided on the full array radiation pattern, with the half array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector as the variable, and the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization pattern or the peak sidelobe level of the vertical polarization pattern as the objective function. The dual-polarization pattern synthesis module is used to solve the optimization model using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of the half-array polarization encoding vector, and to transform the optimal solution according to the central symmetry and complementarity to obtain the dual-polarization pattern synthesis result.

[0016] A computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program performing the following steps: Obtain the antenna array aperture size and array element grid parameters, as well as the given beam direction; The polarization coding matrix to be solved is modeled based on the array aperture size and array element grid parameters of the antenna to obtain the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix corresponding to the horizontal polarization port excitation state and the vertical polarization port excitation state, respectively. Under the given beam direction, the full array radiation pattern corresponding to the array aperture size and array element grid data of the antenna is divided into main lobe region and side lobe region; After reconstructing the horizontal polarization coding matrix or the vertical polarization coding matrix, the corresponding horizontal polarization coding vector or vertical polarization coding vector is obtained. Under the constraint of the principle of centrosymmetry, based on the sidelobe regions divided on the full-array radiation pattern, an optimization model is established with the half-array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector as the variable, and the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization radiation pattern or the peak sidelobe level of the vertical polarization radiation pattern as the objective function. The optimization model is solved using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution for the half-array polarization coding vector. The optimal solution is then transformed according to the principle of central symmetry and complementarity to obtain the combined result of the dual-polarization pattern.

[0017] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program performing the following steps when executed by a processor: Obtain the antenna array aperture size and array element grid parameters, as well as the given beam direction; The polarization coding matrix to be solved is modeled based on the array aperture size and array element grid parameters of the antenna to obtain the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix corresponding to the horizontal polarization port excitation state and the vertical polarization port excitation state, respectively. Under the given beam direction, the full array radiation pattern corresponding to the array aperture size and array element grid data of the antenna is divided into main lobe region and side lobe region; After reconstructing the horizontal polarization coding matrix or the vertical polarization coding matrix, the corresponding horizontal polarization coding vector or vertical polarization coding vector is obtained. Under the constraint of the principle of centrosymmetry, based on the sidelobe regions divided on the full-array radiation pattern, an optimization model is established with the half-array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector as the variable, and the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization radiation pattern or the peak sidelobe level of the vertical polarization radiation pattern as the objective function. The optimization model is solved using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution for the half-array polarization coding vector. The optimal solution is then transformed according to the principle of central symmetry and complementarity to obtain the combined result of the dual-polarization pattern.

[0018] The aforementioned dual-polarization pattern synthesis method, apparatus, and device based on polarization-coded arrays divide the full-array pattern corresponding to the antenna array aperture size and array element grid data under a given beam direction into main lobe and side lobe regions. The horizontal and vertical polarization coding matrices, corresponding to the excitation states of the horizontal and vertical polarization ports respectively, are reconstructed to obtain the corresponding polarization coding vectors. Under the constraint of the centrosymmetry principle, an optimization model is established based on the side lobe regions divided on the full-array pattern. This model uses the half-array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal or vertical polarization coding vector as the variable, and the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal or vertical polarization pattern as the objective function. A genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization model to obtain the optimal solution for the half-array polarization coding vector. The optimal solution is then transformed according to centrosymmetry complementarity to obtain the dual-polarization pattern synthesis result. The dual-polarization pattern obtained using this method exhibits good low sidelobe performance. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a dual-polarity pattern synthesis method based on a polarization coding array in one embodiment. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a polarization coding array in one embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the polarization coding matrix in the first experimental simulation, where, Figure 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the randomly generated polarization coding matrix used for experimental comparison. Figure 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the polarization coding matrix obtained by this method; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram comparing the performance of the pitch plane dual-polarization pattern in the first experimental simulation. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram comparing the performance of the two-dimensional dual-polarization pattern in the first experimental simulation. Figure 5 (a) is the dual-polarization pattern calculated based on the polarization coding matrix obtained by solving the normal angle using this method. Figure 5 (b) is the dual polarization pattern calculated based on the polarization coding matrix obtained by solving the scanning angle using this method; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram comparing the performance of the pitch plane dual-polarization pattern in the second experimental simulation. Figure 6 (a) is a dual-polarization pattern based on full-array computing in a traditional architecture. Figure 6 (b) is the dual polarization pattern calculated based on the polarization coding matrix obtained by solving the normal angle using this method.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a structural block diagram of a dual-polarization pattern synthesis device based on a polarization coding array in one embodiment; Figure 8 This is an internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0022] In existing technologies, there is no work exploring simultaneous dual-polarization beamforming using a polarimetric coded array architecture. The challenge lies in how to obtain a high-matching, low-sidelobe array pattern based on non-overlapping phase centers through interleaved array synthesis within this architecture. This embodiment provides a dual-polarization pattern synthesis method based on a polarimetric coded array, the specific steps of which include: Step S100: Obtain the antenna array aperture size and array element grid parameters, as well as the given beam direction; Step S110: Model the polarization coding matrix to be solved based on the antenna array aperture size and array element grid parameters to obtain the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix corresponding to the horizontal polarization port excitation state and the vertical polarization port excitation state, respectively. Step S120: Under a given beam direction, divide the full array radiation pattern corresponding to the antenna array aperture size and array element grid data into main lobe region and side lobe region. Step S130: After reconstructing the horizontal polarization coding matrix or the vertical polarization coding matrix, the corresponding horizontal polarization coding vector or vertical polarization coding vector is obtained. Step S140: Under the constraint of the principle of centrosymmetry, based on the sidelobe regions divided on the full array pattern, establish an optimization model with the half array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector as the variable, and the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization pattern or the peak sidelobe level of the vertical polarization pattern as the objective function. Step S150: The genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization model to obtain the optimal solution of the half-array polarization coding vector. The optimal solution is then transformed according to the central symmetry and complementarity to obtain the combined result of the dual polarization pattern.

[0023] In step S100, the antenna array aperture size, array element grid parameters, and given beam pointing are all known parameters.

[0024] In step S110, based on the given antenna array aperture and array element grid, two polarization coding matrices are established. and , corresponding to the excitation states of the horizontally polarized port and the vertically polarized port, respectively. and Both are 0 / 1 integer matrices, with the number of rows and columns corresponding to the number of rows and columns of the raster, respectively. Furthermore, since each element can only have one polarization port activated, the sum of the two polarization coding matrices must be an all-one matrix.

[0025] Specifically, two polarization coding matrices and To describe such Figure 2 The data model of the polarization-coded array architecture is shown. Consider a planar array placed on the yoz plane, with antenna elements arranged on a rectangular grid of M columns and N rows. The spacing between the elements in both the y and z directions is d, and MN is an even number. By controlling the planned switching of each element, this array can simultaneously form two orthogonally polarized beams, and their radiation patterns can be represented as: (1) (2) In formulas (1) and (2), , . This indicates the given beam direction. Wherein, . Let represent the polarization excitation of the (m, n)th antenna element. and These indicate whether to select the horizontal or vertical polarization port.

[0026] matrix and Defined as the polarization coding matrix of this array architecture, and These are respectively called horizontal and vertical polarization patterns. Dual-polarization pattern synthesis, i.e., simultaneously... and To synthesize.

[0027] Since each element has only two polarization states to choose from, that is, the polarization states corresponding to the same position in the two matrices. and It cannot be both 0 and 1 at the same time. In other words, in the horizontal polarization coding matrix... and vertical polarization coding matrix Both matrices are integer matrices consisting of 0 or 1, and the sum of the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix is ​​a matrix of all 1s. This constraint can be described as: (3) To reduce radar target polarization measurement errors, the dual-polarized beam formed by the array should simultaneously possess the excellent characteristics of high pattern matching and low sidelobes. Therefore, the aforementioned polarization coding matrix needs to be optimized.

[0028] In step S120, a reasonable spatial sampling region delineation facilitates the rapid calculation of peak sidelobe levels during subsequent optimization and also controls the beamwidth of the solution. To ensure that the synthesized dual-polarized beam is as narrow as possible to achieve high spatial resolution, the main and sidelobe regions are divided with the full array radiation pattern as a reference.

[0029] In this embodiment, when dividing the full array radiation pattern corresponding to the antenna array aperture size and array element grid data into main lobe region and side lobe region under a given beam direction, the peak side lobe level is extracted according to the full array radiation pattern. The sampling point positions in the full array radiation pattern where the normalized power is less than or equal to the peak side lobe level are divided into side lobe regions, and the sampling point positions where the normalized power is greater than the peak side lobe level are divided into main lobe regions.

[0030] Specifically, the location of the sidelobe sampling point is detected using the following criteria: (4) In formula (4), It's a full-scale directional map. It is the peak sidelobe level of the radiation pattern.

[0031] Furthermore, extracting the peak sidelobe level from the full array radiation pattern includes: first, normalizing the full array radiation pattern, extracting the maximum value of the normalized full array radiation pattern under uniform sampling, sorting the extracted maximum values ​​from largest to smallest, and taking the second largest maximum value as the peak sidelobe level of the full array radiation pattern.

[0032] In this embodiment, based on the principle of "central symmetry," the dual-polarization pattern synthesis of the polarization coding array is transformed into horizontal or vertical polarization pattern synthesis. That is, it is not necessary to solve for both the horizontal and vertical polarization coding matrices simultaneously; solving for only one matrix is ​​sufficient, greatly improving efficiency.

[0033] Taking horizontal polarization as an example, let's look at the polarization encoding matrix. In this array, half of the elements, including the antenna array elements, are truncated and expanded column-wise into a 0 / 1 integer vector, which is called the half-array polarization coding vector. .

[0034] Specifically, the truncated half of the elements should correspond to the left or right half or the top or bottom half of the array element grid, and should not be randomly selected. When calculating the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization pattern, the half-array polarization encoding vector is first calculated based on the centrosymmetry constraint. Perform a symmetric complementary transformation to obtain the polarization coding matrix. Then Substituting into the horizontal polarization pattern calculation formula, the maximum value is obtained in the sidelobe sampling region obtained in step S120, which is used as the corresponding peak sidelobe level.

[0035] In this embodiment, firstly, in step S130, the horizontal polarization coding matrix is ​​processed respectively. or vertical polarization coding matrix Dimensionality reduction is performed to obtain the corresponding horizontal polarization coding vector or vertical polarization coding vector. Next, in step S140, a target function is further established based on the half-array polarization coding vector of the horizontal or vertical polarization coding vector.

[0036] Specifically, based on the principle of central symmetry design, an optimization model is established with the half-array polarization coding vector as the variable and the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization pattern or the peak sidelobe level of the vertical polarization pattern as the objective function.

[0037] In this embodiment, the principle of central symmetry design is explained as follows: The geometric features of array layouts are widely used in pattern synthesis. Satisfying specific geometric constraints usually helps to ensure pattern performance and reduce the dimensionality of variables. Consider two sets of polarization coding matrices: and ,in This formula can be interpreted as the array layouts corresponding to the two encoding methods being centrally symmetric. The relationship between the calculated radiation patterns can then be expressed as: (5) In formula (5), , The two radiation patterns exhibit the same amplitude distribution. In other words, to synthesize a highly matched pair of beams from two arrays with a common aperture, it is only necessary to ensure that their layout satisfies centrosymmetry. The traditional design method of overlapping dual-polarization arrays can be considered a special case of the centrosymmetry principle.

[0038] Based on the above theory, constrained polarization coding matrix and The corresponding array layout satisfies centrosymmetry, allowing the polarization-coded array to simultaneously form a pair of matched dual-polarization beams. For ease of mathematical representation, the polarization coding matrix is ​​converted into vector form, i.e. , , This indicates that the matrix is ​​expanded into a vector column-wise. Therefore, the central symmetry constraint can be expressed as: (6) In formula (6), Defined as a rotation transformation matrix, This indicates that the i-th and j-th elements are centrally symmetric on the grid. (Matrix) The form is not unique, but depends on the order of the array elements under a given grid. Under the order defined in step S110, All elements on the second diagonal are 1, and all other elements are 0, which can be represented as: (7) From equations (3) and (6), it can be seen that the bipolar coding matrix should simultaneously comply with the staggered arrangement constraint and the central symmetry constraint. Simplifying the simultaneous equations, it can be seen that the polar coding vector... and All can be defined as The low-dimensional vector is obtained through a simple linear transformation, which is called the centrally symmetric complementary transformation, and is expressed as: (8) In formula (8), Represents a vector consisting entirely of 1s. This represents a half-array polarization coding vector with dimensions MN / 2×1. Let represent the rotation transformation matrix, with dimensions MN / 2 × MN / 2, where MN is the number of array elements in the horizontal and vertical directions on the antenna array surface. This represents the horizontal polarization coding vector.

[0039] In this embodiment, This represents the left half of a given antenna planar array, and is therefore also called the half-array polarization coding vector. It is ordered according to the different grid elements. The specific physical meaning may also be different, but two conditions must be met: the number of array elements in the half-array polarization coding vector should be half the total number of array elements in the antenna, and the half-array polarization coding vector cannot simultaneously contain two array elements located at the center-symmetric position of the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector.

[0040] Since the dual-polarized beams of the polarization-coded array have exactly the same radiation pattern under the above-mentioned centrosymmetry constraint, the synthesis problem can be transformed into the synthesis of horizontal or vertical polarization radiation patterns. Let's take horizontal polarization as an example.

[0041] Based on this, an optimization model is established with the half-array polarization coding vector as the variable and the minimum peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization pattern as the objective function. Its mathematical expression is: (9) In formula (8), This represents the horizontal polarization pattern. Indicates the direction of a given beam. This represents the excitation state of the horizontal polarization port of the (m, n)th antenna element. This represents the sidelobe regions divided on the array pattern. This represents the horizontal polarization coding vector. Indicates half-array polarization coding direction quantity, Represents the rotation transformation matrix. Represents the half-array polarization coding vector The array elements within.

[0042] In step S150, solving the optimization model using a genetic algorithm includes: given the population size n of the genetic algorithm, and the chromosome length being the number of half-array elements, n half-array polarization encoding vectors are generated by a uniformly distributed 0 / 1 random number generator. The initial population consists of chromosomes. These initial chromosomes are then fed into a genetic algorithm model for optimization, with a stopping condition and a maximum number of iterations set. If the stopping condition is met or the maximum number of iterations is reached, the optimal solution for the half-array polarization encoding vector is output.

[0043] Finally, the optimal solution of the half-array polarization coding vector is subjected to a centrally symmetric complementary transformation using formula (8) to obtain the corresponding horizontal polarization pattern, which is a dual polarization pattern that satisfies the characteristics of high matching and low sidelobe.

[0044] To verify that this method can solve for a dual-polarization pattern that satisfies both high matching and low sidelobe characteristics, a first simulation experiment was conducted, as follows: Figures 3 to 5 As shown.

[0045] The simulation experiment conditions are as follows: Consider an 8×8 polar coding array, in the normal direction... and deviation from normal Under two scanning angles, a genetic algorithm was used to solve the optimization model established by this method. For the two sets of experiments, they were compared with the array pattern under another set of polarization coding matrices. Specifically, the solution under the normal angle was compared with the random polarization coding matrix, with the coding generated by an equally probable 0 / 1 random number generator; the solution under the deviation from the normal angle was compared with the solution under the normal angle.

[0046] Figure 3 Figures (a) and (b) respectively show the randomly generated polarization coding matrix and the array polarization coding matrix obtained by the optimization solution of this invention under the normal angle. In the figures, the right triangle represents the array element with horizontal polarization excitation, and the upper triangle represents the array element with vertical polarization excitation. Figure 4 As shown Figure 3 The graph shows the dual-polarization radiation pattern formed by the corresponding polarization coding matrix on the elevation plane. The horizontal axis represents the elevation angle in degrees, and the vertical axis represents the normalized radiated power in dB. In the graph, the dashed line represents the radiation pattern of the polarization coding matrix solved by this invention under horizontal polarization excitation; the dotted line represents the radiation pattern of the polarization coding matrix solved by this invention under vertical polarization excitation; the solid line represents the radiation pattern of a randomly generated polarization coding matrix under horizontal polarization excitation; and the dashed-dot line represents the radiation pattern of a randomly generated polarization coding matrix under vertical polarization excitation. Figure 5 The image shows the two-dimensional dual-polarization pattern of the array, where... Figure 5 (a) The optimal polarization coding matrix under the corresponding normal angle. Figure 5 (b) Optimal polarization coding matrix corresponding to the deviation from the normal angle. The horizontal axis represents the azimuth angle in degrees; the vertical axis represents the elevation angle in degrees; the color bars represent the normalized radiated power in dB. Since the dual-polarized beams have the same radiation pattern under the centrosymmetric constraint, therefore... Figure 5(a) and (b) can simultaneously represent the horizontal or vertical polarization pattern under the corresponding polarization coding.

[0047] For the normal scan angle ,Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the optimized array produces significantly better dual-polarized beam matching performance compared to the random array, with the radiation patterns of the former completely overlapping across the entire spatial domain. This is evident in... Figure 3 The magnified main lobe region is rendered in greater detail. Furthermore, the optimized dual-polarization pattern exhibits lower peak sidelobe levels, and the surface sidelobe level is well controlled.

[0048] For deviation from the normal scan angle Polar-coded arrays use reconfigurable T / R components to change the array layout to prevent grating lobes during scanning. For example... Figure 5 As shown in (a), if the polarization coding matrix obtained by solving under the normal angle is not changed, when the beam scans to At that time, obvious grating lobes appeared in the dual-polarization pattern of the array. After re-optimizing the layout corresponding to the polarization encoding based on the scan angle, the resulting dual-polarization pattern is as follows: Figure 5 As shown in (b), the grating lobe was effectively suppressed.

[0049] To verify that this method remains effective under various non-ideal factors encountered by real-world arrays, a second simulation experiment was conducted, such as... Figure 6 As shown.

[0050] The simulation experiment was conducted using ANSYS HFSS electromagnetic simulation software to calculate an 8×8 dual-polarized microstrip patch array antenna with an operating frequency of 10 GHz. Active radiation pattern data for each port of all array elements were exported for calculating the array radiation pattern. Considering the polarization coding matrix obtained by optimizing the solution at the normal angle in this invention, its dual-polarized radiation pattern was calculated and compared with the dual-polarized radiation pattern of a full-array antenna under a traditional architecture.

[0051] Figure 6 Both (a) and (b) show the dual-polarization radiation patterns on the elevation plane. The horizontal axis represents the elevation angle in degrees, and the vertical axis represents the normalized radiated power in dB. In the figures, the gray solid lines represent the main polarization pattern of the array's horizontal polarization; the gray solid lines represent the main polarization pattern of the array's vertical polarization; the gray dashed lines represent the cross-polarization pattern of the array's horizontal polarization; and the dark dashed lines represent the cross-polarization pattern of the array's vertical polarization. Figure 6 (a) represents the bipolar pattern of a full array under a traditional architecture. Figure 6 (b) represents the dual polarization pattern calculated from the polarization coding matrix obtained by solving the present invention under the normal angle.

[0052] Figure 6 The key parameters of the dual-polarization pattern shown are as follows:

[0053] Comparing the data in the table, it can be seen that compared with the full array under the traditional architecture, the main lobe width of the dual-polarization pattern synthesized by this method does not show a significant widening. The difference between the main lobe widths of the two arrays in the azimuth and elevation planes is less than or equal to 0.02°, indicating that the two architectures have comparable performance in dual-polarization pattern matching. Although the main polarization pattern obtained by this invention shows a slight decrease in peak sidelobe level and directivity coefficient, the loss values ​​are controlled below 0.07dB and 1dBi, respectively, indicating that the proposed dual-polarization pattern synthesis method is still effective in practical arrays.

[0054] The aforementioned dual-polarization pattern synthesis method based on polarimetric coded arrays establishes a polarimetric coding matrix given the array aperture and grid. Based on the full-array pattern pointing towards a given beam, main and sidelobe regions are divided. An optimization model is established with the half-array polarimetric coding vector as the variable and the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarimetric pattern as the objective function. Finally, a genetic algorithm is used to solve and optimize the polarimetric coding, thus obtaining the dual-polarization pattern synthesis result. This method, based on a polarimetric coded array architecture, reduces the number of RF channels in the T / R components by 50% compared to the traditional dual-polarization active phased array architecture, significantly lowering costs. This method performs targeted optimization and synthesis of the dual-polarization patterns at various scanning angles of the polarimetric coded array, achieving a larger scanning range. Simultaneously, by utilizing "central symmetry" to constrain the positions of orthogonally polarized excited antenna elements, a pair of highly matched dual-polarization beams can be formed simultaneously, meeting the requirements of radar polarization measurement. Optimizing the antenna element arrangement using a genetic algorithm results in a dual-polarization pattern with excellent low sidelobe performance.

[0055] It should be understood that, although Figure 1 The steps in the flowchart are shown sequentially as indicated by the arrows, but these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order in which these steps are executed, and they can be performed in other orders. Figure 1 At least some of the steps in the process may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0056] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7As shown, a dual-polarization pattern synthesis device based on a polarization-coded array is provided, comprising: an antenna data acquisition module 200, a polarization coding matrix modeling module 210, a main lobe and side lobe region division module 220, a polarization coding matrix reconstruction module 230, an optimization model construction module 240, and a dual-polarization pattern synthesis module 250, wherein: Antenna data acquisition module 200 is used to acquire the antenna array aperture size and array element grid parameters, as well as the given beam direction; The polarization coding matrix modeling module 210 is used to model the polarization coding matrix to be solved based on the array aperture size and array element grid parameters of the antenna, so as to obtain the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix corresponding to the horizontal polarization port excitation state and the vertical polarization port excitation state, respectively. The main lobe and side lobe region division module 220 is used to divide the full array radiation pattern corresponding to the array aperture size and array element grid data of the antenna under the given beam direction into main lobe region and side lobe region. The polarization coding matrix reconstruction module 230 is used to reconstruct the horizontal polarization coding matrix or the vertical polarization coding matrix to obtain the corresponding horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector. The optimization model construction module 240 is used to establish an optimization model under the constraint of the principle of centrosymmetry, based on the sidelobe regions divided on the full array radiation pattern, with the half array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector as the variable, and the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization pattern or the peak sidelobe level of the vertical polarization pattern as the objective function. The dual-polarization pattern synthesis module 250 is used to solve the optimization model using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of the half-array polarization encoding vector, and to transform the optimal solution according to the central symmetry and complementarity to obtain the dual-polarization pattern synthesis result.

[0057] Specific limitations regarding the dual-polarity pattern synthesis device based on polarization coding arrays can be found in the limitations of the dual-polarity pattern synthesis method based on polarization coding arrays mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned dual-polarity pattern synthesis device based on polarization coding arrays can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in hardware or independently of the processor in a computer device, or stored in software in the memory of a computer device, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0058] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 8As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, network interface, display screen, and input devices connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The network interface is used for communication with external terminals via a network connection. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements a dual-polarization pattern synthesis method based on a polarization coding array. The display screen can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an e-ink display. The input devices can be a touch layer covering the display screen, buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad mounted on the computer device casing, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse.

[0059] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 8 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0060] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps: Obtain the antenna array aperture size and array element grid parameters, as well as the given beam direction; The polarization coding matrix to be solved is modeled based on the array aperture size and array element grid parameters of the antenna to obtain the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix corresponding to the horizontal polarization port excitation state and the vertical polarization port excitation state, respectively. Under the given beam direction, the full array radiation pattern corresponding to the array aperture size and array element grid data of the antenna is divided into main lobe region and side lobe region; After reconstructing the horizontal polarization coding matrix or the vertical polarization coding matrix, the corresponding horizontal polarization coding vector or vertical polarization coding vector is obtained. Under the constraint of the principle of centrosymmetry, based on the sidelobe regions divided on the full-array radiation pattern, an optimization model is established with the half-array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector as the variable, and the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization radiation pattern or the peak sidelobe level of the vertical polarization radiation pattern as the objective function. The optimization model is solved using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution for the half-array polarization coding vector. The optimal solution is then transformed according to the principle of central symmetry and complementarity to obtain the combined result of the dual-polarization pattern.

[0061] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program performing the following steps when executed by a processor: Obtain the antenna array aperture size and array element grid parameters, as well as the given beam direction; The polarization coding matrix to be solved is modeled based on the array aperture size and array element grid parameters of the antenna to obtain the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix corresponding to the horizontal polarization port excitation state and the vertical polarization port excitation state, respectively. Under the given beam direction, the full array radiation pattern corresponding to the array aperture size and array element grid data of the antenna is divided into main lobe region and side lobe region; After reconstructing the horizontal polarization coding matrix or the vertical polarization coding matrix, the corresponding horizontal polarization coding vector or vertical polarization coding vector is obtained. Under the constraint of the principle of centrosymmetry, based on the sidelobe regions divided on the full-array radiation pattern, an optimization model is established with the half-array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector as the variable, and the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization radiation pattern or the peak sidelobe level of the vertical polarization radiation pattern as the objective function. The optimization model is solved using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution for the half-array polarization coding vector. The optimal solution is then transformed according to the principle of central symmetry and complementarity to obtain the combined result of the dual-polarization pattern.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), RAMbus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0063] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0064] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dual-polarity pattern synthesis method based on a polarization coding array, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the antenna array aperture size and array element grid parameters, as well as the given beam direction; The polarization coding matrix to be solved is modeled based on the array aperture size and array element grid parameters of the antenna to obtain the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix corresponding to the horizontal polarization port excitation state and the vertical polarization port excitation state, respectively. Under the given beam direction, the full array radiation pattern corresponding to the array aperture size and array element grid data of the antenna is divided into main lobe region and side lobe region; After reconstructing the horizontal polarization coding matrix or the vertical polarization coding matrix, the corresponding horizontal polarization coding vector or vertical polarization coding vector is obtained. Under the constraint of the principle of centrosymmetry, based on the sidelobe regions divided on the full-array radiation pattern, an optimization model is established with the half-array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector as the variable, and the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization radiation pattern or the peak sidelobe level of the vertical polarization radiation pattern as the objective function. The optimization model is solved using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution for the half-array polarization coding vector. The optimal solution is then transformed according to the principle of central symmetry and complementarity to obtain the combined result of the dual-polarization pattern.

2. The dual-polarization pattern synthesis method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix are both integer matrices of 0 or 1, and the sum of the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix is ​​a matrix of all 1s.

3. The dual-polarization pattern synthesis method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of dividing the full array radiation pattern corresponding to the array aperture size and array element grid data of the antenna under the given beam direction includes: The peak sidelobe level is extracted based on the full array radiation pattern. The sampling points in the full array radiation pattern with normalized power less than or equal to the peak sidelobe level are classified as sidelobe regions, and the sampling points with normalized power greater than the peak sidelobe level are classified as main lobe regions.

4. The dual-polarization pattern synthesis method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of extracting the peak sidelobe level based on the full array radiation pattern includes: The full array radiation pattern is normalized, and the maximum value of the normalized full array radiation pattern under uniform sampling is extracted. The extracted maxima are sorted from largest to smallest, and the second largest maxima is taken as the peak sidelobe level of the full array pattern.

5. The dual-polarization pattern synthesis method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The half-array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector satisfies: The number of array elements in the half-array polarization coding vector should be half the total number of array elements in the antenna; The half-array polarization coding vector cannot simultaneously contain two array elements located at the center-symmetric position of the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector.

6. The dual-polarization pattern synthesis method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the sidelobe regions divided on the full-array polarimetric pattern, an optimization model is established that minimizes the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarimetric pattern, using the half-array polarimetric coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarimetric coding vector as the variable. The optimization model is expressed as follows: In the above formula, This represents the horizontal polarization pattern. Indicates the direction of the given beam. This represents the excitation state of the horizontal polarization port of the (m, n)th antenna element. This represents the sidelobe regions divided on the array pattern. This represents the horizontal polarization coding vector. This represents a half-array polarization coding vector. Represents the rotation transformation matrix. Represents the half-array polarization coding vector The array elements within.

7. The dual-polarization pattern synthesis method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Solving the optimization model using a genetic algorithm includes: The chromosome length is set to the number of elements in the half-array polarization coding vector. A half-array polarization coding vector of the preset population size is generated by a uniformly distributed 0 / 1 random number generator and used as the chromosome of the initial population. The chromosomes of the initial population are fed into the genetic algorithm model for iterative optimization until the stopping condition is met, thus obtaining the optimal solution for the half-array polarization encoding vector.

8. The dual-polarization pattern synthesis method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The optimal solution is transformed based on centrosymmetric complementarity using the following formula: In the above formula, Represents a vector consisting entirely of 1s. This represents a half-array polarization coding vector with dimensions MN / 2×1. Let represent the rotation transformation matrix, with dimensions MN / 2 × MN / 2, where MN is the number of array elements in the horizontal and vertical directions on the antenna array surface. This represents the horizontal polarization coding vector.

9. A dual-polarization pattern synthesis device based on a polarization coding array, characterized in that, The device includes: The antenna data acquisition module is used to acquire the antenna array aperture size and array element grid parameters, as well as the given beam direction; The polarization coding matrix modeling module is used to model the polarization coding matrix to be solved based on the array aperture size and array element grid parameters of the antenna, and to obtain the horizontal polarization coding matrix and the vertical polarization coding matrix corresponding to the horizontal polarization port excitation state and the vertical polarization port excitation state, respectively. The main lobe and side lobe region division module is used to divide the full array radiation pattern corresponding to the array aperture size and array element grid data of the antenna under the given beam direction into main lobe region and side lobe region. The polarization coding matrix reconstruction module is used to reconstruct the horizontal polarization coding matrix or the vertical polarization coding matrix to obtain the corresponding horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector. The optimization model construction module is used to establish an optimization model under the constraint of the central symmetry principle, based on the sidelobe regions divided on the full array radiation pattern, with the half array polarization coding vector corresponding to the horizontal polarization coding vector or the vertical polarization coding vector as the variable, and the peak sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization pattern or the peak sidelobe level of the vertical polarization pattern as the objective function. The dual-polarization pattern synthesis module is used to solve the optimization model using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of the half-array polarization encoding vector, and to transform the optimal solution according to the central symmetry and complementarity to obtain the dual-polarization pattern synthesis result.

10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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