Wireless communication methods, devices, and computer-readable storage media

Abstract

A method of wireless communication, a wireless communication device, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium are disclosed. In one aspect, a method includes determining, by a wireless communication device, two reference signals of two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states from reference signals of a control resource set (CORESET) for beam failure detection; and determining, by the wireless communication device, at least one measurement from the two reference signals for comparison to a threshold, the at least one measurement comprising a combined measurement of the two TCI states.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional of the Chinese Patent Application No. 202180096354.9, filed on May 11, 2021, entitled “Methods, Devices, and Systems for Beam Failure Recovery,” TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly, to systems and methods for adding new beam(s) and / or beam failure recovery. BACKGROUND

[0003] In a single frequency network (SFN) scenario, two transmission reception points (TRPs) transmit the same information to one user equipment (UE), but for example in a high speed train (HST)-SFN scenario, movement of the UE from one TRP to another TRP results in a Doppler effect such that a first Doppler effect with respect to one TRP can be opposite to a second Doppler effect with respect to another TRP. SUMMARY

[0004] The example embodiments disclosed herein are directed to addressing issues related to one or more of the problems presented in the prior art, and provide additional features that will be apparent from the following detailed description as well as from the appended claims. According to various embodiments, example systems, methods, devices, and computer program products are disclosed herein. It should be understood, however, that these embodiments are presented by way of example and not limitation, and that various modifications can be made while remaining within the scope of the disclosure as set forth in the appended claims.

[0005] In some aspects, systems, devices, and methods for beam failure recovery (e.g., in an SFN scenario) are disclosed. In one aspect, a method includes determining, by a wireless communication device, at least one reference signal of at least one transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state from a reference signal of a control resource set (CORESET) for beam failure detection; and determining, by the wireless communication device, at least one measurement from the at least one reference signal for comparison to a threshold.

[0006] In some embodiments, the measurement includes at least one of a block error rate (BLER), or a reference signal received power (RSRP) or a signal to interference noise ratio (SINR). In some embodiments, the at least one reference signal determined for beam failure detection includes reference signals of two TCI states, and the at least one measurement includes at least one of a separate measurement or a combined measurement.

[0007] In some embodiments, the at least one reference signal determined for beam failure detection includes one reference signal of one of two (e.g., activated) TCI states having a higher RSRP or SINR than another reference signal of the other of the two TCI states; a quasi co-location (QCL) assumption including a Doppler shift or delay information; configured for beam failure detection via radio resource control (RRC) or medium access control control element (MAC CE) signaling; or predetermined for beam failure detection according to a default TCI state.

[0008] In some aspects, systems, devices, and methods for introducing or adding at least one new beam (e.g., in an SFN scenario) are disclosed. In one aspect, a method includes receiving, by a wireless communication device, a number of candidate beams; and reporting, by the wireless communication device to a wireless communication node, at least one new beam. In some embodiments, the at least one new beam is associated with at least one reference signal resource or set of reference signal resources.

[0009] In some embodiments, the number of beam pairs to be measured (N) is configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling and is formed from a number of 2N candidate beams, with the remaining candidate beams to be measured individually. In some embodiments, the method includes reporting, by the wireless communication device to the wireless communication node, two new beams as a beam pair.

[0010] In some embodiments, each link or control resource set (CORESET) after beam failure recovery uses two new beams, regardless of whether the corresponding CORESET supported two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states before beam failure recovery, or each CORESET that had two TCI states before beam failure recovery is able to use two new beams after beam failure recovery, and each CORESET that had one TCI state before beam failure recovery is able to use one of the two new beams after beam failure recovery, or a CORESET linked to an SSS uses two new beams.

[0011] In certain aspects, systems, devices, and methods for using one or more TCI states on one or more physical uplink transmissions are disclosed. In one aspect, a method includes using, by a wireless communication device, two TCI states of a first control resource set (CORESET) on different ones of two groups of physical uplink transmissions if the first CORESET with the lowest index is activated two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states and the two groups of physical uplink transmissions are configured.

[0012] In some aspects, another system, apparatus, and method for introducing or adding at least one new beam are disclosed. In one aspect, a method includes transmitting, by a wireless communication node to a wireless communication device, a number of candidate beams; and receiving, by the wireless communication node from the wireless communication device, at least one new beam.

[0013] The above-described and other aspects are more fully described below, as are their implementations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Various example embodiments of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures or sheets. The drawing figures or sheets provided herein are for purposes of illustration only and merely depict example embodiments of the present solution as pertinent to the discussion herein. Thus, the drawing figures or sheets are not to be considered as limiting the scope of the present solution in any way. It is noted that for clarity and ease of illustration, these drawing figures or sheets are not necessarily made to scale.

[0015] Figure 1 An example cellular communications network in which the techniques and other aspects disclosed herein can be implemented is shown in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2 Block diagrams of example base station and user equipment apparatuses in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure are shown.

[0017] Figure 3 An example diagram for cyclic mapping for PUCCH transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figure 4 An example diagram for sequence mapping for PUCCH transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0019] Figure 5 An example diagram for semi-half mapping for PUCCH transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 6 A flow diagram of a method for beam failure recovery in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 7 A flow diagram of a method for introducing or adding one or more new beams in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 8 A flow diagram of a method for using one or more TCI states on one or more uplink transmissions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0023] Figure 9A flow diagram illustrating a method for introducing or adding one or more new beams according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Various example embodiments of the present solution are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that a person of ordinary skill in the art can make and use the present solution. As will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the present disclosure, various changes or modifications can be made to the examples described herein without departing from the scope of the present solution. Thus, the present solution is not limited to the example embodiments and applications described and illustrated herein. In addition, the particular order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein are merely example methods. Based upon design preferences, the particular order or hierarchy of steps of the disclosed methods or processes can be re-arranged, while remaining within the scope of the present solution. As such, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or acts in a sample order, and the present solution is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0025] A. Network Environment and Computing Environment

[0026] Figure 1 An example wireless communication network and / or system 100 in which the techniques disclosed herein can be implemented is shown in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In the following discussion, the wireless communication network 100 can be any wireless network, such as a cellular network or a Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) network, and is referred to herein as the “network 100.” Such an example network 100 includes a base station 102 (hereinafter simply “BS 102”) and a user equipment device 104 (hereinafter simply “UE 104”), as well as a cluster of cells 126, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, and 140 covering a geographic area 101, which can communicate with each other via communication links 110 (e.g., wireless communication channels). In Figure 1 In the example shown, the BS 102 and the UE 104 are contained within the respective geographic boundaries of the cell 126. Each of the other cells 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, and 140 can include at least one base station operating on its assigned bandwidth to provide sufficient radio coverage to its intended users.

[0027] For example, the BS 102 can operate over an allocated channel transmission bandwidth to provide sufficient coverage to the UEs 104. The BS 102 and the UEs 104 can communicate via downlink radio frames 118 and uplink radio frames 124, respectively. Each radio frame 118 / 124 can be further divided into subframes 120 / 127, which can include data symbols 122 / 128. In this disclosure, the BS 102 and the UEs 104 are described herein as non-limiting examples of “communication nodes,” which can generally practice the methods disclosed herein. According to various embodiments of the present solution, such communication nodes can be capable of wireless and / or wired communication.

[0028] Figure 2 A block diagram of an example wireless communication system 200 for transmitting and receiving wireless communication signals (e.g., OFDM / OFDMA signals) is shown in accordance with some embodiments of the present solution. The system 200 can include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operational features that need not be described in detail herein. In one illustrative embodiment, the system 200 can be used to communicate (e.g., transmit and receive) data symbols in a wireless communication environment, such as the wireless communication environment 100 described above. Figure 1

[0029] The system 200 generally includes a base station 202 (hereinafter “BS 202”) and a user equipment device 204 (hereinafter “UE 204”). The BS 202 includes a BS (base station) transceiver module 210, a BS antenna 212, a BS processor module 214, a BS memory module 216, and a network communication module 218, each of which is coupled and interconnected to each other as needed via a data communication bus 220. The UE 204 includes a UE (user equipment) transceiver module 230, a UE antenna 232, a UE memory module 234, and a UE processor module 236, each of which is coupled and interconnected to each other as needed via a data communication bus 240. The BS 202 communicates with the UE 204 via a communication channel 250, which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for data transmission as described herein.

[0030] As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the system 200 can also include components and elements other than those shown Figure 2 ​any number of other modules not specifically illustrated in FIG. 2. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled persons can implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0031] According to some embodiments, the UE transceiver 230 can be referred to herein as an "uplink" transceiver 230, which includes a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and an RF receiver, each including circuitry coupled to an antenna 232. A duplexing switch (not shown) can alternately couple the uplink transmitter or receiver to the uplink antenna in a time duplexed manner. Similarly, according to some embodiments, the BS transceiver 210 can be referred to herein as a "downlink" transceiver 210, which includes an RF transmitter and an RF receiver, each including circuitry coupled to an antenna 212. A downlink duplexing switch can alternately couple the downlink transmitter or receiver to the downlink antenna 212 in a time duplexed manner. The operation of the two transceiver modules 210 and 230 can be coordinated in time so that the downlink transmitter is coupled to the downlink antenna 212 at the same time that the uplink receiver circuitry is coupled to the uplink antenna 232 for receiving transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250. In some embodiments, there is a tight time synchronization with minimal guard time between changes in duplex direction.

[0032] The UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to communicate via the wireless data communication link 250, and in cooperation with appropriately configured RF antenna arrangements 212 / 232 capable of supporting a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme. In some illustrative embodiments, the UE transceiver 210 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to support industry standards such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging 5G standards. It will be appreciated, however, that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to application with a particular standard and associated protocols. Rather, the UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 can be configured to support alternative or additional wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variants thereof.

[0033] According to various embodiments, the BS 202 can be an evolved Node B (eNB), a serving eNB, a target eNB, a femto station, or a pico station, for example. In some embodiments, the UE 204 can be embodied in various types of user equipment such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet, a laptop, a wearable computing device, etc. The processor modules 214 and 236 can be implemented or realized with a general purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. In this manner, the processor can be implemented as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, etc. The processor can also be implemented as a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.

[0034] Further, the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be embodied directly in hardware, in firmware, in a software module separately from processor modules 214 and 236, respectively, or in any practical combination thereof. The memory modules 216 and 234 can be implemented as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In this regard, the memory modules 216 and 234 can be coupled to the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively, such that the processor modules 210 and 230 can read information from, and write information to, the memory modules 216 and 234, respectively. The memory modules 216 and 234 can also be integral to the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively. In some embodiments, the memory modules 216 and 234 can each include a cache area for the temporary storage of variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively. The memory modules 216 and 234 can also each include non-volatile storage, e.g., to store instructions to be executed by the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively.

[0035] The network communications module 218 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic and / or other components that enable bidirectional communications between the base station transceiver 210 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communicate with the base station 202. For example, the network communications module 218 can be configured to support Internet or WiMAX traffic. In a typical deployment, but not limited to, the network communications module 218 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface so that the base station transceiver 210 can communicate with a conventional Ethernet-based computer network. In this manner, the network communications module 218 can include a physical interface for connecting to a computer network (e.g., a mobile switching center (MSC)). As used herein with respect to a specified operation or function, the terms "configured to," "arranged to," and variations thereof, mean that the device, component, circuit, structure, machine, signal, etc., is physically constructed, programmed, formatted, and / or arranged to perform the specified operation or function.

[0036] B. Beam management systems and methods

[0037] In a single frequency network (SFN) scenario, one CORESET can be activated two transmission configuration information (TCI) states. In embodiments, up to three control resource sets (CORESETs) can be configured for one activated bandwidth part (BWP), one / each CORESET activated one TCI state, and associated with one reference signal (RS), and up to two RS indexes can be detected to find out whether the beam of the transmission fails and whether recovery is needed. If two TCI states are activated for one / each CORESET, up to four indexed RSs can be used for beam detection. Embodiment systems, devices, and methods are disclosed herein for how to use up to four (e.g., or other various numbers of) RSs, which can be indexed to perform beam failure recovery and / or other operations.

[0038] Prior to triggering beam failure recovery, some reference signal resources or resource sets can be detected. For embodiments lacking the disclosed improvements, up to two RSs of a configured or activated CORESET can be detected, and the estimates / measures can be compared to thresholds to find out whether beam detection fails and whether beam failure recovery is to be initiated.

[0039] Quality output (Qout) and quality input (Qin) are quality measurements / thresholds. In some embodiments, Qout is defined as a level at which a downlink (DL) radio link cannot be reliably received, and includes or corresponds to an out-of-sync block error rate (BLERout). For synchronization signal block (SSB) based radio link monitoring, Qout_SSB can be derived based on assumed physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission parameters. For channel state indicator (CSI)-RS based radio link monitoring, Qout_CSI-RS is derived based on assumed PDCCH transmission parameters.

[0040] In some embodiments, threshold Qin is defined as a level at which a DL link quality can be received with higher reliability than Qout (e.g., significantly), and includes or corresponds to an in-sync block error rate (BLERin). For single SSB based radio link monitoring, Qin_SSB can be derived based on assumed PDCCH transmission parameters. For CSI-RS based radio link monitoring, Qin_CSI-RS is derived based on assumed PDCCH transmission parameters.

[0041] BLERin and BLERout can be determined from network configuration via parameters signaled by higher layers. When a user equipment (UE, e.g., UE 104, UE 204, mobile device, wireless communication device, terminal, etc.) is not configured with thresholds from a network (e.g., a 5G network, a core network (CN), a radio access network (RAN), a combination of CN and RAN, etc.), the UE can determine BLERin and BLERout by default. In some embodiments, a radio access network coverage is divided into geographical areas of cell regions, where each cell region is served by a base station (BS, e.g., BS 102, BS 202, next generation NodeB (gNB), evolved NodeB (eNB), wireless communication node, cell tower, 3GPP radio access equipment, non-3GPP radio access equipment, etc.). It should be noted that BLER measurements are mentioned in this disclosure only as an example, and are not intended to be limiting in any way. Other types of measurements (e.g., RSRP or SINR) can also be applied in various implementations (e.g., instead of BLER).

[0042] In SFN scenarios, one CORESET can be activated with two TCI states. Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods for how to manage or respond to beam failure recovery with two activated TCI states of one CORESET are disclosed herein.

[0043] In some embodiments, a rule is defined to detect one TCI state (or RS) of a CORESET activated with two TCI states. The TCI state or associated RS with higher reference signal received power (RSRP) or signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) can be used as the detection RS for beam failure detection. In some embodiments, a TCI state containing a quasi co-location (QCL) assumption of Doppler shift is used as the TCI state to be detected, and the RS in this TCI state is used as the RS to be detected for beam failure detection. Radio resource control (RRC) signaling can configure one of the two TCI states to be used for beam failure detection. One of the two TCI states can be configured (e.g., pre-configured, pre-programmed) by default for beam failure detection.

[0044] In some embodiments, both RSs in the two TCI states activated for a CORESET are used for beam failure detection, and one combined BLER is used for comparison with a threshold. The combined BLER can include the smaller BLER, the average BLER of the two RSs, or the weighted BLER of the two RSs (e.g., a weighted combination of the individual BLERs). The weight of each BLER can be based on the RSRP or SINR (e.g., the ratio thereof) of the RS associated with the corresponding TCI state. RRC signaling can configure whether to use one or more individual BLERs and / or the combined BLER.

[0045] In some embodiments, the number of beam pairs is configured by RRC, the first / first 2N candidate beams are measured as pairs, while the other beams are individual candidate beams (to be measured individually). In some embodiments, if only one new beam is indicated or reported, the PDCCH is transmitted in non-SFN manner. In some embodiments, if two beams are indicated, all recovered links or one or more CORESETs can use the two beams regardless of whether / whether each CORESET supports two TCI states containing QCL type-D (or regardless of whether the CORESET supports SFN before beam failure recovery).

[0046] In some embodiments, a CORESET with two activated TCI states before beam failure (e.g., the CORESET receives / obtains / generates / activates / includes / corresponds to two activated TCI states before beam failure) can use both indicated new beams or new beam pairs, and a CORESET with only one activated TCI state before beam failure can use (only) one of the indicated new beams or new beam pairs, and the number of new beams is associated with the CORESET index (ID).

[0047] In some embodiments, one (e.g., best, above a predetermined threshold, etc.) beam pair and one (e.g., best, above a predetermined threshold, etc.) individual beam are reported or indicated. In some embodiments, a CORESET with two activated beams before beam failure uses the reported or indicated beam pair. In some embodiments, a single beam is used for a CORESET activated with one beam before beam failure. In some embodiments, a CORESET for monitoring PDCCH in the CORESET over a link to an SSS provided by recoverySearchSpaceId is used to monitor one or more PDCCH transmissions based on SFN.

[0048] In some embodiments, if a CORESET with the lowest index is activated with two TCI states and physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) repetition is supported in UL transmission, the two TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index are used on different PUCCH transmission occasions. In some embodiments, the lowest index CORESET is activated with two TCI states for the default TCI state of PUCCH repetition transmission. In some embodiments, the default TCI state of PUCCH repetition is from the CORESET with the lowest index that is activated with two TCI states.

[0049] For beam failure detection (BFD), there can be several BLER computation assumptions, e.g., single TCI state specific computation or SFN (e.g., 2 TCI state specific) assumption. In some embodiments, the assumption is associated with one CORESET.

[0050] For single TCI state specific computation, in some embodiments, beam failure detection is based on a single TCI state of one CORESET. Up to two RS indexes can be detected, and BLER is computed separately based on each RS. In some embodiments, each RS index represents one RS resource or one RS resource set. In some embodiments, for SFN based BLER computation assumption, a combined BLER is computed / determined for a pair of RSs. Beam failure detection can be associated with one CORESET. In some embodiments, if the CORESET is activated with only one TCI state, the BLER assumption is for a single TCI state, and BLER is computed for one RS per RS index. In some embodiments, if the CORESET is activated with two TCI states, the BLER computation assumption is for two RSs from the two TCI states, and a combined BLER is determined / computed for beam failure detection.

[0051] Table 1.1 shows PDCCH transmission parameters for beam failure detection. BLER computation for beam failure detection can also be indicated by PDCCH transmission parameters for beam failure detection. One PDCCH transmission scheme can be configured in PDCCH transmission parameters, as shown in Table 1.1.

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] Table 1.1

[0055] In some embodiments, parameters are configured for single TCI-based PDCCH transmission or SFN-based BLER computation. In some embodiments, parameters for BLER computation by one TCI state or parameters for combined BLER computation for two TCI states, by being configured with different values (e.g., by parameter), can be used to indicate different BLER assumptions or BLER computation methods. For example, in some embodiments, the assumed PDCCH resource element (RE) energy or PDCCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) energy to average search space set (SSS) RE energy ratio is set to 0 dB for one BLER assumption (e.g., single TCI-based BLER computation) and 3 dB for another BLER assumption (e.g., combined BLER computation for SFN-based PDCCH transmission).

[0056] For new beam (or beam state or TCI state) indication, the number of new beams can be associated with a CORESET, and the beam-CORESET association can be a unified association for beam failure detection. For example, in some embodiments, if BLER is computed for one TCI state, the number of new beams is indicated as 1, and if BLER is computed as combined BLER, the number of new beams can be indicated as 2.

[0057] For new beam indication, if the PDCCH is configured as SFN or repetition based on time division multiplexing (TDM), or if other parameters indicate that two new beams are needed, the number of new beams can be indicated according to the PDCCH transmission parameters. The UE can report one or two (new) beams based on the parameters or UE measurement results. For example, the UE can report two beams for SFN scheme and TDM scheme, and if two beams are indicated, the two beams can be used for transmission. In some embodiments, for TDM scheme, two beams are used for different PDCCH transmission occasions. However, in some embodiments, if the UE cannot find / detect / determine two (new) beams based on the new beam indication, only one (new) beam can be reported, and the PDCCH or physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) can be transmitted by using one beam or one TCI state.

[0058] In some embodiments, a rule is defined to detect one TCI state (or RS) of a CORESET activated with two TCI states (for beam failure detection procedure). The RSRP or SINR of the RS configured in the TCI state can be measured by the UE. Therefore, if two TCI states are activated for one CORESET, the RSRP or SINR of each RS in the TCI state can be known / determined / identified by the UE. Therefore, in some embodiments, the UE determines which TCI state can be detected according to the (e.g., estimated, predicted or measured) RSRP or SINR of each TCI state.

[0059] The TCI state (or RS) with smaller or larger RSRP or SINR, or the RS of QCL-TypeD (from RS of different QCL-Type) can be selected for beam failure detection. Higher RSRP or SINR can achieve better signal estimation. Therefore, the TCI state or related RS with higher RSRP or SINR (e.g., layer 1 (L1)-RSRP, LI-SINR) can be used as the detection RS for beam failure detection (BFD). No matter whether the other detected RS is from a CORESET activated with one TCI state or a CORESET activated with two TCI states, the detected RS of the two RS can be used for beam failure detection. In some embodiments, if the two RS are detected higher than a threshold configured by a higher layer, the counter is incremented (e.g., by 1, for example, towards a triggering threshold) until the UE decides to recover the beam, e.g., new beam indication.

[0060] In the case of pre-compensation configured / provided, the QCL assumptions are different and can be used by the UE. Thus, in some embodiments, only one of the two TCI states activated for PDCCH or indicated for PDSCH contains the Doppler shift. Thus, in some embodiments, the TCI state of the QCL assumption containing the Doppler shift or delay information (e.g., the TCI state used to estimate the Doppler shift or delay information) is used as the detection TCI state (e.g., the TCI state to be detected) for BFD, and the RS of this TCI state is used as the detection RS (e.g., the RS to be detected) for beam failure detection. In some embodiments, if both of the configured TCI states contain Doppler shifts, one of the TCI states containing the first Doppler shift is indicated or configured to be used, and the second Doppler shift contained in the other TCI state is ignored. The UE can know which one of the two TCI states contains the Doppler shift.

[0061] In some embodiments, RRC and / or medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) signaling can configure one of the two TCI states to be used for beam failure detection. For example, the RRC / MAC CE can configure the first one of the two TCI states to be used for beam failure detection. Similarly, by default, the first or second one of the two TCI states of the activated (e.g., activated by MAC CE, from those configured by RRC) CORESET can be selected to be used for beam failure detection.

[0062] One TCI state from one CORESET can be used for beam failure detection, and up to two RSs are supported. However, if one CORESET is activated for two TCI states, only one of the other CORESETs can be used for beam failure detection. Alternatively, in some embodiments, if two TCI states are activated for one CORESET, both TCI states of this CORESET can be used for beam failure detection, and the TCI states of other CORESETs are not considered.

[0063] In some embodiments, both RSs in the two TCI states activated for one CORESET are used for beam failure detection, and one combined BLER is used for comparison (or comparison) with the threshold. The RSs of the corresponding two TCI states can be measured, and the combined BLER can be implemented from one RS corresponding to the smaller BLER, the mean / average BLER of the two RSs, or the weighted BLER of the two RSs. The weight of each BLER can be implemented from the RSRP or SINR of the RS associated with each TCI state. For example, in some embodiments, if the RSRP or SINR of the two RSs is the same, the weighted BLER is equal to the average BLER.

[0064] In some embodiments, the BLER can be calculated according to two RS indexes, and the RSs from all TCI states of the detected CORESET are considered as two TCI states from one CORESET activated with two TCI states. In some embodiments, the RSs are selected from the TCI states according to the order of CORESET ID (e.g., selected from the lowest CORESET ID). For example, the RSs of the CORESET with the lowest index are selected first. In some embodiments, the RSs are selected according to the periodicity size / value of the CSI-RS / SSB of the TCI states of the CORESET. For example, the RSs of the TCI states of the detected CORESET with the smallest CSI-RS / SSB periodicity are selected first.

[0065] The two BLERs can be processed / compared separately. Each of the two BLERs can be compared with a threshold, and if both of the two BLERs are above the threshold, the result (e.g., BLER) is reported to the gNB. In some embodiments, each of the single BLERs of the two RSs and the combined BLER(s) are compared with a threshold, and if all three BLERs are above the threshold, the result (e.g., the single BLER and the combined BLER) is reported to the gNB. The single BLER or the combined BLER can be used as a default or predefined. For example, only one of the two methods can be configured or predefined to support beam failure detection.

[0066] RRC signaling can be used to configure the type of BLER used as beam failure recovery. In some embodiments, if ‘0’ is configured via RRC, the single BLER is used as beam failure recovery, and if ‘1’ is configured via RRC, the combined BLER is used for, e.g., beam failure recovery.

[0067] All RSs can be detected separately, e.g., up to four RSs are supported to be detected if two TCI states are activated for one CORESET. The threshold can be extended to be associated with each RS. For example, the UE can report beam failure if all detected RSs are measured with BLER greater than the threshold. In some embodiments, if one CORESET is activated with two TCI states and other TCI states are activated with one TCI state, each of the three RSs associated with the respective one of the three TCI states is measured separately.

[0068] If beam measurement fails according to UE reporting and gNB counting, at least one more beam is measured and one new beam is indicated to the UE. In some embodiments, if beam pair is supported, e.g., combined beam BLER is supported, candidate beams in q1 (to be measured) are measured as a pair. In some embodiments, if the number of beam pairs (N) is configured by RRC, 2N candidate beams (e.g., two candidate beams per beam pair) from the available candidate beams are measured as a pair (e.g., each with a combined beam BLER), and the remaining / other beams (from candidate beams) are individual candidate beams.

[0069] For example, if one (N=l) pair of beams is configured and (e.g., ten in total) beams are configured as candidate beams, two candidate beams are a pair and measured with a combined BLER, and the other eight beams are measured as individual beams and each compared to a threshold.

[0070] For new beam indication, in some embodiments, one new beam is indicated or reported (e.g., by the UE), and all CORESETs are associated with the new beam. In some embodiments, if SFN is configured for PDCCH transmission, two TCI states are activated for one CORESET, and if QCL type-D is configured in the TCI states, two beams are configured for SFN-based CORESET. In some embodiments, if only one beam is indicated or reported (e.g., by the UE), only one new beam is supported, and SFN-based PDCCH is not supported, e.g., if only one new beam is indicated or reported (e.g., by the UE), PDCCH is transmitted in a non-SFN manner.

[0071] If two beams are indicated, SFN-based PDCCH transmission and / or detection is supported. In some scenarios, not all CORESETs in one bandwidth part are activated with two TCI states, and if two beams are indicated or reported, disclosed herein is how to use the two new beams associated with (each) CORESET.

[0072] In some embodiments, all recovered links or CORESETs can use two beams, regardless of whether one / each CORESET supports two TCI states including QCL type-D. For example, if one link or CORESET is activated with one TCI state before beam failure recovery, that one link or CORESET can use the two beams after BFR, e.g., if two beams are indicated in new beam indication, all CORESETs are SFN-based.

[0073] In some embodiments, a CORESET with two activated TCI states before beam failure can use both indicated new beams or new beam pairs, while a CORESET with only one activated TCI state before beam failure uses only one of the indicated new beams or new beam pairs, and the number of new beams is associated with the index / identifier (ID) of the related CORESET (CORESET ID). In some embodiments, one of the two beams is selected for the CORESET, and it can be configured by a higher layer parameter or as a default (e.g., the first of the two beams).

[0074] In some embodiments, one (e.g., best) beam pair and one (e.g., best) individual beam are reported or indicated. One or more CORESETs with two activated beams before beam failure can use the reported or indicated beam pair for (e.g., allow) the CORESET to continue to support two TCI states. In some embodiments, if the beam pair is measured as a group and can not include the best beam of one-beam transmission, an individual beam is reported or indicated, and the individual beam is used for one or more CORESETs activated with one beam before beam failure.

[0075] In some embodiments, once the new beam indication is indicated or configured to the UE, the gNB uses the new beam based on the UE report. If two new beams are indicated, the two new beams are used / in used for link recovery, e.g., beam failure recovery. If the UE can be provided a CORESET for monitoring PDCCH in the CORESET through a link to an SSS provided by recoverySearchSpaceId, the CORESET is used for monitoring SFN-based PDCCH.

[0076] In some embodiments, if the UE is not provided pathlossReferenceRSs in PUCCH-PowerControl, the UE is provided enableDefaultBeamPL-ForPUCCH, and the UE is not provided PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo, the default spatial relation or default pathloss RS for PUCCH is associated with the CORESET with the lowest index on the activated DL BWP.

[0077] In some embodiments, if the CORESET with the lowest index is activated with two TCI states and PUCCH repetition is supported for UL transmission, the two TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index are used on different PUCCH transmission occasions. In some embodiments, the CORESET with the lowest index is used on different PUCCH transmission occasions because not all PUCCH transmission occasions are transmitted to the same TRP and different TCI states are used on each occasion.

[0078] Figure 3 An example diagram for cyclic mapping of PUCCH transmission is shown in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Some embodiments of PUCCH transmission (e.g., for cyclic mapping or sequence mapping) have a repetition number of eight. Other repetition numbers are also within the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, for cyclic mapping, adjacent / consecutive PUSCH transmission occasions are associated with different default TCI states. For example, in some embodiments (such as the one shown) PUCCH transmission occasions 1, 3, 5, 7 are associated with one of the default TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index, and PUCCH transmission occasions 2, 4, 6, 8 are associated with the other of the default TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index. Other occasion-default TCI state associations are also within the scope of the present disclosure. Figure 3

[0079] Figure 4 An example diagram for sequence mapping of PUCCH transmission is shown in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, for sequence mapping, the first adjacent / consecutive PUSCH transmission occasion is associated with the same default TCI state, and the second adjacent / consecutive PUSCH transmission occasion is associated with a different default TCI state. For example, in some embodiments (such as the one shown) PUCCH transmission occasions 1, 2, 5, 6 are associated with one of the default TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index, and PUCCH transmission occasions 3, 4, 7, 8 are associated with the other of the default TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index. Other occasion-default TCI state associations are also within the scope of the present disclosure. Figure 3

[0080] Figure 5 An example diagram for semi-semi mapping of PUCCH transmission is shown in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Some embodiments of PUCCH transmission (e.g., for semi-semi mapping) have a repetition number of, for example, eight. Other repetition numbers are also within the scope of the present disclosure. For semi-semi mapping, each repetition is associated with one TCI state. For example, in some embodiments (such as the one shown) PUCCH transmission occasions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 are associated with the same TCI state. Other occasion-TCI state associations are also within the scope of the present disclosure. Figure 5 ​​In one of the cases shown, PUCCH transmission occasion 1 is associated with one of the default TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index, and PUCCH transmission occasion 2 is associated with the other of the default TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index.

[0081] In some embodiments, for PUCCH repetition transmission, if different TCI states can be used for different PUCCH repetition occasions, the lowest indexed CORESET is activated with two TCI states, or the default TCI state for PUCCH repetition is the lowest indexed CORESET activated with two TCI states.

[0082] In some embodiments, for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) repetition Type A, the default TCI state or the default path loss RS for PUSCH is the TCI state activated for the lowest indexed CORESET, and the PUSCH repetition mapping includes at least one sequence mapping, cyclic mapping, or semi- semi mapping. In some embodiments, two TCI states of the lowest indexed CORESET can be used for different PUSCH repetition occasions.

[0083] For codebook-based PUSCH transmission, two sounding reference signal (SRS) resources or resource sets can be indicated to the UE. In some embodiments, if no spatial relation or path loss RS is configured for SRS, one or more default path loss RSs are one or more RSs contained in the lowest indexed CORESET. In some embodiments, if a CORESET is activated with two TCI states, one or more RSs in the two TCI states can be used as one or more default path loss RSs for the two SRS resource sets, and the two TCI states of the CORESET are associated with different SRS resource sets. However, in some embodiments, if the activated downlink bandwidth part is not configured with a CORESET, one or more default path loss RSs for the two SRS resource sets can be associated with one or more RSs in the two TCI states of the lowest indexed codepoint, and the two TCI states of the codepoint are associated with different SRS resource sets.

[0084] Each of the two groups of transmission occasions for PUCCH repetition or PUSCH repetition can be associated with at least one of the following: an SRS resource set; an SRS resource; a spatial relation; a TCI state; a PUSCH frequency hop; QCL information; or a power control parameter set.

[0085] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a method 600 for beam failure recovery according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Reference is made to Figures 1-5In some embodiments, the method 600 can be performed by a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) and / or a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station). Additional, fewer, or different operations can be performed in the method 600, according to embodiments.

[0086] Briefly, in some embodiments, a wireless communication device determines at least one reference signal of at least one transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state from reference signals of a control resource set (CORESET) for beam failure detection (operation 610). The wireless communication device determines at least one measurement from the at least one reference signal for comparison to a threshold (operation 620).

[0087] In more detail, at operation 610, in some embodiments, the wireless communication device determines at least one reference signal of at least one transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state from reference signals of a control resource set (CORESET) for beam failure detection. In some embodiments, the reference signals of the CORESET activated with two TCI states indicate a single frequency network (SFN) scenario or configuration. In some embodiments, the at least one reference signal is a reference signal resource, a reference signal resource set, a reference signal resource pair, or a reference signal resource set pair. In some embodiments, the CORESET is activated with two TCI states.

[0088] In some embodiments, the at least one reference signal determined for beam failure detection includes one reference signal of one of the two (e.g., activated) TCI states having a higher reference signal received power (RSRP) or signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) than another reference signal of the other of the two TCI states; a quasi co-location (QCL) assumption including a Doppler shift or delay information; being configured for beam failure detection via radio resource control (RRC) or medium access control control element (MAC CE) signaling; or being predetermined (e.g., identified / configured for beam failure detection) according to a default TCI state.

[0089] In some embodiments, the at least one reference signal is from: the two TCI states of the CORESET activated with two TCI states, a TCI state selected according to an order of an index (ID) of the CORESET, a TCI state selected according to an order of an RSRP value, or a TCI state of the CORESET selected according to a periodicity size of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0090] At operation 620, in some embodiments, the wireless communication device determines at least one measurement from the at least one reference signal for comparison to a threshold. In some embodiments, the measurement includes at least one of a block error rate (BLER), RSRP, or SINR.

[0091] In some embodiments, the at least one reference signal determined for beam failure detection includes reference signals of two TCI states, and the at least one measurement includes at least one of a separate measurement or a combined measurement. For example, in some embodiments, the at least one reference signal includes one separate measurement and one combined measurement of one CORESET. In some embodiments, the at least one reference signal includes two separate measurements of one CORESET. In some embodiments, the at least one reference signal includes two separate measurements and one combined measurement of one CORESET. In some embodiments, the combined measurement is for a pair of reference signal resources or a pair of sets of reference signal resources.

[0092] In some embodiments, the separate measurement is one of two measurements, each determined from a respective reference signal associated with a respective one of the two TCI states, where the respective reference signal has a higher RSRP or SINR than another reference signal of another one of the two TCI states, a QCL assumption including Doppler shift or delay information, configured for beam failure detection via RRC or MAC CE signaling, or predetermined for beam failure detection according to a default TCI state.

[0093] In some embodiments, the combined measurement includes a smaller one of the two measurements, an average or mean of the two measurements, or a weighted combination of the two measurements. In some embodiments, the weighted combination of the two measurements is a combination according to a ratio of RSRP or SINR of the two measurements. In some embodiments, whether the at least one measurement includes a separate measurement or a combined measurement is configured via RRC signaling.

[0094] In some embodiments, the at least one measurement includes a combined measurement, and is dependent on a SFN-based physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission assumption. In some embodiments, the SFN-based PDCCH transmission assumption includes a power boost of an assumed PDCCH resource element (RE) energy to an average search space set (SSS) RE energy ratio, a power boost of an assumed PDCCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) energy to an average SSS RE energy ratio, and / or a numerology for SFN PDCCH transmission.

[0095] Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating a method 700 for introducing or adding one or more new beams is shown in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Reference is made to FIG. 1 for purposes of explanation of the method 700. Figures 1-5In some embodiments, the method 700 can be performed by a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) and / or a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station). Additional, fewer, or different operations can be performed in the method 700, according to embodiments.

[0096] Briefly summarized, in some embodiments, a wireless communication device receives a plurality of candidate beams (operation 710). In some embodiments, the wireless communication device reports at least one new beam to a wireless communication node (at operation 720).

[0097] In more detail, at operation 710, in some embodiments, the wireless communication device receives a number of candidate beams. In some embodiments, a number of beam pairs (e.g., pairs of beams) to be measured (N) is configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and is formed by 2N (a number) of candidate beams and remaining beams, and the remaining candidate beams are to be measured individually.

[0098] At operation 720, in some embodiments, the wireless communication device reports at least one new beam to the wireless communication node. In some embodiments, the at least one new beam is associated with at least one reference signal resource or set of reference signal resources. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device reports or indicates only one new beam to the wireless communication node, and can cause a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) to be transmitted in a non-single frequency network (SFN) manner.

[0099] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device reports two new beams as a beam pair to the wireless communication node. In some embodiments, each link or control resource set (CORESET) after beam failure recovery uses the two new beams, regardless of whether the corresponding CORESET supported two TCI states before beam failure recovery. In some embodiments, each CORESET that had two TCI states before beam failure recovery can use the two new beams after beam failure recovery, and each CORESET that had one TCI state before beam failure recovery can use one of the two new beams after beam failure recovery. In some embodiments, a CORESET used for linking to a search space set uses the two new beams (e.g., two new TCI states).

[0100] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device reports two new beams as a beam pair and a new individual beam to the wireless communication node, where each CORESET that had two TCI states before beam failure recovery can use the beam pair after beam failure recovery, and each CORESET that had one TCI state before beam failure recovery can use the new individual beam after beam failure recovery.

[0101] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device determines at least one measurement from at least one reference signal corresponding to at least one beam for comparison to a threshold. In some embodiments, the measurement comprises at least one of a block error rate (BLER), a reference signal received power (RSRP), or a signal to interference noise ratio (SINR).

[0102] In some embodiments, the at least one reference signal comprises one reference signal of the first beam that has a higher RSRP or SINR than another reference signal of the other beam, includes a QCL assumption of Doppler shift or delay information, is configured via RRC or MAC CE signaling, and / or is predetermined from a default beam.

[0103] In some embodiments, the at least one reference signal comprises reference signals of the two new beams, and the at least one measurement comprises at least one of separate measurements or a combined measurement.

[0104] In some embodiments, the separate measurements are two measurements, each determined from a respective reference signal associated with a respective one of the two beams, wherein the respective reference signal: has a higher RSRP or SINR than another reference signal of the other beam of the two beams, includes a QCL assumption of Doppler shift or delay information, is configured via RRC or MAC CE signaling, and / or is predetermined from a default beam.

[0105] In some embodiments, the combined measurement comprises: a smaller one of the two measurements, an average or mean of the two measurements, or a weighted combination of the two measurements. In some embodiments, the weighted combination of the two measurements is a combination according to a ratio of RSRP or SINR of the two measurements. In some embodiments, the at least one measurement is configured to comprise separate measurements or a combined measurement via RRC signaling.

[0106] Figure 8 A flow diagram illustrating a method 800 for using one or more TCI states on one or more uplink transmissions, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, is shown. Reference is made to Figures 1-5 In some embodiments, the method 800 can be performed by a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) and / or a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station). Depending on the embodiment, additional, fewer, or different operations can be performed in the method 800.

[0107] At operation 810, in some embodiments, if a first control resource set (CORESET) with a lowest index is activated with two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states, and two sets of physical uplink transmissions are configured, the wireless communication device uses the two TCI states of the first CORESET on a different one of the two sets of physical uplink transmissions. In some embodiments, the two TCI states of the first CORESET on the different one of the two sets of physical uplink transmissions include at least one of the following: a spatial relation of reference signals of the two TCI states; a set of power control parameters; or path loss related information.

[0108] In some embodiments, the two sets of physical uplink transmissions include at least one of the following: two sets of transmission occasions of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); two sets of transmission occasions of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); or two sets of sounding reference signal (SRS) resources. In some embodiments, each set of physical uplink transmissions is associated with at least one of the following: a set of SRS resources; an SRS resource; a spatial relation; a TCI state; a transmission frequency hopping; quasi co-location (QCL) information; or a set of power control parameters. In some embodiments, a default TCI state of the two sets of physical uplink transmissions should be from the first CORESET with a lowest index, or from the first CORESET with a highest index.

[0109] Figure 9 A flowchart of a method 900 for introducing or adding one or more new beams is shown in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Reference is made to Figures 1-5 In some embodiments, the method 900 can be performed by a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) and / or a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station). Additional, fewer, or different operations can be performed in the method 900, according to embodiments.

[0110] Briefly summarized, in some embodiments, the wireless communication node transmits a number of candidate beams to the wireless communication device (operation 910). In some embodiments, the wireless communication node receives at least one new beam from the wireless communication device (at operation 920).

[0111] In more detail, at operation 910, in some embodiments, the wireless communication node transmits / indicates / configures a number of candidate beams to the wireless communication device. In some embodiments, the number of beam pairs to be measured (N) is configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and can be formed by 2N number of candidate beams, and the rest of the candidate beams will be measured individually.

[0112] At operation 920, in some embodiments, the wireless communication node receives at least one new beam from the wireless communication device. In some embodiments, the at least one new beam is associated with at least one reference signal resource or set of reference signal resources.

[0113] In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform any of the methods described above. In some embodiments, an apparatus comprises at least one processor configured to implement any of the methods described above.

[0114] While various embodiments of the present solution have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Likewise, the various figures can depict example architectures or configurations, which can be employed, as part of the present solution, and which are generally provided as a source of examples. However, as one skilled in the art will appreciate, the present solution is not limited to the illustrated example architectures or configurations, but can be employed with various other architectures and configurations. Additionally, the features illustrated in one or more of the figures can be combined with features illustrated in one or more other figures. Furthermore, other features can be omitted or combined. Therefore, the breadth and scope of the present solution should not be limited to any of the above-described example embodiments.

[0115] It should also be understood that any reference to elements in the present disclosure using a designation such as "first", "second", and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order for which those elements are employed in the description and claims. Rather, these designations can be used herein as a convenient method of distinguishing between various elements or instances of elements. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner.

[0116] In addition, one skilled in the art will appreciate that a wide variety of different technologies and techniques can be used to represent information and signals. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, and symbols that can be referenced throughout the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0117] Those of ordinary skill in the art will further appreciate that any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., a number of logic devices, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two), firmware, various forms of program or design code containing instructions (which can be referred to herein, for convenience, as "software" or a "software module"), or any combination of these. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality, without reference to the particular manner in which such functionality is implemented. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware, firmware or software depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans can implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0118] In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, devices, components and circuits described herein can be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (IC), which can include a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or a combination of these. The logical blocks, modules and circuits can also include antennas and / or transceivers to communicate with various components within a network or within a device. The general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration to perform the functions described herein.

[0119] If implemented in software, the functions can be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Therefore, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program or code from one place to another. Storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, functional computer- readable media that stores program code in a modulated data signal, such as carrier waves or other transport mechanism, can be utilized to communicate a desired program code (e.g., instructions) or software in the form of data packets or data signals. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0120] In this document, the term "module" as used herein, refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements that is used to perform the associated functions described herein. Furthermore, for discussion purposes, various modules have been described as discrete modules; however, as will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, two or more modules can be combined into a single module and / or a module can be implemented in multiple modules performing related or identical functions.

[0121] Additionally, memory or other storage, as well as communication components can be employed in embodiments of the present solution. It should be understood that, for clarity's sake, the above description has described embodiments of the present solution with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it is apparent for a person skilled in the art that these different functional units, processing logic elements or any suitable distribution of functions between the domains can be used without deviating from the present solution. For example, functions shown as performed by separate processing logic elements or controllers can be performed by the same processing logic element or controller. Reference to a specific functional unit is thus only a reference to a suitable means for providing the described functionality, not an indication of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.

[0122] Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein can be applied to other implementations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein and made apparent to others skilled in the art by the teachings herein.

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication, comprising: receiving, by a wireless communication device, an indication that one of two transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states includes a Doppler shift when pre-compensation is configured; determining, by the wireless communication device, a reference signal of the one TCI state from a reference signal of a control resource set, CORESET, for beam failure detection, wherein the CORESET is from a plurality of CORESETs and is used to monitor a physical downlink control channel, PDCCH, based on a single frequency network, SFN; determining, by the wireless communication device, at least one measurement from the reference signal of the one TCI state, wherein a measurement result is used to compare to a threshold corresponding to a level at which a downlink radio link cannot be reliably received, wherein the at least one measurement includes a separate measurement of a block error rate, BLER, of the reference signal of the one TCI state, and wherein the separate measurement is triggered by a radio resource control, RRC, signaling configuration field value of "0"; and in response to the measurement result being greater than the threshold, incrementing a counter for a new beam indication.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, the CORESET is activated with two TCI states.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, the CORESET has a lowest CORESET ID of a plurality of CORESETs.

4. The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, the at least one measurement further includes a combined measurement of the two TCI states, the combined measurement dependent on a PDCCH transmission assumption based on the SFN.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, the combined measurement further includes a weighted BLER, wherein the weighted BLER is based on a ratio of reference signal received power, RSRP, or a ratio of signal to interference noise ratio, SINR, of each of two reference signals.

6. A wireless communication device, comprising: a memory and at least one processor configured to read indications from the memory to perform the following operations: receiving, via a receiver, an indication that one of two transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states includes a Doppler shift when pre-compensation is configured; determining a reference signal of the one TCI state from a reference signal of a control resource set, CORESET, for beam failure detection, wherein the CORESET is from a plurality of CORESETs and is used to monitor a physical downlink control channel, PDCCH, based on a single frequency network, SFN; determining, by the wireless communication device, at least one measurement from the reference signal of the one TCI state, wherein a measurement result is used to compare to a threshold corresponding to a level at which a downlink radio link cannot be reliably received, wherein the at least one measurement includes a separate measurement of a block error rate, BLER, of the reference signal of the one TCI state, and wherein the separate measurement is triggered by a radio resource control, RRC, signaling configuration field value of "0"; and in response to the measurement result being greater than the threshold, incrementing a counter for a new beam indication.

7. The wireless communication device of claim 6, wherein, the CORESET is activated with two TCI states.

8. The wireless communication device of claim 6, wherein, the CORESET has a lowest CORESET ID of a plurality of CORESETs.

9. The wireless communication device of any one of claims 6-8, wherein, The at least one measurement further comprises a combined measurement of the two TCI states, the combined measurement depending on a PDCCH transmission assumption based on the SFN.

10. The wireless communication device of claim 6, wherein, The combined measurement further comprises a weighted BLER, wherein the weighted BLER is based on a ratio of reference signal received power, RSRP, or a ratio of signal to interference noise ratio, SINR, of each of the two reference signals.

11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, are capable of causing the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving, via a receiver, an indication that one of two transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states comprises a Doppler shift when pre-compensation is configured; determining a reference signal of the one TCI state from a reference signal of a control resource set, CORESET, for beam failure detection, wherein the CORESET is from a plurality of CORESETs and is used for monitoring a physical downlink control channel, PDCCH, based on a single frequency network, SFN; and determining at least one measurement from a reference signal of the one TCI state, wherein a measurement result is used for comparison with a threshold corresponding to a level at which a downlink radio link cannot be reliably received, wherein the at least one measurement comprises a separate measurement of a block error rate, BLER, of the reference signal of the one TCI state, and wherein the separate measurement is triggered by a radio resource control, RRC, signaling configuration field value "0"; and in response to the measurement result being greater than the threshold, incrementing a counter for a new beam indication.

12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein, The CORESET is activated two TCI states.

13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein, The CORESET has a lowest CORESET ID of a plurality of CORESETs.

14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any one of claims 11-13, wherein, The at least one measurement further comprises a combined measurement of the two TCI states, the combined measurement depending on a PDCCH transmission assumption based on the SFN.

15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein, The combined measurement further comprises a weighted BLER, wherein the weighted BLER is based on a ratio of reference signal received power, RSRP, or a ratio of signal to interference noise ratio, SINR, of each of the two reference signals.

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