Land preparation machine and operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a tillage machine and an operation method thereof, which relates to the field of agricultural machinery, including a stubble strip cleaning device and multiple strip deep loosening and tillage devices, wherein the stubble strip cleaning device comprises a frame, a walking mechanism, a first fixed plate, a second fixed plate, a cleaning mechanism and a transmission mechanism, wherein the cleaning mechanism comprises a knife shaft and multiple straw cleaning components, wherein the multiple straw cleaning components are sequentially arranged on the knife shaft along the axial direction; the strip deep loosening and tillage device comprises an elastic bracket, a first mounting bracket, a soil disturbing and ridging bracket, a soil crushing and suppressing bracket, a deep loosening shovel, a soil disturbing and ridging device and a soil crushing and suppressing wheel, wherein the deep loosening shovel and the soil disturbing and ridging bracket are sequentially arranged on the first mounting bracket from front to back, the soil disturbing and ridging device is arranged at the lower end of the soil disturbing and ridging bracket, and the soil crushing and suppressing wheel is rotatably installed at the lower end of the soil crushing and suppressing bracket. The tillage machine and the operation method thereof effectively solve the problems in the straw surface covering protective tillage technology in the cold and cool areas of Northeast China, and have the characteristics of saving farming time, saving costs, increasing efficiency, environmental protection and sustainability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a tillage machine and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Straw surface covering is an important part of conservation tillage. However, for the cold areas above the third accumulated temperature zone in the Northeast, if straw (taking corn straw as an example) is used to cover the entire surface, the humidity in the sowing seedling strip will be high, the temperature will be low, and the warming will be slow. The high soil moisture content will cause the machinery to be unable to enter the field in time, and the parts of the machinery that touch the soil will easily become blocked and adhere, which will reduce the work quality and seriously affect seed emergence and later growth. Therefore, autumn straw surface covering strip tillage operations can be used. This not only realizes the return of straw to the field, but also increases the area of ​​the seedling strip soil exposed to the air, which is conducive to water evaporation and increasing the temperature of the seed strip.

[0003] At present, there are two main types of straw surface mulching and strip tillage technology: (1) crop harvesting (crushing) - stubble removal (1-2 times) - active strip tillage and deep loosening (1 time); (2) crop harvesting (crushing) - stubble removal (2 times) - passive strip straw cleaning and deep loosening (1 time). Due to the high yield of corn straw in Northeast China, the stalks are thick and strong, and in order to ensure that strip tillage does not block, the straw needs to be crushed many times, resulting in high power consumption and serious soil compaction caused by multiple machine entry. Active strip tillage has a great damage to the soil structure and is not suitable for key promotion and application in conservation tillage production. Passive strip straw cleaning has poor straw cleaning effect, heavy machine, poor soil crushing effect, and is very easy to block. In addition, the autumn land preparation time in Northeast China is short, so it cannot be efficiently applied to operations in the cold and cool areas of Northeast China. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a tillage machine and an operating method thereof, which effectively solves the problems arising from the straw surface covering protective tillage technology in the cold and cool areas of Northeast China, and has the characteristics of saving farming time, saving costs, increasing efficiency, being environmentally friendly and sustainable.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a tillage machine, including a stubble strip cleaning device and a plurality of strip deep loosening and tillage devices, the stubble strip cleaning device including a frame, a walking mechanism, a first fixed plate, a second fixed plate, a cleaning mechanism and a transmission mechanism, the walking mechanism is installed on the frame, the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the front end of the frame, the cleaning mechanism includes a knife shaft and a plurality of straw cleaning parts, the two ends of the knife shaft are respectively rotatably installed on the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate, the plurality of straw cleaning parts are sequentially arranged on the knife shaft along the axial direction, the transmission mechanism is used to be connected to a power source to drive the knife shaft to rotate; the plurality of strip deep loosening and tillage devices are arranged from left to right in accordance with The strip deep tillage device is arranged at the rear end of the frame, each of the strip deep tillage devices corresponds to a position of the straw clearing component, and the strip deep tillage device includes an elastic bracket, a first mounting bracket, a soil disturbing and ridging bracket, a soil crushing and suppressing bracket, a deep tillage shovel, a soil disturbing and ridging device and a soil crushing and suppressing wheel. The elastic bracket can be detachably mounted on the rear end of the frame, the first mounting bracket is arranged at the rear end of the elastic bracket, the deep tillage shovel and the soil disturbing and ridging bracket are arranged on the first mounting bracket in sequence from front to back, the soil disturbing and ridging device is arranged at the lower end of the soil disturbing and ridging bracket, the soil crushing and suppressing bracket is arranged at the rear end of the first mounting bracket, and the soil crushing and suppressing wheel is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the soil crushing and suppressing bracket.

[0007] Preferably, the straw clearing component comprises a knife roller, a plurality of knife seats and a plurality of knife teeth, the knife roller is fixedly sleeved on the knife shaft, each of the knife teeth is fixed on the knife shaft through a knife seat, and the plurality of knife teeth are arranged in the form of a single-start spiral line.

[0008] Preferably, the transmission mechanism includes an intermediate gear transmission box, a universal transmission shaft and a side gear transmission box, the intermediate gear transmission box is arranged on the upper part of the frame, the side gear transmission box is arranged on the second fixed plate, the power input end of the intermediate gear transmission box is used to connect to the power source, the power output end of the intermediate gear transmission box is connected to the power input end of the side gear transmission box through the universal transmission shaft, and the power output end of the side gear transmission box is connected to one end of the knife shaft.

[0009] Preferably, the walking mechanism includes two walking components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rear end of the frame, the walking components include a first connecting frame, a second connecting frame, a first pin shaft, a second pin shaft, a bidirectional lead screw and a contoured ground wheel, the first connecting frame is arranged on the frame, the upper end of the second connecting frame is hinged to the first connecting frame, the first pin shaft is rotatably installed on the upper part of the rear end of the first connecting frame, the second pin shaft is rotatably installed on the upper part of the rear end of the second connecting frame, the first pin shaft is provided with a first threaded hole, the second pin shaft is provided with a second threaded hole, and both ends of the bidirectional lead screw are respectively installed in the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole.

[0010] The two ends of the first and second ends of the first and second ends of the second end are connected with each other through the hinge parts of each other, and the two ends of the first and second ends of the second end are connected with each other through the chest joint and the chest joint.

[0011] Preferably, the elastic bracket is installed on the frame through a connecting mechanism, and the connecting mechanism includes a plurality of U-shaped bolts and a plurality of nuts, each of the U-shaped bolts is installed on the frame, and the rear end of the U-shaped bolt passes through the front clamp and is installed with two of the nuts.

[0012] Preferably, the soil disturbing ridging support comprises a horizontal tube, two horizontal members, two vertical tubes, two vertical members, two first positioning pins and two second positioning pins, the horizontal tube is fixed to the rear end of the first mounting frame, the two horizontal members are respectively slidably sleeved on the two ends of the horizontal tube, a first positioning hole is arranged at both ends of the horizontal tube, a plurality of first adjustment holes are arranged on each of the horizontal members along the length direction, and each of the first positioning pins is used to pass through one of the first positioning holes and one of the first adjustment holes to thereby install the horizontal member on the horizontal tube; a vertical tube is arranged at one end of each of the horizontal members away from the horizontal tube, a second positioning hole is arranged on the vertical tube, a plurality of second adjustment holes are arranged on the vertical member along the length direction, each of the vertical members is slidably sleeved in one of the vertical tubes, and each of the second positioning pins is used to pass through one of the second positioning holes and one of the second adjustment holes to thereby install the vertical member on the vertical tube; the soil disturbing ridging device comprises two notched rake blades, and each of the notched rake blades is rotatably mounted on the lower end of one of the vertical members.

[0013] Preferably, the soil crushing and suppressing support includes a connecting piece, an inclined tube, an inclined piece and a third positioning pin, the connecting piece is arranged at the rear end of the first mounting frame, the inclined tube is arranged at the rear end of the connecting piece, the inclined tube is inclined downward from front to back, a third positioning hole is arranged on the inclined tube, a plurality of third adjustment holes are arranged on the inclined piece along the length direction, the inclined piece is slidably sleeved in the inclined tube, the third positioning pin is used to pass through one of the third positioning hole and one of the third adjustment hole to thereby install the inclined piece on the inclined tube, a second mounting frame is arranged at the lower end of the inclined piece, and the soil crushing and suppressing wheel is rotatably installed on the second mounting frame.

[0014] Preferably, the soil crushing and suppressing wheel includes two symmetrically arranged soil crushing and suppressing components, a support shaft is provided at both ends of the left and right ends of the second mounting frame, the soil crushing and suppressing component includes a main board, a bearing chamber, a bearing and a plurality of elastic soil crushing teeth, the bearing chamber is fixed to the middle part of the main board, the bearing is installed in the bearing chamber, the inner ring of each bearing is fixedly sleeved on one of the support shafts, and a plurality of elastic soil crushing teeth are sequentially provided on the inner side of the main board along the circumferential direction.

[0015] The present invention also provides an operation method of a tillage machine, comprising the following steps: after the crops are harvested, the straw is not crushed and covered on the ground, the frame is driven to move by a power device, and the power source of the power device is connected to the transmission mechanism, so as to drive the knife shaft to rotate, and the straw cleaning component picks up the straw and part of the soil in the straw cleaning strip and transports them forward, so as to prepare a clean strip without straw; the deep loosening shovel loosens the soil under the action of its own gravity and the elastic bracket, and the loosened soil forms a ridge-shaped structure of a certain height under the action of the soil disturbing ridger, and the loose ridge-shaped strip is formed after the soil crushing action of the soil crushing and pressing wheel.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0017] The tillage machine of the present invention comprises a stubble strip cleaning device and a plurality of strip deep loosening and land preparation devices, which are suitable for implementing straw mulching protective tillage technology in cold and cool areas of Northeast China for autumn strip tillage and land preparation operations. The straw covered on the ground surface does not require any treatment, and the machine can complete a series of functions such as straw cleaning, strip deep loosening, soil crushing, micro ridge formation, and suppression in one operation. The stubble strip cleaning device completes the lateral cleaning of the straw, with a small amount of soil movement, and can achieve high-quality straw cleaning and high-speed operation. The matching strip deep loosening and land preparation device creates a straw-free strip tillage machine. Covering loose ridge-shaped strips increases the contact area between the soil in the strips and the air and sunlight. At the same time, moderate suppression ensures the soil porosity inside the strips and increases the flow of natural wind, which can adjust the soil moisture, dispel cold and increase temperature, meet the requirements of timely sowing, thereby increasing crop yields, and effectively solves the problems arising from the straw surface covering protective tillage technology in the cold and cool areas of Northeast China. It has the characteristics of saving farming time, saving costs, increasing efficiency, being environmentally friendly and sustainable, and can achieve a win-win situation in economic, social and ecological terms for efficient planting in cold and cool areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a tillage machine provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A first three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a stubble strip cleaning device in a tillage machine provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 A second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the stubble strip cleaning device in the tillage machine provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a cleaning mechanism in a tillage machine provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a straw cleaning component in a tillage machine provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a walking assembly in a tillage machine provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a strip deep tillage device in a tillage machine provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of an elastic support in a tillage machine provided by the present invention;

[0027] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a soil crushing and pressing assembly in a tillage machine provided by the present invention;

[0028] Fig.10 A top view of a strip deep tillage device in a tillage machine provided by the present invention;

[0029] Fig.11 A rear view of a soil crushing and pressing assembly in a tillage machine provided by the present invention;

[0030] Fig.12 The present invention provides a rear view of the strip deep tillage device in the tillage machine.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Stubble strip cleaning device; 2. Strip deep loosening and land preparation device; 3. Frame; 4. First fixed plate; 5. Second fixed plate; 6. Rectifier plate; 7. Traction frame; 8. Intermediate gear transmission box; 9. Universal transmission shaft; 10. Side gear transmission box; 11. Cutter shaft; 12. Connecting bearing; 13. Straw cleaning component; 131. Cutter roller; 132. Cutter seat; 133. Cutter teeth; 14. First connecting frame; 15. Second connecting frame; 16. Contour ground wheel; 17. First pin shaft; 18. Second pin shaft; 19. Bidirectional lead screw; 20. U-bolt; 21. Front fixture; 22. Rear fixture ; 23. Upper connecting rod; 24. Lower connecting rod; 25. Front upper pin; 26. Front lower pin; 27. Rear upper pin; 28. Rear lower pin; 29. ​​Upper connecting plate; 30. Lower connecting plate; 31. Pressure spring; 32. First mounting bracket; 33. Deep loosening shovel; 34. Horizontal pipe; 35. Horizontal member; 36. First locating pin; 37. Vertical pipe; 38. Vertical member; 39. Second locating pin; 40. Notched rake blade; 41. Connecting member; 42. Inclined pipe; 43. Inclined member; 44. Third locating pin; 45. Second mounting bracket; 46. Main board; 47. Bearing chamber; 48. Elastic soil crushing teeth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tillage machine and an operating method thereof, which effectively solve the problems arising in the straw surface covering protective tillage technology in the cold and cool areas of Northeast China, and has the characteristics of saving farming time, saving costs, increasing efficiency, being environmentally friendly and sustainable.

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] like Figure 1-Figure 12 As shown, this embodiment provides a tillage machine, including a stubble strip cleaning device 1 and a plurality of strip deep loosening and tillage devices 2, the stubble strip cleaning device 1 includes a frame 3, a walking mechanism, a first fixed plate 4, a second fixed plate 5, a cleaning mechanism and a transmission mechanism, the walking mechanism is installed on the frame 3, the first fixed plate 4 and the second fixed plate 5 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the front end of the frame 3, the cleaning mechanism includes a knife shaft 11 and a plurality of straw cleaning components 13, the two ends of the knife shaft 11 are respectively rotatably installed on the first fixed plate 4 and the second fixed plate 5, the plurality of straw cleaning components 13 are sequentially arranged on the knife shaft 11 along the axial direction, and the transmission mechanism is used to connect with a power source to drive the knife shaft 11 to rotate; the plurality of strip deep loosening and tillage devices 2 are arranged from left to right They are arranged in sequence at the rear end of the frame 3, and each strip deep tillage device 2 corresponds to a straw clearing component 13. The strip deep tillage device 2 includes an elastic bracket, a first mounting frame 32, a soil disturbing and ridging bracket, a soil crushing and pressing bracket, a deep tillage shovel 33, a soil disturbing and ridging device and a soil crushing and pressing wheel. The elastic bracket can be detachably mounted on the rear end of the frame 3, the first mounting frame 32 is arranged at the rear end of the elastic bracket, the deep tillage shovel 33 and the soil disturbing and ridging bracket are arranged in sequence on the first mounting frame 32 from front to back, the soil disturbing and ridging device is arranged at the lower end of the soil disturbing and ridging bracket, the soil crushing and pressing bracket is arranged at the rear end of the first mounting frame 32, the soil crushing and pressing wheel is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the soil crushing and pressing bracket, and the soil crushing and pressing wheel is located at the rear end of the soil disturbing and ridging device.

[0036] like Figure 5 As shown, the straw cleaning component 13 includes a knife roller 131, a plurality of knife seats 132 and a plurality of knife teeth 133. The knife roller 131 is fixedly mounted on the knife shaft 11. Each knife tooth 133 is fixed to the knife shaft 11 through a knife seat 132. The plurality of knife teeth 133 are arranged in a single-head spiral line form.

[0037] Both ends of the knife shaft 11 are rotatably mounted on the first fixing plate 4 and the second fixing plate 5 through a connecting bearing 12. The first fixing plate 4 is a short plate, and the second fixing plate 5 is a long plate, that is, the length of the second fixing plate 5 is greater than the length of the first fixing plate 4.

[0038] The transmission mechanism includes an intermediate gear transmission box 8, a universal transmission shaft 9 and a side gear transmission box 10. The intermediate gear transmission box 8 is arranged on the upper part of the frame 3, and the side gear transmission box 10 is arranged on the second fixed plate 5. The power input end of the intermediate gear transmission box 8 is used to connect with the power source, and the power output end of the intermediate gear transmission box 8 is connected with the power input end of the side gear transmission box 10 through the universal transmission shaft 9. The coaxiality accuracy of the assembly is reduced by adopting the universal transmission shaft 9, and the power output end of the side gear transmission box 10 is connected with one end of the cutter shaft 11. When working, the power source transmits power to the cutter shaft 11 through the intermediate gear transmission box 8, the universal transmission shaft 9 and the side gear transmission box 10 in sequence, thereby causing the straw cleaning component 13 on the cutter shaft 11 to rotate.

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, the walking mechanism includes two walking components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rear end of the frame 3, and the walking components include a first connecting frame 14, a second connecting frame 15, a first pin shaft 17, a second pin shaft 18, a bidirectional lead screw 19 and a contoured ground wheel 16. The first connecting frame 14 is arranged on the frame 3, and the upper end of the second connecting frame 15 is hinged to the first connecting frame 14, the first pin shaft 17 is rotatably installed on the upper part of the rear end of the first connecting frame 14, and the second pin shaft 18 is rotatably installed on the upper part of the rear end of the second connecting frame 15. The first pin shaft 17 is provided with a first threaded hole, and the second pin shaft 18 is provided with a second threaded hole, and both ends of the bidirectional lead screw 19 are respectively installed in the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole. When it is necessary to adjust the height of the straw cleaning component 13 from the ground surface, the bidirectional screw 19 is rotated to make the first pin shaft 17 and the second pin shaft 18 move toward or away from each other, so that the angle between the second connecting frame 15 and the second connecting frame 15 changes, that is, the longitudinal relative position of the contoured wheel 16 and the frame 3 changes. It should be noted that the longitudinal direction here refers to the front-to-back direction.

[0040] In this embodiment, a rectifier plate 6 is arranged at the upper part of the front end of the frame 3, and the rectifier plate 6 is arranged downwardly tilted from the back to the front. A traction frame 7 is arranged at the upper part of the frame 3, and the traction frame 7 is used to connect with the power device, so that the power device can drive the frame 3 to move.

[0041] like Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the elastic bracket includes a front fixture 21, a rear fixture 22, an upper connecting plate 29, a lower connecting plate 30, a pressure spring 31, a front end upper pin shaft 25, a front end lower pin shaft 26, a rear end upper pin shaft 27, a rear end lower pin shaft 28, two upper connecting rods 23 and two lower connecting rods 24, the front ends of the two upper connecting rods 23 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the upper inner wall of the front fixture 21, the front ends of the two lower connecting rods 24 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the lower inner wall of the front fixture 21, the rear ends of the two upper connecting rods 23 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the upper inner wall of the rear fixture 22, the rear ends of the two lower connecting rods 24 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the lower inner wall of the rear fixture 22, and the two ends of the front end upper pin shaft 25 are respectively rotatably mounted on the front ends of the two upper connecting rods 23 and the two ends of the upper part of the front fixture 21, the two ends of the front end lower pin shaft 26 are respectively rotatably installed on the front ends of the two lower connecting rods 24 and the two ends of the lower part of the front fixture 21, the two ends of the rear end upper pin shaft 27 are respectively rotatably installed on the rear ends of the two upper connecting rods 23 and the two ends of the upper part of the rear fixture 22, the two ends of the rear end lower pin shaft 28 are respectively rotatably installed on the rear ends of the two lower connecting rods 24 and the two ends of the lower part of the rear fixture 22, the lower connecting plate 30 is fixed on the front end lower pin shaft 26, the upper connecting plate 29 is clamped on the upper parts of the two upper connecting rods 23, the two ends of the pressure spring 31 are respectively connected to the upper connecting plate 29 and the lower connecting plate 30, the front fixture 21 can be detachably installed on the rear end of the frame 3, and the first mounting frame 32 is fixed to the rear end of the rear fixture 22.

[0042] The elastic bracket is installed on the frame 3 through a connecting mechanism, and the connecting mechanism includes a plurality of U-shaped bolts 20 and a plurality of nuts. Each U-shaped bolt 20 is installed on the frame 3, and the rear end of the U-shaped bolt 20 passes through the front clamp 21 and is installed with two nuts, and then the front clamp 21 is installed on the frame 3 to realize the installation of the strip deep loosening and leveling device 2.

[0043] like Figure 7As shown, the soil disturbing ridging support includes a horizontal tube 34, two horizontal members 35, two vertical tubes 37, two vertical members 38, two first positioning pins 36 and two second positioning pins 39. The horizontal tube 34 is fixed to the rear end of the first mounting frame 32. The two horizontal members 35 are slidably sleeved on the two ends of the horizontal tube 34 respectively. Both ends of the horizontal tube 34 are provided with a first positioning hole. Each horizontal member 35 is provided with a plurality of first adjustment holes along the length direction. Each first positioning pin 36 is used to pass through a first positioning hole and a first adjustment hole to install the horizontal member 35 on the horizontal tube 34. By installing the first positioning pin 36 in different first adjustment holes, the horizontal member 35 and the water can be adjusted. The relative position of the horizontal tube 34; a vertical tube 37 is provided at one end of each horizontal member 35 away from the horizontal tube 34, a second positioning hole is provided on the vertical tube 37, and a plurality of second adjustment holes are provided on the vertical member 38 along the length direction, each vertical member 38 is slidably sleeved in a vertical tube 37, and each second positioning pin 39 is used to pass through a second positioning hole and a second adjustment hole to install the vertical member 38 on the vertical tube 37, and the relative position between the vertical member 38 and the vertical tube 37 can be adjusted by installing the second positioning pin 39 in different second adjustment holes; the soil disturber ridge former includes two notched rake blades 40, and each notched rake blade 40 is rotatably installed at the lower end of a vertical member 38.

[0044] By adjusting the relative position of the horizontal member 35 and the horizontal tube 34, the horizontal distance between the notched blade 40 and the center of the horizontal tube 34 can be achieved. The positions of the two notched blades 40 in the left and right directions need to be adjusted in the same manner at the same time, and finally the distance between the two notched blades 40 can be adjusted according to the width requirement of the strip. By adjusting the relative position of the vertical member 38 and the vertical tube 37, the vertical distance between the notched blade 40 and the horizontal tube 34 can be achieved. The positions of the two notched blades 40 in the vertical direction need to be adjusted in the same manner at the same time, and then the depth of the notched blade 40 in the soil can be adjusted.

[0045] like Figure 7 As shown, the soil crushing and suppressing support includes a connecting member 41, an inclined tube 42, a tilting member 43 and a third positioning pin 44. The connecting member 41 is arranged at the rear end of the first mounting frame 32, and the inclined tube 42 is arranged at the rear end of the connecting member 41. The inclined tube 42 is inclined downward from front to back, and a third positioning hole is arranged on the inclined tube 42. A plurality of third adjustment holes are arranged on the tilting member 43 along the length direction. The tilting member 43 is slidably sleeved in the tilting tube 42. The third positioning pin 44 is used to pass through a third positioning hole and a third adjustment hole to install the tilting member 43 on the tilting tube 42. The relative position between the tilting member 43 and the tilting tube 42 can be adjusted by installing the third positioning pin 44 in different third adjustment holes. A second mounting frame 45 is arranged at the lower end of the tilting member 43, and the soil crushing and suppressing wheel is rotatably installed on the second mounting frame 45.

[0046] The soil crushing and pressing wheel includes two symmetrically arranged soil crushing and pressing components. A support shaft is arranged at both ends of the second mounting frame 45. Fig. 9 As shown, the soil crushing and suppression assembly includes a main board 46, a bearing chamber 47, a bearing and a plurality of elastic soil crushing teeth 48. The bearing chamber 47 is fixed to the middle of the main board 46. A bearing is installed in the bearing chamber 47. The inner ring of each bearing is fixedly mounted on a support shaft. A plurality of elastic soil crushing teeth 48 are sequentially arranged on the inner side of the main board 46 along the circumferential direction.

[0047] The strip deep tillage device 2 in this embodiment can autonomously conform to the soil of the deep tillage shovel 33 and the notched rake blade 40 through the elastic bracket, and the soil depth of the deep tillage shovel 33 and the notched rake blade 40 can be adjusted by adjusting the relative position of the inclined member 43 and the inclined tube 42.

[0048] like Fig.10 As shown, in this specific embodiment, the angle between the notched rake blade 40 and the working direction is α, and the value range of α is 0-20°. When the notched rake blade 40 is inclined relative to the working direction, the distance between the front ends of the two notched rake blades 40 is greater than the distance between the rear ends of the two notched rake blades 40.

[0049] like Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown, in this specific embodiment, the angle between the elastic soil crushing teeth 48 and the working direction is β, and the value range of β is 45° to 90°. There is a gap d between the two soil crushing and pressing components, and the value range of d is 20 to 30 mm.

[0050] The present embodiment also provides an operating method of a tillage machine, comprising the following steps: after the crops are harvested, the straw is not crushed but covered on the ground, and the frame 3 is driven to move by a power device; specifically, the power device is a tractor, and the tractor is connected to the traction frame 7 through a rear three-point suspension device and is in a floating state.

[0051] The power source of the power device is connected to the transmission mechanism, which can drive the cutter shaft 11 to rotate, and the straw cleaning component 13 picks up the straw and part of the soil in the straw cleaning strip and transports them forward, so as to sort out a clean strip without straw; specifically, the power output shaft at the rear of the tractor drives the cutter shaft 11 to rotate through the intermediate gear transmission box 8, the universal joint transmission shaft 9 and the side gear transmission box 10, and the cutter teeth 133 pick up the straw and part of the soil in the straw cleaning strip and transport them forward. At the same time, a spiral structure formed by a plurality of cutter teeth 133 arranged in a spiral line is used to push the spatial straw to one side. The spacing between the cutter teeth 133 on the spiral line is small, so that the disturbed soil passes through the spacing between the cutter teeth 133 and remains in the straw cleaning strip, so as to sort out a clean strip without straw.

[0052] The deep loosening shovel 33 loosens the soil under the action of its own gravity and the elastic support, and the loosened soil forms a ridge-shaped structure of a certain height under the action of the soil disturbing ridger; specifically, the deep loosening shovel 33 on the strip deep loosening and land preparation device 2 just behind the straw cleaning component 13 performs deep loosening of the soil layer without disturbing it under the action of its own gravity and the pressure spring 31, and the loosened soil forms a micro-ridge-shaped structure of a certain height under the cutting and gathering action of the notched harrow blade 40.

[0053] Loose ridge-shaped strips are formed after the soil-breaking action of the soil-breaking and pressing wheels; specifically, the elastic soil-breaking teeth 48 on the soil-breaking and pressing wheels maintain a certain angle with the working direction and adopt a cantilever design, which can increase its gripping ability to prevent slipping and increase soil compaction. At the same time, the deformation of the cantilever arrangement prevents it from over-compacting the soil, and the elastic deformation can also prevent clogging by stubble or large soil blocks. After the soil-breaking and pressing wheels break the soil, loose micro-ridge-shaped strips with a height h of 50 to 70 mm and a width w of 150 to 200 mm are formed, which increases the contact area between the soil in the strip and the air and sunlight. At the same time, moderate suppression ensures the porosity of the soil inside the strip, increases the flow of natural wind, and can play the role of regulating moisture, dispelling cold and increasing temperature, meet the requirements of timely sowing, and thus increase crop yields.

[0054] The tillage machine and its operating method in this embodiment are suitable for the implementation of straw mulching protective tillage technology in the cold and cool areas of Northeast China and the autumn strip tillage operation. The surface straw does not require any treatment, and the machine can complete a series of functions such as straw cleaning, strip deep loosening, soil crushing, micro-ridge formation, and suppression in one operation. The stubble strip cleaning device 1 completes the lateral cleaning of the straw with a small amount of soil movement, and can achieve high-quality straw cleaning and high-speed operation. The matching strip deep loosening and tillage device 2 creates loose micro-ridge strips without straw covering, which effectively solves the problems arising from the straw surface covering protective tillage technology in the cold and cool areas of Northeast China, has the characteristics of saving farming time, saving costs, increasing efficiency, being environmentally friendly and sustainable, and can achieve a win-win situation in economic, social and ecological terms for efficient planting in cold and cool areas.

[0055] The present specification uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A tillage machine, characterized in that: It includes a stubble strip cleaning device and multiple strip deep loosening and land leveling devices, the stubble strip cleaning device includes a frame, a walking mechanism, a first fixed plate, a second fixed plate, a cleaning mechanism and a transmission mechanism, the walking mechanism is installed on the frame, the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the front end of the frame, the cleaning mechanism includes a knife shaft and multiple straw cleaning parts, the two ends of the knife shaft are respectively rotatably installed on the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate, the multiple straw cleaning parts are sequentially arranged on the knife shaft along the axial direction, and the transmission mechanism is used to connect with a power source to drive the knife shaft to rotate; the multiple strip deep loosening and land leveling devices are sequentially arranged at the rear end of the frame from left to right, and each of the strip deep loosening and land leveling devices is connected to a The positions of the straw clearing components correspond to each other, and the strip deep tillage device comprises an elastic bracket, a first mounting bracket, a soil disturbing and ridging bracket, a soil crushing and suppressing bracket, a deep tillage shovel, a soil disturbing and ridging device and a soil crushing and suppressing wheel. The elastic bracket can be detachably mounted on the rear end of the frame, the first mounting bracket is arranged at the rear end of the elastic bracket, the deep tillage shovel and the soil disturbing and ridging bracket are arranged on the first mounting bracket in sequence from front to back, the soil disturbing and ridging device is arranged at the lower end of the soil disturbing and ridging bracket, the soil crushing and suppressing bracket is arranged at the rear end of the first mounting bracket, and the soil crushing and suppressing wheel is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the soil crushing and suppressing bracket; the walking mechanism comprises two walking components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rear end of the frame, and the walking component comprises a first connecting frame, The second connecting frame, the first pin shaft, the second pin shaft, the two-way lead screw and the contoured wheel, the first connecting frame is arranged on the frame, the upper end of the second connecting frame is hinged on the first connecting frame, the first pin shaft is rotatably installed on the upper part of the rear end of the first connecting frame, and the second pin shaft is rotatably installed on the upper part of the rear end of the second connecting frame, the first pin shaft is provided with a first threaded hole, and the second pin shaft is provided with a second threaded hole, and the two ends of the two-way lead screw are respectively installed in the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole; the elastic bracket includes a front clamp, a rear clamp, an upper connecting plate, a lower connecting plate, a pressure spring, a front end upper pin shaft, a front end lower pin shaft, a rear end upper pin shaft, a rear end lower pin shaft, two upper connecting rods and two lower connecting rods, and the two ends of the front end upper pin shaft The two ends of the front end lower pin shaft are rotatably installed on the front end of the two upper connecting rods and the two ends of the upper part of the front clamp, and the two ends of the front end lower pin shaft are rotatably installed on the front end of the two lower connecting rods and the two ends of the lower part of the front clamp, and the two ends of the rear end upper pin shaft are rotatably installed on the rear end of the two upper connecting rods and the two ends of the upper part of the rear clamp, and the two ends of the rear end lower pin shaft are rotatably installed on the rear end of the two lower connecting rods and the two ends of the lower part of the rear clamp, and the lower connecting plate is fixed on the front end lower pin shaft, and the upper connecting plate is clamped on the upper parts of the two upper connecting rods, and the two ends of the pressure spring are respectively connected to the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate, and the front clamp can be detachably installed on the rear end of the frame, and the first mounting frame is fixed to the rear end of the rear clamp.

2. The tillage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw cleaning component includes a knife roller, a plurality of knife seats and a plurality of knife teeth. The knife roller is fixedly sleeved on the knife shaft, and each of the knife teeth is fixed on the knife shaft through a knife seat. The plurality of knife teeth are arranged in a single-head spiral line form.

3. The tilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism includes an intermediate gear transmission box, a universal transmission shaft and a side gear transmission box. The intermediate gear transmission box is arranged on the upper part of the frame, and the side gear transmission box is arranged on the second fixed plate. The power input end of the intermediate gear transmission box is used to connect with the power source, and the power output end of the intermediate gear transmission box is connected to the power input end of the side gear transmission box through the universal transmission shaft, and the power output end of the side gear transmission box is connected to one end of the knife shaft.

4. The tilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic bracket is installed on the frame through a connecting mechanism, and the connecting mechanism includes a plurality of U-shaped bolts and a plurality of nuts. Each of the U-shaped bolts is installed on the frame, and the rear end of each of the U-shaped bolts passes through the front fixture and is installed with two of the nuts.

5. The tilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil disturbing ridging support comprises a horizontal tube, two horizontal members, two vertical tubes, two vertical members, two first positioning pins and two second positioning pins. The horizontal tube is fixed to the rear end of the first mounting frame. The two horizontal members are slidably sleeved on the two ends of the horizontal tube respectively. A first positioning hole is arranged at both ends of the horizontal tube. A plurality of first adjustment holes are arranged on each of the horizontal members along the length direction. Each of the first positioning pins is used to pass through one of the first positioning holes and one of the first adjustment holes to thereby install the horizontal member on the horizontal tube. A vertical tube is arranged at one end of each of the horizontal members away from the horizontal tube. A second positioning hole is arranged on the vertical tube. A plurality of second adjustment holes are arranged on the vertical members along the length direction. Each of the vertical members is slidably sleeved in one of the vertical tubes. Each of the second positioning pins is used to pass through one of the second positioning holes and one of the second adjustment holes to thereby install the vertical member on the vertical tube. The soil disturbing ridging device comprises two notched rake blades. Each of the notched rake blades is rotatably mounted on the lower end of one of the vertical members.

6. The tilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil crushing and suppressing support includes a connecting piece, an inclined tube, an inclined piece and a third positioning pin, the connecting piece is arranged at the rear end of the first mounting frame, the inclined tube is arranged at the rear end of the connecting piece, the inclined tube is inclined downward from front to back, a third positioning hole is arranged on the inclined tube, and a plurality of third adjustment holes are arranged on the inclined piece along the length direction, the inclined piece is slidably sleeved in the inclined tube, the third positioning pin is used to pass through one of the third positioning hole and one of the third adjustment hole to thereby install the inclined piece on the inclined tube, a second mounting frame is arranged at the lower end of the inclined piece, and the soil crushing and suppressing wheel is rotatably installed on the second mounting frame.

7. The tilling machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The soil crushing and suppressing wheel includes two symmetrically arranged soil crushing and suppressing components, a support shaft is provided at both ends of the left and right ends of the second mounting frame, the soil crushing and suppressing components include a main board, a bearing chamber, a bearing and a plurality of elastic soil crushing teeth, the bearing chamber is fixed to the middle part of the main board, the bearing is installed in the bearing chamber, the inner ring of each bearing is fixedly sleeved on one of the support shafts, and a plurality of elastic soil crushing teeth are sequentially provided on the inner side of the main board along the circumferential direction.

8. An operating method of a tillage machine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After the crops are harvested, the straw is not crushed and covered on the ground. The frame is driven to move by a power device, and the power source of the power device is connected to the transmission mechanism, so as to drive the knife shaft to rotate. The straw cleaning component picks up the straw and part of the soil in the straw cleaning strip and transports them forward, so as to form a clean strip without straw; the deep loosening shovel loosens the soil under the action of its own gravity and the elastic bracket, and the loosened soil forms a ridge structure of a certain height under the action of the soil disturber and ridger, and a loose ridge strip is formed after the soil crushing action of the soil crushing and pressing wheels.

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