A device and method for filling a gob in a dip coal seam end slope of an open pit mine

Abstract

The application discloses an open-pit mine dip coal seam end slope mining and filling device and a filling method. The filling device comprises a plurality of sequentially connected filling units. The filling unit comprises a frame and a filling component. The filling component is arranged in the frame. The filling component is divided into two structures. One is a bag type structure, and the other is a plate type structure. The device is convenient to assemble and simple to operate, and can be conveniently pushed into the mining tunnel. The application realizes dip coal seam mining and filling, prevents backflow of the filling material, is safe and reliable, and has high filling rate. The application can be effectively used in end slope filling mining technology for full-height and layered mining of the dip coal seam, greatly improves the filling rate of the dip coal seam filling mining, and fills the blank of the end slope filling method of the dip coal seam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a filling device for end-side mining tunnels, specifically to a filling device and method for end-side mining tunnels in dipping coal seams in open-pit mines. Background Technology

[0002] After open-pit mining reaches the coal seam floor, due to the boundary demarcation and stripping technology of open-pit mines, a large amount of coal resources are covered by the side walls. Currently, a new mining method for coal covered by side walls in open-pit mines has been proposed, namely end-side mining. However, end-side mining also has obvious technical defects, namely, a safety coal pillar needs to be left between two adjacent mining chambers, which leads to a low coal resource recovery rate. To address this, the end-side backfilling mining method has been proposed, which greatly improves the coal resource recovery rate. However, the backfilling method is limited by the stratum attitude. Backfill material in reverse-dip strata can flow to the bottom of the mining chamber by gravity, while backfill material in dip-side coal seams will flow back outside the mining chamber due to gravity, making it impossible to guarantee the backfilling rate of end-side backfilling mining in dip-side coal seams. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a backfilling device and method for end-side backfilling of dipping coal seams in open-pit mines, which prevents backflow of backfill material and improves the backfilling rate of end-side backfilling mining of dipping coal seams.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a backfilling device for a coal seam end-side mining chamber in an open-pit mine, comprising a plurality of backfilling units connected in sequence, wherein the backfilling unit includes a frame and backfilling components, and the backfilling components are disposed inside the frame;

[0005] The frame includes two side frames on the left and right and two connecting steel pipes. The side frames are composed of two longitudinal steel pipes, one upper transverse steel pipe and one lower transverse steel pipe. The upper and lower ends of the two longitudinal steel pipes are connected to the two ends of the upper transverse steel pipe and the lower transverse steel pipe, respectively. The front and rear ends of the top edges of the two side frames are connected to the two ends of the two connecting steel pipes, respectively.

[0006] Both ends of the longitudinal steel pipe are equipped with a traveling device, which is installed at the end of the longitudinal steel pipe through a shock-absorbing device; a pressure sensor is installed on the side of the traveling device; a displacement sensor is installed in the center of the shock-absorbing device; optical fibers are installed in the lower transverse steel pipe and the longitudinal steel pipe; the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor are both connected to the optical fiber.

[0007] Furthermore, the filling component includes a filling bag whose shape is adapted to the shape of the frame. The top surface and side edges of the filling bag are provided with metal buckles. The filling bag is located inside the frame and connected to the frame through the metal buckles. The top of the filling bag is provided with a filling port and an exhaust port.

[0008] Furthermore, the filling component includes a rotating baffle plate, the top edge of which is hinged to the connecting steel pipe on the rear side of the frame, and a motor is provided at the hinge; the motor is connected to an optical fiber through a motor controller.

[0009] Furthermore, a vibrating rod and a battery are installed at the bottom inside the longitudinal steel pipe, and the battery is electrically connected to the vibrating rod; the battery is connected to an optical fiber through a battery switch.

[0010] Furthermore, a filling hose is inserted into the upper transverse steel pipe, the two ends of the filling hose are toothed, and the filling hose is 10-15cm longer than the longitudinal steel pipe.

[0011] A method for backfilling a sidewall mining chamber in a dip coal seam in an open-pit mine, wherein the backfilling unit is assembled outside the mining chamber opening. After assembly, material is filled into the backfilling bag through the backfilling opening. After the backfilling bag is full, the backfilling opening and the vent are sealed. At this point, the first backfilling unit is assembled and filled. Then, the first backfilling unit is pushed into the mining chamber. Next, following the same steps, a second backfilling unit is assembled and filled outside the mining chamber opening. The front of the second backfilling unit is connected to the rear of the first backfilling unit via fasteners. Then, the second backfilling unit is pushed into the mining chamber, and the first backfilling unit is pushed deeper into the mining chamber along with the second backfilling unit. This process is repeated until the first backfilling unit reaches the end of the mining chamber.

[0012] A method for backfilling end-side mining chambers in dipping coal seams in open-pit mines is characterized in that the backfilling units are assembled and connected sequentially outside the mining chamber opening, adjacent backfilling units are connected by fasteners, and the backfilling hoses inside the upper transverse steel pipes of adjacent backfilling units are connected by toothed fasteners. At this time, the rotating baffle plate rotates to the horizontal direction. The end-side coal mining machine is located inside the backfilling unit. As the end-side coal mining machine continues to advance, the backfilling unit lags behind the cutting head of the end-side coal mining machine by 2-3m and continuously advances into the mining chamber.

[0013] When the end-side coal mining machine retracts after the mining is completed, the rotating baffles of the filling units from inside the mining chamber to the outside also rotate to the vertical direction in sequence. After the end-side coal mining machine has completely withdrawn from the mining chamber and all the rotating baffles of the filling units have rotated to the vertical direction, filling begins through the filling hose into the first filling unit inside the mining chamber. During the filling process, the vibrator in the first filling unit is turned on to vibrate and compact the filling material. When the filling material exceeds the pressure sensor above the longitudinal steel pipe, the filling work is stopped. At this time, the filling hose of one filling unit is pulled out and disassembled, and the above steps are repeated to start filling the second filling unit inside the mining chamber, until all filling units inside the entire mining chamber are filled.

[0014] Furthermore, when the mining chamber is a layered mining chamber for thick coal seams, a high-valence cation salt solution is mixed into the filling material. After filling all filling units inside the entire mining chamber, a power source is set at the mining chamber entrance and connected to the upper transverse steel pipes on the left and right sides via conductive cables as the anode and cathode, respectively.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, this invention is easy to assemble and simple to operate, and can be easily advanced in mining tunnels; it realizes backfilling of dipping coal seams, prevents backflow of backfill material, is safe and reliable, and has a high filling rate. This invention can be effectively used in end-side backfilling mining technology for dipping coal seams in one-time full-height mining and layered mining, greatly improving the filling rate of dipping coal seam backfilling mining and filling the gap in end-side backfilling methods for dipping coal seams. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filling bag of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bag-type filling unit structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the plate-type filling unit structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when a filling hose is inserted into the transverse steel pipe of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lower structure of the longitudinal steel pipe of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the upper structure of the longitudinal steel pipe of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transverse steel pipe of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the one-time full high-end filling method of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the layered mining end-wall backfilling of the present invention;

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2-1. Longitudinal steel pipe; 2-21. Upper transverse steel pipe; 2-22. Lower transverse steel pipe; 2-3. Connecting steel pipe; 3. Walking device; 4. Shock absorption device; 5. Pressure sensor; 6. Displacement sensor; 7. Vibration rod; 8. Battery; 9. Filling hose; 10. Optical fiber; 11. Fastener; 12. Rotating baffle plate; 13. Filling bag; 14. Metal buckle; 15. Filling port; 16. Exhaust port; 17. Filling unit; 18. Filling pump station; 19. Filling pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The present invention provides a backfilling device for a coal seam end-side mining tunnel in an open-pit mine, comprising a plurality of backfilling units 17 connected in sequence by fasteners 11. Each backfilling unit 17 includes a frame 1 and a backfilling component, with the backfilling component disposed inside the frame 1.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the frame 1 includes two side frames on the left and right and two connecting steel pipes 2-3. The side frames are composed of two longitudinal steel pipes 2-1, one upper transverse steel pipe 2-21 and one lower transverse steel pipe 2-22. The upper and lower ends of the two longitudinal steel pipes 2-1 are connected to the two ends of the upper transverse steel pipe 2-21 and the lower transverse steel pipe 2-22, respectively. The front and rear ends of the top edges of the two side frames are connected to the two ends of the two connecting steel pipes 2-3, respectively. The steel pipes are connected and fixed by fasteners 11.

[0031] like Figure 7 As shown, both ends of the longitudinal steel pipe 2-1 are equipped with traveling devices 3, which are installed at the ends of the longitudinal steel pipe 2-1 via shock-absorbing devices 4; pressure sensors 5 are installed on the sides of the traveling devices 3; and displacement sensors 6 are installed at the center of the shock-absorbing devices 4; as shown... Figure 8 As shown, optical fibers 10 are installed in the lower transverse steel pipe 2-22 and the longitudinal steel pipe 2-1; pressure sensor 5 and displacement sensor 6 are both connected to optical fibers 10.

[0032] The filling components come in two structures: a bag-type structure and a plate-type structure.

[0033] like Figure 1As shown, the filling component includes a filling bag 13, the shape of which is adapted to the shape of the frame 1. Metal buckles 14 are provided on the top surface and side edges of the filling bag 13, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the filling bag 13 is located inside the frame 1 and is connected to the frame 1 by a metal buckle 14. The top of the filling bag 13 is provided with a filling port 15 and an exhaust port 16.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, the filling component includes a rotating baffle plate 12. The top edge of the rotating baffle plate 12 is hinged to the connecting steel pipe 2-3 on the rear side of the frame 1. A motor is installed at the hinge, and the motor is connected to an optical fiber 10 via a motor controller. The optical fiber 10 can send signals to the motor controller to control the motor's operation. The rotation of the motor can drive the rotating baffle plate 12 to rotate. The rotating baffle plate 12 has two usage states: horizontal and vertical. Figure 6 As shown, a vibrator 7 and a battery 8 are installed at the lower part of the interior of the longitudinal steel pipe 2-1. The battery 8 is electrically connected to the vibrator 7 and is connected to the optical fiber 10 via a battery switch. The optical fiber 10 can send a signal to the battery switch to power on and control the operation of the vibrator 7. Figure 5 As shown, a filling hose 9 is inserted into the upper transverse steel pipe 2-21. The two ends of the filling hose 9 are toothed and can be connected to each other. The filling hose 9 can be pulled out from the upper transverse steel pipe 2-21. Since the two filling units 17 are connected by fasteners 11, there will be a slight gap between the two filling units 17. In order to ensure that the filling hoses 9 in the two upper transverse steel pipes 2-21 can be connected, the filling hose 9 is 10-15cm longer than the longitudinal steel pipe 2-21.

[0035] The method for filling the mining chamber using the bag-type filling unit 17 is as follows: Figure 9As shown, a filling pump station 18 and a filling pipeline 19 connected to it are set up on the platform where the end-side mining is located. The filling unit 17 is assembled outside the mining opening. After assembly, the filling pipeline 19 is connected to the filling port 15. The filling pump station 18 operates to fill the filling material through the filling pipeline 19 and the filling port 15 into the filling bag 13. The filling material is mainly composed of siliceous materials such as fly ash or coal gangue. It is mixed to form a preliminary slurry, and then the preliminary slurry is mixed with auxiliary materials such as retarders, curing agents and expansion agents to form a filling material with a solid-water mass ratio of 1:1.3. The filling material begins to solidify gradually after 24 hours and expands in volume, ensuring that the filling rate can reach 100%. The vent 16 is used to vent air during filling to achieve effective filling. After the filling bag 13 is filled with material, the filling pump station 18 stops working, the filling pipe 19 is disconnected, and the filling port 15 and vent 16 are sealed. At this time, the first filling unit 17 is assembled and filled. Then, the assembled and filled first filling unit 17 is pushed into the mining chamber. The shape and size of the filling unit 17 are adapted to the mining chamber. With the cooperation of the walking device 3 and the shock absorption device 4, the filling unit 17 can be smoothly pushed in the mining chamber and the filling rate can be guaranteed. Then, following the above steps, the second filling unit 17 is assembled and filled outside the mining chamber. The front of each filling unit 17 is connected to the rear of the first filling unit 17 via a fastener 11. The optical fibers 10 in the two filling units 17 are also connected together. Then, the assembled and filled second filling unit 17 is pushed into the mining chamber, and the first filling unit 17 is pushed into the mining chamber along with the second filling unit 17. In this way, the assembled and filled filling units 17 are continuously pushed into the mining chamber until the first filling unit 17 reaches the end of the mining chamber, that is, the entire mining chamber is filled with filling units 17. Then, after waiting for 24 hours, the filling material in the filling unit 17 begins to solidify and expand, and finally the mining chamber is filled.

[0036] The method of filling the mining chamber using the plate-type filling unit 17 is as follows: a filling pump station 18 and a filling pipeline 19 connected to it are set up on the platform where the end-side mining is located; the filling units 17 are assembled and connected in sequence outside the mining chamber opening, and two adjacent filling units 17 are connected by fasteners 11. The filling hoses 9 inside the upper transverse steel pipes 2-21 of two adjacent filling units 17 are connected by toothed buckles, and the optical fibers 10 in the two filling units 17 are also connected together; at this time, the rotating blocking plate 12 is driven by the motor to rotate to a horizontal use state. This state does not affect the passage of the end-side coal mining machine, and can also block the falling blocks above and protect the end-side coal mining machine; the end-side coal mining machine is located inside the filling unit 17. As the end-side coal mining machine continues to advance, the cutting head of the end-side coal mining machine, which lags behind the filling unit 17 by 2-3m, also continues to advance into the mining chamber; when the end-side coal mining machine advances to the end of the mining chamber, the filling unit 17 has basically filled the entire mining chamber. When the end-side coal mining machine retracts after the mining is completed, the rotating baffles 12 of the filling units 17, driven by motors, rotate sequentially to a vertical position as the machine retracts. After the end-side coal mining machine has completely withdrawn from the mining chamber and all the rotating baffles 12 of the filling units 17 have rotated to a vertical position, filling begins through the filling hose 9 into the first filling unit 17 inside the mining chamber. During the filling process, the vibrator 7 in the first filling unit 17 is activated to vibrate and compact the filling material. The vertically positioned rotating baffles 12 are located behind the filling unit 17, and their height is equal to that of the filling unit 17. When the filling material is filled into the filling unit 17, the rotating baffles 12 prevent backflow of the filling material, confining it as much as possible within the filling unit. In unit 17, until the filling material solidifies and expands, a quick-setting agent is added to the filling material to reduce backflow and shorten the solidification and expansion time to about 2 hours. When the filling material submerges the pressure sensor 5 above the longitudinal steel pipe 2-1, the pressure sensor 5 transmits pressure information outward through the optical fiber 10, indicating that the filling rate inside filling unit 17 has reached over 90%, and then the filling work is stopped. The filling hose 9 of one filling unit 17 is pulled out and disassembled, so that the end of the filling hose 9, i.e., the discharge port, is located in the second filling unit 17 inside the mining chamber, in preparation for filling the second filling unit 17 inside the mining chamber next. The above steps are repeated to start filling the second filling unit 17 inside the mining chamber until all filling units 17 inside the mining chamber are filled. As time goes by, the filling material in the filling unit 17 gradually solidifies and expands, eventually achieving a filling rate of 100% in the mining chamber.

[0037] like Figure 10 As shown, when the mining tunnel is a thick coal seam layered mining tunnel, high-valent cations (Ca) are mixed into the filling material. 2+After the salt solution has been used to fill all the filling units 17 inside the entire mining chamber, a power supply is set at the mining chamber entrance and connected to the upper horizontal steel pipes 2-21 on the left and right sides as anode and cathode respectively through conductive cables. Electrolysis causes corrosion of the anode iron electrode and produces a large amount of hydroxide colloid. This colloid expands and compacts the soil near the anode. In the alkaline or acidic environment generated by electrolysis, calcium ions, silicates and aluminates react to generate two substances: hydrated calcium silicate (CSH) and hydrated calcium aluminate (CAH). Under the action of this binding substance, the filling particles are cemented, changing the structure of the filling material and thus improving the strength of the filling material.

[0038] After the entire mining chamber is filled, the monitoring data of each sensor is reset. The settlement of the top plate of the filling unit 17 is monitored by the pressure sensor 5 and displacement sensor 6 at the upper and lower ends of the longitudinal steel pipe 2-1 in each filling unit 17. Distributed optical fiber sensors are set up outside the mining chamber and connected to the optical fiber 10 extending outside the mining chamber to receive the stress changes of the steel pipe and transmit the signal to the outside of the mining chamber through the optical fiber 10. The information transmitted by the optical fiber 10 is read by a digital receiver.

[0039] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any minor modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for backfilling the end face of a dip coal seam in an open-pit mine, characterized in that, It includes several filling units (17) connected in sequence. Each filling unit (17) includes a frame (1) and a filling component, which is disposed inside the frame (1). The frame (1) includes two side frames on the left and right and two connecting steel pipes (2-3). The side frames are composed of two longitudinal steel pipes (2-1), one upper transverse steel pipe (2-21) and one lower transverse steel pipe (2-22). The upper and lower ends of the two longitudinal steel pipes (2-1) are connected to the two ends of the upper transverse steel pipe (2-21) and the lower transverse steel pipe (2-22) respectively. The front and rear ends of the top edges of the two side frames are connected to the two ends of the two connecting steel pipes (2-3) respectively. Both ends of the longitudinal steel pipe (2-1) are equipped with walking devices (3), and the walking devices (3) are set at the ends of the longitudinal steel pipe (2-1) through shock absorption devices (4); pressure sensors (5) are installed on the side of the walking devices (3); displacement sensors (6) are provided in the center of the shock absorption devices (4); optical fibers (10) are provided in the lower transverse steel pipe (2-22) and the longitudinal steel pipe (2-1); pressure sensors (5) and displacement sensors (6) are connected to optical fibers (10); The filling component includes a filling bag (13), the shape of which is adapted to the shape of the frame (1), and metal buckles (14) are provided on the top surface and side edges of the filling bag (13). The filling bag (13) is located inside the frame (1) and connected to the frame (1) through the metal buckles (14). The top of the filling bag (13) is provided with a filling port (15) and an exhaust port (16). The filling component includes a rotating baffle plate (12), the top edge of which is hinged to the connecting steel pipe (2-3) on the rear side of the frame (1), and a motor is provided at the hinge; the motor is connected to the optical fiber (10) through a motor controller. A vibrating rod (7) and a battery (8) are installed at the bottom inside the longitudinal steel pipe (2-1). The battery (8) is electrically connected to the vibrating rod (7). The battery (8) is connected to the optical fiber (10) through a battery switch. The filling unit (17) is assembled outside the mine entrance. After assembly, material is filled into the filling bag (13) through the filling port (15). After the filling bag (13) is filled with material, the filling port (15) and the exhaust port (16) are sealed. At this time, the first filling unit (17) is assembled and filled. Then the first filling unit (17) is pushed into the mine. Next, the second filling unit (17) is assembled and filled outside the mine entrance according to the above steps. The front side of the second filling unit (17) is connected to the rear side of the first filling unit (17) through the fastener (11). Then the second filling unit (17) is pushed into the mine. The first filling unit (17) is pushed into the mine deeper along with the second filling unit (17). In this way, the filling units (17) are continuously pushed into the mine until the first filling unit (17) reaches the end of the mine. When the end-side coal mining machine retracts after the mining is completed, the rotating blocking plates (12) of the filling units (17) from inside the mining chamber (17) also rotate to the vertical direction in sequence as the end-side coal mining machine retracts. After the end-side coal mining machine has completely withdrawn from the mining chamber and all the rotating blocking plates (12) of the filling units (17) have rotated to the vertical direction, filling begins into the first filling unit (17) inside the mining chamber.

2. The method for backfilling the end-side mining chamber of a dip-flying coal seam in an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A filling hose (9) is inserted into the upper transverse steel pipe (2-21). The two ends of the filling hose (9) are toothed. The filling hose (9) is 10-15cm longer than the upper transverse steel pipe (2-21).

3. A method for backfilling the end face of a dip coal seam in an open-pit mine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The filling units (17) are assembled and connected in sequence outside the mining chamber. Two adjacent filling units (17) are connected by fasteners (11). The filling hoses (9) inside the upper transverse steel pipes (2-21) of two adjacent filling units (17) are connected by toothed fasteners. At this time, the rotating baffle plate (12) rotates to the horizontal direction. The end-side coal mining machine is located inside the filling unit (17). As the end-side coal mining machine continues to advance, the filling unit (17) lags behind the cutting head of the end-side coal mining machine by 2-3m and continues to advance into the mining chamber. During the filling process, the vibrating rod (7) in the first filling unit (17) is turned on to vibrate and compact the filling material. When the filling material is above the pressure sensor (5) on the upper part of the longitudinal steel pipe (2-1), the filling work is stopped. At this time, the filling hose (9) of a filling unit (17) is pulled out and disassembled. The above steps are repeated to start filling the second filling unit (17) inside the mining chamber until the filling of all filling units (17) inside the entire mining chamber is completed.

4. A method for backfilling the end face of a dip coal seam in an open-pit mine according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the mining chamber is a layered mining chamber for thick coal seams, a high-valence cation salt solution is mixed into the filling material. After filling all filling units (17) inside the entire mining chamber, a power supply is set at the mining chamber entrance and connected to the upper horizontal steel pipes (2-21) on the left and right sides respectively through conductive cables as anode and cathode.

Images