A wearable device

Abstract

The application provides a wearable device, which comprises an antenna, a directional diagram of the antenna being switchable, and the wearable device having improved anti-interference capability. The wearable device comprises a housing, an antenna and a ground plate. The antenna comprises a feed unit arranged in the housing, a switch, a first electronic element, a first radiator and a second radiator. The first radiator and the second radiator are opposite and do not contact each other. A first end of the first radiator comprises a feed point, the feed unit is electrically connected to the first radiator at the feed point. A first end of the second radiator comprises a grounding point, the switch is electrically connected between the second radiator and the ground plate at the grounding point, and the first electronic element is electrically connected between the switch and the ground plate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a wearable device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wireless earphones are increasingly favored by users due to their convenience and miniaturization, especially true wireless stereo (TWS) Bluetooth (BT) earphones. However, since the TWS earphones are directly worn on the ears of the user, the antenna performance thereof is more susceptible to the influence of the head of the user, and thus it is more difficult to achieve excellent antenna performance. Meanwhile, when the TWS earphones are worn on the ears of the user, interference occurs around the user, for example, other electronic devices emit electrical signals in the Bluetooth frequency band, or WiFi signals in the 2.4 GHz frequency band which is the same frequency as the Bluetooth frequency band, which will cause interference to the user using the TWS earphones.

[0003] The same problem also occurs for other wearable devices worn by the user, such as smart watches and smart glasses. Due to the above problems, the demand for switching of the antenna pattern of the wearable device is very urgent. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a wearable device, which includes an antenna with a simple structure, and can switch the antenna pattern while ensuring good radiation characteristics, thereby improving the anti-interference capability of the wearable device.

[0005] In a first aspect, a wearable device is provided, comprising: a housing; an antenna comprising a feeding unit, a switch, a first electronic element, a first radiator and a second radiator, the feeding unit, the switch, the first radiator and the second radiator being located in the housing; a ground plane, a first end of the second radiator being electrically connected to the ground plane through the switch; wherein an end of the first radiator and an end of the second radiator are opposite and do not contact each other; a first end of the first radiator comprises a feeding point, the feeding unit being electrically connected to the first radiator at the feeding point; a first end of the second radiator comprises a grounding point, the switch being electrically connected between the second radiator and the ground plane at the grounding point, the first electronic element being electrically connected between the switch and the ground plane; when the switch is in a first switch state, a working frequency band of the antenna comprises a first frequency band, the antenna generates a first directional pattern; when the switch is in a second switch state, the working frequency band of the antenna comprises the first frequency band, the antenna generates a second directional pattern, the first directional pattern and the second directional pattern being complementary.

[0006] According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, the electrical connection state between the first end of the second radiator and the floor is controlled by adjusting the electrical connection state of the switch, so that the working mode of the antenna is changed, and the switching of the two complementary directional patterns is realized through the different working modes of the antenna.

[0007] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, when the switch is in the first switch state, the first end of the second radiator is grounded through the switch; and when the switch is in the second switch state, the first end of the second radiator is not grounded through the switch.

[0008] According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, the working mode of the antenna can be controlled by controlling the state of the first switch, and the switching between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is realized.

[0009] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further comprises a second electronic element; and the second electronic element is electrically connected between the end of the first radiator and the end of the second radiator which are oppositely arranged.

[0010] According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, by controlling the second electronic element, the phase of the electrical signal transmitted by the second electronic element on the second radiator and the phase of the electrical signal coupled by space on the second radiator are opposite (for example, the phase difference is 180°), and the two can offset each other to reduce the coupling between the first radiator and the second radiator.

[0011] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the second electronic element is an inductor, and the inductance value is greater than or equal to 10nH.

[0012] According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, the inductance value of the second electronic element can be adjusted according to the actual design, and the present application does not limit this.

[0013] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further comprises a neutralization line; a first end of the neutralization line is electrically connected to the first radiator at a first position, and a second end of the neutralization line is electrically connected to the second radiator at a second position.

[0014] According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, when the first radiator and the second radiator are electrically connected by the neutralization line, the phase of the electrical signal transmitted by the neutralization line on the second radiator and the phase of the electrical signal coupled by space on the second radiator are opposite (for example, the phase difference is 180°), and the two can offset each other to reduce the coupling between the first radiator and the second radiator.

[0015] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a distance between the first position and the feed point is less than one sixteenth of a first wavelength, and / or a distance between the second position and the ground point is less than one sixteenth of the first wavelength, the first wavelength being a wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

[0016] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a third electronic element, and the neutral line includes a gap, the third electronic element being electrically connected between the neutral lines on two sides of the gap.

[0017] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the electrical length of the neutral line can be controlled by adjusting the third electronic element, so that the phase of the electrical signal transmitted by the neutral line on the second radiator and the phase of the electrical signal coupled by space on the second radiator are opposite (for example, the phase difference is 180°), and the two phases cancel each other out.

[0018] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the third electronic element is an inductor, and an inductance value of the inductor is greater than or equal to 5nH.

[0019] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the inductance value of the third electronic element can be adjusted according to actual design, which is not limited in the present application.

[0020] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a distance between the first radiator and the floor is greater than or equal to 0.5mm and less than or equal to 3mm.

[0021] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the distance between the first radiator and the floor can be understood as the minimum value of the line segment distance between the point on the first radiator and the point on the floor, or can be understood as the distance between the first radiator and the floor in the first direction, the first direction can be the direction perpendicular to the plane on which the first radiator is located.

[0022] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a distance between the end of the first radiator and the end of the second radiator arranged oppositely is less than or equal to 1mm.

[0023] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the distance between the end of the first radiator and the end of the second radiator arranged oppositely can be 0.6mm. The distance between the end of the first radiator and the end of the second radiator can be understood as the width of the gap formed between the end of the first radiator and the end of the second radiator.

[0024] In some implementations of the first aspect, a length L1 of the first radiator and a length L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L1 x 60% ≤ L2, or L2 x 60% ≤ L1.

[0025] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the electrical length of the first radiator and the electrical length of the second radiator can be the same (for example, the electrical length differs by ±10%). Due to the space layout inside the wearable device, electronic components (for example, a capacitor or an inductor) can be arranged between the radiators and the floor, so that the physical length of the radiators is shortened while the electrical length remains unchanged.

[0026] In some implementations of the first aspect, projections of the first radiator and the second radiator on the plane where the floor is located are parallel to each other in a first direction, and the interval in a second direction is less than one fourth of a first wavelength, where the first direction is the extension direction of the first radiator and the second radiator, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

[0027] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the first radiator and the second radiator can be arranged in parallel. The first radiator and the second radiator can be arranged along the same line, or the first radiator and the second radiator can be staggered.

[0028] In some implementations of the first aspect, the second end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are opposite and do not contact each other; and the second end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are open ends.

[0029] In some implementations of the first aspect, the first end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are opposite and do not contact each other; and the second end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are open ends.

[0030] In some implementations of the first aspect, the second end of the first radiator and the second end of the first radiator are opposite and do not contact each other; and the second end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are open ends.

[0031] In some implementations of the first aspect, the first end of the first radiator and the second end of the first radiator are opposite and do not contact each other; and the second end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are open ends.

[0032] In some implementations of the first aspect, the wearable device is a true wireless (TWS) earphone; the wearable device includes an earbud part and an ear stem part, and the antenna is disposed on the ear stem part; a distance between the first radiator and the earbud part is less than a distance between the second radiator and the earbud part.

[0033] According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the first radiator can be disposed in the area of the ear stem part close to the earbud part, and the first radiator can serve as a main radiator (provided with a feed point) to generate radiation by using the metal part in the earbud part electrically connected to the floor, so as to improve the radiation characteristics of the antenna.

[0034] In some implementations of the first aspect, the first radiator and the second radiator are in a sheet shape; the wearable device further includes a printed circuit board (PCB), and the PCB includes a metal layer, which is disposed opposite to the first radiator and the second radiator.

[0035] In some implementations of the first aspect, neither the feed unit nor the first radiator includes a switch.

[0036] According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, neither the feed unit nor the first radiator includes a switch. Since no switch is disposed at the feed unit to switch the matching network, no additional insertion loss will be caused by the introduction of the switch, so as to avoid the loss of the radiation performance of the antenna.

[0037] In some implementations of the first aspect, the first frequency band includes a Bluetooth frequency band 2.4-2.485 GHz. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a wearable device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 2 is a comparison schematic diagram of the directional diagram of the antenna structure of a TWS earphone in different cases.

[0040] Figure 3 is a switching schematic diagram of the directional diagram of the antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna 201 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 5 is a structural diagram of a common mode of a wire antenna and a corresponding distribution diagram of current and electric field provided by the present application.

[0043] Figure 6 is a structure of a differential mode of a linear antenna and a corresponding distribution diagram of current, electric field provided by the present application.

[0044] Figure 7 is a structure of a common mode of a slot antenna and a corresponding distribution diagram of current, electric field, magnetic current provided by the present application.

[0045] Figure 8 is a structure of a differential mode of a slot antenna and a corresponding distribution diagram of current, electric field, magnetic current provided by the present application.

[0046] Figure 9 is a structure diagram of an antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 10 is a top view of an antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] Figure 11 is Figure 9 S parameters of the antenna shown in the figure.

[0049] Figure 12 is Figure 9 a current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in the figure.

[0050] Figure 13 is Figure 9 S parameters of the antenna shown in the figure and simulation results of system efficiency.

[0051] Figure 14 is Figure 9 a directional diagram of the antenna shown in the figure in the yoz plane.

[0052] Figure 15 is Figure 9 a directional diagram of the antenna shown in the figure under a human head model.

[0053] Figure 16 is Figure 9 a directional diagram of the antenna shown in the figure under a human body model.

[0054] Figure 17 is a diagram of another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] Figure 18 is Figure 17 an isolation degree between a first radiator and a second radiator in the antenna shown in the figure.

[0056] Figure 19 is Figure 17 simulation results of the antenna shown in the figure.

[0057] Figure 20 is a diagram of another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0058] Figure 21 is Figure 20 the isolation between the first radiator and the second radiator of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.

[0059] Figure 22 is Figure 20 the simulation result of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.

[0060] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0061] Figure 24 is Figure 23 the simulation result of the system efficiency of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.

[0062] Figure 25 is Figure 23 the current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.

[0063] Figure 26 is Figure 23 the directional diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.

[0064] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0065] Figure 28 is Figure 31 the simulation result of the system efficiency of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.

[0066] Figure 29 is Figure 31 the current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.

[0067] Figure 30 is Figure 33 the directional diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.

[0068] Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0069] Figure 32 is Figure 31 the simulation result of the system efficiency of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.

[0070] Figure 33 is Figure 31 the current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.

[0071] Figure 34 is Figure 31 the directional diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.

[0072] Figure 35 is another wearable device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0073] Figure 36Another wearable device is provided in the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The technical solutions in the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0075] The following explains the terms that may appear in the embodiments of the present application.

[0076] Coupling: can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling. Direct coupling can also be referred to as "electrical connection", which means that the components are in physical contact and electrically conductive. It can also be understood as a form of connection between different components in the circuit structure through the entity circuit of the copper foil or wire of the printed circuit board (PCB) that can transmit electrical signals. Indirect coupling can be understood as electrical conduction between two conductors through a space without contact. In an embodiment, indirect coupling can also be referred to as capacitive coupling, for example, through the coupling between the gap between two conductive parts to form an equivalent capacitor to achieve signal transmission.

[0077] Connection: can refer to a mechanical connection relationship or a physical connection relationship. For example, A and B are connected or A and B are connected, which means that there is a fastening component (such as a screw, a bolt, a rivet, etc.) between A and B, or A and B are in contact with each other and A and B are difficult to separate.

[0078] Turn on: the signal / energy transmission between two or more components through the above "electrical connection" or "indirect coupling" can be referred to as turning on.

[0079] Capacitance: can be understood as lumped capacitance and / or distributed capacitance. Lumped capacitance refers to a component that is capacitive, such as a capacitor element. Distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by the gap between two conductive parts.

[0080] Resonance / resonance frequency: resonance frequency is also called resonance frequency. Resonance frequency can refer to the frequency at which the imaginary part of the input impedance of the antenna is zero. Resonance frequency can have a frequency range, that is, a frequency range in which resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency point frequency. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20 dB.

[0081] Resonance frequency band / communication frequency band / working frequency band: no matter what type of antenna, it always works in a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna supporting B40 frequency band has a working frequency band including frequencies in the range of 2300MHz-2400MHz, or in other words, the working frequency band of the antenna includes the B40 frequency band. The frequency range that meets the index requirements can be regarded as the working frequency band of the antenna.

[0082] Electrical length: can refer to the ratio of the physical length (i.e. mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave being transmitted, which can satisfy the following formula:

[0083]

[0084] wherein L is the physical length, and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0085] Wavelength: or operating wavelength, can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming that the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency of 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz. Not limited to the center frequency, the "operating wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to a non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or the operating frequency band.

[0086] It should be understood that the wavelength (operating wavelength) can be understood as the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the medium, for example, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiator in the medium and the wavelength in the vacuum satisfy the following formula:

[0087]

[0088] wherein λ ε is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the medium, λ c is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the vacuum, ε r is the relative permittivity of the medium in the medium layer. The wavelength in the embodiments of the present application generally refers to the medium wavelength, which can be the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming that the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency of 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the wavelength can be the medium wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz. Not limited to the center frequency, the "medium wavelength" can also refer to the medium wavelength corresponding to a non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or the operating frequency band. For ease of understanding, the medium wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be simply calculated by the relative permittivity of the medium filled on one side or more sides of the radiator.

[0089] The intermediate or intermediate position and the like mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are all for the current process level, and are not strictly defined in the mathematical sense. For example, the middle (position) of the conductor can be a conductor portion including a midpoint on the conductor, for example, the middle (position) of the conductor can be a conductor portion on the conductor with a distance of less than a predetermined threshold (e.g. 1mm, 2mm, or 2.5mm) from the midpoint.

[0090] Total efficiency of antenna system: refers to the ratio of the input power at the port of the antenna to the output power.

[0091] Radiation efficiency of antenna: refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna to space (i.e. the power of the electromagnetic wave part effectively converted) to the active power input to the antenna. Among them, the active power input to the antenna = input power of the antenna - loss power; the loss power mainly includes the backwave loss power and the ohmic loss power of the metal and / or the dielectric loss power. The radiation efficiency is a value for measuring the radiation capacity of the antenna, and the metal loss and the dielectric loss are both factors affecting the radiation efficiency.

[0092] As can be understood by those skilled in the art, efficiency is generally expressed in percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between efficiency and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna is represented.

[0093] Antenna pattern: also known as radiation pattern. It refers to the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna radiation field at a certain distance from the antenna, which changes with direction. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns through the maximum radiation direction of the antenna.

[0094] The antenna pattern usually has multiple radiation beams. The radiation beam with the maximum radiation intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining radiation beams are called side lobes or side lobes. In the side lobe, the side lobe in the opposite direction of the main lobe is also called the back lobe.

[0095] Antenna backwave loss: can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port to the antenna port transmission power through the antenna circuit. The smaller the reflected signal, the greater the signal radiated by the antenna to space, and the greater the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The greater the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated by the antenna to space, and the smaller the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0096] The antenna backwave loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which belongs to one of the S parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, and this parameter can represent the advantages and disadvantages of the antenna transmission efficiency. S11 parameter is usually negative, and the smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna backwave loss, the smaller the energy reflected back by the antenna itself, that is, the more energy actually entering the antenna, and the higher the system efficiency of the antenna; the larger the S11 parameter, the larger the antenna backwave loss, and the lower the system efficiency of the antenna.

[0097] It should be noted that in engineering, -6dB is generally taken as the standard for S11 value. When the S11 value of the antenna is less than -6dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or it can be considered that the transmission efficiency of the antenna is good.

[0098] Ground or floor: can refer to at least a part of any ground layer, or ground plate, or ground metal layer, or any combination of the above in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or can be used for the ground of components in the electronic device. In one embodiment, the ground can be a ground layer of a circuit board of the electronic device, or a ground plate formed by a middle frame of the electronic device, or a ground metal layer formed by a metal film under the screen of the electronic device. In one embodiment, the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), for example, an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14 layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or elements separated and electrically insulated by a dielectric layer or insulating layer such as glass fiber, polymer, etc. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, and a wiring layer, and the wiring layer and the ground layer are electrically connected by a via.

[0099] Any ground layer, or ground plate, or ground metal layer described above is made of conductive material. In one embodiment, the conductive material can be any of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate, and tin-plated copper, graphite powder impregnated cloth, graphite coated substrate, copper plated substrate, brass plated substrate, and aluminum plated substrate.

[0100] As understood by those skilled in the art, the ground layer / ground plate / ground metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.

[0101] The technical solutions provided in the present application are applicable to wearable devices using one or more of the following communication technologies: BT communication technology, global positioning system (GPS) communication technology, wireless fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, global system for mobile communications (GSM) communication technology, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) communication technology, long term evolution (LTE) communication technology, (5 th generation (5G) communication technology, and other future communication technologies.

[0102] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a wearable device provided by an embodiment of the present application, which is illustrated by taking a wireless earphone as an example.

[0103] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a structural schematic of a wireless earphone 100, which may be, for example, a TWS Bluetooth earphone. The wireless earphone 100 can be divided into an earbud portion 1 and an ear stem portion 2. The earbud portion 1 is connected to one end of the ear stem portion 2. The earbud 1 can be accommodated or embedded in the user's auricle, and the ear stem portion 2 can be hooked on the edge of the user's auricle and located on the outer periphery of the user's auricle.

[0104] like Figure 1 As shown in (a) and (c), the ear stem 2 can be further divided into a connecting segment 21 that connects to the earbud portion 1, and a top segment 22 and a bottom segment 23 located on both sides of the connecting segment 21. The top segment 22, the connecting segment 21, and the bottom segment 23 of the ear stem 2 are arranged sequentially along the longitudinal direction of the wireless earphone. In this application, the longitudinal direction can be the extending direction of the ear stem 2 (e.g., Figure 1 The Y-axis shown in (a) is also the length direction of the ear stem 2. The two ends in the longitudinal direction can be the top and the bottom, respectively. The top section 22, the connecting section 21 and the bottom section 23 can be an integral structure or a separate structure.

[0105] like Figure 1 As shown in (b), the ear stem 2 can be further divided into a connecting segment 21 that connects to the earbud portion 1, and a bottom segment 23 located on one side of the connecting segment 21. The connecting segment 21 connects between the earbud portion 1 and the bottom segment 23. The connecting segment 21 and the bottom segment 23 are distributed along the longitudinal direction of the wireless earphone 100. That is to say, in this application, the wireless earphone 100 may or may not have such a feature. Figure 1 The top segment 22 is shown in (a) and (c) in the figure.

[0106] like Figure 1 As shown in (a) and (b) in the figures, the wireless earphone 100 may include a housing 10. The housing 10 may be used to house various components of the wireless earphone 100. The housing 10 may include a main housing 101, a bottom housing 102, and a side housing 103.

[0107] The main housing 101 can cover part of the bottom section 23 of the ear stem 2, the connecting section 21 of the ear stem 2, the top section 22 of the ear stem 2, and the portion of the earbud 1 connected to the connecting section 21. A first opening 1011 can be formed in the bottom section 23 of the ear stem 2, and a second opening 1012 can be formed in the earbud 1. The first opening 1011 and the second opening 1012 can be used to house components inside the wireless earphone 100.

[0108] The bottom housing 102 can be located at the very bottom of the bottom section 23 of the ear stem portion 2. The bottom housing 102 can be fixedly connected to the main housing 101 through the first opening 1011. In one possible implementation, the connection between the bottom housing 102 and the main housing 101 is a detachable connection (e.g., a snap-fit ​​connection, a threaded connection, etc.) to facilitate subsequent repair (or maintenance) of the wireless earphone 100. In another possible implementation, the connection between the bottom housing 102 and the main housing 101 can be a non-detachable connection (e.g., adhesive bonding) to reduce the risk of the bottom housing 102 accidentally falling off, thereby improving the reliability of the wireless earphone 100.

[0109] The side housing 103 can be located on the side of the earbud portion 1 away from the ear stem portion 2. The side housing 103 can be fixedly connected to the main housing 101 through the second opening 1012. In one possible implementation, the connection between the side housing 103 and the main housing 101 is a detachable connection (e.g., a snap-fit ​​connection, a threaded connection, etc.) to facilitate subsequent repair (or maintenance) of the wireless earphone 100. In another possible implementation, the connection between the side housing 103 and the main housing 101 can also be a non-detachable connection (e.g., adhesive bonding) to reduce the risk of the side housing 103 accidentally falling off, thereby improving the reliability of the wireless earphone 100.

[0110] One or more sound outlets 1031 may be provided on the side housing 103, so that sound inside the housing 10 can be transmitted to the outside of the housing 10 through the sound outlets 1031. This application does not limit the shape, position, number, etc. of the sound outlets 1031.

[0111] It should be understood that this application does not limit the number and location of openings on the housing 10. Different wireless earphones 100 may have different numbers and / or different opening locations. For example, as Figure 1 As shown in (c), the outer casing 10 may include a first casing 104 and a second casing 105. A third opening 1041 may be formed on the first casing 104. The first casing 104 can be fixedly connected to the second casing 105 through the third opening 1041. Figure 1 In the example shown in (c), the wireless earphone 100 can have fewer openings.

[0112] It should be understood that Figure 1 The structure of the wireless earphone 100 shown is merely an example; the wireless earphone 100 can have other different embodiments. The following only uses... Figure 1 The wireless earphone 100 shown is used as an example for detailed explanation, etc.

[0113] Figure 2 This is a comparative schematic diagram of the antenna structure of TWS earphones under different conditions. Figure 2(a) shows the antenna pattern when the user is not wearing the TWS earphones. Figure 2 (b) in the diagram is the radiation pattern of the antenna structure when the user wears the TWS earphone.

[0114] Because TWS earbuds are worn close to the user's head, the human body significantly absorbs the energy radiated from the earbuds' antenna structure, altering its radiation pattern. Furthermore, due to reflection, the antenna structure near the head experiences a null point with extremely poor radiation performance. Figure 2 As shown in (b), this causes stuttering issues during user operation, reducing the user experience. It should be understood that the null point of the antenna pattern can be considered as a small value of the gain in the antenna pattern, or it can be considered as a region where the gain is less than a certain threshold. Due to differences in antenna structure and environment, the antenna pattern may also have multiple null points.

[0115] Meanwhile, when TWS earbuds are worn on a user's ears, interference in the surrounding environment—such as other electronic devices emitting Bluetooth signals or 2.4GHz WiFi signals (which operate on the same frequency as Bluetooth)—can interfere with the user's use of the TWS earbuds. Other wearable devices worn by the user, such as smartwatches and smart glasses, will also face the same issue.

[0116] Due to the aforementioned issues, wearable devices urgently require antenna pattern switching.

[0117] The antenna structure provided in this application embodiment may include antenna element 1 and antenna element 2, wherein the radiation pattern of antenna element 1 when worn by the user is as follows: Figure 3 In the direction Figure 1 The radiation pattern of antenna element 2 when worn by the user is as follows: Figure 3 In the direction Figure 2 ,direction Figure 1 and direction Figure 2These are two complementary radiation patterns. The headphones can switch between antenna element 1 and antenna element 2 based on the sensitivity of the antenna elements. When the packet loss rate is below a threshold, the switching occurs between the two complementary radiation patterns. The null positions of the original single antenna pattern are filled in, and the synthesized dual-antenna radiation pattern compensates for the small gain at the null point of either single antenna pattern, thereby improving the overall over-the-air (OTA) performance of the antenna structure. It should be understood that two complementary radiation patterns mean that the null points of the two patterns are not in the same direction, i.e., the null points do not coincide. The packet loss rate can be understood as the ratio of data packets lost by the electronic device during data reception. When the packet loss rate is greater than a threshold, it can be determined that the current antenna structure is greatly affected by the environment, and its radiation characteristics are poor. The synthesized radiation pattern is formed by combining at least two radiation patterns for ease of understanding. The synthesized radiation pattern can be understood as the gain at any angle being the larger of the gains of the at least two radiation patterns at that angle. It should be understood that the radiation pattern synthesized from two complementary radiation patterns can at least increase the gain of either radiation pattern at its null point.

[0118] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of antenna 201 (also referred to as antenna 201).

[0119] like Figure 4 As shown, antenna 201 may include radiator 211, PCB 220, feed unit 230 and switch 240.

[0120] The radiator 211 can be formed using the metal portion of the wearable device's casing. The radiator 211 can be positioned facing the PCB 220; this facing-facing configuration can be understood as the radiator 211 and the PCB 220 being face-to-face. A power supply unit 230 is electrically connected between a first end of the radiator 211 and a ground plane (e.g., metal layer 211 in the PCB 220). A switch 240 is electrically connected between a second end of the radiator 211 and the ground plane.

[0121] exist Figure 4In the shown antenna 201, by switching the electrical connection state between the metal layer 221 and the second end of the radiator 211 through the switch 240, different working modes of the antenna radiator at the same frequency band can be realized. The radiator 211 at different working modes can be regarded as corresponding to different antenna units, for example, including a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit. The first antenna unit and the second antenna unit share the radiator 211. When the switch 240 is in a first switch state (for example, connected), the second end of the metal part 211 is in a first connection state (for example, an electrical connection state) with the metal layer 221, the second end of the metal part is grounded through the first switch, and part or all of the metal part 211 serves as the radiator of the first antenna unit. In this case, the first unit can be a left-handed antenna or a loop antenna. When the switch 240 is in a second switch state (for example, disconnected), the second end of the metal part 211 is in a second connection state (for example, the second end of the metal part 211 is not connected with the metal layer 221, that is, no electrical connection is formed, and no electrical signal is transmitted) with the metal layer 221, the second end of the metal part 211 is not grounded through the switch 240, and part or all of the metal part 211 serves as the radiator of the second antenna unit. In this case, the second unit can be a monopole antenna.

[0122] Therefore, by controlling the state of the switch 240, the antenna 201 can be switched between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit. The first antenna unit and the second antenna unit both use the radiator 211 as a radiator to generate radiation. Since the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit have complementary directional patterns.

[0123] However, in this antenna structure, when the switch 240 is switched between the first switch state and the second switch state, the mode difference between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is large (the first unit is a left-handed antenna or a loop antenna, and the second antenna unit is a monopole antenna). Therefore, in order to ensure that the antenna structure has good radiation characteristics, a switch 241 needs to be provided between the feeding unit 230 and the radiator 211 to switch different matches corresponding to the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit.

[0124] Since the space in the wearable device is compact, it is difficult to layout multiple switches in the limited space. Therefore, for the above-mentioned Figure 4 The shown antenna is difficult to implement in a wearable device.

[0125] The present application provides a wearable device which can include an antenna with a simple structure, can switch directional patterns on the basis of ensuring good radiation characteristics, and improve the anti-interference ability of the wearable device.

[0126] Firstly, the present application will be introduced from Figure 5 to Figure 8 four antenna modes. Among them,Figure 5 is a structure of a common mode of a line antenna and a corresponding distribution of current, electric field provided by the present application. Figure 6 is a structure of a differential mode of a line antenna and a corresponding distribution of current, electric field provided by the present application. Figure 7 is a structure of a common mode of a slot antenna and a corresponding distribution of current, electric field, magnetic current provided by the present application. Figure 8 is a structure of a differential mode of a slot antenna and a corresponding distribution of current, electric field, magnetic current provided by the present application.

[0127] 1. Common mode (CM) mode of a line antenna

[0128] Figure 5 (a) of FIG. 1 shows that a radiator of a line antenna 40 is connected to ground (e.g. a floor, which can be a PCB) through a feed line 42. The line antenna 40 is connected to a feed unit (not shown in the figure) at a middle position 41, and adopts a symmetrical feed. The feed unit can be connected to the middle position 41 of the line antenna 40 through the feed line 42. It should be understood that the symmetrical feed can be understood as that one end of the feed unit is connected to the radiator, and the other end is connected to the ground, wherein the feed unit and the radiator connection point (feed point) is located at the center of the radiator, which can be, for example, the midpoint of the collection structure, or the midpoint of the electrical length (or a region within a certain range near the above-mentioned midpoint).

[0129] The middle position 41 of the line antenna 40, for example, the middle position 41 can be the geometric center of the line antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, for example, the middle position 41 is covered by the connection between the feed line 42 and the line antenna 40.

[0130] Figure 5 (b) of FIG. 1 shows the current and electric field distribution of the line antenna 40. As shown in (b) of FIG. 1, the current presents a symmetrical distribution, for example, an opposite distribution, on both sides of the middle position 41; the electric field presents a same direction distribution on both sides of the middle position 41. As shown in (b) of FIG. 1, the current at the feed line 42 presents a same direction distribution. Based on the same direction distribution of the current at the feed line 42, Figure 5 (b) of FIG. 1, the current presents a symmetrical distribution on both sides of the connection between the feed line 42 and the line antenna 40, and the electric field presents a same direction distribution on both sides of the middle position 41. Figure 5 (b) of FIG. 1, the current presents a symmetrical distribution on both sides of the connection between the feed line 42 and the line antenna 40, and the electric field presents a same direction distribution on both sides of the middle position 41. Figure 5 (b) of FIG. 1, the current presents a symmetrical distribution on both sides of the connection between the feed line 42 and the line antenna 40, and the electric field presents a same direction distribution on both sides of the middle position 41. Figure 5 (b) of FIG. 1, the current presents a symmetrical distribution on both sides of the connection between the feed line 42 and the line antenna 40, and the electric field presents a same direction distribution on both sides of the middle position 41. Figure 5 (b) of FIG. 1, the current presents a symmetrical distribution on both sides of the connection between the feed line 42 and the line antenna 40, and the electric field presents a same direction distribution on both sides of the middle position 41.

[0131] The current and electric field in CM mode of the line antenna are generated by the two stubs (e.g., two horizontal stubs) on either side of the center position 41 of the line antenna 40 as an antenna operating in quarter-wavelength mode. The current is strong at the center position 41 of the line antenna 40 and weak at both ends of the line antenna 40. The electric field is weak at the center position 41 of the line antenna 40 and strong at both ends of the line antenna 40.

[0132] 2. Differential mode (DM) of a linear antenna

[0133] like Figure 6 Image (a) shows two radiators of a line antenna 50 connected to ground (e.g., a floor, which could be a PCB) via a feed line 52. The line antenna 50 has a feed element at a midpoint 51 between the two radiators, employing an anti-symmetrical feed. One end of the feed element is connected to one of the radiators via the feed line 52, and the other end is connected to the other radiator via the feed line 52. The midpoint 51 can be the geometric center of the line antenna, or the gap formed between the radiators.

[0134] It should be understood that the "center-antisymmetric feeding" mentioned in this application can be interpreted as the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit being connected to two connection points near the midpoint of the radiator. The signals output from the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit have the same amplitude but opposite phase, for example, a phase difference of 180°±10°.

[0135] Figure 6 (b) shows the current and electric field distribution of the wire antenna 50. Figure 6 As shown in (b), the current in the linear antenna 50 exhibits an asymmetrical distribution on both sides of the central position 51, for example, a unidirectional distribution; the electric field exhibits a reverse distribution on both sides of the central position 51. Figure 6 As shown in (b), the current at feeder line 52 exhibits a reverse distribution. Based on the reverse current distribution at feeder line 52, Figure 6 The type of feed shown in (a) can be called a DM feed for a wire antenna. This is based on the fact that the current exhibits an asymmetrical distribution (e.g., unidirectional distribution) on both sides of the connection between the radiator and the feed line 52. Figure 6 The line antenna mode shown in (b) can be called the DM mode of the line antenna (or simply DM mode; for example, for a line antenna, DM mode refers to the DM mode of the line antenna). Figure 6 The current and electric field shown in (b) can be referred to as the current and electric field of the DM mode of the wire antenna, respectively.

[0136] The current and electric field of the DM mode of the wire antenna are generated by the whole wire antenna 50 as an antenna working in the half-wavelength mode. The current is strong at the middle position 51 of the wire antenna 50 and weak at the two ends of the wire antenna 50. The electric field is weak at the middle position 51 of the wire antenna 50 and strong at the two ends of the wire antenna 50.

[0137] It should be understood that for the radiator of the wire antenna, which can be understood as a metal structure generating radiation, the number thereof can be one, as shown in Figure 5 , or two, as shown in Figure 6 , which can be adjusted according to actual design or production needs. For example, for the CM mode of the wire antenna, two radiators can also be used, as shown in Figure 6 , the two ends of the two radiators are oppositely arranged and spaced apart by a gap, and a symmetric feeding mode is used at the two ends close to each other, for example, the same feed signal is fed into the two ends close to each other of the two radiators, respectively, which can also obtain similar effects to the antenna structure as shown in Figure 5 . Correspondingly, for the DM mode of the wire antenna, one radiator can also be used, as shown in Figure 5 , two feed points are arranged at the middle position of the radiator and an anti-symmetric feeding mode is used, for example, signals with the same amplitude and opposite phase are fed into the two symmetric feed points on the radiator, respectively, which can also obtain similar effects to the antenna structure as shown in Figure 6 .

[0138] 3. CM mode of the slot antenna

[0139] Figure 7 The slot antenna 60 shown in (a) of FIG. 6 can be formed by a slot or gap 61 with a hollow in the radiator of the slot antenna, or can be formed by the radiator of the slot antenna and the ground (for example, the floor, which can be a PCB) enclosing the slot or gap 61. The slot 61 can be formed by slotting on the floor. An opening 62 is provided on one side of the slot 61, and the opening 62 can be specifically provided at the middle position of the side. The middle position of the side of the slot 61 can be, for example, the geometric midpoint of the slot antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, for example, the area where the opening 62 is provided on the radiator covers the middle position of the side. The opening 62 can be connected to a feed unit and an anti-symmetric feeding mode is used. It should be understood that the anti-symmetric feeding mode can be understood as the positive and negative poles of the feed unit being connected to the two ends of the radiator, respectively. The signals output by the positive and negative poles of the feed unit have the same amplitude and opposite phase, for example, the phase difference is 180°±10°.

[0140] Figure 7 The current, electric field and magnetic current distribution of the slot antenna 60 are shown in (b) of FIG. 6. As shown in Figure 7As shown in (b), the current is unidirectionally distributed around slot 61 on the conductors (such as the floor and / or radiator 60) surrounding slot 61, the electric field is oppositely distributed on both sides of the middle position of slot 61, and the magnetic current is oppositely distributed on both sides of the middle position of slot 61. Figure 7 As shown in (b), the electric field at opening 62 (e.g., the feed point) is in the same direction, and the magnetic current at opening 62 (e.g., the feed point) is also in the same direction. Based on the fact that the magnetic current at opening 62 (the feed point) is in the same direction, Figure 7 The feeding method shown in (a) can be called slot antenna CM feeding. This is based on the asymmetric distribution (e.g., unidirectional distribution) of the current on the radiators on both sides of the opening 62, or on the unidirectional distribution of the current around the slot 61 on the conductor surrounding the slot 61. Figure 7 The slot antenna mode shown in (b) can be called the CM mode of the slot antenna (or simply CM mode; for example, for a slot antenna, CM mode refers to the CM mode of the slot antenna). Figure 7 The electric field, current, and magnetic current distribution shown in (b) can be referred to as the electric field, current, and magnetic current of the CM mode of the slot antenna.

[0141] The current and electric field in CM mode of the slot antenna are generated by the slot antenna elements on both sides of the middle position of the slot antenna 60 as an antenna operating in half-wavelength mode. The magnetic field is weak at the middle position of the slot antenna 60 and strong at both ends of the slot antenna 60. The electric field is strong at the middle position of the slot antenna 60 and weak at both ends of the slot antenna 60.

[0142] 4. DM mode of slot antenna

[0143] like Figure 8 The slot antenna 70 shown in (a) can be formed by having a slot or gap 72 in the radiator of the slot antenna, or it can be formed by the radiator of the slot antenna and ground (e.g., a floor, which can be a PCB) enclosing the slot or slot 72. The slot 72 can be formed by slotting in the floor. A feed unit is connected at the middle position 71 of the slot 72, and symmetrical feeding is used. It should be understood that symmetrical feeding can be understood as one end of the feed unit being connected to the radiator and the other end being grounded, wherein the connection point between the feed unit and the radiator (feed point) is located at the center of the radiator, which can be, for example, the midpoint of the assembly structure, or the midpoint of the electrical length (or a certain range near the aforementioned midpoint). The positive terminal of the feed unit is connected at the middle position of one side of the slot 72, and the negative terminal of the feed unit is connected at the middle position of the other side of the slot 72. The middle position of the side of slot 72 can be, for example, the middle position of slot antenna 60 / the middle position of ground, such as the geometric midpoint of slot antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of radiator, such as the middle position 51 of the side covered by the connection between the feed unit and the radiator.

[0144] Figure 8(b) of FIG. 1 shows the current, electric field, and magnetic current distribution of the slot antenna 70. As shown in Figure 8 (b) of FIG. 1, on the conductor (such as the ground plate, and / or the radiator 60) around the slot 72, the current is distributed around the slot 72 and reversely on both sides of the middle position of the slot 72, the electric field is distributed on both sides of the middle position 71 in the same direction, and the magnetic current is distributed on both sides of the middle position 71 in the same direction. The magnetic current at the feeding unit is reversely distributed (not shown). Based on the reversely distributed magnetic current at the feeding unit, Figure 8 (a) of FIG. 1, such a feeding can be referred to as DM feeding of the slot antenna. Based on the symmetric distribution (for example, reversely distributed) of the current on both sides of the connection between the feeding unit and the radiator, or, based on the symmetric distribution (for example, reversely distributed) of the current around the slot 71, Figure 8 (b) of FIG. 1, such a slot antenna mode can be referred to as DM mode of the slot antenna (which can also be simply referred to as DM mode, for example, for the slot antenna, the DM mode refers to the DM mode of the slot antenna). Figure 8 (b) of FIG. 1, the electric field, current, and magnetic current distribution can be referred to as the electric field, current, and magnetic current of the DM mode of the slot antenna.

[0145] The current and electric field of the DM mode of the slot antenna are generated by the entire slot antenna 70 working in the one-wavelength mode. The current is weak at the middle position of the slot antenna 70 and strong at both ends of the slot antenna 70. The electric field is strong at the middle position of the slot antenna 70 and weak at both ends of the slot antenna 70.

[0146] It should be understood that for the radiator of the slot antenna, the metal structure (for example, a part of the ground plate) that can generate radiation can include an opening, as shown in Figure 7 , or can also be a complete ring, as shown in Figure 8 , which can be adjusted according to actual design or production needs. For example, for the CM mode of the slot antenna, a complete ring radiator can also be used as shown in Figure 8 , two feeding points are arranged at the middle position of the radiator on one side of the slot 61, and an anti-symmetric feeding mode is used, for example, signals with the same amplitude and opposite phases are fed into the two ends of the radiator on both sides of the opening, which can also obtain similar effects to the antenna structure shown in Figure 7 . Correspondingly, for the DM mode of the slot antenna, a radiator including an opening can also be used as shown in Figure 7 , a symmetric feeding mode is used at the two ends of the opening, for example, the same feeding signal is fed into the two ends of the radiator on both sides of the opening, which can also obtain similar effects to the antenna structure shown in Figure 8 .

[0147] Figure 9 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application, which can be applied toFigure 1 The wearable device shown in FIG. 1.

[0148] As shown in FIG. 1, the wearable device includes a first radiating body 310, a second radiating body 320, a first electronic element 341, a feeding unit 330, and a switch 340. Figure 9 The first radiating body 310, the second radiating body 320, the feeding unit 330, and the switch 340 can be disposed in a housing 10 of the wearable device shown in FIG. 1. In an embodiment, the first radiating body 310, the second radiating body 320, the feeding unit 330, and the switch 340 can be disposed in an ear stem 2 of the wearable device shown in FIG. 1.

[0149] Figure 1 The first radiating body 310, the second radiating body 320, the feeding unit 330, and the switch 340 can be disposed in a housing 10 of the wearable device shown in FIG. 1. In an embodiment, the first radiating body 310, the second radiating body 320, the feeding unit 330, and the switch 340 can be disposed in an ear stem 2 of the wearable device shown in FIG. 1. Figure 1

[0150] The first end of the first radiating body 310 and the first end of the second radiating body 320 are opposite to each other and do not contact each other. In an embodiment, the second end of the first radiating body 310 and the second end of the second radiating body 320 are opposite to each other and do not contact each other, and the second end of the first radiating body 310 and the second end of the second radiating body 320 are open ends. The open end can be understood as that the radiating body is not connected to other conductors at the end. For the sake of brevity of the description, only the second end of the first radiating body 310 and the second end of the second radiating body 320 are taken as examples for description in this embodiment.

[0151] The first end of the first radiating body 310 includes a feeding point 311, and the feeding unit 330 is electrically connected to the first radiating body 310 at the feeding point 311. The first end of the second radiating body 320 includes a grounding point 321, and the switch 340 is electrically connected between the second radiating body 320 and the ground plate 301 at the grounding point 321. The first electronic element 341 is electrically connected between the switch 340 and the ground plate 301.

[0152] When the switch 340 is in the first switch state, the operating frequency band of the antenna 300 includes a first frequency band, and the antenna 300 generates a first directional pattern. When the switch 340 is in the second switch state, the operating frequency band of the antenna 300 includes the first frequency band, and the antenna generates a second directional pattern, and the first directional pattern and the second directional pattern are complementary.

[0153] In an embodiment, when the switch 340 is in the first switch state (for example, a connected state), the first end of the second radiating body 320 is grounded through the switch 340. When the switch 340 is in the second switch state (for example, a disconnected state), the first end of the second radiating body 320 is not grounded through the switch 340.

[0154] ​​The technical solution provided in this application embodiment controls the electrical connection state between the first end of the second radiator 320 and the ground 301 by adjusting the electrical connection state of the switch 340, thereby changing the operating mode of the antenna 300. The different operating modes of the antenna 300 achieve the switching of two complementary radiation patterns. In one embodiment, such as... Figure 9 As shown, when switch 340 is in the second switch state (e.g., open state), antenna 300 can function as a first antenna element, and its operating mode is the CM mode of a linear antenna. When switch 340 is in the first switch state (e.g., connected state), antenna 300 can function as a second antenna element, and its operating mode is a hybrid mode including both CM and DM modes of a slot antenna. The resonances generated by the first and second antenna elements can both support communication of the wearable device within the first frequency band. By utilizing the first radiation pattern generated by the CM mode of the first antenna element and the complementary second radiation pattern generated by the hybrid mode of the second antenna element, the antenna radiation pattern can be switched.

[0155] In one embodiment, no switch is provided between the feed unit 330 and the first radiator 310, or between the feed unit 330 and the ground 301. In the technical solution provided in this application embodiment, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are switched by adjusting the electrical connection state of the switch 340. Since the operating modes of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are similar, it is not necessary to provide an additional switch at the feed unit 330 to switch the matching network corresponding to the operating modes of different antenna units (e.g., a capacitor connected in series and an inductor connected in parallel between the feed unit 330 and the first radiator 310), thus reducing the layout space occupied by the antenna 300. Furthermore, since no switch is provided at the feed unit 330 to switch the matching network, the introduction of a switch will not cause additional insertion loss, thereby preventing a loss of antenna radiation performance.

[0156] In one embodiment, the first end of the first radiator 310 cannot be narrowly interpreted as necessarily being a single point. It can also be considered as a segment of the first radiator 310 including its endpoint (which can be any point on the edge of the first radiator 310). For example, the first end can be considered as a radiator within one-sixteenth of the first wavelength from the endpoint, or it can be considered as a radiator within 2 mm of the first endpoint. The first end or second end of the radiator in this embodiment can also be understood accordingly. The first wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to a first frequency band. For example, the first wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to the resonant point in the first frequency band, or it can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first frequency band.

[0157] In one embodiment, the antenna 300 may be disposed at... Figure 1The ear stem part 2 of the wearable device shown.

[0158] In one embodiment, the first radiator 310 is closer to the ear stem part 2 than the second radiator 320. Figure 1 The distance between the first radiator 310 and the ear stem part 2 is smaller than the distance between the second radiator 320 and the ear stem part 2. The first radiator 310 can be arranged at the area of the ear stem part 2 close to the ear stem part 1, and the first radiator 310 can serve as a main radiator (arranged with a feeding point) to generate radiation by using the metal part in the ear stem part 2 electrically connected to the floor 301, so as to improve the radiation characteristics of the antenna 300.

[0159] In one embodiment, the floor 301 can be a metal layer 351 of a PCB 350 in the wearable device, and the metal layer 351 can serve as the floor of the antenna, or the conductor electrically connected to the metal layer 351 can also serve as the floor of the antenna.

[0160] In one embodiment, the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 can be in a sheet shape. The metal layer 351 can be arranged opposite to (facing each other) the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320.

[0161] In one embodiment, the feeding unit 330 and the switch 340 can be arranged on the same substrate (for example, the PCB 350), or can also be arranged on two or more different substrates according to the layout requirement, for example, arranged on another PCB different from the PCB 350, and / or a flexible printed circuit (FPC), and the present application does not limit this, and the actual design can be adjusted.

[0162] In one embodiment, the distance between the first radiator 310 and the floor 301 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm. In one embodiment, the distance between the first radiator 310 and the floor 301 can be 1.6 mm. The distance between the first radiator 310 and the floor 301 can be understood as the minimum value of the linear distance between the point on the first radiator 310 and the point on the floor 301, or can be understood as the distance between the first radiator 310 and the floor 301 in the first direction, and the first direction can be the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first radiator 310 is located (for example, the z direction).

[0163] In an embodiment, the distance between the end (second end) of the first radiator 310 and the end (second end) of the second radiator 320 is less than or equal to 1 mm. In an embodiment, the distance between the end (second end) of the first radiator 310 and the end (second end) of the second radiator 320 can be 0.6 mm. The distance between the end (second end) of the first radiator 310 and the end (second end) of the second radiator 320 can be understood as the width of the gap formed between the end (second end) of the first radiator 310 and the end (second end) of the second radiator 320.

[0164] In an embodiment, the length L1 of the first radiator 310 and the length L2 of the second radiator 320 satisfy: L1 x 60% ≤ L2, or L2 x 60% ≤ L1. In an embodiment, the electrical length of the first radiator 310 and the electrical length of the second radiator 320 can be the same (e.g., the electrical length differs by ±10%). Due to the space layout inside the wearable device, the physical length of the radiator can be shortened without changing the electrical length by arranging electronic components (e.g., capacitors or inductors) between the radiator and the floor.

[0165] In an embodiment, the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 can be arranged in parallel. In an embodiment, the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 can be arranged along the same line, and the projections of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 on the plane of the floor are arranged along the same line. Alternatively, in an embodiment, the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 can be arranged staggered, and the projections of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 on the plane of the floor are parallel to each other in a first direction and are spaced apart in a second direction, wherein the first direction is the extension direction of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 (e.g., the y direction), and the second direction (e.g., the x direction) is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0166] In an embodiment, the projections of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 on the plane of the floor are parallel to each other in a first direction and are spaced apart in a second direction by a distance less than one quarter of a first wavelength, or it can also be considered that the distance in the second direction is less than 5 mm, wherein the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

[0167] In an embodiment, the first frequency band includes the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485 GHz).

[0168] In one embodiment, when the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 are arranged or formed on the inner surface of the housing, they can be arranged on the surface (inner surface or outer surface) of the wearable device housing by patch or laser-direct-structuring (LDS) technology.

[0169] When the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 are arranged in the internal space enclosed by the housing, the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 can be implemented in the form of a metal layer, a metal patch such as a floating metal (FLM), an FPC, an internal conductive / structural member, or an on-board of a PCB, and the present application does not limit this.

[0170] In one embodiment, the switch 340 can be a single-pole single-throw switch, or other types of switches such as a single-pole double-throw switch, a single-pole four-throw switch, or a four-pole single-throw switch, which can also achieve the same technical effect, or can also be other types of elements such as an adjustable capacitor, which switches the electrical connection state between the metal layer 351 and the second radiator 320 by changing the capacitance value of the adjustable capacitor. The adjustable capacitor can include a first capacitance state and a second capacitance state, corresponding to a first switch state and a second switch state of the switch 340, respectively, the first capacitance state corresponds to a first capacitance value, and the second capacitance state corresponds to a second capacitance value, the first capacitance value and the second capacitance value are related to the operating frequency of the antenna structure. For the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485 GHz), when the first capacitance value of the adjustable capacitor in the first capacitance state is less than or equal to 0.2 pF, it can be considered that the first end of the second radiator 320 is not connected to the metal layer 351. When the second capacitance value of the adjustable capacitor in the second capacitance state is greater than or equal to 10 pF, it can be considered that the first end of the second radiator 320 is electrically connected to the metal layer 351. It should be understood that in different frequency bands, the electrical connection state (disconnected or connected) between the metal layer 351 and the second radiator 320 corresponds to different capacitance values, so for other frequency bands, the same effect can also be achieved by adjusting the capacitance value of the adjustable capacitor, and the present application does not limit this.

[0171] An adjustable capacitor is a variable capacitor whose capacitance value can be adjusted within a certain range. The formula for calculating the capacitance value of a capacitor is as follows:

[0172]

[0173] Where ε is the dielectric constant between the two plates; δ is the absolute dielectric constant in vacuum; k is the electrostatic force constant; S is the area of the two plates facing each other; and d is the vertical distance between the two plates.

[0174] Therefore, the principle of the variable capacitor is generally to change the facing area of the two plates or the vertical distance between the two plates to change the capacitance value accordingly.

[0175] Figure 11 is Figure 9 the S parameter of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.

[0176] As Figure 11 shown in FIG. 2, when the switch is in the second switch state (for example, the off state), the first end of the second radiator is not grounded through the switch, and the antenna can function as the first antenna unit. The CM mode of the first antenna unit can generate one resonance.

[0177] When the switch is in the first switch state (for example, the on state), the first end of the second radiator is grounded through the switch, and the antenna can function as the second antenna unit. Since the electrical length of the radiator is determined by the frequency point of the resonance generated by the first antenna unit when the switch is in the second switch state.

[0178] When there is no electronic element electrically connected between the switch and the radiator, since the electrical length of the radiator cannot be adjusted, the boundary condition of the mixed mode of the CM mode and the DM mode of the slot antenna cannot be met, only one resonance can be generated, and the operating mode is similar to the CM mode of the first antenna unit. In this case, the second directional pattern generated by the second antenna unit is similar to the first directional pattern generated by the first antenna unit, and the first directional pattern and the second directional pattern are not complementary, and the directional pattern switching cannot be realized.

[0179] When there is an electronic element electrically connected between the switch and the radiator, the electrical length of the radiator can be adjusted by different values (capacitance or inductance) of the electronic element (the electronic element is inductance in the embodiment of the application, and the inductance value is taken as an example of 2.2nH). The CM mode and the DM mode can be excited, two resonances (the low-frequency resonance can correspond to the CM mode, and the high-frequency resonance can correspond to the DM mode) can be generated. And in this case, the second directional pattern generated by the second antenna unit is complementary to the first directional pattern generated by the first antenna unit, and the directional pattern switching can be realized.

[0180] Figure 12 is Figure 9 the current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 1.

[0181] As Figure 12 shown in (a) of FIG. 3, it is the current distribution diagram of the first antenna unit when the switch is in the second switch state (for example, the off state), and the first end of the second radiator is not grounded through the switch. In the current path, the current does not reverse, which can correspond to the one-half wavelength mode.

[0182] As Figure 12Fig. 6 (c) shows the current distribution of the second antenna unit in the DM mode of the slot antenna when the switch is in the first switch state (e.g., the on state) and the first end of the second radiator is grounded through the switch. In the current path, the current is reversed in turn, which can correspond to a one-wavelength mode.

[0183] As shown in Fig. 6 (b), by adjusting the values of the electronic elements, the resonances of the CM mode and the DM mode of the slot antenna can be brought close to each other to form a resonant frequency band. The working frequency band of the first antenna unit and the working frequency band of the second antenna unit both include the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485 GHz). Figure 12 Fig. 6 (c) shows the current distribution of the second antenna unit in the DM mode of the slot antenna when the switch is in the first switch state (e.g., the on state) and the first end of the second radiator is grounded through the switch. In the current path, the current is reversed in turn, which can correspond to a one-wavelength mode.

[0184] Figure 13 Fig. 6 (d) shows the S parameters and the system efficiency of the antenna shown in Fig. 6 (c). Figure 14 Fig. 6 (e) shows the directional diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 6 (c) in the yoz plane. Figure 9 Fig. 6 (f) shows the simulation results of the S parameters and the system efficiency of the antenna shown in Fig. 6 (e). Figure 13 Fig. 6 (g) shows the directional diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 6 (e) in the yoz plane. Figure 9 Fig. 6 (h) shows the simulation results of the S parameters and the system efficiency of the antenna shown in Fig. 6 (g). Figure 14 Fig. 6 (i) shows the directional diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 6 (g) in the yoz plane. Figure 9 Fig. 6 (j) shows the simulation results of the S parameters and the system efficiency of the antenna shown in Fig. 6 (i).

[0185] As shown in Fig. 6 (b), by adjusting the values of the electronic elements, the resonances of the CM mode and the DM mode of the slot antenna can be brought close to each other to form a resonant frequency band. The working frequency band of the first antenna unit and the working frequency band of the second antenna unit both include the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485 GHz). Figure 13 For the second antenna unit, in the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485 GHz), the embodiments of the present application only take the CM mode of the slot antenna as an example for description.

[0186] As shown in Fig. 6 (d), at 2.44 GHz, the system efficiency of the first antenna unit and the system efficiency of the second antenna unit are approximately the same and are flat within the working frequency band, which meets the basic communication requirements of the antenna in the Bluetooth frequency band.

[0187] Figure 13 As shown in Fig. 6 (g), the null point of the directional diagram generated by the first antenna unit is located at about 60° and 120°. The null point of the directional diagram generated by the second antenna unit is located at about 95° and 70°. The directional diagram generated by the first antenna unit and the directional diagram generated by the second antenna unit are complementary.

[0188] Figure 14

[0189] Fig. 7 (a) and Fig. 7 (b) are respectively the directional diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 6 (e) under a human head model and a human body model. Figure 15 Figure 16 It should be understood that, Figure 9 Fig. 7 (c) and Fig. 7 (d) are respectively the directional diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 6 (g) under a human head model and a human body model.

[0190] It should be understood that, Figure 15 Fig. 7 (e) and Fig. 7 (f) are respectively the directional diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 6 (i) under a human head model and a human body model. Figure 16 ​​​The diagram shows the radiation patterns corresponding to different viewing angles when the wearable device is worn on the left ear of the model at 2.44 GHz.

[0191] like Figure 15 (a) and Figure 16 Figure (a) shows the radiation pattern of the model wearing the wearable device in the xoy plane (horizontal plane). Between 0° and 150°, the gain of the first antenna element is greater than that of the second antenna element (greater than 5dB). When an interference signal enters from this angle, the system can switch to the second antenna element to receive a weaker interference signal; conversely, when an audio signal enters from this angle, the system can switch to the first antenna element to receive a stronger audio signal, thus improving the performance of the wearable device. Between 150° and 360°, the gain of the second antenna element is greater than that of the first antenna element, allowing switching based on either the interference signal or the audio signal.

[0192] like Figure 15 (b) and Figure 16 As shown in (b), this is the radiation pattern in the xoz plane after the model is wearing the wearable device. In the radiation pattern away from the model, the gain of the first antenna element is approximately the same as the gain of the second antenna element.

[0193] like Figure 15 (c) and Figure 16 As shown in (c), this is the radiation pattern in the yoz plane after the model wears the wearable device. In the radiation pattern away from the model, the gain of the first antenna element is greater than the gain of the second antenna element.

[0194] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna 300 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0195] like Figure 17 As shown, the antenna 300 may also include a neutralization line 360, with a first end of the neutralization line 360 ​​electrically connected to the first radiator 310 at a first position 361 and a second end electrically connected to the second radiator 320 at a second position 362.

[0196] It should be understood that Figure 17 The antenna 300 shown is Figure 9 The antenna 300 shown is different only in its electrical connection neutral line 360 ​​between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320.

[0197] Since multiple electronic components are arranged in the space inside the wearable device, the antenna 300 can be affected, and thus the coupling between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 can be affected. When the coupling between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 is weak, the difference between the frequencies at which the CM mode and the DM mode of the second antenna unit resonate can be controlled by adjusting the first electronic component 341 electrically connected between the switch 340 and the ground plane 301, so that the resonance frequency band generated by the second antenna unit includes the first frequency band. When the coupling between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 is strong, the resonance points at which the CM mode and the DM mode of the second antenna unit resonate are located on the two sides of the first frequency band, respectively, and thus the difference between the frequencies at which the CM mode and the DM mode of the second antenna unit resonate cannot be controlled by adjusting the first electronic component 341, so that the resonance frequency band generated by the second antenna unit includes the first frequency band.

[0198] Therefore, when the neutralization line 360 is electrically connected between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320, the phase of the electrical signal transmitted on the second radiator 320 by the neutralization line 360 can be opposite to (for example, the phase difference is 180°) the phase of the electrical signal coupled on the second radiator 320 by space, and the two can cancel each other out to reduce the coupling between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 by controlling the electrical length of the neutralization line 360.

[0199] In an embodiment, the distance between the first position 361 and the feed point 311 is less than one sixteenth of the first wavelength, and / or the distance between the second position 362 and the ground point 321 is less than one sixteenth of the first wavelength, the first wavelength being the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band. Alternatively, in an embodiment, the distance between the first position 361 and the feed point 311 is less than 3 mm, and / or the distance between the second position 362 and the ground point 321 is less than 3 mm.

[0200] In an embodiment, the neutralization line 360 can further include a gap. The second electronic component 342 of the antenna 300 can be electrically connected between the neutralization lines on both sides of the gap. The electrical length of the neutralization line 360 can be controlled by adjusting the second electronic component 342, so that the phase of the electrical signal transmitted on the second radiator 320 by the neutralization line 360 is opposite to (for example, the phase difference is 180°) the phase of the electrical signal coupled on the second radiator 320 by space, and the two can cancel each other out.

[0201] In an embodiment, the second electronic component 342 can be an inductor, and the inductance value can be greater than or equal to 5 nH. It should be understood that the inductance value of the second electronic component 342 can be adjusted according to the actual design, and the present application does not limit this.

[0202] Figure 18 and Figure 19 are Figure 17The simulation results for the antenna are shown. Among them, Figure 18 yes Figure 17 The isolation between the first radiator and the second radiator in the antenna shown. Figure 19 yes Figure 17 The simulation results for the antenna shown are as follows.

[0203] It should be understood that, for the sake of brevity, the embodiments of this application only use the second electronic component 342 as an inductor with an inductance value of 5nH as an example for illustration. In actual applications, adjustments can be made according to the design, and this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0204] like Figure 18 As shown, because a neutralization line 360 ​​is electrically connected between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320, a dip appears in the isolation between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 near the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485GHz). Therefore, good isolation can be maintained between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 within the Bluetooth frequency band.

[0205] like Figure 19 As shown, since the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 can maintain good isolation, the frequency difference between the resonance generated by the CM mode and DM mode of the second antenna unit can be reduced, so that the resonance generated by the two can form a resonance band, which includes the Bluetooth band (2.4-2.485GHz).

[0206] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna 300 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0207] like Figure 20 As shown, the antenna 300 may also include a third electronic component 343, which may be electrically connected between the ends of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 disposed opposite to each other (for example, electrically connected between the second end of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320).

[0208] It should be understood that Figure 17 The antenna 300 shown is Figure 9 The antenna 300 shown differs only in that a third electronic element 343 is electrically connected between the ends of the first radiator 310 and the ends of the second radiator 320, which are arranged opposite to each other.

[0209] When the antenna 300 includes the third electronic element 343, the phase of the electrical signal transmitted by the third electronic element 343 on the second radiator 320 can be opposite to the phase of the electrical signal coupled by space on the second radiator 320 (for example, the phase difference is 180°), and the two can be mutually offset to reduce the coupling between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320.

[0210] In an embodiment, the third electronic element 343 is an inductor, and the inductance value is greater than or equal to 10nH. It should be understood that the inductance value of the third electronic element 343 can be adjusted according to the actual design, and the present application does not limit this.

[0211] Figure 21 and Figure 22 respectively Figure 20 The simulation results of the antennas shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, respectively. Among them, Figure 21 is Figure 20 the isolation between the first radiator and the second radiator in the antenna shown in FIG. 8. Figure 22 is Figure 20 the simulation results of the antennas shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

[0212] It should be understood that for the sake of brevity of the discussion, the embodiments of the present application only take the third electronic element 343 as an inductor with an inductance value of 24nH as an example for illustration, and in actual application, the design can be adjusted, and the present application does not limit this.

[0213] As shown in FIG. 12, Figure 21 Because the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 are electrically connected by the third electronic element 343, the isolation between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 has a notch near the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485GHz). Therefore, within the Bluetooth frequency band, the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 can maintain good isolation.

[0214] As shown in FIG. 13, Figure 22 Because the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 can maintain good isolation, the frequency difference between the CM mode and the DM mode of the second antenna unit can be reduced, so that the resonances generated by the two can form a resonance frequency band, and the resonance frequency band includes the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485GHz).

[0215] In the above embodiments, the open end (second end) of the first radiator and the open end (second end) of the second radiator are close to each other, and the ground end (the end electrically connected with the feeding unit) of the first radiator and the ground end (the end electrically connected with the switch) of the second radiator are far from each other. The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to other layout modes of double radiators, which will be described in the following embodiments.

[0216] Figure 23 is another schematic diagram of an antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0217] As shown in Figure 23 , the end of the first radiator 310 and the end of the second radiator 320 are opposite and not in contact with each other. In an embodiment, the first end of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320 are opposite and not in contact with each other. The second end of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320 are open ends. The first end of the first radiator 310 includes a feeding point, and the feeding unit 330 is electrically connected with the first radiator 310 at the feeding point. The first end of the second radiator 320 includes a grounding point, and the switch 340 is electrically connected between the second radiator 320 and the ground plate 301 at the grounding point. The first electronic element 341 is electrically connected between the switch 340 and the ground plate 301.

[0218] It should be understood that Figure 23 the antenna 300 shown in Figure 17 is only different from the antenna 300 shown in Figure 17 in the layout mode of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320. Figure 23 In the antenna 300 shown in , the open end (second end) of the first radiator and the open end (second end) of the second radiator are close to each other, and the ground end (the end electrically connected with the feeding unit) of the first radiator and the ground end (the end electrically connected with the switch) of the second radiator are far from each other. And

[0219] In the antenna 300 shown in Figure 24 , the ground end of the first radiator and the open end of the second radiator are close to each other. Figure 23

[0220] It should be understood that by adjusting the value of the first electronic element (in this embodiment, an inductance value of 4nH is taken as an example) between the switch and the floor and the value of the second electronic element (in this embodiment, an inductance value of 10nH is taken as an example) arranged in the neutral line gap, the two resonances generated by the mixed operation mode (the operation mode of the slot antenna and the operation mode of the wire antenna) of the second antenna unit can be brought close to each other to form a resonance frequency band. The operation frequency band of the first antenna unit and the operation frequency band of the second antenna unit both include the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485GHz).

[0221] As shown in Figure 24 , at 2.44GHz, the system efficiency of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is roughly the same and is flat within the operation frequency band, satisfying the basic communication requirement of the antenna in the Bluetooth frequency band.

[0222] Figure 25 and Figure 26 is Figure 23 the simulation result of the antenna shown in Figure 25 . Among them, Figure 23 is the current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 26 . Figure 23 is the directional diagram of the antenna shown in

[0223] As shown in Figure 25 (a), when the switch is in the second switch state (for example, the off state), the first end of the second radiator is not grounded through the switch, and the current distribution diagram of the first antenna unit in the CM mode of the wire antenna. In the current path, the current does not reverse, which can correspond to a half-wavelength mode. The first directional diagram generated by the first antenna unit at 2.44GHz is shown in Figure 26 (a).

[0224] As shown in Figure 25 (b), when the switch is in the first switch state (for example, the on state), the first end of the second radiator is grounded through the switch, and the current distribution diagram of the second antenna unit in the mixed mode. The first directional diagram generated by the second antenna unit at 2.44GHz is shown in Figure 26 (b).

[0225] As shown in Figure 26 , the first directional diagram generated by the first antenna unit and the second directional diagram generated by the second antenna unit are complementary, and the antenna can switch the first directional diagram and the second directional diagram through the switch to improve the performance of the wearable device.

[0226] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0227] As shown in Figure 27As shown, the ends of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 are opposite to each other and do not contact each other. In one embodiment, the second end of the first radiator 310 is opposite to the first end of the second radiator 320 and does not contact each other. The second ends of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320 are open ends. The first end of the first radiator 310 includes a feed point, and the feed unit 330 is electrically connected to the first radiator 310 at the feed point. The first end of the second radiator 320 includes a ground point, and the switch 340 is electrically connected between the second radiator 320 and the ground plane 301 at the ground point. The first electronic component 341 is electrically connected between the switch 340 and the ground plane 301.

[0228] It should be understood that Figure 27 The antenna 300 shown is Figure 17 The antenna 300 shown differs only in the arrangement of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320. Figure 17 In the antenna 300 shown, the open ends (second ends) of the first radiator and the open ends (second ends) of the second radiator are close to each other, while the ground ends (the ends electrically connected to the feed unit) of the first radiator and the ground ends (the ends electrically connected to the switch) of the second radiator are far apart. Figure 27 In the antenna 300 shown, the open end of the first radiator and the ground end of the second radiator are close to each other.

[0229] Figure 28 yes Figure 27 Simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna shown.

[0230] It should be understood that by adjusting the values ​​of the first electronic component (with an inductance of 3.5nH in this embodiment) and the second electronic component (with an inductance of 12nH in this embodiment) disposed within the neutral wire gap, the two resonances generated by the hybrid operating mode (slot antenna operating mode and wire antenna operating mode) of the second antenna unit can be brought closer together to form a resonant frequency band. Both the operating frequency bands of the first and second antenna units include the Bluetooth band (2.4-2.485GHz).

[0231] like Figure 28 As shown, at 2.44GHz, the system efficiency of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is roughly the same and flat within the operating frequency band, which meets the basic communication requirements of the antenna in the Bluetooth band.

[0232] Figure 29 and Figure 30 yes Figure 27 The simulation results for the antenna are shown. Among them, Figure 29 yes Figure 27 The current distribution diagram of the antenna shown is shown. Figure 30yes Figure 27 The radiation pattern of the antenna shown.

[0233] like Figure 29 As shown in (a), when the switch is in the second switching state (e.g., the open state), the first end of the second radiator is not grounded through the switch, and the current distribution of the first antenna element in the CM mode of the wire antenna is shown. In the current path, the current does not reverse, which corresponds to the half-wavelength mode. The first radiation pattern generated by the first antenna element at 2.44 GHz is shown below. Figure 30 As shown in (a) in the figure.

[0234] like Figure 29 As shown in (b), when the switch is in the first switching state (e.g., connected state), the first end of the second radiator is grounded through the switch, and the current distribution of the second antenna element in mixed mode is shown. The first radiation pattern generated by the second antenna element at 2.44 GHz is as follows. Figure 30 As shown in (b) of the diagram.

[0235] like Figure 30 As shown, the first radiation pattern generated by the first antenna unit and the second radiation pattern generated by the second antenna unit are complementary. The antenna can switch between the first radiation pattern and the second radiation pattern to improve the performance of the wearable device.

[0236] Figure 31 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna 300 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0237] like Figure 31 As shown, the ends of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 are opposite to each other and do not contact each other. In one embodiment, the first end of the first radiator 310 and the first end of the second radiator 320 are opposite to each other and do not contact each other. The second ends of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320 are open ends. The first end of the first radiator 310 includes a feed point, and the feed unit 330 is electrically connected to the first radiator 310 at the feed point. The first end of the second radiator 320 includes a ground point, and the switch 340 is electrically connected between the second radiator 320 and the ground plane 301 at the ground point. The first electronic component 341 is electrically connected between the switch 340 and the ground plane 301.

[0238] It should be understood that Figure 31 The antenna 300 shown is Figure 9 The antenna 300 shown differs only in the arrangement of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320. Figure 9 In the antenna 300 shown, the open ends (second ends) of the first radiator and the open ends (second ends) of the second radiator are close to each other, while the ground ends (the ends electrically connected to the feed unit) of the first radiator and the ground ends (the ends electrically connected to the switch) of the second radiator are far apart.Figure 31 In the antenna 300 shown, the ground end of the first radiator and the ground end of the second radiator are close to each other.

[0239] Figure 32 is Figure 31 Simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna shown.

[0240] It should be understood that by adjusting the value of the first electronic element electrically connected between the switch and the ground plate, the two resonances generated by the DM mode of the wire antenna of the second antenna unit can be made close to each other, forming a resonant frequency band. The operating frequency band of the first antenna unit and the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit both include the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485 GHz).

[0241] As Figure 32 shown, at 2.44 GHz, the system efficiency of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is approximately the same and is flat within the operating frequency band, meeting the basic communication needs of the antenna in the Bluetooth frequency band.

[0242] Figure 33 and Figure 34 is Figure 31 Simulation results of the antenna shown. Among them, Figure 33 is Figure 31 Current distribution diagram of the antenna shown. Figure 34 is Figure 31 The antenna pattern of the antenna shown.

[0243] As Figure 33 shown in (a) in FIG. 10, when the switch is in the second switch state (for example, the open state), the first end of the second radiator is not grounded through the switch, and the current distribution diagram of the first antenna unit in the CM mode of the wire antenna. In the current path, the current does not reverse, which can correspond to a half-wavelength mode. The first antenna unit generates a first directional pattern at 2.44 GHz, as shown in (a) in FIG. 11. Figure 34

[0244] As Figure 33 shown in (b) in FIG. 10, when the switch is in the first switch state (for example, the connected state), the first end of the second radiator is grounded through the switch, and the current distribution diagram of the second antenna unit in the DM mode of the wire antenna. In the current path, the current does not reverse, which can correspond to a half-wavelength mode. The second antenna unit generates a first directional pattern at 2.44 GHz, as shown in (b) in FIG. 11. Figure 34

[0245] As Figure 34 shown, the first directional pattern generated by the first antenna unit and the second directional pattern generated by the second antenna unit are complementary, and the antenna can switch the first directional pattern and the second directional pattern through the switch to improve the performance of the wearable device. ​​​

[0246] The application provides a wearable device, which can include an antenna that can be designed in a housing of the wearable device. The working frequency of the antenna can support a communication connection between the wearable device and another electronic device, no matter whether the electronic device connected with the wearable device is placed in a bag, a pocket, or a place where the user is located at an airport and the like where the signal interference is strong. Through switching the working mode of the antenna structure by the switch of the antenna, stable communication connection between the wearable device and the electronic device can be realized. Specifically, the wearable device with the antenna structure can realize stable connection of signals by switching the switch of the antenna structure. The communication connection can be a Bluetooth connection.

[0247] Figure 35 and Figure 36 is another wearable device provided by the embodiment of the application.

[0248] It should be understood that the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to wearable devices other than TWS earphones, for example, smart watches or smart glasses and the like.

[0249] As Figure 35 indicated, the antenna structure in the above embodiment can be applied to a smart watch, and the application does not limit the specific position of the antenna structure, which is only used as an example. For example, the radiator of the antenna can be arranged in the bezel, the PCB can be arranged in the space surrounded by the metal shell, the feed unit can be arranged on the PCB, and the switch can also be arranged on the PCB, the design position of which can be as shown in Figure 35 indicated, it should be understood that the radiator of the antenna can also be arranged on the inner surface of the shell of the smart watch.

[0250] As Figure 36 indicated, the antenna structure can be designed by using the temple of smart glasses, the design position of which is as shown in the figure, or the antenna structure can also be designed by using the frame of smart glasses, or the design can be adjusted according to the actual production design requirement. For example, the antenna radiator can be arranged in the internal space of the temple or the frame of smart glasses, the PCB can be arranged in the temple, the feed unit can be arranged on the PCB, and the switch can also be arranged on the PCB, the design position of which is as shown in Figure 36 indicated.

[0251] Those skilled in the art can use different methods to realize the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the application.

[0252] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the above-described system, device and unit can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described herein.

[0253] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device and method can be implemented in other manners. For example, the division of the above-described device embodiment is only a logical function division, and there can be another division manner for actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections between different units, or the among different units, can be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, devices or units, and can be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0254] The above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed in the present application can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art, and should be covered in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wearable device, comprising: The wearable device comprises: a housing; an antenna comprising a feed unit, a switch, a first electronic element, a first radiator and a second radiator, the feed unit, the switch, the first radiator and the second radiator being located in the housing; a ground plate, a first end of the second radiator being electrically connected to the ground plate through the switch; wherein an end of the first radiator and an end of the second radiator are opposite and do not contact each other; a first end of the first radiator comprises a feed point, the feed unit being electrically connected to the first radiator at the feed point; a first end of the second radiator comprises a grounding point, the switch being electrically connected between the second radiator and the ground plate at the grounding point, the first electronic element being electrically connected between the switch and the ground plate; when the switch is in a first switch state, a working frequency band of the antenna comprises a first frequency band, the antenna generates a first directional pattern; when the switch is in a second switch state, the working frequency band of the antenna comprises the first frequency band, the antenna generates a second directional pattern, the first directional pattern and the second directional pattern being complementary.

2. The wearable device according to claim 1, wherein when the switch is in the first switch state, the first end of the second radiator is grounded through the switch; when the switch is in the second switch state, the first end of the second radiator is not grounded through the switch.

3. The wearable device according to claim 1, wherein the antenna further comprises a second electronic element; the second electronic element is electrically connected between the end of the first radiator and the end of the second radiator which are opposite.

4. The wearable device according to claim 3, wherein the second electronic element is an inductor, and an inductance value of the inductor is greater than or equal to 10nH.

5. The wearable device according to claim 1, wherein the antenna further comprises a neutral line; a first end of the neutral line is electrically connected to the first radiator at a first position, and a second end of the neutral line is electrically connected to the second radiator at a second position.

6. The wearable device according to claim 5, wherein a distance between the first position and the feed point is less than one sixteenth of a first wavelength, and / or a distance between the second position and the grounding point is less than one sixteenth of the first wavelength, the first wavelength being a wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

7. The wearable device according to claim 5, wherein the antenna further comprises a third electronic element; the neutral line comprises a gap, and the third electronic element is electrically connected between the neutral line on two sides of the gap.

8. The wearable device according to claim 7, wherein the third electronic element is an inductor, and an inductance value of the inductor is greater than or equal to 5nH.

9. The wearable device according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the first radiator and the ground plate is greater than or equal to 0.5mm and less than or equal to 3mm.

10. The wearable device according to claim 1, wherein A distance between the end of the first radiator and the end of the second radiator is less than or equal to 1 mm.

11. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein, A length L1 of the first radiator and a length L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L1 x 60% ≤ L2, or L2 x 60% ≤ L1.

12. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein, Projections of the first radiator and the second radiator on a plane where the floor is located are parallel to each other in a first direction, and a distance between the projections in a second direction is less than one fourth of a first wavelength, wherein the first direction is an extending direction of the first radiator and the second radiator, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the first wavelength is a wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

13. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein, The second end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are opposite and do not contact each other. The second end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are open ends.

14. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein, The first end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are opposite and do not contact each other. The second end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are open ends.

15. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein, The second end of the first radiator and the second end of the first radiator are opposite and do not contact each other. The second end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are open ends.

16. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein, The first end of the first radiator and the second end of the first radiator are opposite and do not contact each other. The second end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are open ends.

17. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein, The wearable device is a true wireless (TWS) earphone. The wearable device includes an earplug portion and an ear stem portion, and the antenna is disposed on the ear stem portion. A distance between the first radiator and the earplug portion is less than a distance between the second radiator and the earplug portion.

18. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein, The first radiator and the second radiator are in a sheet shape. The wearable device further includes a printed circuit board (PCB) including a metal layer, and the metal layer is disposed opposite the first radiator and the second radiator.

19. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein, The feeding unit does not include a switch between the first radiator or the floor.

20. The wearable device of any one of claims 1-19, wherein, The first frequency band includes a Bluetooth frequency band 2.4-2.485 GHz.

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