Operating methods for telescopic booms, telescopic cutting devices, and tunneling machines

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of tunneling equipment, specifically relating to a telescopic boom, a telescopic cutting device, and a tunneling machine operation method. The telescopic boom includes an outer cylinder, a telescopic component, a first support component, and a second support component. The outer cylinder has a first inner cavity extending along a first direction. Two first support components are respectively disposed on two opposite inner walls of the outer cylinder. The telescopic component is disposed in the first inner cavity. Two second support components are respectively disposed on two opposite side walls of the telescopic component. The first support component and the second support component are correspondingly fitted and abutted against each other to support the telescopic component and restrict its rotation. The second support component is movable along the first support component in the first direction so that the telescopic component is movable relative to the outer cylinder in the first direction. The telescopic boom disclosed in this invention has strong torsional resistance and small size, and can be adapted to the tunneling of small-section semi-coal and rock tunnels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunneling equipment technology, specifically relating to a telescopic boom, a telescopic cutting device, and a tunneling machine operation method. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are the main equipment for excavating underground roadways in coal mines. The cutting mechanism of the TBM is mainly responsible for breaking up coal and rock in the cross-section of the tunnel. When the TBM is not equipped with a telescopic mechanism, the feeding action of the cutting mechanism depends on the action of the traveling mechanism. Therefore, the TBM's slotting, shaping and other operation modes mainly rely on the repeated forward and backward movement and left and right swing of the traveling mechanism to drive the cutting mechanism to the designated position. The frequent movement of the traveling mechanism will inevitably cause serious damage to the floor of the roadway and also affect the efficiency of roadway excavation.

[0003] In related technologies, there are generally two types of telescopic mechanisms designed for the cutting section of tunneling machines. One type of telescopic mechanism is a cylindrical guide with a flat key to resist torsion. The cylindrical guide of this type of telescopic mechanism has gaps, and the vibration generated during the cutting process can easily cause wear on the flat key or keyway, eventually leading to telescopic failure. Since the cutting vibration in coal roadways is small, this type of telescopic mechanism is mainly suitable for coal roadways.

[0004] Another type of telescopic mechanism uses a rectangular guide with clamping cylinders. For example, the cutting mechanism disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN104389597B uses clamping cylinders in two directions to eliminate the gaps in the rectangular guide mechanism, which can effectively resist cutting vibrations. At the same time, the rectangular guide mechanism has strong torsional resistance and is suitable for rock tunnels. However, telescopic mechanisms with rectangular guides are relatively large, resulting in a large overall size for the cutting section and the entire machine. Therefore, this type of telescopic mechanism is suitable for large-section tunnels but has poor applicability in coal mines with generally small cross-sections. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0006] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention propose a telescopic boom that has strong torsional resistance and small size, and can be adapted to the excavation of small-section semi-coal and rock tunnels and rock tunnels.

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides a telescopic cutting device.

[0008] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for operating a tunneling machine.

[0009] A telescopic arm according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0010] An outer cylinder having a first inner cavity extending along a first direction;

[0011] The first support component, and the two first support components are respectively disposed on two opposite inner walls of the outer cylinder;

[0012] A telescopic component, wherein the telescopic component is disposed in the first inner cavity;

[0013] The second support component is provided on two opposite side walls of the telescopic component. The first support component and the second support component are correspondingly fitted and abutted to support the telescopic component and restrict the rotation of the telescopic component. The second support component is movable along the first support component in the first direction so that the telescopic component is movable relative to the outer cylinder in the first direction.

[0014] A first driver is disposed between the outer cylinder and the telescopic component, and the first driver is used to drive the telescopic component to move relative to the outer cylinder;

[0015] A second actuator is connected to the outer cylinder, and at least one of the two first support members is movable relative to the outer cylinder. The second actuator is used to drive one of the two first support members to move closer to the other, or to drive the two first support members to move closer to each other.

[0016] The telescopic boom of this invention has strong torsional resistance and small size, making it suitable for excavation in small-section semi-coal and rock tunnels.

[0017] In some embodiments, the first support member has a first surface and a second surface, and a preset included angle α is formed between the first surface and the second surface;

[0018] The second support component has a third surface and a fourth surface, with a preset included angle β between the third surface and the fourth surface, where β = α. The third surface abuts against the first surface, and the fourth surface abuts against the second surface.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first support member is provided with a first friction block and a second friction block, the first surface being located on the first friction block and the second surface being located on the second friction block; and / or

[0020] The telescopic component has a groove, and the second support component includes a third friction block and a fourth friction block disposed in the groove, with the third surface located on the third friction block and the fourth surface located on the fourth friction block.

[0021] In some embodiments, the two first support members are disposed opposite each other along a second direction, the second direction being parallel to the horizontal plane and the first direction being orthogonal to the second direction.

[0022] In some embodiments, the outer cylinder is provided with a connecting member, and both first support members are connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder through the connecting member. The connecting member has a limiting cavity, and the first support member has an end plate disposed in the limiting cavity. The end plate of at least one of the two first support members is movable in the second direction.

[0023] In some embodiments, the connecting component includes a mounting platform, a baffle, and a pressure block. Two mounting platforms are disposed opposite each other on the inner wall of the outer cylinder along a third direction, and two baffles are disposed opposite each other on the outer cylinder along a first direction. A pressure block is provided on the mounting platform, and a limiting cavity is formed between the mounting platform, the baffle, and the pressure block. The pressure block is used to limit the displacement of the end plate in the second direction.

[0024] In at least one of the two connecting components, the width of the limiting cavity between the pressure block and the inner wall of the outer cylinder is greater than the width of the end plate in the second direction;

[0025] The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are all orthogonal to each other.

[0026] In some embodiments, in at least one of the two connecting members, the inner width between the two mounting platforms is greater than the width of the end plate in the third direction, so that the corresponding first support member is movable within a preset threshold range along the third direction; and / or

[0027] At least one of the two baffles is detachably connected to the outer cylinder; and / or

[0028] The actuating end of the second actuator abuts against the end plate of the corresponding first support member; and / or

[0029] The second actuator includes a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders, which are spaced apart along a first direction on the outer cylinder and operate synchronously; and / or

[0030] It also includes a dustproof component, which is disposed on the outer cylinder and corresponds to the second support component to prevent dust from entering between the first support component and the second support component.

[0031] In some embodiments, the upper portion of the first inner cavity has a first sliding surface, and the upper portion of the telescopic member has a second sliding surface, the first sliding surface and the second sliding surface abutting against each other; and / or

[0032] The telescopic component has a second inner cavity for mounting a cutting actuator. The telescopic component has a first hole, and the outer cylinder has a second hole and a third hole. The cable of the cutting actuator is led out of the outer cylinder through the third hole. The telescopic component and the outer cylinder are in a first state, in which the first hole corresponds to the second hole to allow for maintenance of the equipment in the second inner cavity; and / or

[0033] The first actuator includes a second hydraulic cylinder, one end of which is hinged to the outer cylinder, and the other end of which is hinged to the telescopic component.

[0034] A telescopic cutting device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0035] The telescopic arm as described in any of the above embodiments;

[0036] A cutting actuator, wherein the cutting actuator is disposed in the second inner cavity of the telescopic member;

[0037] A cutting head is located at the end of the telescopic component and is connected to the cutting drive unit.

[0038] According to the tunneling machine operation method of the present invention, the tunneling machine includes a telescopic cutting device as described in the above embodiments, and the tunneling machine has a first working condition and a second working condition during the tunneling construction process;

[0039] The tunneling machine operation method includes the following steps:

[0040] Under the first operating condition, the first support component is driven to abut against the second support component, so that the frictional force between the first support component and the second support component is greater than a first threshold and less than a second threshold, wherein the first threshold is less than the second threshold.

[0041] Drive the telescopic component to extend or retract relative to the outer cylinder;

[0042] Under the second operating condition, the first support component is driven to abut against the second support component, so that the frictional force between the first support component and the second support component is greater than a third threshold, wherein the third threshold is greater than the second threshold. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic cutting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic sectional view along the AA direction.

[0045] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic sectional view along the middle BB direction.

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic cutting device from another perspective of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the telescopic cutting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure label:

[0049] 11. Cutting head; 12. Cantilever section; 13. Reducer;

[0050] 2. Outer cylinder; 21. First support component; 211. First friction block; 212. Second friction block; 213. End plate; 214. Base; 221. Mounting platform; 222. Baffle; 223. Pressure block; 23. Main connecting lug; 24. First inner cavity; 25. First sliding surface; 261. Second hole; 262. Third hole; 27. Second actuator; 271. Cylinder body; 272. Oil inlet; 273. Piston rod; 274. Seal; 28. Dustproof component; 29. ​​Cable fixing component;

[0051] 3. Telescopic component; 31. Groove; 32. Flange; 33. Third friction block; 34. Fourth friction block; 35. Second inner cavity; 36. First hole; 37. Second sliding surface;

[0052] 5. First driver; 6. Cutting driver; 61. Cable cavity; 7. Cable chain; 71. First mounting base; 72. Second mounting base. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0054] See Figures 1-5 The telescopic arm of the present invention will be described. The telescopic arm includes an outer cylinder 2 and a telescopic component 3. The outer cylinder 2 has a first inner cavity 24 extending in a first direction. The telescopic component 3 is disposed in the first inner cavity 24. The telescopic component 3 is a cylinder or a rod.

[0055] A first support member 21 is provided on the outer cylinder 2, and two first support members 21 are respectively provided on two opposite inner walls of the outer cylinder 2. A second support member is provided on the telescopic member 3, and two second support members are respectively provided on two opposite side walls of the telescopic member 3. The first support member 21 and the second support member are correspondingly fitted and abutted against to support the telescopic member 3 and restrict the rotation of the telescopic member 3. The second support member is movable along the first support member 21 in a first direction so that the telescopic member 3 is movable relative to the outer cylinder 2 in the first direction.

[0056] It should be understood that the telescopic component 3 is supported on the first support component 21 on the outer cylinder 2 by the second support component. The contact between the first support component 21 and the second support component not only has guiding and supporting functions, but also anti-torsion function, which can prevent the telescopic arm from rotating circumferentially around the first direction during the swinging process, thereby improving the structural stability of the telescopic arm.

[0057] A first driver 5 is provided between the outer cylinder 2 and the telescopic component 3. The first driver 5 is used to drive the telescopic component 3 to move relative to the outer cylinder 2. That is, the first driver 5 is used to drive the telescopic arm to extend and retract, so that the second support component moves relative to the first support component 21 in a first direction, and at the same time the telescopic component 3 also moves relative to the outer cylinder 2 in a first direction.

[0058] A second actuator 27 is provided on the outer cylinder 2. At least one of the two first support members 21 is movable relative to the outer cylinder 2. The second actuator 27 is used to drive one of the two first support members 21 to move closer to the other, or to drive the two first support members 21 closer to each other. It should be understood that the second actuator 27 can drive one or both of the first support members 21 to move, thereby clamping the second support member, that is, it can adjust the friction between the first support member 21 and the second support member. When the telescopic boom operates under different working conditions, the stability of the force on the telescopic member 3 can be ensured by adjusting the friction between the first support member 21 and the second support member, further improving the overall structural stability of the telescopic boom.

[0059] The first direction in this embodiment of the invention is the front-back direction shown in the figure.

[0060] The telescopic boom of this invention has strong torsional resistance and small size, making it suitable for excavation in small-section semi-coal and rock tunnels.

[0061] Optionally, the figure shows a second driver 27 disposed between one of the first support components 21 and the outer cylinder 2, so that the other first support component 21 does not need to be driven by the second driver 27, further reducing the volume of the telescopic arm.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the first support member 21 has a first surface and a second surface, with a preset included angle α between the first surface and the second surface; the second support member has a third surface and a fourth surface, with a preset included angle β between the third surface and the fourth surface, and β = α, the third surface abuts against the first surface, and the fourth surface abuts against the second surface.

[0063] Specifically, the included angle α between the first and second surfaces and the included angle β between the third and fourth surfaces are less than 180°. Both the first support member 21 and the second support member have a V-shaped structure. For example, the first support member 21 has an outward convex V-shaped structure and the second support member has an inward concave V-shaped structure. Or, for example, the first support member 21 has an inward concave V-shaped structure and the second support member has an outward convex V-shaped structure. The accompanying drawings of the embodiment of the present invention show a schematic diagram of the first support member 21 having an outward convex V-shaped structure and the second support member having an inward concave V-shaped structure.

[0064] By setting up the above structure, the stability of the telescopic component 3 under force in different directions can be guaranteed. During the relative movement of the telescopic component 3 and the outer cylinder 2, the torque resisting overturning is improved, the torsional resistance is stronger, and the stability is better during the excavation of semi-coal rock or rock tunnels. In addition, the structures of the first support component 21 and the second support component can be stacked together by a V-shaped structure to reduce the volume of the telescopic arm.

[0065] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention can achieve clamping of the telescopic component 3 by driving one of the first support components 21, and can achieve positioning and clamping of the telescopic component 3 in multiple circumferential directions without the need to set up second drivers 27 in multiple directions. This can further reduce the volume of the telescopic arm and make it more practical for tunneling construction in small cross-section tunnels.

[0066] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the first support member 21 is provided with a first friction block 211 and a second friction block 212, with a first surface located on the first friction block 211 and a second surface located on the second friction block 212. The telescopic member 3 has a groove 31, which is a V-shaped groove. The second support member includes a third friction block 33 and a fourth friction block 34 disposed in the groove 31, with a third surface located on the third friction block 33 and a fourth surface located on the fourth friction block 34. It should be understood that a friction pair is formed between the first friction block 211 and the third friction block 33, and a friction pair is formed between the second friction block 212 and the fourth friction block 34. This enables effective support for both the first support member 21 and the second support member, while also effectively controlling the frictional force between them. This facilitates adjustment of the frictional force between the telescopic member 3 and the outer cylinder 2, and allows for control of the thrust of the first driver 5 and the magnitude of the frictional force between the telescopic member 3 and the outer cylinder 2.

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, two first support members 21 are arranged opposite each other along a second direction, which is parallel to the horizontal plane and orthogonal to the first direction. Arranging the two first support members 21 opposite each other along the second direction enables circumferential constraint and limiting of the telescopic member 3. Furthermore, during the extension and retraction of the telescopic member 3, and during the up-and-down and left-and-right swinging of the telescopic arm, the two first support members 21 are subjected to uniform force, resulting in good stability.

[0068] In this embodiment of the invention, the second direction is the left-right direction shown in the figure.

[0069] In some embodiments, the outer cylinder 2 is provided with a connecting component, and two first support components 21 are connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 through the connecting component. The connecting component has a limiting cavity, and the first support component 21 has an end plate 213. The end plate 213 is disposed in the limiting cavity, and the end plate 213 of at least one of the two first support components 21 is movable in the second direction.

[0070] It should be understood that the first support component 21 includes a base 214, an end plate 213 is disposed at one end of the base 214, and a first friction block 211 and a second friction block 212 are disposed on the base 214 at a preset included angle α. The first support component 21 is supported in the limiting cavity of the connecting component on the outer cylinder 2 by the end plate 213. The end plate 213 is constrained in the limiting cavity, which can ensure the relative stability of the first support component 21. At the same time, the end plate 213 on at least one first support component 21 can move in the second direction in the corresponding limiting cavity. That is, the second driver 27 can drive the corresponding first support component 21 to move closer to another first support component 21, thereby clamping the telescopic component 3.

[0071] Optionally, the end plates 213 in the two first support components 21 can both move in the second direction within the limiting cavity.

[0072] Optionally, the end plate 213 of one of the first support components 21 cannot move in the second direction within the limiting cavity, while the end plate 213 of the other first support component 21 can move in the second direction within the limiting cavity.

[0073] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the connecting components include mounting platforms 221, baffles 222, and pressure blocks 223. Two mounting platforms 221 are disposed opposite each other on the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 along a third direction. Two baffles 222 are disposed opposite each other on the outer cylinder 2 along a first direction. Pressure blocks 223 are provided on the mounting platforms 221. A limiting cavity is formed between the mounting platforms 221, baffles 222, and pressure blocks 223. The pressure blocks 223 are used to limit the displacement of the end plate 213 in a second direction. It should be understood that the two mounting platforms 221 and the two baffles form rectangular grooves on the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2, which can constrain and limit the movement of the end plate 213 in the first and third directions. The pressure blocks 223 can be disposed opposite to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 to constrain and limit the movement of the end plate 213 in the second direction.

[0074] In at least one of the two connecting components, the width of the limiting cavity between the pressure block 223 and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 is greater than the width of the corresponding end plate 213 in the second direction. That is, when the first support member 21 is movable in the second direction, the width H1 of the limiting cavity between the pressure block 223 and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 in the connecting component corresponding to the first support member 21 is greater than the width H2 of the end plate 213 in the second direction.

[0075] Among them, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are all orthogonal to each other. The third direction is the up-down direction shown in the figure.

[0076] Optionally, the width of the limiting cavity between the pressure block 223 in one of the connecting components and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 is greater than the width of the corresponding end plate 213 in the second direction, and the width of the limiting cavity between the pressure block 223 in the other connecting component and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 is equal to the width of the corresponding end plate 213 in the second direction.

[0077] Optionally, the width of the limiting cavity between the pressure block 223 in both connecting components and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 is greater than the width of the corresponding end plate 213 in the second direction. The end plates 213 of the two first support components 21 can be adjusted slightly in the second direction, retaining a slight adjustment capability in the second direction while considering processing errors.

[0078] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, in at least one of the two connecting components, the inner width L1 between the two mounting platforms 221 is greater than the width L2 of the corresponding end plate 213 in the third direction, so that the corresponding first support member 21 is movable within a preset threshold range in the third direction. It should be understood that the inner width between the two mounting platforms 221 being greater than the width of the end plate 213 in the third direction allows the end plate 213 to be adjusted to a certain extent in the third direction, while retaining a small adjustment capability in the third direction, taking into account processing errors.

[0079] Optionally, the inner width between the two mounting platforms 221 in one of the connecting components is greater than the width of the corresponding end plate 213 in the third direction, and the inner width between the two mounting platforms 221 in the other connecting component is equal to the width of the corresponding end plate 213 in the third direction.

[0080] Optionally, the inner width between the two mounting platforms 221 in the two connecting components is greater than the width of the corresponding end plate 213 in the third direction.

[0081] In the above embodiments, by slightly adjusting the end plate 213 in the second and third directions, the fit between the first support component 21 and the second support component can be improved, thereby enhancing the stability of the support for the telescopic component 3, making the telescopic arm more resilient to stress, and avoiding stress concentration in local areas.

[0082] In some embodiments, at least one of the two baffles 222 is detachably connected to the outer cylinder 2. The baffle 222 is used to prevent the end plate 213 in the corresponding first support member 21 from disengaging from the limiting cavity. When one of the baffles 222 is removed, the corresponding first support member 21 can be easily disassembled, installed, and maintained.

[0083] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the actuating end of the second actuator 27 abuts against the end plate 213 of the corresponding first support member 21. The actuating end of the second actuator 27 and the end plate 213 are in close contact to ensure effective contact between them. However, the actuating end of the second actuator 27 and the end plate 213 are not fixedly connected. At the same time, when the end plate 213 is adjusted slightly in the third direction, it will not exert a lateral force on the second actuator 27, ensuring the stability of the force on the second actuator 27 and preventing damage to the second actuator 27 due to lateral forces.

[0084] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the second actuator 27 includes a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders, which are spaced apart on the outer cylinder 2 along a first direction and operate synchronously. It should be understood that by providing a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders, when the first hydraulic cylinders are driven to operate synchronously, the corresponding first support component 21 can be moved as a whole in the second direction. This avoids different forces on different positions of the first support component 21 in the first direction, which would cause different forces on different positions of the telescopic component 3, affecting the stability of the telescopic component 3 and preventing stress concentration or jamming problems in the telescopic component 3.

[0085] Optionally, the second actuator 27 includes a cylinder body 271, a piston rod 273, an oil inlet 272, and a seal 274. Hydraulic oil flows into the cylinder body 271 from the oil inlet 272, driving the piston cylinder to move. The working end of the piston cylinder abuts against the end plate 213, driving the first support member 21 to move towards another support member.

[0086] like Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the telescopic arm also includes a dustproof component 28, which is disposed on the outer cylinder 2. The dustproof component 28 corresponds to the second support component to prevent dust from entering between the first support component 21 and the second support component, ensuring effective contact between the first support component 21 and the second support component, so that the friction between the two is stable during support and relative movement.

[0087] Optionally, the dustproof component 28 is a scraper used to clean dust from the third and fourth surfaces of the second support component.

[0088] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the upper part of the first inner cavity 24 has a first sliding surface 25, and the upper part of the telescopic component 3 has a second sliding surface 37. The first sliding surface 25 and the second sliding surface 37 abut against each other, which can ensure that the telescopic arm is more stable and reliable during the telescopic process. During the telescopic process of the telescopic component 3, the contact between the first sliding surface 25 and the second sliding surface 37 can play a guiding role and resist the overturning moment in a certain direction.

[0089] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the telescopic component 3 has a second inner cavity 35 for mounting the cutting actuator 6. The telescopic component 3 is provided with a first hole 36, and the outer cylinder 2 is provided with a second hole 261 and a third hole 262. The cable of the cutting actuator 6 is led out of the outer cylinder 2 through the third hole 262. The telescopic component 3 and the outer cylinder 2 have a first state. In the first state, the first hole 36 corresponds to the second hole 261 to perform maintenance on the equipment in the second inner cavity 35.

[0090] It should be understood that after the cable of the cutting driver 6 is led out of the telescopic component 3, it leads out of the outer cylinder 2 through the third hole 262. The first hole 36 is set in correspondence with the cutting driver 6. When the telescopic component 3 and the outer cylinder 2 are in the first state, the second hole 261 corresponds to the first hole 36. At this time, the equipment in the second inner cavity 35 of the telescopic component 3 can be inspected through the first hole 36 and the second hole 261.

[0091] Optionally, a cover plate is provided on the first hole 36, the second hole 261 and the third hole 262, or at least a cover plate is provided on the second hole 261 and the third hole 262.

[0092] Optionally, the cable leading out from the cable cavity 61 in the cutting drive 6 is led out through the cable chain 7. The first mounting seat 71 at one end of the cable chain 7 is provided on the telescopic member 3 on the side of the first hole 36, and the second mounting seat 72 at the other end of the cable chain 7 is provided on the outer cylinder 2 on the side of the third hole 262. After the cable of the cutting drive 6 is led out of the outer cylinder 2 through the cable chain 7, a cable fixing member 29 is provided on the outer cylinder 2. The cable fixing member 29 can prevent the cable from being scattered, so that the cable can be more neatly arranged. The cable is finally connected to the electrical control box of the tunneling machine.

[0093] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the first actuator 5 includes a second hydraulic cylinder, one end of which is hinged to the outer cylinder 2, and the other end of which is hinged to the telescopic component 3. The telescopic action of the second hydraulic cylinder can drive the telescopic component 3 to extend or retract relative to the outer cylinder 2.

[0094] Optionally, there are two sets of second hydraulic cylinders. An installation cavity is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the outer cylinder 2. The two sets of second hydraulic cylinders are arranged side by side in the installation cavity, and the two sets of second hydraulic cylinders operate synchronously.

[0095] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a telescopic cutting device includes a telescopic arm as described in any of the above embodiments, a cutting driver 6, and a cutting head 11. The cutting driver 6 is disposed in the second inner cavity 35 of the telescopic member 3. The cutting head 11 is located at the end of the telescopic member 3 and is connected to the cutting driver in a driving connection.

[0096] Specifically, the outer cylinder 2 of the telescopic boom is equipped with a main connecting lug 23. The cutting driver 6 is a cutting motor, which is installed in the second inner cavity 35 of the telescopic component 3. A reducer 13 is provided at the end of the telescopic component 3. One end of the housing of the reducer 13 is fixedly connected to the flange 32 at the end of the telescopic component 3, and the other end of the housing of the reducer 13 is connected to the cutting head 11 through the cantilever section 12. The cutting driver 6 is connected to the input shaft of the reducer 13 through a coupling, and the output shaft of the reducer 13 is connected to the cutting head 11 for transmission. During operation, the cutting driver 6 drives the reducer 13 to rotate, which in turn drives the cutting head 11 to rotate, thereby achieving the purpose of crushing coal and rock. The first driver 5 drives the telescopic component 3 to extend and retract relative to the outer cylinder 2, thereby achieving the extension and retraction of the telescopic cutting device.

[0097] According to the tunneling machine operation method of the present invention, the tunneling machine includes a telescopic cutting device as described in the above embodiments, and the tunneling machine has a first working condition and a second working condition during the tunneling construction process;

[0098] The tunneling machine operation method includes the following steps:

[0099] Under the first working condition, the first support component 21 is driven to abut against the second support component, so that the frictional force between the first support component 21 and the second support component is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, wherein the first threshold is less than the second threshold.

[0100] The telescopic component 3 extends or retracts relative to the outer cylinder 2;

[0101] In the second operating condition, the first support component 21 is driven to abut against the second support component, so that the frictional force between the first support component 21 and the second support component is greater than the third threshold, and the third threshold is greater than the second threshold. That is, the frictional force acting between the telescopic component 3 and the outer cylinder 2 is greater than the thrust of the first driver 5 on the telescopic component 3. In the second operating condition, the telescopic arm does not perform telescopic movement, while ensuring the stability between the telescopic component 3 and the outer cylinder 2.

[0102] Furthermore, in the first working condition, the tunneling machine is performing trenching or no-load telescopic operation. The first driver 5 overcomes the friction between the telescopic component 3 and the outer cylinder 2 to push the telescopic component 3 forward, which in turn pushes the cutting head 11 forward to cut or move. At this time, the reaction force borne by the telescopic arm is mainly in the front-back direction, and the overturning moment in the up-down and left-right directions is small, so the vibration is small. At this time, in order to ensure the telescopic stability, the second driver 27 needs to perform an extension action, so that the second support component on the telescopic component 3 fits with the corresponding first support component 21 and eliminates the gap.

[0103] The specific operating procedure is as follows:

[0104] Hydraulic oil with a lower pressure P1 is supplied through the second actuator 27 (clamping cylinder). The piston rod 273 of the second actuator 27 moves to the other side (right side in the figure). The piston rod 273 then pushes the first support member 21 on one side (left side in the figure), the telescopic member 3, and the first support member 21 on the other side (right side in the figure) against the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2, so that there is no gap between the two symmetrically arranged first support members 21 and the second support member on the telescopic member 3 in the middle. At the same time, the friction blocks installed on the first support members 21 and the friction blocks installed on the second support member on the telescopic member 3 form a friction pair with relative friction. Then, the first actuator 5 pushes the telescopic member 3 forward to complete the grooving or no-load movement of the cutting head 11. The hydraulic oil with a lower pressure P1 in this working condition is mainly to reduce the friction force between the mutually pressing friction pairs (i.e., the first support member 21 and the second support member) (the friction force is proportional to the normal force), so that the first actuator 5 (telescopic cylinder) can still provide sufficient grooving force while overcoming the friction force.

[0105] The second working condition is when the tunneling machine swings up and down and left and right to cut. The overturning moment in the up and down and left and right directions is relatively large, and the vibration is also relatively large. Under these conditions, telescopic movements can easily accelerate the wear or damage of the telescopic boom. Therefore, when the tunneling machine swings up and down and left and right to cut, it is necessary to ensure that the friction pairs in the telescopic boom are pressed against each other and cannot move, so as to reduce the impact of cutting vibration on the telescopic mechanism.

[0106] The specific operating procedure is as follows:

[0107] Hydraulic oil with a higher pressure P2 enters the second actuator 27 (left side in the figure) through the oil inlet 272 of the second actuator 27 (clamping cylinder). This pushes the piston rod 273 of the second actuator 27 to move to the other side (right side in the figure). The piston rod 273 then pushes the first support member 21 on one side (left side in the figure), the telescopic member 3, and the first support member 21 on the other side (right side in the figure) to press against the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2. This ensures that there is no gap between the two symmetrically arranged first support members 21 and the second support member on the telescopic member 3 in the middle, and they are pressed against each other with a higher pressure. This makes the thrust of the first actuator 5 (telescopic cylinder) less than the friction force between the friction pair (i.e., the first support member 21 and the second support member). Under this condition, the telescopic arm cannot extend or retract, effectively protecting the telescopic mechanism from damage.

[0108] The telescopic boom of this invention adopts a dovetail-like guide method. This guide method can not only constrain the telescopic direction, but also resist large cutting torque. Compared with the flat key anti-torsion method in related technologies, the dovetail-like anti-torsion capability is greater and is suitable for semi-coal and rock and rock tunnels. In related technologies, rectangular telescopic mechanisms require the addition of clamping cylinders in at least two directions. The overall volume of the telescopic mechanism is larger than that of the embodiment of this invention, which is not conducive to construction operations in small cross-section tunnels.

[0109] In this embodiment of the invention, the telescopic boom is equipped with a second driver 27 (clamping cylinder) on one side, so that there is no gap between the friction pairs when the telescopic mechanism is in motion, making the telescopic action or grooving operation more stable and reliable.

[0110] In the embodiments of the present invention, during the up-and-down and left-and-right swinging cutting process, the friction pair is clamped together by the action of the second driver 27 (clamping cylinder), and the telescopic component 3 and the outer cylinder 2 cannot move. This can greatly reduce the impact of cutting vibration on the telescopic mechanism and improve the reliability of the telescopic arm.

[0111] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0112] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0113] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0114] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0115] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0116] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A telescopic arm, characterized in that, include: An outer cylinder having a first inner cavity extending along a first direction; The first support component, and the two first support components are respectively disposed on two opposite inner walls of the outer cylinder; A telescopic component, wherein the telescopic component is disposed in the first inner cavity; The second support component is provided on two opposite side walls of the telescopic component. The first support component and the second support component are correspondingly fitted and abutted to support the telescopic component and restrict the rotation of the telescopic component. The second support component is movable along the first support component in the first direction so that the telescopic component is movable relative to the outer cylinder in the first direction. A first driver is disposed between the outer cylinder and the telescopic component, and the first driver is used to drive the telescopic component to move relative to the outer cylinder; A second actuator is connected to the outer cylinder, at least one of the two first support members is movable relative to the outer cylinder, and the second actuator is used to drive one of the two first support members to move closer to the other, or the second actuator is used to drive the two first support members to move closer to each other. The first support component has a first surface and a second surface, and there is a preset included angle α between the first surface and the second surface; The second support component has a third surface and a fourth surface, with a preset included angle β between the third surface and the fourth surface, and β=α. The third surface abuts against the first surface, and the fourth surface abuts against the second surface. The two first support components are arranged opposite each other along a second direction, which is parallel to the horizontal plane and the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction. The outer cylinder is provided with a connecting component, and both first support components are connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder through the connecting component. The connecting component has a limiting cavity, and the first support component has an end plate. The end plate is disposed in the limiting cavity, and the end plate of at least one of the two first support components is movable in the second direction. The connecting component includes a mounting platform, a baffle, and a pressure block. Two mounting platforms are disposed opposite each other on the inner wall of the outer cylinder along a third direction. Two baffles are disposed opposite each other on the outer cylinder along a first direction. A pressure block is provided on the mounting platform. The limiting cavity is formed between the mounting platform, the baffle, and the pressure block. The pressure block is used to limit the displacement of the end plate in the second direction. In at least one of the two connecting components, the width of the limiting cavity between the pressure block and the inner wall of the outer cylinder is greater than the width of the end plate in the second direction; Wherein, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are all orthogonal to each other; In at least one of the two connecting components, the inner width between the two mounting platforms is greater than the width of the end plate in the third direction, so that the corresponding first support component is movable within a preset threshold range along the third direction.

2. The telescopic arm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first support component is provided with a first friction block and a second friction block, the first surface is located on the first friction block, and the second surface is located on the second friction block; and / or The telescopic component has a groove, and the second support component includes a third friction block and a fourth friction block disposed in the groove, with the third surface located on the third friction block and the fourth surface located on the fourth friction block.

3. The telescopic arm according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the two baffles is detachably connected to the outer cylinder; and / or The actuating end of the second driver abuts against the end plate of the corresponding first support component; and / or The second actuator includes a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders, which are spaced apart along a first direction on the outer cylinder and operate synchronously; and / or It also includes a dustproof component, which is disposed on the outer cylinder and corresponds to the second support component to prevent dust from entering between the first support component and the second support component.

4. The telescopic arm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the first inner cavity has a first sliding surface, and the upper part of the telescopic component has a second sliding surface, the first sliding surface and the second sliding surface abutting each other; and / or The telescopic component has a second inner cavity for mounting a cutting actuator. The telescopic component has a first hole, and the outer cylinder has a second hole and a third hole. The cable of the cutting actuator is led out of the outer cylinder through the third hole. The telescopic component and the outer cylinder are in a first state, in which the first hole corresponds to the second hole to allow for maintenance of the equipment in the second inner cavity; and / or The first actuator includes a second hydraulic cylinder, one end of which is hinged to the outer cylinder, and the other end of which is hinged to the telescopic component.

5. A telescopic cutting device, characterized in that, include: The telescopic arm as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; A cutting actuator, wherein the cutting actuator is disposed in the second inner cavity of the telescopic member; A cutting head is located at the end of the telescopic component and is drively connected to the cutting driver.

6. A method for operating a tunneling machine, characterized in that, The tunneling machine includes the telescopic cutting device as described in claim 5, and the tunneling machine has a first working condition and a second working condition during the tunneling construction process; The tunneling machine operation method includes the following steps: Under the first operating condition, the first support component is driven to abut against the second support component, so that the frictional force between the first support component and the second support component is greater than a first threshold and less than a second threshold, wherein the first threshold is less than the second threshold. Drive the telescopic component to extend or retract relative to the outer cylinder; Under the second operating condition, the first support component is driven to abut against the second support component, so that the frictional force between the first support component and the second support component is greater than a third threshold, wherein the third threshold is greater than the second threshold.

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