A shield segment advance quantity monitoring system and an automatic adjusting device thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an automatic adjusting device, which comprises a shell provided with a containing cavity, and a regulating plate arranged at the top of the shell and connected with the shell through an adjusting mechanism; the adjusting mechanism comprises a motor, an adjusting screw rod and a supporting rod, the motor drives the adjusting screw rod to rotate forward or reversely; the bottom of the regulating plate is provided with a mounting seat, and the supporting rod is connected with the mounting seat; the adjusting screw rod is provided with an adjusting seat with internal threads, and the adjusting seat is used in cooperation with the adjusting screw rod; the adjusting seat is provided with a mounting table, the mounting table is provided with a mounting seat, and the other end of the supporting rod is connected with the mounting seat. The application further discloses a shield segment advanced quantity monitoring system based on the automatic adjusting device. The application is provided with a novel motor leveling structure, and the stable lifting of the adjusting seat can be realized through motor leveling. A three-dimensional laser scanner realizes 360° scanning of a segment ring, and an integrated monitor outputs advanced quantity images at all places, which are used for making wedges and specific pasting schemes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel monitoring technology, specifically an automatic adjustment device and a shield tunnel segment advance monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel construction using the shield tunneling method relies on a shield tunneling machine to excavate, remove soil, perform grouting, and assemble tunnel segments. Since the designed axis of these tunnels is often curved, the shield tunneling machine needs to adjust its posture during excavation to fit the designed axis. Similarly, tunnels assembled from tunnel segments also require the segments themselves to synchronously fit the designed axis; therefore, tunnel segments with a wedge-shaped profile are widely used.

[0003] Since the tunnel segments have a fixed wedge-shaped advance amount after production, changes in the tunnel boring machine's (TBM) attitude during actual construction necessitate attaching wedges to the finished segments to achieve additional advance amount for alignment. Furthermore, if the route is about to ascend, descend, or turn left or right, the segment advance amount must be adjusted in advance. Currently, most construction sites use a plumb bob to suspend the segment advance amount and measure the distance between the hammer tip and the landing block using a measuring tape. While this method is simple in principle, it requires frequent measurements of the advance amount for each ring of segments during curved tunneling. This necessitates comparing the actual advance amount with the design advance amount and designing a wedge placement scheme. This method cannot measure the advance amount at any point within a ring, cannot provide a more accurate advance amount improvement plan, and its measurement efficiency needs improvement. Overall, the plumb bob measurement method is no longer sufficient to meet the requirements of construction surveying.

[0004] Patent publication number CN112081595A discloses a shield tunneling construction method that allows for timely adjustment of the segment assembly posture based on elevation and plane measurement reports and segment gaps, outlining key control points for segment assembly. During construction, if the segment overshoot exceeds the control limit, it is corrected by adjusting the segment assembly angle, thereby ensuring the segment circumference is perpendicular to the tunnel's design axis. While this method is effective to some extent, it does not provide a method for measuring the overshoot, and it likely employs traditional measurement methods, which also suffer from the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a shield tunnel segment advance measurement monitoring system that can improve the efficiency of advance measurement. In addition, considering the leveling problem of the level instrument, an automatic adjustment device is designed to realize the leveling of the level instrument.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: The first aspect of the present invention provides an automatic adjustment device, including a housing having a receiving cavity, an adjustment plate being provided on the top of the housing, and the adjustment plate being connected to the housing via an adjustment mechanism; The adjustment mechanism includes a motor, an adjustment screw, and a support rod. The motor drives the adjustment screw to rotate forward or in reverse. The bottom of the adjusting plate is equipped with a mounting base, and the support rods are connected to the mounting base; at least three support rods are provided at the bottom of the adjusting plate. The adjusting screw is equipped with an adjusting seat with internal threads, which is used in conjunction with the adjusting screw. The adjustment seat is equipped with a mounting platform, and the mounting platform is equipped with a mounting base. The other end of the support rod is connected to the mounting base. The adjustment screw rotates forward or backward, causing the adjustment seat to move up and down.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the main body of the shell is a cylinder, and a circular groove is opened on the cylinder to form an accommodating cavity; The motor is located at the bottom center of the housing.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the adjusting seat is a cylinder with internal threads in the middle; An installation platform is provided around the adjustment base. At least three connection points are evenly arranged on the installation platform in a circumferential direction, and installation seats are installed on the connection points. The number of installation seats on the installation platform is the same as the number of installation seats on the bottom of the adjustment plate.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the adjusting plate is circular, and when the adjusting plate is adjusted to the lowest position, it can contact the top of the housing; after the adjusting plate is in close contact with the housing, it can seal the accommodating cavity.

[0010] A second aspect of the present invention provides a shield tunnel segment advance monitoring system, comprising: A 3D laser scanner, mounted on an integrated monitor, enables 360° circumferential scanning of the tube and transmits the images to the integrated monitor. The integrated monitor includes a level, a display, and a keypad. The display shows images or data, including images transmitted by a 3D laser scanner. The keypad is used to input information, including the design lead of the segment ring. The wireless transmission module, installed on the integrated monitor, is used to wirelessly transmit information from the integrated monitor to the ground control console. An automatic adjustment device is used to level the level of the integrated monitor; the level is horizontally mounted on the base plate of the integrated monitor, and the top plate of the integrated monitor is parallel to the base plate; a spirit level is installed on the top plate of the integrated monitor. The integrated monitor base plate is connected to the automatic adjustment device adjustment plate, and at least two sets of automatic adjustment devices are installed under the integrated monitor base plate.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, it also includes support adjustment columns and a base; an automatic adjustment device is installed on the base, and at least three support adjustment columns are installed under the base; The support adjustment column includes a mounting column, a connecting column, and a support column; the mounting column and the connecting column are fixed, and the support column and the connecting column are slidably connected. An adjuster is provided on the mounting post. The adjuster includes a fine-tuning knob, a connecting rod, a drive bevel gear, and an adjusting bevel gear. One end of the connecting rod extends out of the mounting post and is connected to the fine-tuning knob. The other end of the connecting rod is fixed to the drive bevel gear. An adjusting rod is installed inside the support column. One end of the adjusting rod is equipped with an adjusting bevel gear, which drives the bevel gear to mesh with the adjusting bevel gear. The other end of the adjusting rod is equipped with an external thread. An adjusting block is installed inside the support column, and the adjusting block is equipped with an internal thread that mates with the external thread of the adjusting rod.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, a forward switch for controlling the forward rotation of the motor and a reverse switch for controlling the reverse rotation of the motor are also provided on the base next to the automatic adjustment device.

[0013] As a preferred method, the mounting column is hinged to the base.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, a connecting plate is installed inside the connecting column, and a bearing is fitted onto the middle section of the adjusting rod, with the outer ring of the bearing fixed to the connecting plate.

[0015] As a preferred method, the cross-section of the mounting column, connecting column, and support column is U-shaped, and the length of the connecting column inserted into the support column is between 10-30cm.

[0016] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention addresses the leveling issues of traditional levels by incorporating a novel motor-driven leveling structure. This motor-driven leveling allows for the smooth raising and lowering of the adjusting base, thereby enabling the smooth raising and lowering of objects connected to the support rod. Furthermore, the motor-driven connection allows for operation in confined spaces, making it more convenient to use.

[0017] The automatic adjustment device of this invention is used to level the leveling instrument of an integrated monitor. The leveling instrument is horizontally mounted on the base plate of the integrated monitor, and the top plate of the integrated monitor is parallel to the base plate. A circular level is installed on the top plate of the integrated monitor, and the leveling instrument is adjusted by observing the level. This invention achieves instrument leveling measurement through the leveling instrument, ensuring data accuracy. Then, a three-dimensional laser scanner scans the data of the tunnel segment ring. This data can be used to obtain the shield tunnel segment advance, and technicians can use this advance to obtain the corresponding wedge dimensions. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The invention will now be described in more detail using exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which different features of the exemplary embodiments may be combined with each other as needed, based on the above description. In particular, if the effect of an individual feature is necessary for a particular application, these features may be added to existing embodiments based on the above description. Conversely, if the technical effect of an individual feature is not important for a particular application, these features may be omitted from existing embodiments. Similar, identical, and functionally identical elements in the drawings are given the same reference numerals within the appropriate scope.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention in use; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention from another side; Figure 4 This is a rear-view diagram of the integrated monitoring device. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the automatic adjustment device installation; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic adjustment device. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the automatic adjustment device; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the regulator; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the tail column installation; In the diagram, 1-Integrated monitor, 2-3D laser scanner, 3-Base, 4-Support adjustment column, 5-Adjusting foot screw, 6-Circular level, 7-Display, 8-Button function area, 9-Fine adjustment knob, 10-Automatic adjustment device, 11-Switch, 12-Tube segment, 101-Adjusting plate, 102-Adjusting screw, 103-Mounting base, 104-Support rod, 105-Adjusting base, 106-Housing, 107-Motor, 108-Mounting platform, 41-Mounting column, 42-Connecting column, 43-Support column, 44-Adjusting block, 45-Connecting plate, 46-Bearing, 47-Drive bevel gear, 48-Adjusting rod, 49-Adjusting bevel gear, 411-Adjusting bolt, 412-Adjusting groove, 413-Tail column, 414-Support foot. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

[0021] In the following description, different embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific forms disclosed herein, but rather should be interpreted as covering various changes, equivalents, and / or substitutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure. In describing the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used to indicate similar constituent elements.

[0022] In this disclosure, the expression “A or B”, “at least one of A and / or B”, or “one or more of A and / or B” may include all possible combinations of the listed items. For example, the expression “A or B”, “at least one of A and B”, or “at least one of A or B” refers to all of the following: (1) including at least one A, (2) including at least one B, or (3) including both at least one A and at least one B.

[0023] The expressions used in the different embodiments of this disclosure, such as "first," "second," "the first," or "the second," may modify different elements regardless of their order and / or importance, and do not limit the corresponding elements. For example, a first user device and a second user device refer to different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element, without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0024] It will be understood that when an element (e.g., the first element) is referred to as being (operationally or communicatively) "connected to" or "coupled to" another element (e.g., the second element), that element may be directly connected to or coupled to the other element, or any other element (e.g., the third element) may be inserted between them. Conversely, when an element (e.g., the first element) is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another element (the second element), no element (e.g., the third element) is inserted between them.

[0025] In this disclosure, terminology is used to describe particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the disclosure. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should be understood in the specification that the terms “comprising” or “having” indicate the presence of a feature, number, step, operation, structural element, component, or combination thereof, without precluding the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, structural elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0026] It should be understood that specific details are provided in the following description to facilitate a complete understanding of the exemplary embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary embodiments can be implemented without these specific details. For example, the system may be shown in block diagrams to avoid obscuring the example with unnecessary details. In other instances, well-known processes, structures, and techniques may be omitted with non-essential details to avoid obscuring the example.

[0027] Example 1 like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, an automatic adjustment device 10 includes a housing 106 with a receiving cavity, an adjustment plate 101 is provided on the top of the housing 106, and the adjustment plate 101 is connected to the housing 106 through an adjustment mechanism. The adjustment mechanism includes a motor 107, an adjustment screw 102, and a support rod 104. The motor 107 drives the adjustment screw 102 to rotate forward or in reverse. The bottom of the adjusting plate 101 is provided with a mounting base 103, and the support rod 104 is connected to the mounting base 103; at least three support rods 104 are provided at the bottom of the adjusting plate 101. The adjusting screw 102 is provided with an adjusting seat 105 with internal threads, and the adjusting seat 105 is used in conjunction with the adjusting screw 102; An adjustment seat 105 is provided with a mounting platform 108, and a mounting base 103 is provided on the mounting platform 108. The other end of the support rod 104 is connected to the mounting base 103. The forward or reverse rotation of the adjusting screw 102 will cause the adjusting seat 105 to move up and down.

[0028] This device enables the smooth lifting and lowering of the adjusting seat 105, thereby allowing the smooth lifting and lowering of the object connected to the support rod 104. Furthermore, the use of a motor 107 allows it to operate in confined spaces, making it convenient to use.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the main body of the housing 106 is a cylinder, and a circular groove is opened on the cylinder to form an accommodating cavity; The motor 107 is located at the bottom center of the housing 106, which makes the center of gravity more balanced and facilitates the installation of the adjustment plate 101.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the adjusting seat 105 is a cylinder with internal threads in the middle; A mounting platform 108 is provided around the adjusting base 105. The mounting platform 108 has at least three connection points evenly distributed along its circumference, and mounting seats 103 are installed at each connection point. The number of mounting seats 103 on the mounting platform 108 is the same as the number of mounting seats 103 at the bottom of the adjusting plate 101. Using a cylindrical shape provides better balance and ensures smooth lifting during movement. Furthermore, the mounting platform 108 around the cylinder facilitates the installation of the entire structure.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the adjusting plate 101 has a circular cross-section, and when the adjusting plate 101 is adjusted to its lowest position, it can contact the top of the housing 106; after the adjusting plate 101 is in close contact with the housing 106, it can seal the accommodating cavity. This function is mainly used to prevent some impurities from falling into the accommodating cavity and affecting the use of the device when the device is not working.

[0032] In one embodiment, a shield tunnel segment 12 advance monitoring system is provided, such as... Figure 2 The image shows the operational status of a shield tunnel segment 12 advance monitoring system. The system includes: A 3D laser scanner 2 (a common portable 3D laser scanner 2) is mounted on the integrated monitor 1 to perform a 360° circumferential scan of the tube 12 and transmit the image to the integrated monitor 1. The integrated monitor 1 includes a level, a display 7, and a button function area 8. A portable 3D laser scanner 2 is installed on the front of the integrated monitor 1, and the display 7, button function area 8, and data transmission port are arranged on the rear. The display 7 is used to display images or data information, including images transmitted by the 3D laser scanner 2, the current tunnel design axis, the wedge design layout diagram, the design advance of the segment 12, and the actual advance. The button function area 8 is used to input information, including the design advance of the specified segment 12 ring, the current shield machine attitude, and the actual distance between the initial monitoring point and the edge of the segment 12. The integrated monitor 1 controls and receives the operation and data from the 3D laser scanner 2. The display 7 on the rear of the integrated monitor 1 is touch-screen compliant (i.e., the display 7 is a touchscreen). During imaging, it can zoom in (to display a 3D or 2D unfolded image of the current tunnel segment ring, where the red area represents the lead-ahead area for easy viewing; it can also display data images, i.e., lead-ahead values ​​in polar coordinates) to select the initial monitoring point. After determining the initial monitoring point, the integrated monitor 1 inputs the tunnel design axis, design lead-ahead, and tunnel boring machine attitude information before starting monitoring. After setting the initial monitoring point, tunnel design axis, design lead-ahead, and tunnel segment 12 attitude information, the 3D laser scanner 2 begins scanning. The integrated monitor 1 can generate real-time lead-ahead type and lead-ahead amount for the tunnel segment 12 on the rear display 7, and visualize the lead-ahead amount at various points around the corresponding tunnel segment 12 ring.

[0033] The wireless transmission module, installed on the integrated monitor 1, is used to wirelessly transmit information from the integrated monitor 1 to the ground control console. The ground control console, based on the information transmitted back by the integrated monitor 1, including the advance measurement of the segment ring, the provided wedge size and preliminary plan for the pasting position, transmits this information to the technicians for review and confirmation of the wedge size and pasting position. Then, it provides the wedge manufacturing size information to complete the wedge manufacturing and pasting plan, greatly improving work efficiency.

[0034] Automatic adjustment device 10 is used to level the level of the integrated monitor 1; the level is horizontally installed on the base plate of the integrated monitor 1, and the top plate of the integrated monitor 1 is parallel to the base plate of the integrated monitor 1; a circular level 6 is installed on the top plate of the integrated monitor 1, and the level of the level is adjusted by observing the level. The integrated monitor 1 base plate is connected to the adjustment plate 101 of the automatic adjustment device 10, and at least two sets of automatic adjustment devices 10 are installed under the integrated monitor 1 base plate. The integrated monitor 1 displays and processes images transmitted from the portable three-dimensional laser scanner 2 on the front side in real time. The initial image transmitted by the three-dimensional laser scanner 2 is a three-dimensional image, which is then unfolded in two dimensions starting from the origin of the y-value to obtain a two-dimensional image.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, the system also includes a support adjustment column 4 and a base 3; an automatic adjustment device 10 is installed on the base 3, and at least three support adjustment columns 4 are installed under the base 3. This invention uses a 3D laser scanner to achieve 360° scanning of the tube ring. An integrated monitor 1 outputs leading images of each location. The integrated monitor 1 has a display 7, a button function area 8, and a data transmission port on its rear side.

[0036] The integrated monitor 1 of this invention also includes an integrated monitoring system. This system receives and converts data from the 3D laser scanner 2, unfolding it into a two-dimensional image, i.e., converting the 3D tunnel segment ring into a two-dimensional rectangular graphic. Each point on the two-dimensional image is then assigned xyz data, where x represents the tunnel axis direction, y represents the circumferential direction of the tunnel segment 12, and z represents the distance from the lens of the 3D laser scanner. During installation, the instrument is placed at the front edge of the tunnel segment 12. By adjusting the scanning origin (y-origin being the direction of gravity), the instrument is leveled, and the 3D laser scanner 2 is rotated to ensure the lens is aligned with the y-origin. After determining the y-origin, the lens of the 3D laser scanner 2 does not rotate. The integrated monitor 1 controls the 3D laser scanner 2 to extend or retract a short distance to a position where it can scan the end face of the tunnel segment 12. This initial instrument state setting is completed when the center point on the screen (display 7) of the integrated monitor 1 is aligned with the inner diameter end face of the tunnel segment 12. At this point, the xy coordinates are the initial coordinates.

[0037] During operation, the 3D laser scanner 2 rotates 360° to scan. During the scan, it identifies and extends its length to align the center point with the inner diameter end face of the tunnel segment 12. Extension (x) is positive, and shortening (x) is negative. The initial lens of the 3D laser scanner 12 is vertically downward, and the y-value increases as the device rotates. When scanning the outer diameter data, the same steps are repeated starting from the determined y-origin. The difference is that when the 3D laser scanner 2 scans the end face of the tunnel segment 12, it cannot completely scan the outer diameter data. For example, when the tunnel slopes downwards, the tunnel segment 12 is tilted downwards, and only about half a circle will have outer diameter data. In this case, the device returns to the xy-origin corresponding to the inner diameter scan and begins to rotate and scan, analyzing the returned model data. When a sudden increase in the model's z-value is detected, it indicates the appearance of the outer diameter end face. The 3D laser scanner 2 is then controlled to extend and align with the outer end face for data acquisition. Specifically, the z-value is compared under the same y-value; the change in z-value represents the tunnel segment thickness, and the larger z-value represents the outer diameter data. The two-dimensional coordinate data mainly includes the x, y, and z values ​​of the inner and outer diameters of segment 12. The z value is only used to distinguish between the inner and outer diameters. After obtaining the coordinate data, there may be cases where two data points have the same y value, meaning that both the inner and outer end faces are visible at the same time. In this case, the inner and outer diameter data are distinguished by the z value. That is, when the y values ​​are the same, the one with the smaller z value is the inner diameter data. Subtracting the inner diameter x from the outer diameter x under the same y value gives the lead amount Δx at the current point. At the same time, there may only be inner diameter data under the same y value. After the scan is completed, the minimum x value (a negative number is the minimum) is searched. The absolute value of the minimum x value is added to the x value of each point to make the minimum value 0. Finally, all Δx values ​​are calculated. Then, by monitoring the shield machine's attitude through other equipment (e.g., if the shield machine's attitude is abnormal, wedges can be added to adjust the shield machine's attitude), the tunnel axis situation (if there is an error after the previous ring of segment 12 is assembled, it needs to be corrected in this ring, but the wedge size of the correction ring cannot meet the requirements, wedges can be added to adjust the attitude of segment 12; or if the turning alarm is too small or the slope is too large, wedges need to be added to adjust the attitude of segment 12), and combined with the current advance amount of segment 12 ring, it is calculated that wedges of the corresponding size should be placed at the corresponding points. The wedge size data and the data of the placement points can be displayed on the monitor 7.

[0038] The application of the automatic adjustment device 10 can improve monitoring accuracy and efficiency. The integrated monitor 1 can output data images of the lead-out amount of each ring of pipe segments 12. The displayed data images are in polar coordinates, with the calculated Δx corresponding to r and y corresponding to θ, making them easy to view. The images are either three-dimensional or two-dimensional images of the 12-ring pipe segments, clearly showing the lead-out status of each point. The lead-out portion is highlighted in red. The ground control console can provide information on whether to attach wedges to the next ring of pipe segments 12 and the specific attachment plan.

[0039] The support adjustment column 4 includes a mounting column 41, a connecting column 42, and a support column 43; the mounting column 41 is fixed to the connecting column 42, and the support column 43 is slidably connected to the connecting column 42. An adjuster is provided on the mounting post 41. The adjuster includes a fine-tuning knob 9, a connecting rod, a drive bevel gear 47, and an adjusting bevel gear 49. One end of the connecting rod extends out of the mounting post 41 and is connected to the fine-tuning knob 9. The other end of the connecting rod is fixed to the drive bevel gear 47. An adjusting rod 48 is provided inside the supporting adjusting column 4. One end of the adjusting rod 48 is provided with an adjusting bevel gear 49, which drives the bevel gear 47 to mesh with the adjusting bevel gear 49. The other end of the adjusting rod 48 is provided with an external thread. An adjusting block 44 is provided inside the supporting column 43. The adjusting block 44 is provided with an internal thread that mates with the external thread of the adjusting rod 48.

[0040] In this embodiment, the sliding engagement of the connecting column 42 and the support column 43, combined with the adjustment function of the fine-tuning knob 9, allows the support column 43 to retract and extend. This enables adjustment of the overall unit length composed of the connecting column 42 and the support column 43, achieving fine-tuning of the length. This is beneficial for leveling the level instrument and is referred to as secondary leveling. Secondary leveling reduces the frequency of adjusting the combined length of the support column 43 and the tail column 413 (described later) to control the instrument's level.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a forward switch 11 for controlling the forward rotation of the motor 107 and a reverse switch 11 for controlling the reverse rotation of the motor 107 are also provided on the base 3 next to the automatic adjustment device 10. One pair of forward and reverse switches 11 are provided for each motor 107 for easy control. Figure 5 As shown, three sets of automatic adjustment devices 10 are evenly arranged on the base 3, which facilitates the leveling of the level instrument by adjusting different automatic adjustment devices 10. This is called the first-level leveling of the level instrument.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the mounting column 41 is hinged to the base 3, allowing for adjustment of the unfolding angle of the mounting column 41 and enhancing its adaptability. When not in use, multiple mounting columns 41 can be folded together for easy storage and transportation.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, a connecting plate 45 is provided inside the connecting column 42, and a bearing 46 is fitted onto the middle section of the adjusting rod 48. The outer ring of the bearing 46 is fixed to the connecting plate 45. The bearing 46 assists in rotation, making the entire rotation process more stable. Moreover, the bearing 46 can also act as a limit to prevent the adjusting rod 48 from shaking. This embodiment does not limit the number of bearings 46; the construction party can set them according to the site conditions or the length of the device.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the mounting column 41, connecting column 42, and support column 43 have a U-shaped cross-section, with the connecting column 42 inserted into the support column 43 by a length between 10 and 30 cm. This U-shaped design prevents relative rotation between the mounting column 41, connecting column 42, and support column 43, making the entire device more reliable and easier to adjust. Furthermore, inserting the connecting column 42 into the support column 43 by at least 10 cm ensures the stability of the connection between them; the insertion length not exceeding 30 cm is a cost-effective measure.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, the present invention also provides a coarse adjustment structure (i.e., three-level leveling), including a tail post 413 and a support foot 414. The end of the support foot 414 is a pointed part, and the tail post 413 can be integrally formed with the support foot 414.

[0046] The tail column 413 is provided with an adjustment groove 412, which includes several arc-shaped segments. Opposite arc-shaped segments form a through hole through which an adjustment bolt 411 can pass. A connection hole is provided at the bottom of the support column 43. After the tail column 413 is inserted into the bottom of the support column 43, the relative position of the tail column 413 and the support column 43 is adjusted by the adjustment bolt 411, thereby adjusting the combined length of the tail column 413 and the support column 43. At least five arc-shaped segments are provided on one side of the adjustment groove 412 to provide sufficient adjustment space.

[0047] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention. The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A shield tunnel segment advance monitoring system, characterized in that, include: A 3D laser scanner, mounted on an integrated monitor, is used to perform 360° circumferential scanning of the tube and transmit the imaging data to the integrated monitor. An integrated monitor includes a level, a display, and a button area; the display is used to show images or data information; the button area is used to input information. A wireless transmission module, installed on the integrated monitor, is used to wirelessly transmit information from the integrated monitor to the ground control console. And an automatic adjustment device for leveling the level; The level is horizontally mounted on the base plate of the integrated monitor, the top plate of the integrated monitor is parallel to the base plate, and a level is provided on the top plate; the base plate of the integrated monitor is connected to the adjustment plate of the automatic adjustment device, and at least two sets of the automatic adjustment device are provided under the base plate of the integrated monitor. The automatic adjustment device includes: A housing having a receiving cavity; An adjustment plate is located at the top of the housing; An adjustment mechanism is provided, connecting the adjustment plate to the housing. The adjustment mechanism includes a motor, an adjustment screw, and a support rod. The motor drives the adjustment screw to rotate forward or in reverse. The bottom of the adjusting plate is provided with a mounting base, one end of the support rod is connected to the mounting base, and at least three support rods are provided at the bottom of the adjusting plate; The adjusting screw is provided with an adjusting seat, and the adjusting seat has an internal thread that is threaded with the adjusting screw. The adjusting seat is provided with a mounting platform, and the mounting platform is provided with a mounting seat. The other end of the support rod is connected to the mounting seat on the mounting platform. The adjusting screw rotates forward or backward to drive the adjusting seat to rise and fall, and the adjusting plate is raised and lowered smoothly by the support rod. It also includes support adjustment columns and a base; the automatic adjustment device is provided on the base, and at least three support adjustment columns are provided under the base.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body of the housing is a cylinder, and a circular groove is opened in the upper part of the cylinder to form the receiving cavity; the motor is located at the middle position of the bottom of the housing.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjusting seat is a cylinder with an internal thread in the middle; the adjusting seat is surrounded by a mounting platform, and the mounting platform is evenly provided with at least three connection points in a circumferential direction, and the mounting seat is provided on the connection points; the number of mounting seats on the mounting platform is the same as the number of mounting seats at the bottom of the adjusting plate.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjusting plate has a circular cross-section. When the adjusting plate is in its lowest position, it contacts the top of the housing and seals the accommodating cavity.

5. The system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It also includes a coarse adjustment structure, which includes a tail post and a support foot, the end of which is a pointed part; the tail post is provided with an adjustment groove, which includes several arc-shaped segments, and opposite arc-shaped segments form through holes; the tail post is inserted into the bottom of the support post, and the relative position of the tail post and the support post is adjusted by adjusting bolts passing through the through holes; at least five arc-shaped segments are provided on one side of the adjustment groove.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support adjustment column includes a mounting column, a connecting column, and a support column; the mounting column and the connecting column are fixed, and the support column and the connecting column are slidably connected. An adjuster is provided on the mounting post. The adjuster includes a fine-tuning knob, a connecting rod, a drive bevel gear, and an adjusting bevel gear. One end of the connecting rod extends out of the mounting post and is connected to the fine-tuning knob. The other end of the connecting rod is fixed to the drive bevel gear. An adjusting rod is installed inside the support column. One end of the adjusting rod is equipped with an adjusting bevel gear, which drives the bevel gear to mesh with the adjusting bevel gear. The other end of the adjusting rod is equipped with an external thread. An adjusting block is installed inside the support column, and the adjusting block is equipped with an internal thread that mates with the external thread of the adjusting rod.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The base is equipped with a forward switch to control the motor's forward rotation and a reverse switch to control the motor's reverse rotation, located next to the automatic adjustment device.

8. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mounting column is hinged to the base.

9. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that: A connecting plate is installed inside the connecting column, and a bearing is fitted onto the middle section of the adjusting rod, with the outer ring of the bearing fixed to the connecting plate.

10. The system according to any one of claims 8-9, characterized in that: The cross-sections of the mounting columns, connecting columns, and support columns are U-shaped, and the length of the connecting column inserted into the support column is between 10-30cm.

11. The monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The images or data information displayed on the monitor include: the images transmitted by the three-dimensional laser scanner, the current tunnel design axis, the wedge design layout diagram, the segment design advance, and the actual advance; the information input in the button function area includes: the design advance of the specified segment ring, the current shield machine attitude, and the actual distance information between the initial monitoring point and the edge of the segment.

12. A method for detecting the advance amount of tunnel lining segments and arranging wedges based on laser scanning, the method being applied to the system described in any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The system receives and converts the data from the three-dimensional laser scanner, unfolds it into a two-dimensional image, that is, the three-dimensional tube ring is converted into a two-dimensional rectangular graphic, and then each point on the two-dimensional image is assigned xyz data, where x is the direction of the tunnel axis, y is the direction of the tube ring, and z is the distance from the lens of the three-dimensional laser scanner. When installing the instrument, it is placed at the front edge of the tube. By adjusting the scanning origin, the y origin is the direction of gravity. After leveling the instrument, the three-dimensional laser scanner is controlled to rotate to determine that the lens is aligned with the y origin. After determining the y origin, the lens of the three-dimensional laser scanner does not rotate. The three-dimensional laser scanner is controlled by the integrated monitor to extend and retract a small distance to a position where the end face of the tube can be scanned. That is, the center point on the integrated monitor display (7) is aligned with the inner diameter end face of the tube, and the initial state setting of the instrument is completed. At this time, the xy coordinates are the initial coordinates. Includes the following steps: During operation, the 3D laser scanner rotates 360° to scan. During the scan, it identifies and extends / retracts its length to align the center point with the inner diameter end face of the tunnel segment. Extension (x) is positive, and contraction (x) is negative. The initial lens of the 3D laser scanner points vertically downwards, and the y-value increases as the device rotates. When scanning the outer diameter data, the same steps are repeated starting from the determined y-origin. The difference is that when the 3D laser scanner scans the tunnel segment end face, it cannot completely scan the outer diameter data. When the tunnel slopes downwards, the tunnel segment ring is tilted downwards, and only about half a ring will have outer diameter data. At this time, the device returns to the xy-origin corresponding to the inner diameter scan and begins to rotate and scan, analyzing the returned model data. When a sudden increase in the model's z-value is detected, it indicates the appearance of the outer diameter end face. The 3D laser scanner is then controlled to extend and align with the outer end face for data acquisition. Specifically, the difference is determined by comparing the z-values ​​under the same y-value; the change in z-value represents the tunnel segment thickness. The larger z-value represents the outer diameter data. The two-dimensional coordinate data mainly includes the xyz values ​​of the inner and outer diameters of the tunnel segment. The z-value is only used to distinguish between the inner and outer diameters. After obtaining the coordinate data, there may be two data points with the same y-value, that is, both the inner and outer end faces are visible at the same time. In this case, the inner and outer diameter data are distinguished by the z-value. That is, when the y values ​​are the same, the smaller z-value represents the inner diameter data. Subtracting the inner diameter x from the outer diameter x under the same y-value will give the advance amount △x at the current point. At the same time, there may only be inner diameter data under the same y-value. After the scan is completed, the minimum x-value is searched. The negative number is the minimum. The absolute value of the minimum x-value is added to the x-value of each point to make the minimum value 0. Finally, all △x are calculated. Then, the shield machine attitude monitored by other equipment is used to calculate the wedges of the corresponding size to be placed at the corresponding points in combination with the current tunnel segment ring advance amount. The wedge size data and the placement point data can be displayed on the monitor.

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