A fertilization method for thunbergia praecox forest based on humic acid water-soluble fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a fertilizing method for a praecox forest using a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution; retaining new bamboos before fertilizing, and controlling the density and age ratio of the standing bamboos; adopting a square ditch fertilizing method to fertilize, and opening square fertilizing ditches; fertilizing for the first time in late April, with the fertilizer ratio of 1:1 for one-year-old bamboos to 2-year-old bamboos, and the fertilizer ratio of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer to urea for preparing the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution being 2:15; fertilizing for the second time in late July, with the fertilizer ratio of 1:2 for one-year-old bamboos to 2-year-old bamboos, and the fertilizer ratio of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer to compound fertilizer for preparing the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution being 1:3; fertilizing for the third time in late October, with the fertilizer ratio of 1:2 for one-year-old bamboos to 2-year-old bamboos, and the fertilizer ratio of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer to compound fertilizer for preparing the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution being 2:15, and after fertilizing, cultivating and covering the soil, and performing water management. The invention can reduce the application amount of compound fertilizer in the thunbergia praecox forest, increase the yield and quality of bamboo shoots, and improve the soil ecological environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical fields of bamboo forest cultivation, fertilizer preparation and bamboo shoot processing, and particularly relates to a fertilizing method for a thunbergii bamboo forest based on humic acid water-soluble fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] Phyllostachys praecox, a premium bamboo species for bamboo shoots in my country, boasts early shoot production, a long shoot season, high yield, and excellent quality. It is widely cultivated in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, and other regions of my country, and holds significant economic value. However, the shoot production period of Phyllostachys praecox overlaps with that of other shoot-producing bamboos, such as Moso bamboo, resulting in low prices during normal production periods. To improve the profitability of Phyllostachys praecox forests, bamboo farmers have introduced mulching and warming techniques and increased chemical fertilizer inputs, significantly increasing shoot yields and bringing shoot production earlier, boosting prices and thus increasing the per-acre value of bamboo shoots. However, due to the current incomplete cultivation techniques for Phyllostachys praecox forests, the reckless pursuit of early production and high yields has led to serious ecological problems. First, while long-term mulching and warming significantly advances the shoot season and increases shoot yields, the accumulation and fermentation of mulch materials such as rice husks and straw produces large amounts of phenolic acids, which contribute to soil acidification, disrupts the soil microbial community structure, and reduces soil enzyme activity, among other ecological issues in bamboo forests. Soil acidification also significantly increases the content of tannins and acidic substances in bamboo shoots, reducing their taste and quality. Secondly, due to the lack of scientific precision fertilization techniques, excessive application of chemical fertilizers has also led to a serious decline in site productivity, soil salinity accumulation, severe organic matter mineralization, reduced trace element availability, water pollution, and air pollution, resulting in serious food safety issues and directly affecting the sustainable development of Lei bamboo forests. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a fertilization method based on environmentally friendly fertilizers to reduce fertilizer consumption and increase nutrient efficiency in Lei bamboo forests to meet market and production needs. However, current fertilization methods for bamboo shoots mainly rely on selecting appropriate fertilization time and depth, and optimizing bamboo forest structure to improve nutrient use efficiency.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN 112772084 A discloses a method for reducing fertilizer use in bamboo forests. This method first adjusts the bamboo forest structure and then uses a fan-shaped ring-shaped ditch method when adding compound fertilizer to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency. However, this method does not increase bamboo shoot yield or improve soil ecological damage caused by heavy fertilization. Chinese invention patent CN 109168521 B discloses a method for formulating fertilizers for bamboo shoot forests. This patent monitors a large number of environmental factors in the early stages, screens key environmental factors affecting bamboo shoot yield, establishes a nutrient benefit model, calculates nutrient distribution ratios, and determines the amount of fertilizer to be applied to the bamboo forest to achieve the goal of improving fertilizer use efficiency and yield. However, this method requires a large amount of preliminary fertilization research, factor testing, and data analysis, making it difficult to operate. Application of this method cannot restore the soil ecological environment degradation of long-term intensive bamboo forests. Moreover, due to the unstable soil moisture and nutrient conditions and annual climate factors in intensively managed bamboo forests, the analysis results may vary significantly, making it generally not in line with production practices.

[0004] Therefore, in response to the above problems, there is an urgent need to develop a fertilization method for the thunbergii bamboo forest that can improve the soil ecological environment, increase bamboo shoot yield, improve bamboo shoot quality, and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer applied. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fertilization method for Phyllostachys praecox forest based on humic acid water-soluble fertilizer in response to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the existing technology. The method is based on environmentally friendly water-soluble organic fertilizer, which can improve the soil ecological environment, increase the yield of Phyllostachys praecox bamboo shoots, improve the quality of bamboo shoots, and reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizers.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a fertilization method for a thunbergii bamboo forest based on humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. preparing fertilizer: preparing humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution with humic acid water-soluble fertilizer;

[0008] S2. Bamboo forest structure control: Before fertilization, new bamboos were kept and raised. In late April, the density of standing bamboos was controlled by selective felling of old bamboos. The age ratio of standing bamboos was also regulated, with the ratio of one-year-old bamboos to two-year-old bamboos being 1:1.

[0009] S3, fertilization management: square ditch fertilization method is used for fertilization, square fertilization ditches are opened around each phragmites, and fertilization is carried out in the square fertilization ditches; the first fertilization is carried out in late April, first applying the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution obtained in S1, then applying urea after 3 to 5 days, and then reclaiming the soil; the second fertilization is carried out in late July, first applying the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution obtained in S1, then applying compound fertilizer after 3 to 5 days, and then reclaiming the soil; the third fertilization is carried out in late October, first applying the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution obtained in S1, then applying compound fertilizer after 3 to 5 days, and then reclaiming the soil;

[0010] S4, water management: 2 days before the first fertilization, carry out a quantitative watering, and 3 to 5 times from May to July; 2 days before the second fertilization, carry out a quantitative watering, and 3 to 5 times from August to October; 2 days before the third fertilization, carry out a quantitative watering, and 2 to 3 times from November to December;

[0011] S5. When the average daily temperature is higher than 21℃ in mid-to-late April, clean up last year's covering materials, which are uncomposted organic fertilizer and rice husks. When the average daily temperature is lower than 16℃ from mid-November to early December, spread uncomposted organic fertilizer on the surface of the bamboo forest and cover it with rice husks.

[0012] Preferably, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution in S1 is prepared by mixing humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and clean water in a mass ratio of 1:(300-500).

[0013] Preferably, the number of new bamboos retained in S2 is 7500 / hm2. 2 ~8000 plants / hm 2 ; Control the bamboo density to 13500 plants / hm 2 ~16500 plants / hm 2 .

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O in the compound fertilizer in S3 is 17:7:17; the method of opening the square fertilizer ditch is: with the bamboo stalk of Phyllostachys praecox as the center, two squares with side lengths of 60 cm and 30 cm are set respectively, the area between the two squares is the fertilization area, and one side of the two squares is parallel to the extension direction of the bamboo whip of Phyllostachys praecox; digging a ditch in the fertilization area with a depth of 20 cm and a width of 15 cm; when applying the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution is poured into the square fertilizer ditch in the fertilization area; when applying the urea and compound fertilizer, the solid fertilizers of the urea and compound fertilizer are evenly spread in the square fertilizer ditch in the fertilization area.

[0015] Preferably, in the first fertilization in S3, the amount of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution applied is 60 kg / hm2. 2 3 to 5 days later, the amount of urea applied is 450 kg / hm2 2 , and then 15cm of soil is cultivated and covered. The fertilizer ratio of the one-year-old bamboo and the two-year-old bamboo is 1:1; the fertilizer ratio of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and urea for preparing the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution is 2:15.

[0016] Preferably, in the second fertilization in S3, the amount of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution applied is 150 kg / hm 2 3 to 5 days later, the amount of compound fertilizer applied is 450 kg / hm2 2 , and then 25cm of soil is cultivated and covered. The fertilizer ratio of the one-year-old bamboo and the two-year-old bamboo is 1:2; the fertilizer ratio of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and the compound fertilizer for preparing the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution is 1:3.

[0017] Preferably, in the third fertilization in S3, the amount of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution applied is 90 kg / hm2. 2 , 3 to 5 days later, the amount of compound fertilizer applied is 675kg / hm 2 , and then 10cm of soil is cultivated and covered. The fertilizer ratio of the one-year-old bamboo and the two-year-old bamboo is 1:2; the fertilizer ratio of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and the compound fertilizer for preparing the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution is 2:15.

[0018] Preferably, the amount of watering 2 to 3 days before the first fertilization in S4 is 30 tons / hm 2 From May to July, 3 to 5 times of quantitative watering are carried out, with a total watering amount of 60 tons / hm 2 The watering rate for the second fertilization 2 to 3 days before the application was 30 tons / hm 2 From August to October, 3 to 5 times of quantitative watering are carried out, with a total watering amount of 120 tons / hm 2 The watering rate for the first 2 to 3 days of the third fertilization was 30 tons / hm 2 From November to December, 2 to 3 times of quantitative watering were carried out, with a total watering amount of 105 tons / hm 2 .

[0019] Preferably, the uncomposted organic fertilizer in S5 is sheep manure or chicken manure, and the application rate of the uncomposted organic fertilizer is 52.5 t / hm 2 , the thickness of the rice husk covered is 30cm.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] 1. Compared with existing fertilization technology for thunbergii bamboo forests, the fertilization method of the present invention can increase bamboo shoot yield by 48%. The main principle is that the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer described in this method contains a large amount of amino acids, humic acid and organic matter that are not present in compound fertilizers. When applied to the soil, it provides nitrogen and carbon sources for soil microorganisms, increases the number of microorganisms and optimizes the microbial community structure, increases the activity of soil enzymes such as urease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase, improves the effectiveness of soil nutrients, promotes the absorption of nutrients by the roots of thunbergii bamboo, increases the chlorophyll content of leaves, and promotes photosynthesis in thunbergii bamboo leaves as well as the synthesis, transport and accumulation of carbohydrates.

[0022] 2. The fertilization method of the present invention accurately distributes the amount of fertilizer and combines humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and compound fertilizer according to the growth and development characteristics and fertilizer requirements of Phyllostachys praecox in different seasons. Compared with the existing fertilization technology, the amount of chemical fertilizer applied is reduced by 30% while increasing the yield of bamboo shoots. The soil ecosystem is improved, and the purpose of reducing weight and increasing yield and efficiency of Phyllostachys praecox forest is achieved. The specific principle is that, first of all, in terms of fertilizer application, after the bamboo shoots of Phyllostachys praecox are harvested in April, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and urea are accurately applied in a ratio of 2:15 to supplement the deficiency of nutrients and organic matter in the bamboo and soil caused by a large number of shoots, thereby promoting the growth of new leaves and the differentiation of whip buds, and laying the foundation for the subsequent growth of the above-ground parts and root systems of new bamboo. In July, during the bamboo rhizome growth and development period, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and compound fertilizer were precisely applied at a ratio of 1:3. This increased proportion of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer promoted the development of the bamboo rhizome system. Finally, in October, during the shoot differentiation and bamboo shoot growth period, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and compound fertilizer were precisely applied at a ratio of 2:15. This increased proportion of compound fertilizer increased the nutrient supply and promoted the abundant production of bamboo shoots. Regarding water supply, from May to July, bamboo requires less water, and it also experiences the plum rain season. Therefore, only 24% of the annual watering allowance is allocated during this period. From August to October, bamboo requires more water, and due to the low rainfall, high temperatures, and drought, 40% of the annual watering allowance is allocated to promote rhizome differentiation. From November to December, bamboo shoot growth requires more water, and 36% of the annual watering allowance is allocated. This rational water supply improves fertilizer efficiency. In terms of fertilizer distribution, according to the purpose of promoting growth of three fertilizations and the characteristics of the Leizhu forest that one-year-old bamboo produces fewer shoots and two-year-old bamboo produces more shoots, the fertilizer amounts for one-year-old bamboo and two-year-old bamboo are applied according to the distribution ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:2 respectively in the three fertilizations in April, July, and October, so as to improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization. In terms of fertilization methods, this patent sets up fertilization areas and square ditch fertilization methods according to the distribution areas of the Leizhu root system, which alleviates the fertilizer loss caused by the uniform application of fertilizer and improves the fertilizer utilization rate. In short, this patent utilizes the water-fertilizer coupling mechanism, the shoot development and growth mechanism, and the bamboo forest resource allocation mechanism of the Leizhu forest to reasonably distribute fertilizer and water, improve fertilizer utilization rate, reduce the use of compound fertilizer, effectively alleviate soil non-point source pollution, increase the number of soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activity, effectively reduce the damage of bamboo forest production to the ecological environment, and improve the soil microenvironment.

[0023] 3. The quality of bamboo shoots cultivated by the fertilization method of the present invention is significantly improved compared with the existing fertilization technology, among which the oxalic acid content is reduced by 24%, the cellulose content is increased by 8.7%, the protein content is increased by 4.5%, the soluble sugar content is increased by 11.3%, the vitamin C content is increased by 20%, the umami amino acids and sweet amino acids are increased by 19.5% and 28% respectively, and the total amino acid content is increased by 19.1%. The main principle is that this fertilization method increases the content of amino acids and organic matter in the soil. Amino acids can be absorbed by bamboo shoots directly or indirectly through chelation, promote the synthesis of proteins in bamboo shoots, regulate the activity of physiological enzymes of bamboo shoots, promote photosynthesis and other plant physiological metabolic processes, and increase the synthesis and accumulation of vitamins, soluble sugars and cellulose in bamboo shoots. In addition, the reduction in the amount of chemical fertilizers and the increase in soil organic matter increase the soil pH, reduce the accumulation of acidic substances in bamboo shoots, and improve the taste of bamboo shoots.

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the square furrow fertilization method of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 The figure is a comparison of the bamboo shoot production under the fertilization method of Example 1 and the existing fertilization method, wherein A represents the existing fertilization method and B represents the fertilization method of Example 1.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a comparison of the quality of bamboo shoots under the fertilization method of Example 1 and the existing fertilization method, where A represents the existing fertilization method and B represents the fertilization method of Example 1.

[0028] Figure 4 It is a comparison of sweet amino acids, umami amino acids and total amino acids in bamboo shoots treated with the fertilization method in Example 1 and the existing fertilization method, wherein A represents the existing fertilization method and B represents the fertilization method in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Example 1

[0030] The fertilizing method for the thunbergia praecox forest of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer in the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1. preparing fertilizer: preparing humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution with humic acid water-soluble fertilizer;

[0032] S2. Bamboo forest structure control: Select 1 mu of 3-year-old Phyllostachys praecox forest, retain new bamboos before fertilization, and control the number of standing bamboos to 1010 plants / mu by cutting down old bamboos 3 years and older in late April. Also, control the age ratio of standing bamboos, with the ratio of 1-year-old bamboos to 2-year-old bamboos being 1:1.

[0033] S3. Fertilization management: Fertilization was carried out using the square ditch method. A square fertilization ditch was opened around each Thulium praecox. With the culm of the Thulium praecox as the center, two inner and outer squares with sides of 30 cm and 60 cm were set respectively. The area between the two squares was the fertilization area. One side of the two squares was parallel to the extension direction of the Thulium praecox rhizome. A ditch was opened in the fertilization area with a depth of 20 cm and a width of 15 cm. Fertilization was carried out in the square fertilization ditch.

[0034] The first fertilization was carried out in late April. First, 4 kg of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer was diluted 300 times with clean water to obtain a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution, which was poured into the square fertilization trenches of different-aged praecox bamboos. The fertilizer application ratio of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution for one-year-old bamboo and two-year-old bamboo was 1:1. After 3 to 5 days, urea was applied at a fertilizer rate of 30 kg / mu. The urea fertilizer application ratio for one-year-old bamboo and two-year-old bamboo was 1:1. Then, 15 cm of soil was cultivated and covered.

[0035] The second fertilization was carried out in late July. First, 10 kg of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer was diluted 300 times with clean water to obtain a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution, which was poured into the square fertilization trenches of different-aged praecox bamboos. The fertilization rate ratio of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution for 1-year-old bamboo and 2-year-old bamboo was 1:2. After 3 to 5 days, compound fertilizer was applied at a rate of 30 kg / mu. The fertilization rate ratio of the compound fertilizer for 1-year-old bamboo and 2-year-old bamboo was 1:2. Then, 25 cm of soil was cultivated and covered.

[0036] The third fertilization was carried out in late October. The humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution obtained by diluting 90 kg of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer by 300 times with clear water was watered in the square fertilization ditch of bamboos of different ages. The fertilizer application ratio of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution for 1-year-old bamboo and 2-year-old bamboo was 1:2. After 3 to 5 days, compound fertilizer was applied at a fertilizer application rate of 675 kg / mu. The compound fertilizer application ratio of the 1-year-old bamboo and 2-year-old bamboo was 1:2. Then 10 cm of soil was reclaimed and covered. When applying fertilizer, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution was watered in the square fertilization ditch of the fertilization area. When applying urea and compound fertilizer, solid fertilizer was evenly spread in the square fertilization ditch of the fertilization area. The soil was backfilled after each fertilization.

[0037] S4. Water management: 2 to 3 days before the first fertilization, water the soil once with a fixed amount of 2 tons per mu; from May to July after the first fertilization, water the soil 3 to 5 times, with a total amount of 4 tons per mu; 2 to 3 days before the second fertilization, water the soil once with a fixed amount of 2 tons per mu; from August to October after the second fertilization, water the soil 3 to 5 times, with a total amount of 8 tons per mu; 2 to 3 days before the third fertilization, water the soil once with a fixed amount of 2 tons per mu; from November to December after the third fertilization, water the soil 2 to 3 times, with a total amount of 2 tons per mu;

[0038] S5. When the average daily temperature is higher than 21°C in mid-to-late April, remove last year's covering materials (uncomposted organic fertilizer and rice husks). When the average daily temperature is lower than 16°C from mid-November to early December, spread uncomposted organic fertilizer such as sheep manure or chicken manure on the surface of the bamboo forest at a rate of 52.5 t / hm2. 2 , and cover with 30cm thick rice husks to increase the ground temperature; bamboo shoots can be harvested in large quantities from December to March of the following year.

[0039] Table 1 Composition and content of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer

[0040]

[0041] The fertilization method in Example 1 and the existing fertilization method were used to fertilize the phragmites. The existing fertilization method was: 750 kg / hm2 of compound fertilizer was applied from May to June. 2 From August to September, apply compound fertilizer 750kg / hm 2 , apply compound fertilizer 750kg / hm before covering 2 The fertilization method is uniform spreading, and irrigation is carried out when there is no rainfall for 10 consecutive days. Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 A represents the existing fertilization method, and B represents the fertilization method in Example 1; and the quality of bamboo shoots produced by the two fertilization methods was tested, and the results were as follows Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 A represents the existing fertilization method, B represents the fertilization method in Example 1, and ** indicates that the difference between the treatments is extremely significant (P<0.01).

[0042] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the fertilization method in Example 1 increases the bamboo shoot yield by 48% compared with the existing fertilization method. Figure 3 It can be seen that the quality of bamboo shoots cultivated by the fertilization method has been significantly improved compared with the existing fertilization technology, among which the oxalic acid content was reduced by 24%, the cellulose content was increased by 8.7%, the protein content was increased by 4.5%, the soluble sugar content was increased by 11.3%, the vitamin C content was increased by 20%, the umami amino acids and sweet amino acids were increased by 19.5% and 28% respectively, and the total amino acid content was increased by 19.1%.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] In the fertilization method for the thunbergii bamboo forest of this comparative example using humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, fertilization is only performed in late April and late July in S3, and no fertilization is performed in late October. The remaining fertilization methods are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 2

[0046] The fertilization method for the thunbergii bamboo forest of the comparative example using humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is as follows: in S3, the first fertilization is carried out in late April, wherein the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution is applied first, and then 30 kg / mu of compound fertilizer is applied 3 to 5 days later. The remaining fertilization methods are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0047] Comparative Example 3

[0048] In the comparative example, the fertilization method of the phragmites praecox forest with humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is as follows: in S3, the first fertilization is carried out in late April, and the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution is applied first, and then 7.5t / hm2 is applied 3 to 5 days later. 2 Decomposed sheep manure; the second fertilization is carried out in late July, first applying humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution, and then applying 7.5t / hm2 after 3 to 5 days 2 in late October for the third fertilization, only applying humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution, the rest of the fertilization method and Example 1 in the bamboo forest fertilization method is exactly the same.

[0049] Comparative Example 4

[0050] The fertilization method for the thunbergii bamboo forest of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer in this comparative example, the total amount of chemical fertilizers (compound fertilizer and urea) and humic acid water-soluble fertilizers for the three fertilizations in S3 is the same as that in Example 1. The amount of urea for the first fertilization and the amount of compound fertilizer for the second and third fertilizations are both 36.7 kg / mu, and the amount of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer for the three fertilizations and the remaining fertilization methods are exactly the same as those for the thunbergii bamboo forest fertilization method in Example 1. The ratios of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and chemical fertilizer for the three fertilizations are 1:9.18, 1:3.67, and 1:6.12, respectively.

[0051] Comparative Example 5

[0052] The fertilization method for the bamboo forest of the comparative example humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, the total amount of chemical fertilizers (compound fertilizer and urea) and humic acid water-soluble fertilizers for three fertilizations in S3 is the same as that in Example 1. The amount of humic acid water-soluble fertilizers for three fertilizations is 6.67 kg. The amount of chemical fertilizers (compound fertilizer and urea) for three fertilizations and the remaining fertilization methods are exactly the same as those for the bamboo forest fertilization method in Example 1, and the ratios of humic acid water-soluble fertilizers and chemical fertilizers for three fertilizations are 1:4.5, 1:4.5, and 1:6.75, respectively.

[0053] Comparative Example 6

[0054] The fertilization method for the bamboo forest of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer in this comparative example, the total amount of chemical fertilizers (compound fertilizer and urea) and humic acid water-soluble fertilizers for the three fertilizations in S3 is the same as that in Example 1. The fertilizer amount of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer for the three fertilizations is 6.67 kg, and the amount of urea for the first fertilization and the compound fertilizer amount for the second and third fertilizations are all 36.7 kg / mu. The remaining fertilization methods are exactly the same as the bamboo forest fertilization method in Example 1, and the ratio of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer to chemical fertilizer for the three fertilizations is 1:5.5.

[0055] Comparative Example 7

[0056] In the fertilization method for the thunbergii bamboo forest of this comparative example using humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, the fertilizer application ratio of the one-year-old bamboo and the two-year-old bamboo during the second and third fertilizations in S3 was 1:1, and the rest of the fertilization methods were exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 8

[0058] The fertilization method of the thunbergii bamboo forest of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer in this comparative example is to apply the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution by spraying on the soil surface, and to apply urea and compound fertilizer by broadcasting on the soil surface, without using the square ditch fertilization method. The other fertilization methods are exactly the same as the fertilization method of the thunbergii bamboo forest in Example 1.

[0059] Comparative Example 9

[0060] The fertilization method for the thunbergii bamboo forest of the comparative example of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is to irrigate the water only when there is no rainfall for 10 consecutive days. The other fertilization methods and the total watering amount throughout the year are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0061] Table 2 Bamboo shoot yields of fertilization methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-9

[0062] Bamboo shoot yield (kg / mu) Example 1 1658.1 Comparative Example 1 1134.7 Comparative Example 2 1446.3 Comparative Example 3 1232.1 Comparative Example 4 1455.6 Comparative Example 5 1393.2 Comparative Example 6 1349.4 Comparative Example 7 1475.6 Comparative Example 8 1462.7 Comparative Example 9 1427.8

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent variation made to the above embodiment based on the essence of the invention technology shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fertilizing a phyllostachys praecox forest with a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, characterized in that: The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: S1. preparing fertilizer: preparing humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution with humic acid water-soluble fertilizer; S2. Bamboo forest structure control: Before fertilization, new bamboos were kept and raised. In late April, the density of standing bamboos was controlled by selective felling of old bamboos. The age ratio of standing bamboos was also regulated, with the ratio of one-year-old bamboos to two-year-old bamboos being 1:

1. S3, fertilization management: square ditch fertilization method is used for fertilization, square fertilization ditches are opened around each phragmites, and fertilization is carried out in the square fertilization ditches; the first fertilization is carried out in late April, first applying the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution obtained in S1, then applying urea after 3 to 5 days, and then reclaiming the soil; the second fertilization is carried out in late July, first applying the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution obtained in S1, then applying compound fertilizer after 3 to 5 days, and then reclaiming the soil; the third fertilization is carried out in late October, first applying the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution obtained in S1, then applying compound fertilizer after 3 to 5 days, and then reclaiming the soil; S4, water management: 2 days before the first fertilization, carry out a quantitative watering, and 3 to 5 times from May to July; 2 days before the second fertilization, carry out a quantitative watering, and 3 to 5 times from August to October; 2 days before the third fertilization, carry out a quantitative watering, and 2 to 3 times from November to December; S5. When the average daily temperature is higher than 21°C in mid-to-late April, remove last year's covering materials. When the average daily temperature is lower than 16°C from mid-November to early December, spread uncomposted organic fertilizer on the surface of the bamboo forest and cover it with rice husks.

2. The method for fertilizing a bamboo forest with a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: The humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution in S1 is prepared by mixing humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and clean water in a mass ratio of 1:(300-500).

3. The method for fertilizing a bamboo forest with a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: The number of new bamboos retained in S2 is 7500 / hm2 2 ~8000 plants / hm 2 ; Control the bamboo density to 13500 plants / hm 2 ~16500 plants / hm 2 .

4. The method for fertilizing a phyllostachys praecox forest with a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: The mass ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O in the compound fertilizer in S3 is 17:7:17; the method for opening the square fertilizer ditch is: with the bamboo stalk of Phyllostachys praecox as the center, two squares with side lengths of 60 cm and 30 cm are set respectively, the area between the two squares is the fertilization area, and one side of the two squares is parallel to the extension direction of the bamboo whip of Phyllostachys praecox; digging a ditch in the fertilization area, the ditch depth is 20 cm, and the ditch width is 15 cm; when applying the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution is poured into the square fertilizer ditch in the fertilization area; when applying the urea and compound fertilizer, the solid fertilizers of the urea and compound fertilizer are evenly spread in the square fertilizer ditch in the fertilization area.

5. The method for fertilizing a phyllostachys praecox forest with a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein: In the first fertilization in S3, the amount of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution applied is 60 kg / hm 2 3 to 5 days later, the amount of urea applied is 450 kg / hm2 2 , and then 15cm of soil is cultivated and covered. The fertilizer ratio of the one-year-old bamboo and the two-year-old bamboo is 1:1; the fertilizer ratio of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and urea for preparing the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution is 2:

15.

6. The method for fertilizing a phyllostachys praecox forest with a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein: The second fertilization in S3 is performed at a rate of 150 kg / hm2 of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution. 2 3 to 5 days later, the amount of compound fertilizer applied is 450 kg / hm2 2 , and then 25cm of soil is cultivated and covered. The fertilizer ratio of the one-year-old bamboo and the two-year-old bamboo is 1:2; the fertilizer ratio of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and the compound fertilizer for preparing the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution is 1:

3.

7. The method for fertilizing a phyllostachys praecox forest with a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein: The third fertilization in S3 is performed at a rate of 90 kg / hm2 of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution. 2 , 3 to 5 days later, the amount of compound fertilizer applied is 675kg / hm 2 , and then 10cm of soil is cultivated and covered. The fertilizer ratio of the one-year-old bamboo and the two-year-old bamboo is 1:2; the fertilizer ratio of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and the compound fertilizer for preparing the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer solution is 2:

15.

8. The method for fertilizing a phyllostachys praecox forest with a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The watering rate for the first 2 to 3 days before fertilization in S4 is 30 tons / hm 2 From May to July, 3 to 5 times of quantitative watering are carried out, with a total watering amount of 60 tons / hm 2 The watering rate for the second fertilization 2 to 3 days before the application was 30 tons / hm 2 From August to October, 3 to 5 times of quantitative watering are carried out, with a total watering amount of 120 tons / hm 2 The watering rate for the first 2 to 3 days of the third fertilization was 30 tons / hm 2 From November to December, 2 to 3 times of quantitative watering were carried out, with a total watering amount of 105 tons / hm 2 .

9. The method for fertilizing a phyllostachys praecox forest with a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The uncomposted organic fertilizer in S5 is sheep manure or chicken manure, and the application rate of the uncomposted organic fertilizer is 52.5t / hm 2 , the thickness of the rice husk covered is 30cm.

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