Long air gap discharge optical observation method, system, electronic device, and medium

Abstract

The application discloses a long air gap discharge optical observation method and system, electronic equipment and medium, and is used for solving the technical problem of how to more accurately correct the transmission time delay in the existing discharge measurement process to realize the multi-physical quantity synchronous space-time observation. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, triggering the voltage and current measurement unit, the optical camera, the schlieren measurement device and the signal comprehensive correction instrument to start working at the same time through the synchronous trigger device, and correcting the transmission time delay for the synchronous measurement process to obtain preliminary measurement data; then, correcting the multi-channel signal parameter of the preliminary measurement data through the signal comprehensive correction instrument to obtain synchronous observation data. Therefore, the discharge shooting in multiple directions in the streamer stage is realized, the accurate calculation of the discharge moment is realized through the synchronous trigger design, the automatic correction of the signal at the discharge moment is realized through the signal comprehensive correction design, and the synchronous observation accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas discharge research technology in power systems, and in particular to an optical observation method, system, electronic device and medium for long air gap discharge. Background Technology

[0002] The gas discharge mechanism is fundamental to the study of external insulation in power systems. However, due to the complex processes involving light, electricity, and heat phenomena at each stage of the discharge, the gas discharge mechanism in long air gaps remains unclear. Streamer discharge is a crucial process in long-gap discharges, and many teams have conducted extensive research on it, covering aspects such as streamer development patterns and variation laws. Various physical discharge models have been established based on experiments. However, research on the differences in streamer ionization morphology during the discharge process remains insufficient. Clarifying and refining the streamer discharge mechanism requires precise measurement and analysis of discharge physical parameters. Early techniques primarily focused on observing discharges with long durations and gaps, or stable arc discharges.

[0003] With the rapid development of observation technology and the continuous upgrading of observation equipment, the methods for observing long-gap lightning discharges are also constantly improving. Among these improvements, image observation instruments have evolved from the initial microsecond-level exposure high-speed CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) and high-speed streak cameras to nanosecond-level exposure ICCD (Intensified Charge-Coupled Device). Simultaneously, the electron temperature and electron density of the discharge channel can be diagnosed and analyzed using atomic emission spectrometry and schlieren imaging. Furthermore, since the discharge current is a crucial characteristic parameter reflecting the change in injected charge during the discharge development process, the analysis of the streamer discharge mechanism inevitably involves measuring the discharge current. Currently, discharge current measurement often employs non-inductive sampling resistors and Rogowski coils. With advancements in photoelectric conversion, the electrical signal measured on the high-voltage side can be converted into an optical signal, which can then be transmitted via optical fiber to the low-voltage side and restored to an electrical signal for storage.

[0004] For synchronous observation of lightning discharge, the current main method is to use the signal generated by the breakdown of the ball gap of the impulse voltage generator before the air gap is broken down as the synchronous start signal. This method is suitable for short air gap observation scenarios, but for long air gap observation scenarios, it is easy to have the problem of not being able to perform synchronous observation of multiple physical quantities during the discharge process due to transmission delay. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method, system, electronic device, and medium for optical observation of long air gap discharges, which solves or partially solves the technical problem of how to more accurately correct the transmission delay in the existing discharge measurement process in order to achieve synchronous spatiotemporal observation of multiple physical quantities.

[0006] This invention provides an optical observation method for long air gap discharges, applied to an optical observation system for long air gap discharges. The optical observation system includes a synchronous triggering device, a voltage and current measurement unit, an optical camera, a schlieren measurement device, and a signal comprehensive correction instrument, all communicatively connected to the synchronous triggering device. The method includes:

[0007] The voltage and current measurement unit, the optical camera, the schlieren measurement device, and the signal comprehensive correction instrument are triggered to start working simultaneously by the synchronous triggering device, and the transmission delay is corrected for the synchronous measurement process to obtain preliminary measurement data.

[0008] The preliminary measurement data is corrected using the signal comprehensive correction instrument to obtain synchronous observation data by performing multi-channel signal parameter correction.

[0009] Optionally, the synchronous triggering device includes an impulse voltage generator and an oscilloscope. The step of triggering the voltage and current measurement unit, the optical camera, the schlieren measurement device, and the signal comprehensive calibration instrument to start operating simultaneously via the synchronous triggering device includes:

[0010] The oscilloscope is triggered by the impulse voltage generator outputting an impulse voltage signal.

[0011] A trigger signal is generated by the oscilloscope, then the trigger signal is converted from electro-optic to optical, and the voltage and current measurement unit, the optical camera, the schlieren measurement device, and the signal comprehensive calibration instrument are simultaneously activated based on the converted trigger signal.

[0012] Optionally, the step of performing transmission delay correction for the synchronous measurement process to obtain preliminary measurement data includes:

[0013] The voltage and current timing data of the discharge channel are measured by the voltage and current measurement unit.

[0014] The discharge channel is captured by the optical camera to obtain an optical image. The discharge channel process evolution is analyzed by the optical image using the schlieren measurement device and the quantitative schlieren method to obtain discharge image time series data.

[0015] The synchronous triggering device calculates the starting shooting time of the optical camera and the starting measurement time of the voltage and current measurement unit. Based on the starting shooting time and the starting measurement time, the synchronous triggering time difference between the optical camera and the voltage and current measurement unit is determined. Then, according to the synchronous triggering time difference, the voltage and current timing data and the discharge image timing data are corrected for timing delay to obtain preliminary measurement data for voltage, current and discharge image synchronization.

[0016] Optionally, the step of calculating the start shooting time of the optical camera and the start measurement time of the voltage and current measurement unit through the synchronization triggering device includes:

[0017] The synchronous triggering device acquires the synchronous triggering transmission time, the first triggering reception time of the optical camera, and the second triggering reception time of the voltage and current measuring unit.

[0018] The starting shooting time of the optical camera is calculated based on the synchronous trigger transmission time, the first trigger reception time, and the preset trigger delay.

[0019] The start measurement time of the voltage and current measurement unit is calculated based on the synchronous trigger transmission time and the second trigger reception time.

[0020] Optionally, the preliminary measurement data includes the discharge trigger time, and the step of performing multi-channel signal parameter correction on the preliminary measurement data using the signal comprehensive correction instrument to obtain synchronous observation data includes:

[0021] The signal triggering parameters of the optical observation system at the discharge triggering moment are obtained by the signal comprehensive correction instrument. The signal triggering parameters include multiple signal triggering sub-parameters.

[0022] If the trigger signal parameters do not meet the preset configuration conditions, then a signal channel is allocated for each of the signal trigger sub-parameters.

[0023] Based on preset configuration conditions, a multi-threaded synchronous remote control method is adopted. The signal trigger sub-parameters are calibrated through each signal channel, and the preliminary measurement data are compared and analyzed based on the parameter calibration results to obtain synchronous observation data.

[0024] Optionally, the preliminary measurement data includes the discharge time interval during the discharge process, and the step of comparing and analyzing the preliminary measurement data based on the parameter correction results to obtain synchronous observation data includes:

[0025] After the parameter calibration is completed, the multi-channel calibration time corresponding to the signal triggering parameters is calculated;

[0026] The multi-channel correction time is compared with the discharge time interval, and based on the comparison results, the discharge process of the preliminary measurement data at different shooting times is analyzed to further obtain synchronous observation data of voltage, current and discharge image synchronization.

[0027] Optionally, the multi-channel correction time is calculated using the following formula:

[0028] T TOTAL =T CFG +T CONTROL +T CALI

[0029] Among them, T TOTAL T represents the multi-channel calibration time, indicating the total time required for parameter calibration. CFG The total time required to configure all signal channels, T CONTROL T represents the total time required for remote control. CALI This represents the total time required for the calibration process of all signal channels.

[0030] The present invention also provides an optical observation system for long air gap discharge, the optical observation system comprising a synchronous triggering device, a voltage and current measuring unit, an optical camera, a schlieren measuring device, and a signal comprehensive correction instrument communicatively connected to the synchronous triggering device; wherein,

[0031] The synchronous triggering device is used to trigger the voltage and current measuring unit, the optical camera, the schlieren measuring device, and the signal comprehensive correction instrument to start working simultaneously, and to perform transmission delay correction for the synchronous measurement process to obtain preliminary measurement data.

[0032] The signal comprehensive correction instrument is used to perform multi-channel signal parameter correction on the preliminary measurement data to obtain synchronous observation data.

[0033] The present invention also provides an electronic device, the device comprising a processor and a memory:

[0034] The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor;

[0035] The processor is used to execute the long air gap discharge optical observation method as described above, according to the instructions in the program code.

[0036] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing program code for performing the long air gap discharge optical observation method as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0037] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0038] This paper presents a method and system for optical observation of long air gap discharges. First, through a synchronous triggering design, it achieves precise calculation of the discharge moment and spatiotemporal synchronous triggering of various measuring instruments in the optical observation system, thereby enabling multi-directional discharge imaging during the streamer stage. Second, through the automatic correction design of the signal integrated correction instrument, after synchronous triggering, it achieves automatic correction of the signal at the initial moment of the discharge. Based on the transmission delay correction, it can obtain more accurate synchronous observation data, providing more comprehensive and accurate information for lightning observation and subsequent discharge analysis. At the same time, it can provide necessary experimental observation means for further in-depth research on the mechanism and characteristics of long gap discharges, thereby promoting the research on the discharge mechanism under long gap impulse voltage. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a long air gap discharge optical observation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a long air gap discharge optical observation method provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of light deflection through a discharge channel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a synchronous triggering logic timing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of an optical observation method for long air gap discharge provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] This invention provides a method, system, electronic device, and medium for optical observation of long air gap discharges, which solves or partially solves the technical problem of how to more accurately correct the transmission delay in the existing discharge measurement process in order to achieve synchronous spatiotemporal observation of multiple physical quantities.

[0046] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0047] As an example, in the synchronous observation process of air gap discharge channels, since the discharge current is an important characteristic parameter reflecting the change law of injected charge in the channel during the discharge development process, the analysis of the streamer discharge mechanism cannot be separated from the measurement of the discharge current. Currently, discharge current measurement mostly uses non-inductive sampling resistors and Rogowski coils. With the advancement of photoelectric conversion, the electrical signal measured on the high-voltage side can be converted into an optical signal, and then transmitted to the low-voltage side using optical fiber to restore it to an electrical signal for storage.

[0048] For synchronous observation of lightning discharge, the current main method is to use the signal generated by the breakdown of the ball gap of the impulse voltage generator before the air gap is broken down as the synchronous start signal. This method is suitable for short air gap observation scenarios, but for long air gap observation scenarios, it is easy to have the problem of not being able to perform synchronous observation of multiple physical quantities during the discharge process due to transmission delay.

[0049] Therefore, the main drawback of existing technologies lies in their limitation by measurement methods, making it difficult to accurately reflect the synchronous development of light, electricity, and heat during the flow stream discharge process. Taking schlieren and ICCD imaging technologies as examples, current methods only cover short-gap schlieren and ICCD imaging, failing to consider the transmission delay issue when using a spatiotemporal synchronous integrated platform with multiple parameters to observe long-gap discharges distributed in the same space. Furthermore, in practice, calibration of relevant measuring instruments is often required before or during observation. Traditional manual or semi-automatic calibration is time-consuming, and currently, there is a lack of automatic calibration and testing methods in the field of synchronous observation of long-gap discharges.

[0050] Therefore, one of the core inventive points of this invention is: constructing an optical observation system for long air gap discharge using a synchronous triggering method, and providing a corresponding optical observation method. First, by accurately calculating the discharge time through synchronous triggering design, the spatiotemporal synchronous triggering of various measuring instruments in the optical observation system can be achieved, thereby enabling multi-directional discharge imaging during the streamer stage. This method has advantages such as clear and intuitive optical images, fast current measurement speed, simple calculation, strong anti-interference ability, and richer information data. Second, through virtual instrument technology, based on Lab... The Windows / CVI (a test and measurement tool development platform) is used to design and implement the automatic calibration function of a signal comprehensive calibration instrument. After synchronous triggering, the integrated signal comprehensive calibration instrument and computer software processing can automatically calibrate the signal at the initial moment of discharge. The transmission discharge time of each channel obtained by automatic calibration is compared and analyzed with the discharge time interval calculated by synchronous triggering. By comparing the results, the time and corresponding streamer discharge process at each shooting moment can be determined, so as to accurately obtain the spatiotemporal evolution law of the streamer in the discharge channel under impulse voltage. This provides more comprehensive and accurate information for lightning observation and subsequent discharge analysis. At the same time, it can provide necessary experimental observation means for further in-depth research on the discharge mechanism and characteristics of long gap discharge, thereby promoting the research on the discharge mechanism under long gap impulse voltage.

[0051] In the first aspect, this invention establishes an experimental platform for observing the electrical parameters, nanosecond-level light intensity, and spectral images of a standard lightning impulse discharge process, using a rod-plate gap of 0.5-1m as an example. This platform is suitable for observing the characteristics of discharge channels in long indoor air gaps, enabling the synchronous measurement of voltage, high-potential current, and discharge images during the discharge process.

[0052] Specifically, the circuit of the test platform can mainly include a synchronous triggering device consisting of an impulse voltage generator, a capacitive voltage divider and an oscilloscope, as well as a voltage and current measurement unit, a test sample, an optical camera EMICCD (Electron Multiplying Intensified Charge-Coupled Device), a schlieren measurement device (CCD schlieren camera), a signal comprehensive calibration instrument and a computer control terminal.

[0053] Compared to ICCD, this embodiment of the invention uses an EMICCD with linear electronic gain for observation. By adjusting its light intensity gain factor, it can capture images of extremely weak discharge channels. Furthermore, due to its linear gain characteristics, it can uniformly convert the light intensity of images captured at different gain factors, thereby achieving quantitative analysis of the light intensity.

[0054] Accordingly, an optical observation system for long air gap discharge is constructed in this embodiment of the invention. The optical observation system may mainly include a voltage and current measurement unit, an optical camera, a schlieren measurement device, a signal comprehensive correction instrument, and a synchronous triggering device. It may also include a computer control terminal for subsequent measurement data processing, storage, and observation result analysis. The synchronous triggering device may mainly include an impulse voltage generator and an oscilloscope.

[0055] In the specific implementation, refer to Figure 1 The diagram shows a structural schematic of a long air gap discharge optical observation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] The optical observation system mainly includes a synchronization triggering device 101, a voltage and current measurement unit 102, an optical camera 103, a schlieren measurement device 104, and a signal comprehensive correction instrument 105, all communicatively connected to the synchronization triggering device 101. The optical observation system may also include a computer control terminal 106.

[0057] The synchronous triggering device 101 is used to trigger the voltage and current measuring unit 102, the optical camera 103, the schlieren measuring device 104 and the signal comprehensive correction instrument 105 to start working simultaneously, and to perform transmission delay correction for the synchronous measurement process to obtain preliminary measurement data.

[0058] The signal comprehensive correction instrument 105 is used to perform multi-channel signal parameter correction on the preliminary measurement data to obtain synchronous observation data.

[0059] In one optional embodiment, the synchronous triggering device 101 includes an impulse voltage generator and an oscilloscope; wherein,

[0060] The impulse voltage generator is used to output an impulse voltage signal to trigger the oscilloscope;

[0061] The oscilloscope is used to generate a trigger signal, then the trigger signal is electro-optically converted, and the voltage and current measurement unit 102, the optical camera 103, the schlieren measurement device 104 and the signal comprehensive calibration instrument 105 are simultaneously activated based on the converted trigger signal.

[0062] In one optional embodiment, the voltage and current measuring unit 102 is used to measure the voltage and current timing data of the discharge channel;

[0063] The optical camera 103 is used to capture images of the discharge channel and obtain optical images;

[0064] The schlieren measurement device 104 is used to combine quantitative schlieren method to perform discharge channel process evolution analysis on the optical image and obtain discharge image time series data.

[0065] The synchronization triggering device 101 is used to calculate the start shooting time of the optical camera 103 and the start measurement time of the voltage and current measurement unit 102, and based on the start shooting time and the start measurement time, determine the synchronization triggering time difference between the optical camera 103 and the voltage and current measurement unit 102. Then, according to the synchronization triggering time difference, the voltage and current timing data and the discharge image timing data are corrected for timing delay to obtain preliminary measurement data for voltage, current and discharge image synchronization.

[0066] In one optional embodiment, the synchronization triggering device 101 includes:

[0067] The synchronization trigger time acquisition module is used to acquire the synchronization trigger transmission time, the first trigger reception time of the optical camera 103, and the second trigger reception time of the voltage and current measurement unit 102.

[0068] The start shooting time calculation module is used to calculate the start shooting time of the optical camera 103 based on the synchronous trigger transmission time, the first trigger reception time, and the preset trigger delay.

[0069] The start measurement time calculation module is used to calculate the start measurement time of the voltage and current measurement unit 102 based on the synchronous trigger transmission time and the second trigger reception time.

[0070] In one alternative embodiment, the preliminary measurement data includes the discharge trigger time, and the signal comprehensive calibration instrument 105 includes:

[0071] The signal triggering parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the signal triggering parameters of the optical observation system at the discharge triggering moment, and the signal triggering parameters include multiple signal triggering sub-parameters;

[0072] The signal channel allocation module is used to allocate a signal channel for each of the signal trigger sub-parameters when the trigger signal parameters do not meet the preset configuration conditions.

[0073] The parameter calibration and comparison analysis module is used to combine preset configuration conditions and adopt a multi-threaded synchronous remote control method to perform parameter calibration on the signal trigger sub-parameters through each signal channel, and to compare and analyze the preliminary measurement data based on the parameter calibration results to obtain synchronous observation data.

[0074] In one optional embodiment, the preliminary measurement data includes the discharge time interval during the discharge process, and the parameter correction and comparison analysis module includes:

[0075] The multi-channel calibration time calculation submodule is used to calculate the multi-channel calibration time corresponding to the signal triggering parameters after the parameter calibration is completed.

[0076] The synchronous observation data comparison and analysis module is used to compare the multi-channel correction time with the discharge time interval, and based on the comparison results, analyze the discharge process of the preliminary measurement data at different shooting times, and further obtain synchronous observation data of voltage, current and discharge image synchronization.

[0077] In one alternative embodiment, the multi-channel correction time is calculated using the following formula:

[0078] T TOTAL =T CFG +T CONTROL +T CALI

[0079] Among them, T TOTAL T represents the multi-channel calibration time, indicating the total time required for parameter calibration. CFG The total time required to configure all signal channels, T CONTROL T represents the total time required for remote control. CALI This represents the total time required for the calibration process of all signal channels.

[0080] from Figure 1 As can be seen from the embodiments of the present invention, two computer control terminals 106 are set. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can choose to set a general computer control terminal according to actual needs, for subsequent data storage, software processing, observation result analysis, etc. It is understood that the present invention does not limit this.

[0081] As the apparatus embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, they are described in a relatively simple manner. For relevant details, please refer to the description of the method embodiments below.

[0082] In this embodiment of the invention, an optical observation system for long air gap discharge is constructed using a synchronous triggering method. Combined with corresponding optical observation methods, spatiotemporal synchronous triggering of various measuring instruments within the optical observation system can be achieved, thereby enabling multi-directional discharge imaging during the jet phase. Secondly, through the design of a signal comprehensive correction instrument, automatic correction of the signal at the initial moment of discharge is realized. The transmission discharge time obtained under each channel through automatic correction is compared and analyzed with the discharge time interval calculated by the synchronous triggering method. This comparison allows for the determination of the time and corresponding jet discharge process at each imaging moment, enabling precise acquisition of the spatiotemporal evolution law of the jet in the discharge channel under impulse voltage. This provides more comprehensive and accurate information for lightning observation and subsequent discharge analysis. Simultaneously, it provides necessary experimental observation methods for further in-depth research on the mechanism and characteristics of long gap discharge, thereby promoting research on the discharge mechanism under long gap impulse voltage.

[0083] Secondly, in conjunction with the optical observation system in the aforementioned embodiments, referring to Figure 2 This diagram illustrates a flowchart of a long air gap discharge optical observation method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method is applied to an optical observation system for long air gap discharges. The optical observation system includes a synchronization triggering device, a voltage and current measurement unit, an optical camera, a schlieren measurement device, and a signal comprehensive correction instrument, all communicatively connected to the synchronization triggering device. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0084] Step 201: The voltage and current measurement unit, the optical camera, the schlieren measurement device, and the signal comprehensive correction instrument are triggered to start working simultaneously through the synchronous triggering device, and the transmission delay correction is performed for the synchronous measurement process to obtain preliminary measurement data.

[0085] After setting up the optical observation system, in order to make the observation results more accurate, the schlieren observation part can be adjusted first to ensure that the discharge channel is in the middle of the optical path of the schlieren observation part. Then, the quantitative schlieren method can be used to analyze the evolution of the discharge channel process by using the grayscale of the photograph through the schlieren measurement device.

[0086] When performing calibration analysis, it is assumed that the calibration method used in the embodiment of the present invention is the calibration schlieren method. The schlieren method is a non-destructive detection method. The specific working principle is to transform the relationship between the offset of the light relative to the blade edge and the gray change of the schlieren image into the relationship between the offset of the blade edge relative to the light and the gray change of the schlieren image.

[0087] The channel is cylindrical, with a radially symmetrical temperature distribution, the highest at the center and gradually decreasing outwards. This uneven temperature distribution leads to an uneven refractive index distribution; therefore, light rays passing perpendicularly through the discharge channel are deflected. An illustrative diagram of the deflection is shown below. Figure 3As shown.

[0088] In practice, the diameter of the discharge channel (on the order of millimeters) is much smaller than the length of the measuring optical path (usually several meters). Therefore, the ordinates of the incident point A and the exit point B' can be approximated as equal, that is, B' coincides with B.

[0089] Synchronous triggering design is an important part of discharge synchronous observation and is the key to establishing a time relationship between electrical and non-electrical signals. At the same time, in order to achieve time synchronization between electrical and optical signals, the gap voltage measured by the oscilloscope can be used to synchronously trigger the ICCD optical camera.

[0090] To achieve synchronous observation of voltage, current, and schlieren images (discharge images) during the discharge process, the embodiments of this invention employ the following synchronization method: First, when the oscilloscope is triggered by the output voltage of the impulse voltage generator, a trigger signal is generated. Then, this trigger signal is converted from electrical to optical and transmitted via optical fiber to the voltage and current measurement unit (mainly used for high-potential transient current measurement), the optical camera ICCD, and the high-speed schlieren camera CCD (schlieren measurement device). Simultaneously, it can be transmitted via coaxial cable to the signal calibration instrument to trigger the simultaneous operation of each device. In the subsequent result processing, after obtaining the relevant measurement data, by considering the fixed time delay of the conversion circuit and optical fiber transmission, the synchronous results of voltage, current, and discharge images can be obtained.

[0091] In a specific implementation, as described above, the synchronous triggering device includes an impulse voltage generator and an oscilloscope. The simultaneous activation of the voltage and current measurement unit, optical camera, schlieren measurement device, and signal calibration instrument via the synchronous triggering device can be achieved as follows: First, the impulse voltage generator outputs an impulse voltage signal to trigger the oscilloscope; then, the oscilloscope generates a trigger signal; next, the trigger signal undergoes electro-optical conversion; and based on the converted trigger signal, the voltage and current measurement unit, optical camera, schlieren measurement device, and signal calibration instrument are simultaneously activated.

[0092] Furthermore, the timing diagram of the synchronization triggering logic for each device signal is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0093] Combination Figure 4The transmission time from the impulse voltage generated by the impulse voltage generator to the voltage signal received by the oscilloscope is t1. t1 is affected by the difference between the impulse voltage rise time and the discharge start time, and also by the cable length from the voltage divider to the control console. The transmission time for the optical camera, i.e., the ICCD light speed camera, to receive the trigger signal is t2. t2 is determined by the line transmission time between the oscilloscope and the ICCD. The trigger delay time set in the ICCD is t3. t3 can be manually set, but it must not be less than the minimum value (generally a minimum of 26ns). The transmission time for the voltage and current measurement unit to receive the trigger signal is t4. The time interval between the oscilloscope receiving the voltage signal and receiving the ICCD return signal is t5. t5 is mainly determined by the length of the transmission line.

[0094] By calculating the above fixed or adjustable transmission and trigger delays, the accurate ICCD shooting time t = t1 + t2 + t3 at the start of the relative discharge voltage can be calculated, and the difference between the voltage and current measurement unit and the ICCD action time is Δt = t4 - (t3 + t2).

[0095] It is evident that there are many factors affecting the synchronous trigger delay. Under the premise of ensuring equipment safety, the transmission delay is difficult to reduce, and t1 is difficult to reduce due to the system's own delay.

[0096] Furthermore, performing transmission delay correction on the synchronous measurement process to obtain preliminary measurement data may include the following steps:

[0097] Step S01: Measure the voltage and current timing data of the discharge channel using the voltage and current measurement unit;

[0098] When the voltage and current measurement unit receives the trigger signal after a transmission time of t1+t4, it can start measuring the voltage and current data of the discharge channel and record it in a measurement timing manner. At the same time, it can also output the current waveform to the computer control terminal for technicians to view.

[0099] Step S02: The discharge channel is photographed by an optical camera to obtain an optical image. The discharge channel process evolution is analyzed by a schlieren measurement device and combined with quantitative schlieren method to obtain discharge image time series data.

[0100] When the optical camera ICCD receives the trigger signal after a transmission time t1+t2, it can capture images of the discharge channel after a preset time delay t3. The optical camera ICCD can capture images using video stream shooting mode and extract the captured video (e.g., 25 frames per second) to output the corresponding optical image. Alternatively, it can capture images of the discharge channel using timed shooting mode (e.g., setting to capture 5 frames per second) to obtain optical images. Then, the optical images can be transmitted to the computer control terminal.

[0101] Next, quantitative schlieren analysis can be combined with a schlieren measurement device to analyze the discharge channel process evolution of the captured optical images. That is, by analyzing the state of the discharge channel and the discharge evolution process at each shooting moment through the captured images, the discharge image time series data related to the time series can be obtained. Similarly, the schlieren measurement device can also output the corresponding schlieren images to the computer control terminal for technicians to view and further analyze.

[0102] Step S03: Calculate the starting shooting time of the optical camera and the starting measurement time of the voltage and current measurement unit through the synchronization triggering device, and determine the synchronization triggering time difference between the optical camera and the voltage and current measurement unit based on the starting shooting time and the starting measurement time. Then, perform timing delay correction on the voltage and current timing data and the discharge image timing data according to the synchronization triggering time difference to obtain preliminary measurement data of voltage, current and discharge image synchronization.

[0103] Based on the foregoing analysis, step S03, which calculates the starting shooting time of the optical camera and the starting measurement time of the voltage and current measurement unit using the synchronous triggering device, may include the following sub-steps:

[0104] Step S031: Obtain the synchronous trigger transmission time, the first trigger reception time of the optical camera, and the second trigger reception time of the voltage and current measurement unit through the synchronous trigger device;

[0105] By measuring, we can obtain the synchronous trigger transmission time t1 from the start of the impulse voltage generated by the impulse voltage generator to the voltage signal received by the oscilloscope, the first trigger reception time t2 of the optical camera, and the second trigger reception time t4 of the voltage and current measurement unit.

[0106] Step S032: Calculate the starting shooting time of the optical camera based on the synchronous trigger transmission time, the first trigger reception time, and the preset trigger delay;

[0107] Then, based on the synchronous trigger transmission time t1, the first trigger reception time t2, and the preset trigger delay t3, the starting shooting time of the optical camera can be calculated as t1+t2+t3.

[0108] Step S033: Calculate the start measurement time of the voltage and current measurement unit based on the synchronous trigger transmission time and the second trigger reception time.

[0109] Simultaneously, based on the synchronous trigger transmission time t1 and the second trigger reception time t4, the starting measurement time of the voltage and current measurement unit can be calculated as t1+t4.

[0110] Next, based on the starting shooting time t1+t2+t3 of the optical camera and the starting measurement time t1+t4 of the voltage and current measurement unit, the synchronization trigger time difference between the optical camera and the voltage and current measurement unit can be determined as Δt = t4 - (t3+t2). Then, according to the synchronization trigger time difference Δt, the timing delay correction of the voltage and current timing data and the discharge image timing data is performed. Data synchronization processing is performed with the starting time alignment as the criterion. For example, the voltage and current timing data recorded after t1+t2+t3 is aligned with the discharge image timing data recorded after the voltage and current timing data at an interval of Δt, so as to obtain preliminary measurement data for voltage, current and discharge image synchronization.

[0111] Step 202: The preliminary measurement data is corrected using the signal comprehensive correction instrument to obtain synchronous observation data through multi-channel signal parameter correction.

[0112] In light of the foregoing, calibration of measuring instruments is often necessary before or during observation. As electronic measuring instruments demand higher precision and performance, the calibration requirements for these instruments become increasingly stringent. Currently, manual or semi-automatic methods are primarily used for instrument calibration in this field. However, traditional manual or semi-automatic calibration is time-consuming, resulting in low calibration and testing efficiency.

[0113] In this embodiment of the invention, a signal calibration instrument is set up using virtual instrument technology and based on the LabWindows / CVI software development platform to correct various parameters of the optical observation system, such as baseline, gain, trigger level, shift nonlinearity, frequency, and waveform. Once the parameters are successfully calibrated, the signal calibration instrument is connected to a computer control terminal, thereby achieving automatic signal calibration at the initial moment of discharge. Simultaneously, the various measuring instruments of the optical observation system can be remotely controlled via the computer control terminal. Automatic signal switching is achieved through the matrix switching function of the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and multi-threaded programming technology is employed to achieve simultaneous calibration of multiple channels of the measuring instruments.

[0114] As mentioned above, after transmission delay correction, the preliminary measurement data can actually include the discharge trigger times of various measuring instruments in the optical observation system. Therefore, in the specific implementation, the process of obtaining synchronous observation data by performing multi-channel signal parameter correction on the preliminary measurement data using a signal synthesis and correction instrument can include the following steps:

[0115] Step S11: Obtain the signal triggering parameters of the optical observation system at the discharge triggering moment through the signal integrated correction instrument. The signal triggering parameters include multiple signal triggering sub-parameters.

[0116] Specifically, the signal triggering parameters of various instruments involved in the measurement in the optical observation system, such as the impulse voltage generator, oscilloscope, voltage and current measurement unit, schlieren measurement device, and optical camera, can be obtained through the signal integrated calibration instrument.

[0117] For example, at the discharge initiation moment, for the impulse voltage generator, the main corrections needed are DC zero bias, DC gain, and AC gain. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the signal trigger sub-parameters of DC zero bias, DC gain, and AC gain before the impulse voltage generator is corrected. For the oscilloscope, the main corrections needed are baseline, gain, trigger level, and shift nonlinearity. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the signal trigger sub-parameters of baseline, gain, trigger level, and shift nonlinearity before the oscilloscope is corrected. For the voltage and current measurement unit, schlieren measurement device, and optical camera, the main corrections needed are baseline and gain. In particular, for the voltage and current measurement unit, frequency and waveform corrections may also be required. Therefore, the signal trigger sub-parameters of baseline, gain, frequency, and waveform (for the voltage and current measurement unit) before correction can be obtained for the voltage and current measurement unit, schlieren measurement device, and optical camera respectively.

[0118] Step S12: If the trigger signal parameters do not meet the preset configuration conditions, then allocate a signal channel for each signal trigger sub-parameter.

[0119] Once the various signal trigger sub-parameters are obtained, they can be compared with preset standard parameters (which can be set by those skilled in the art based on actual conditions or experience). When a signal trigger sub-parameter is less than or greater than a small range of the standard parameter, it indicates that parameter correction is required. Therefore, at this time, a signal channel can be allocated for the signal trigger sub-parameter that needs parameter correction based on a multi-threaded control method using a signal integrated calibration instrument, so as to achieve multi-channel synchronous correction in the subsequent correction process.

[0120] Step S13: Based on the preset configuration conditions, adopt a multi-threaded synchronous remote control method to perform parameter correction on the signal trigger sub-parameters through each signal channel, and compare and analyze the preliminary measurement data based on the parameter correction results to obtain synchronous observation data.

[0121] The preset configuration conditions proposed in this embodiment of the invention, namely the preset setting of standard parameters mentioned in the previous steps and the comparison of actual measurement values ​​based on standard parameters, can be adjusted to the standard parameters or within the allowable error range by means of correction when the signal trigger sub-parameter is less than or greater than a small range of standard parameters.

[0122] During the calibration process, the signal calibration instrument needs to convert the control signal into photoelectric signal and transmit it to the oscilloscope and impulse voltage generator for remote control. It can also indirectly control the voltage and current measurement unit, schlieren measurement device and optical camera and other related measuring instruments through the oscilloscope, so that they can achieve automatic parameter calibration based on standard parameter comparison.

[0123] The signal calibration instrument requires analog signals of the discharge trigger moment to be input from the relevant measuring instruments of the optical observation system. First, the analog signal is conditioned by the signal conditioning module of the signal calibration instrument. Then, the conditioned signal is sent to the ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) for sampling. Subsequently, the quantized output data is transmitted to the FPGA for data reception, processing and storage. Finally, the data can be transmitted to the LabWindows / CVI software of the computer control terminal via the VXI bus (a virtual instrument bus) for further data processing, and finally the calibration function is realized.

[0124] Based on the hardware design of the signal integrated calibration instrument, oscilloscope, voltage and current measurement unit, etc. in the optical observation system, the system supports multi-channel parallel acquisition and storage. At the same time, based on the hardware design of the impulse voltage generator, the system supports multi-channel parallel synchronous output, providing a hardware foundation for multi-channel synchronous calibration of the discharge trigger signal through software. By configuring the trigger signal parameters in multiple channels and designing the signal comparison and calibration, the multi-channel synchronous calibration function of the software can be realized. This calibration method can not only maximize the use of hardware design advantages, but also improve calibration efficiency.

[0125] Furthermore, the preliminary measurement data may include the discharge time interval during the discharge process. Based on the parameter correction results, the preliminary measurement data is compared and analyzed to obtain synchronous observation data, which may include:

[0126] First, after parameter calibration is completed, the multi-channel calibration time corresponding to the signal trigger parameters is calculated. The multi-channel calibration time is obtained by the following formula:

[0127] T TOTAL =T CFG +T CONTROL +T CALI

[0128] In the formula, T TOTAL T represents the multi-channel calibration time, indicating the total time required for parameter calibration. CFG The total time required to configure all signal channels, T CONTROL T represents the total time required for remote control. CALIThis represents the total time required for the calibration process of all signal channels.

[0129] Next, the multi-channel correction time is compared with the discharge time interval, and based on the comparison results, the discharge process of the preliminary measurement data at different shooting times is analyzed, and further synchronous observation data of voltage, current and discharge image synchronization are obtained.

[0130] In this embodiment of the invention, an optical observation system for long air gap discharge, constructed using a synchronous triggering method, is provided, along with a corresponding optical observation method. Firstly, through synchronous triggering design, precise calculation of the discharge timing and spatiotemporal synchronous triggering of various measuring instruments within the optical observation system are achieved, thereby enabling multi-directional discharge imaging during the streamer stage. This method offers advantages such as clear and intuitive optical images, fast current measurement speed, simple calculation, strong anti-interference capability, and richer information data. Secondly, through virtual instrument technology, based on Lab... The Windows / CVI-based system was designed and implemented to provide an automatic calibration function for a signal calibration instrument. After synchronous triggering, the integrated signal calibration instrument and computer software processing enable automatic calibration of the signal at the initial discharge moment. The automatic calibration results in the transmission discharge time of each channel, which is then compared with the discharge time interval calculated using the synchronous triggering method. This comparison allows for the determination of the time and corresponding jet discharge process at each shooting moment, enabling precise acquisition of the spatiotemporal evolution of the jets in the discharge channel under impulse voltage. This provides more comprehensive and accurate information for lightning observation and subsequent discharge analysis. Furthermore, it provides necessary experimental observation methods for further in-depth research on the mechanism and characteristics of long-gap discharges, thereby promoting research on the discharge mechanism under long-gap impulse voltages.

[0131] For better illustration, refer to Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the overall flow of an optical observation method for long air gap discharge provided by an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that this embodiment only provides a brief description of the general flow of optical observation of long air gap discharge. The specific implementation process of each step can be understood by referring to the relevant content in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be elaborated upon here. It is understood that the present invention does not impose any limitations on this.

[0132] Step 501: Output an impulse voltage signal through the impulse voltage generator to trigger the oscilloscope;

[0133] Step 502: Generate a trigger signal using an oscilloscope, then perform electro-optical conversion on the trigger signal, and simultaneously start the voltage and current measurement unit, optical camera, schlieren measurement device, and signal comprehensive calibration instrument based on the converted trigger signal;

[0134] Step 503: When data acquisition is performed using a voltage and current measurement unit, an optical camera, and a schlieren measurement device, a transmission delay correction is performed on the synchronous measurement process using a synchronous triggering device to obtain preliminary measurement data;

[0135] Step 504: Use a signal comprehensive correction instrument to perform multi-channel signal parameter correction on the preliminary measurement data to obtain the final synchronous observation data.

[0136] This invention also provides an electronic device, which includes a processor and a memory:

[0137] The memory is used to store program code and transfer the program code to the processor;

[0138] The processor is used to execute the long air gap discharge optical observation method of any embodiment of the present invention according to the instructions in the program code.

[0139] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing program code for executing the long air gap discharge optical observation method of any embodiment of the invention.

[0140] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0141] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units through some interfaces, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0142] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0143] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0144] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0145] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optical observation of discharge in a long air gap, characterized in that, An optical observation system for long air gap discharges, the optical observation system comprising a synchronous triggering device, a voltage and current measuring unit, an optical camera, a schlieren measuring device, and a signal comprehensive correction instrument communicatively connected to the synchronous triggering device, the method comprising: The voltage and current measurement unit, the optical camera, the schlieren measurement device, and the signal comprehensive correction instrument are triggered to start working simultaneously by the synchronous triggering device, and the transmission delay is corrected for the synchronous measurement process to obtain preliminary measurement data. The preliminary measurement data is corrected using the signal comprehensive correction instrument to perform multi-channel signal parameter correction, thereby obtaining synchronous observation data. The preliminary measurement data includes the discharge trigger time. The process of correcting the preliminary measurement data using the signal comprehensive correction instrument to obtain synchronous observation data includes: The signal triggering parameters of the optical observation system at the discharge triggering moment are obtained by the signal comprehensive correction instrument. The signal triggering parameters include multiple signal triggering sub-parameters. If the signal triggering parameters do not meet the preset configuration conditions, then a signal channel is allocated for each of the signal triggering sub-parameters. Based on preset configuration conditions, a multi-threaded synchronous remote control method is adopted. The signal trigger sub-parameters are calibrated through each signal channel, and the preliminary measurement data are compared and analyzed based on the parameter calibration results to obtain synchronous observation data.

2. The optical observation method for long air gap discharge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronous triggering device includes an impulse voltage generator and an oscilloscope. The simultaneous activation of the voltage and current measurement unit, the optical camera, the schlieren measurement device, and the signal comprehensive calibration instrument via the synchronous triggering device includes: The oscilloscope is triggered by the impulse voltage generator outputting an impulse voltage signal. A trigger signal is generated by the oscilloscope, then the trigger signal is converted from electro-optic to optical, and the voltage and current measurement unit, the optical camera, the schlieren measurement device, and the signal comprehensive calibration instrument are simultaneously activated based on the converted trigger signal.

3. The optical observation method for long air gap discharge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission delay correction for the synchronous measurement process to obtain preliminary measurement data includes: The voltage and current timing data of the discharge channel are measured by the voltage and current measurement unit. The discharge channel is captured by the optical camera to obtain an optical image. The discharge channel process evolution is analyzed by the optical image using the schlieren measurement device and the quantitative schlieren method to obtain discharge image time series data. The synchronous triggering device calculates the starting shooting time of the optical camera and the starting measurement time of the voltage and current measurement unit. Based on the starting shooting time and the starting measurement time, the synchronous triggering time difference between the optical camera and the voltage and current measurement unit is determined. Then, according to the synchronous triggering time difference, the voltage and current timing data and the discharge image timing data are corrected for timing delay to obtain preliminary measurement data for voltage, current and discharge image synchronization.

4. The optical observation method for long air gap discharge according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation of the starting shooting time of the optical camera and the starting measurement time of the voltage and current measurement unit through the synchronous triggering device includes: The synchronous triggering device acquires the synchronous triggering transmission time, the first triggering reception time of the optical camera, and the second triggering reception time of the voltage and current measuring unit. The starting shooting time of the optical camera is calculated based on the synchronous trigger transmission time, the first trigger reception time, and the preset trigger delay. The start measurement time of the voltage and current measurement unit is calculated based on the synchronous trigger transmission time and the second trigger reception time.

5. The optical observation method for long air gap discharge according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preliminary measurement data includes the discharge time interval during the discharge process. Based on the parameter correction results, the preliminary measurement data is compared and analyzed to obtain synchronous observation data, including: After the parameter calibration is completed, the multi-channel calibration time corresponding to the signal triggering parameters is calculated; The multi-channel correction time is compared with the discharge time interval, and based on the comparison results, the discharge process of the preliminary measurement data at different shooting times is analyzed to further obtain synchronous observation data of voltage, current and discharge image synchronization.

6. The optical observation method for long air gap discharge according to claim 5, characterized in that, The multi-channel correction time is calculated using the following formula: T TOTAL =T CFG +T CONTROL +T CALI Among them, T TOTAL T represents the multi-channel calibration time, indicating the total time required for parameter calibration. CFG The total time required to configure all signal channels, T CONTROL T represents the total time required for remote control. CALI This represents the total time required for the calibration process of all signal channels.

7. A long air gap discharge optical observation system, characterized in that, The optical observation system includes a synchronization triggering device, a voltage and current measurement unit, an optical camera, a schlieren measurement device, and a signal comprehensive correction instrument, all communicatively connected to the synchronization triggering device; wherein... The synchronous triggering device is used to trigger the voltage and current measuring unit, the optical camera, the schlieren measuring device, and the signal comprehensive correction instrument to start working simultaneously, and to perform transmission delay correction for the synchronous measurement process to obtain preliminary measurement data. The signal comprehensive correction instrument is used to perform multi-channel signal parameter correction on the preliminary measurement data to obtain synchronous observation data; The preliminary measurement data includes the discharge trigger time, and the signal comprehensive calibration instrument includes: The signal triggering parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the signal triggering parameters of the optical observation system at the discharge triggering moment through the signal comprehensive correction instrument. The signal triggering parameters include multiple signal triggering sub-parameters. The signal channel allocation module is used to allocate a signal channel for each of the signal triggering sub-parameters when the signal triggering parameters do not meet the preset configuration conditions. The parameter calibration and comparison analysis module is used to combine preset configuration conditions and adopt a multi-threaded synchronous remote control method to perform parameter calibration on the signal trigger sub-parameters through each signal channel, and to compare and analyze the preliminary measurement data based on the parameter calibration results to obtain synchronous observation data.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor and a memory: The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor; The processor is used to execute the long air gap discharge optical observation method according to any one of claims 1-6 according to the instructions in the program code.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium is used to store program code for executing the long air gap discharge optical observation method according to any one of claims 1-6.

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