A static mulch based pull-cultivator planter

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a static mulch film based ploughing and seeding machine, which comprises a frame connected with a traction machine, a weeding unit, a seeding unit and a land wheel arranged on the frame respectively, the weeding unit is located in front of the seeding unit along the walking direction of the traction machine, the weeding unit comprises a pair of gathering belts, a gripping assembly and a pulling wheel set matched with the gripping assembly, the gathering belts are respectively located on the left and right sides of crop residues, the gripping assembly is respectively located above the gathering belts, the pulling wheel set comprises a first rotating wheel, a second rotating wheel coaxially arranged above and below and a third rotating wheel located between the first rotating wheel and the second rotating wheel in the height direction, the first rotating wheel and the third rotating wheel are respectively located on the left and right sides of the crop residues, one side of the third rotating wheel has an overlapping area with the first rotating wheel and the second rotating wheel in the horizontal direction and below the gripping assembly, the seeding machine can perform weeding, ploughing and seeding without breaking and winding the mulch film, and the artificial labor and plastic pollution are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a stubble plowing seeder based on a static plastic film. Background Art

[0002] Water resource shortage and soil salinization are the main factors restricting agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. Using plastic film mulching can reduce the ineffective evaporation of the soil, save water, and also has a good effect on preventing soil salinization. However, when carrying out land preparation and seeding operations in the traditional film covering method, the film will be broken, and some small pieces of residual film will be mixed in the soil, which will cause soil microplastic pollution. Covering the farmland soil with a tough static plastic film with seeding holes all year round can reduce soil evaporation and inhibit soil salt return, while reducing soil microplastic pollution. However, it is necessary to find a method for stubble cleaning, tillage, and seeding without damaging the plastic film. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the invention provides a stubble plowing seeder based on a static plastic film, which does not need to break or roll up the plastic film during stubble cleaning and land preparation, reduces soil microplastic pollution and manual labor, further reduces the ineffective evaporation of the soil, prevents further soil salinization, and helps to increase crop yields.

[0004] The specific technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:

[0005] A stubble plowing seeder based on a static plastic film includes a frame connected to a tractor. A stubble cleaning unit, a seeding unit, and ground wheels are respectively arranged on the frame. The stubble cleaning unit is located in front of the seeding unit along the traveling direction of the tractor. The key lies in that the stubble cleaning unit includes a group of gathering belts, a gripping component, and a pulling wheel set supporting the gripping component. The gathering belts are respectively located on the left and right sides of crop stubbles, and a V-shaped structure is formed between the front ends of the two gathering belts. The gripping components are respectively located above the gathering belts. The pulling wheel set includes a first runner, a second runner coaxially arranged up and down, and a third runner located between the first runner and the second runner in the height direction. The first runner and the third runner are respectively located on both sides of the crop stubbles. One side of the third runner and the first runner and the second runner have an overlapping area in the horizontal direction, and the overlapping area is located below the gripping component.

[0006] The gripping component includes a pair of clamping wheels. Rubber shells are coaxially arranged on the clamping wheels respectively. The diameter of the rubber shell is larger than that of the clamping wheel, and the distance between the centers of the two clamping wheels is less than the diameter of the rubber shell. The first runner is coaxially arranged with one of the clamping wheels, and the third runner is located behind the other clamping wheel.

[0007] The upper end of the clamping wheel is coaxially provided with a first gear that is connected to the power output end of the engine, and the two first gears mesh with each other for transmission.

[0008] The crop stubble is provided with gathering belts at both the top and bottom ends. The two gathering belts on the left are driven by the first front drive roller and the first rear drive roller, respectively, and the two gathering belts on the right are driven by the second front drive roller and the second rear drive roller, respectively. The conveying direction of the working section of the gathering belt is opposite to the walking direction of the traction machine, but the speed is the same.

[0009] The stubble-removing unit also includes a set of crushing rollers located between the gathering belt and the sowing unit. A set of blades is arranged on the crushing rollers along their axial direction. The axial direction of the crushing rollers is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the blades on adjacent crushing rollers are arranged to cross each other.

[0010] The blade is provided with a set of teeth that are inclined along the rotation direction of the crushing rollers, and the blades on the same crushing rollers are arranged in a spiral shape.

[0011] The seeding unit includes a seeding disc connected to the frame and duckbill-type seeders arranged in a circular array on the seeding disc.

[0012] The ground wheels are located on both sides of the frame and between two adjacent ground films.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0014] This invention employs a gathering belt to tightly aggregate scattered crop residues into a single column. A gripping component grasps the upper end of the crop residues. As the crop residues pass through the first, second, and third rotating rollers, the pushing and squeezing action between these rollers pulls up the stubble roots. The first, second, and third rotating rollers, in conjunction with the gripping component, then cause the crop residues to fall and cover the mulch film. Finally, a seeder inserts itself into the seeding holes on the mulch film for sowing. This invention features a rational layout and avoids traditional stubble removal and land preparation methods. Instead, it loosens the soil by removing crop residues, eliminating the need for traditional tillage. The fallen crop residues are carried into the seeding holes of the mulch film during sowing, covering the exposed soil and further reducing ineffective evaporation in saline-alkali soils. Furthermore, the gripping and pushing action of the gripping component and the pulling rollers rubs and crushes the crop residues, making them more prone to rotting in the field, improving soil fertility, and promoting stronger seedlings and increased yields. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the stubble removal unit.

[0017] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A sectional view along the AA direction;

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A sectional view along the BB direction;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a top view of the crushing rollers;

[0020] In the attached diagram, 1 is the frame, 2 is the stubble-crushing unit, 3 is the sowing unit, 31 is the sowing disc, 32 is the duckbill seeder, 4 is the ground wheel, 5 is the gathering belt, 6 is the first rotating wheel, 7 is the second rotating wheel, 8 is the third rotating wheel, 9 is the clamping wheel, 10 is the rubber shell, 11 is the crushing roller, 12 is the blade, 13 is the blade tooth, 14 is the first front drive roller, 15 is the first rear drive roller, 16 is the second front drive roller, 17 is the second rear drive roller, 18 is the first gear, 19 is the second gear, 20 is the belt, and 21 is the baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0022] Specific implementation examples Figure 1-5As shown, a static mulch-based tillage and seeding machine includes a frame 1 connected to a tractor. The frame 1 is equipped with a stubble-clearing unit 2, a seeding unit 3, and ground wheels 4. The stubble-clearing unit 2 is located in front of the seeding unit 3 along the traveling direction of the tractor. The stubble-clearing unit 2 includes a set of gathering belts 5, a gripping assembly, and a pulling wheel assembly matching the gripping assembly. The gathering belts 5 are located on the left and right sides of the crop residue, and the front ends of the two gathering belts 5 form a V-shape, facilitating the entry of loose crop residue between the two gathering belts 5. The two gathering belts 5 on the left and right sides gather the loose crop residue, making it easier for the gripping assembly to grip the crop residue, and the pulling wheel assembly pulls the crop residue out of the soil. The gripping assembly is located above the gathering belts 5. The pulling wheel assembly includes a first rotating wheel 6, a second rotating wheel 7, and a third rotating wheel 8. The first rotating wheel 6 and the second rotating wheel 8... The first wheel 6 is located below the second wheel 7, and the third wheel 8 is located between the first wheel 6 and the second wheel 7 in the vertical direction. The first wheel 6 and the third wheel 8 are located on both sides of the crop stubble. One side of the third wheel 8 overlaps with the horizontal projection of the first wheel 6 and the second wheel 7. This overlapping area is located below the gripping assembly. The first wheel 6, the second wheel 7, and the third wheel 8 form an arc-shaped channel to push the crop stubble. The upper end of the crop stubble is gripped by the gripping assembly, thereby pulling the roots of the crop stubble out of the soil. During the pulling process, the soil attached to the roots of the crop stubble falls off due to the vibration of the frame 1. Then, the gripping assembly releases the crop stubble, and the pulled-out crop stubble moves backward relative to the frame 1 under the guidance of the gathering belt 5, finally falling onto the mulch film. The seeder of this invention is suitable for stubble pulling and sowing of crops such as wheat, corn, and sorghum in saline-alkali land, especially wheat planting.

[0023] The gripping assembly includes a pair of clamping rollers 9, each with a rubber shell 10 coaxially mounted on it. The diameter of the rubber shell 10 is larger than the diameter of the clamping roller 9, and the distance between the axes of the two clamping rollers 9 is smaller than the diameter of the rubber shell 10. A first rotating wheel 6 is coaxially mounted with one of the clamping rollers 9, and a third rotating wheel 8 is located behind the other clamping roller 9. The adjacent sides of the rubber shells 10 are pressed together to form surface contact, expanding the gripping range of the clamping rollers 9 on crop residues. This facilitates cooperation with the pulling roller assembly to pull up the crop residues and transport them to the rear of the frame 1.

[0024] The crop residue is provided with gathering belts 5 at both the top and bottom ends to gather the crop residue at both ends, so as to keep the crop residue as close to a straight line as possible, so as to facilitate the effective pulling of the crop residue by the pulling wheel group. The two gathering belts 5 on the left are driven by the first front drive roller 14 and the first rear drive roller 15 respectively, and the two gathering belts 5 on the right are driven by the second front drive roller 16 and the second rear drive roller 17 respectively. The conveying direction of the working section of the gathering belt 5 is opposite to the walking direction of the traction machine and the speed is the same. The frame 1 moves forward under the traction of the traction machine, and the gathering belts 5 convey the gathered crop residue to the rear of the frame 1, so that the crop residue remains relatively stationary with respect to the ground.

[0025] The clamping wheel 9 has a first gear 18 coaxially mounted on its upper end. The first gears 18 above the two clamping wheels 9 mesh with each other for transmission. The first gear 18 on the right side is connected to the power output end of the engine, thereby ensuring that the clamping wheel 9 can rotate effectively, clamp the crop residue, and have sufficient driving force to rotate and spin out the crop residue. The first gear 18 drives the two clamping wheels 9 to rotate, with the right clamping wheel 9 rotating counterclockwise. The second gear 19 is mounted on the upper end of the second front drive roller 16. The second gear 19 is connected to the first gear 18 for transmission. The second gear 19 drives the second front drive roller 16 to rotate counterclockwise. The second front drive roller 16 drives the first front drive roller 14 to rotate clockwise via the belt 20.

[0026] The stubble-cutting unit 2 also includes a set of crushing rollers 11 located between the gathering belt 5 and the sowing unit 3, such as... Figure 4-5As shown, a set of blades 12 are arranged along the axial direction of the crushing rollers 11. The axial direction of the crushing rollers 11 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Two adjacent crushing rollers 11 are arranged in pairs, and the blades 12 on the paired crushing rollers 11 are arranged to cross each other. The feed end of the crushing rollers 11 is adjacent to the gathering belt 5, and the discharge end is adjacent to the sowing unit 3. The crop residues to be pulled up are conveyed backward along the frame 1 by the gathering belt 5. The paired crushing rollers 11 cut the crop residues into pieces and throw them between the crushing rollers 11 and the sowing unit 3. Two to three pairs of crushing rollers 11 can be arranged between the gathering belt 5 and the sowing unit 3 to prevent the large root system of the crop residues from affecting the sowing of the sowing unit 3. The crushed crop residues fall on the mulch film or cover the sowing holes of the mulch film. Baffles 21, matching the crushing rollers 11, are provided on both the left and right sides of the frame 1, behind the crushing rollers 11. The baffles 21 behind the crushing rollers 11 are inclined downwards to guide the crushed crop residues to fall towards the rear of the frame 1, preventing them from splashing outwards. The blades 12 are positioned at a height higher than the clamping wheels 9. In this embodiment, two pairs of crushing rollers 11 are provided, arranged adjacent to each other from front to back along the traveling direction of the traction machine to prevent long, uncrushed crop residues from obstructing the sowing holes on the mulch film and affecting sowing. The crushing rollers 11 are driven by a drive motor and sequentially transmitted via a chain.

[0027] The blade 12 is equipped with a set of teeth 13 inclined along the rotation direction of the crushing rollers 11. The blades 12 on the same crushing roller 11 are arranged in a spiral shape, that is, the teeth 13 between the upper and lower blades 12 are intersecting, which facilitates the smooth hooking of crop residues into the space between two adjacent crushing rollers 11, where the teeth 13 on the two crushing rollers 11 cut and crush them. Some of the crushed crop residues fall into the soil through the sowing holes of the mulch film, covering and filling the soil. The decomposed crop residues not only replenish the soil fertility but also serve as soil replenishment in the field.

[0028] The sowing unit 3 includes a sowing disc 31 connected to the frame 1 and duckbill-type seeders 32 arranged in a circular array on the sowing disc 31. The diameter of the disc 31 and the array angle between the duckbill-type seeders 32 are selected according to the distance between the sowing holes on the mulch film. The distance between two adjacent duckbill-type seeders 32 on the circumference is the sowing spacing, so that during the rotation of the disc 31, the duckbill-type seeders 32 correspond one-to-one with the sowing holes. As the tractor continues to move forward, the sowing end of the duckbill-type seeder is inserted into the soil along the sowing holes on the mulch film for sowing. During the downward insertion, crop residues covering the sowing holes on the mulch film are carried under the mulch film, decompose, and replenish soil fertility. Before operation, the position of the tractor is adjusted so that the duckbill-type seeders 32 can insert into the sowing holes on the mulch film when they travel to the field.

[0029] The ground wheels 4 are set on both sides of the frame 1 and located between two adjacent plastic films, supporting the frame 1 to move in the field.

Claims

1. A tillage and seeding machine based on static mulch film, comprising a frame (1) connected to a tractor, wherein a stubble-removing unit (2), a seeding unit (3), and a ground wheel (4) are respectively arranged on the frame (1), the stubble-removing unit (2) being located in front of the seeding unit (3) along the traveling direction of the tractor, characterized in that: The stubble removal unit (2) includes a set of gathering belts (5), a gripping component, and a pulling wheel assembly that is matched with the gripping component. The gathering belts (5) are located on the left and right sides of the crop stubble and the front ends of the two gathering belts (5) form a V-shaped structure. The gripping components are located above the gathering belts (5). The pulling wheel assembly includes a first rotating wheel (6) and a second rotating wheel (7) arranged coaxially on the top and bottom, and a third rotating wheel (8) located between the first rotating wheel (6) and the second rotating wheel (7) in the height direction. The first rotating wheel (6) and the third rotating wheel (8) are located on both sides of the crop stubble. One side of the third rotating wheel (8) has an overlapping area with the first rotating wheel (6) and the second rotating wheel (7) in the horizontal direction. The overlapping area is located below the gripping component. The gripping assembly includes a pair of clamping wheels (9), on which rubber shells (10) are coaxially arranged respectively. The diameter of the rubber shells (10) is larger than the diameter of the clamping wheels (9), and the distance between the axes of the two clamping wheels (9) is smaller than the diameter of the rubber shells (10). A first rotating wheel (6) is coaxially arranged with one of the clamping wheels (9), and a third rotating wheel (8) is located behind the other clamping wheel (9). The crop stubble is provided with gathering belts (5) at both ends. The two gathering belts (5) on the left are driven by the first front drive roller (14) and the first rear drive roller (15) respectively. The two gathering belts (5) on the right are driven by the second front drive roller (16) and the second rear drive roller (17) respectively. The conveying direction of the working section of the gathering belt (5) is opposite to the walking direction of the traction machine and the speed is the same. The stubble-killing unit (2) also includes a set of crushing rollers (11) located between the gathering belt (5) and the sowing unit (3). A set of blades (12) are arranged on the crushing rollers (11) along their axial direction. The axial direction of the crushing rollers (11) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the blades (12) on adjacent crushing rollers (11) are arranged to cross each other.

2. The tillage and seeding machine based on static mulch film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the clamping wheel (9) is coaxially provided with a first gear (18) that is connected to the power output end of the engine, and the two first gears (18) mesh with each other for transmission.

3. The tillage and seeding machine based on static mulch film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade (12) is provided with a set of blade teeth (13) that are inclined along the rotation direction of the crushing roller (11), and the blades (12) on the same crushing roller (11) are arranged in a spiral shape.

4. A tillage and seeding machine based on static mulch film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seeding unit (3) includes a seeding disc (31) connected to the frame (1) and a duckbill seeder (32) arranged in a ring array on the seeding disc (31).

5. A tillage and seeding machine based on static mulch film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground wheel (4) is set on both sides of the frame (1) and located between two adjacent ground films.

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