A kind of hydroponic breeding method of Avicennia marina seedlings

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of white bone soil seedling water culture breeding methods.The steps include: seed rapid propagation and seedling water culture.First, the pretreated white bone soil seed is placed into the seedling tray with sand, and the germination is carried out by controlling temperature, salinity and nutrition conditions.Then, the germinated seedling is fixed on the planting plate and transferred into the water culture device for culture, and the culture temperature, salinity, nutrition and light conditions are controlled to make the white bone soil seedling grow well.The application controls the water culture conditions of white bone soil seedling, gets rid of the dependence of traditional seedling raising mode of white bone soil on natural environment, and improves the growth rate of white bone soil.The high water culture density helps to alleviate the problem of land use tension and improve the seedling raising efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of mangrove plant breeding and seedling raising methods and hydroponic plant technology, in particular to a method for rapid seed propagation and seedling hydroponic cultivation of a mangrove plant Avicennia marina. Background Art

[0002] Mangrove forests are woody plant communities that grow in the intertidal zones of tropical and subtropical coasts or at river estuaries. They are ecologically significant coastal habitats. As a vital component of mangrove wetlands and the outward manifestation of wetland characteristics, they are a key target for international wetland ecological conservation and biodiversity protection. Mangroves possess the "three highs" of high productivity, high return rate, and high decomposition rate, making mangrove ecosystems among the most productive in the world. In addition to directly providing wood products, they also provide ecological functions such as wave protection and bank protection, promoting siltation and land reclamation, purifying water, depositing organic matter and pollutants, and maintaining biodiversity.

[0003] Avicennia marina (Mangrove) is a shrub in the Verbenaceae family and the genus Mangrove. It stands 1.5 to 6 meters tall, with branches with raised stripes, square twigs, and leaves with salt glands. Its capsules are oval and cryptoviviparous. Avicennia marina reproduces sexually by seed and has a well-developed root system. The horizontal roots, distributed in the shallow soil layer, are 3 to 5 times the width of its crown and can reach over 8 meters in length. This wide nutrient distribution allows for extensive nutrient absorption from the soil, and its well-developed finger-like aerial roots make it well-suited for growing on barren, sandy, exposed tidal flats. Avicennia marina mangrove communities play a vital role in protecting against wind and waves, promoting siltation and shore consolidation, protecting coastal embankments, and regulating coastal ecological balance. They are considered pioneer mangrove species.

[0004] Mangrove wetlands are among the most fragile ecosystems. Due to large-scale reclamation, deforestation, pond aquaculture, and coastal engineering projects, which are often converted or destructive for urban development, mangroves are experiencing a significant trend of degradation and disappearance, with a sharp decline in the area of ​​mangroves in China. The degradation and severe damage to mangrove ecosystems has garnered significant attention from governments and scholars worldwide. Researchers at home and abroad have conducted research on artificial restoration, introduction, and afforestation of mangroves, achieving considerable success. Three afforestation methods have been developed: natural seedling afforestation, hypocotyl afforestation, and container seedling afforestation. However, these methods still suffer from low survival rates and slow growth. Faced with this situation, the efficient, rapid, and convenient cultivation of high-quality mangrove seedlings has become a pressing task in mangrove restoration.

[0005] Compared with traditional soil cultivation methods, the use of plant factories for hydroponics places the entire plant cultivation process in an artificially precisely controlled growth environment and nutrient supply. It has the characteristics of a stable growth environment, sufficient nutrient supply and high space utilization, thereby shortening the plant cultivation and seedling raising cycle, increasing the number of plants cultivated per unit area, and improving the utilization rate per unit area. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide an efficient, rapid and convenient hydroponic method for the mangrove plant Avicennia marina seedlings, which solves the problem that the traditional soil culture method of Avicennia marina seedlings is limited by soil, temperature, sunshine and fertility conditions by artificially controlling the cultivation temperature and light, adopting nutrient solution hydroponics, and setting the optimal environment and nutritional conditions. By optimizing various cultivation conditions, the seedlings of Avicennia marina can be quickly cultivated, the plant spacing can be controlled, the cultivation density is high, which is conducive to the rapid growth of Avicennia marina seedlings and reduces costs.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A hydroponic propagation method for Avicennia marina seedlings, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Seed treatment

[0010] Wash and soak Avicennia marina seeds in clean water for 12-24 hours, remove the seed coat, and discard unqualified seeds. Select qualified seeds with plump, uniform grains and soak them in 500-fold diluted carbendazim 50% wettable powder for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with clean water. To store the seeds, place them in a sealed bag and refrigerate at 10-15°C. Before sowing, soak them in 500-fold diluted rooting water for 5-10 minutes.

[0011] (2) Seed germination

[0012] Place a small amount of sand in a seedling tray and place the treated seeds in each hole, one seed per tray. Apply nutrient solution to the tray and wait for the seeds to germinate under normal light conditions. During the sowing and planting period, the ambient temperature should be controlled at 26-34°C and the relative humidity at 75-90%. Regulate the nutrient solution environment and nutritional conditions: 30-32°C, 120mg / L compound fertilizer concentration, 5‰ salinity, 8-9 pH, and 4 times the standard concentration of trace elements. Replenish evaporated water daily to maintain a consistent growth environment.

[0013] (3) Planting of seedlings

[0014] When the roots of the Avicennia marina seedlings have extended and two to four true leaves have grown, remove the seedlings from the seedling tray and clean any sand or gravel from the roots to avoid damaging the root tissue. Transplant them onto the planting board in the hydroponic tank and secure the stems with seedling sponges to ensure full root contact with the nutrient solution. The hydroponic device is a hydroponic tank with foam boards as the planting boards. After stabilization, add a small amount of rooting water.

[0015] (4) Seedling breeding

[0016] The LED plant light was used as the light source, with a light quality of R / B / G = 3:1:1, a light duration of 12 h / d, and a light intensity of 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , use a hydroponic box to cultivate under the lighting conditions of LED plant lights, adjust the nutrient solution concentration, salinity and temperature, and it will reach the transplanting standard after 60 to 90 days.

[0017] During the Avicennia marina seedling propagation period in step (4), the ambient temperature is 26-34°C and the relative humidity is 75-90%. The water environment temperature is maintained stable by using a heating rod of a certain power to control the water temperature at 30-32°C. An air pump is used to maintain a certain level of oxygen flow in the hydroponic chamber. Intermittent foliar spraying is also performed, on average once every three days.

[0018] During the Avicennia marina seedling breeding period in step (4), the salinity is 5-15‰, the pH is 6-7, and the nutrient solution temperature is 30-32°C.

[0019] In the step (4), during the breeding period of Avicennia marina seedlings, the compound fertilizer concentration is 60-120 mg / L, the organic fertilizer concentration is 120-480 mg / L, and the trace element application amount is 2-4 times the concentration, wherein the trace element concentration of 1 times is: H3BO3 is 2.860 mg / L, MnSO4 is 1.015 mg / L, CuSO4·5H2O is 0.079 mg / L, ZnSO4·7H2O is 0.220 mg / L, H2M O O4 is 0.090 mg / L, iron salt is FeSO4·7H2O is 5.57 mg / L, EDTA~Na2 is 7.45 mg / L.

[0020] Compound fertilizers comply with GB / T15063-2020, with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 15:15:15 and a total nutrient content of ≥45%. These fertilizers are added to water at varying concentrations to create a nutrient solution. Organic fertilizers comply with GB 6675.4-2014, with a total nutrient content of N+P2O5+K2O ≥5.2% and an organic matter content of ≥52%. These fertilizers are added to water at varying concentrations to create a nutrient solution.

[0021] It can be seen from the above technical solution that compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] Compared to soil-grown seedlings, the hydroponic method provided by the present invention provides specific cultivation environmental and nutritional conditions, eliminating constraints on soil fertility, salinity, temperature, and sunlight. By providing a stable nutrient solution and environmental conditions, it increases the germination rate and seedling growth rate of Avicennia marina, shortening the plant cultivation and seedling raising cycle. It also increases the number of plants cultivated per unit area and improves the unit area utilization rate, significantly improving the efficiency of mangrove seedling cultivation. Compared to soil-grown seedlings, hydroponic seedlings have thicker stems and roots, making them more suitable for transplanting. They are also more resistant to wind and waves outdoors and have a higher transplant survival rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a real picture of the hydroponic device for Avicennia marina.

[0024] Figure 2 Optimize the germination conditions of Avicennia marina seeds.

[0025] Figure 3 Salinity screening for hydroponic culture of Avicennia marina seedlings.

[0026] Figure 4 Temperature screening for hydroponic culture of Avicennia marina seedlings.

[0027] Figure 5 pH screening for hydroponic culture of Avicennia marina seedlings.

[0028] Figure 6 The purpose is to screen the concentration of compound fertilizer for hydroponic cultivation of Avicennia marina seedlings.

[0029] Figure 7 Screening of organic fertilizer concentration for hydroponic cultivation of Avicennia marina seedlings.

[0030] Figure 8 Screening of trace element concentrations for hydroponic culture of Avicennia marina seedlings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The present invention provides a hydroponic propagation method for Avicennia marina seedlings, and the actual figure of the hydroponic device is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0033] (1) Seed treatment

[0034] Wash and soak Avicennia marina seeds in clean water for 12-24 hours, remove the seed coat, and discard unqualified seeds. Select qualified seeds with plump, uniform grains and soak them in 500-fold diluted carbendazim 50% wettable powder for disinfection for 10-15 minutes. Rinse with clean water and soak in 500-fold diluted rooting water for 5-10 minutes.

[0035] (2) Seed germination

[0036] Place a small amount of sand in the seedling tray, place the processed seeds in the tray, one seed per hole, apply nutrient solution to the tray, and wait for the seeds to germinate under normal light conditions. During the sowing and planting period, the ambient temperature is controlled at 26-34°C, and the relative humidity is 75-90%. Adjust the nutrient solution environment and nutritional conditions: nutrient solution temperature 30-32°C, compound fertilizer concentration 120mg / L, salinity 5‰, pH 8-9, trace elements 4 times the standard concentration, replenish evaporated water every day to keep the seed growth environment consistent. Remove the seeds from the seedling tray after 30 days.

[0037] (3) Planting of seedlings

[0038] When the roots of the Avicennia marina seedlings have grown and 2-4 true leaves have appeared, remove them from the seedling tray and wash them. Rinse the roots slowly with running water, avoiding damaging the root tissue, until all surface debris is rinsed away. Transplant the seedlings onto the planting board in the hydroponic tank. Secure the stems with seedling sponges to ensure full root exposure. The hydroponic equipment is a hydroponic tank with foam boards as planting boards. After stabilizing, add a small amount of rooting water. Allow the seedlings to grow slowly.

[0039] (4) Seedling breeding

[0040] The LED plant light was used as the light source, with a light quality of R / B / G = 3:1:1, a light duration of 12 h / d, and a light intensity of 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , use a hydroponic box to cultivate under the lighting conditions of LED plant lights, adjust the nutrient solution concentration, salinity and temperature, and it will reach the transplanting standard after 60 to 90 days.

[0041] During the Avicennia marina seedling propagation period in step (4), the ambient temperature is 26-34°C and the relative humidity is 75-90%. The water environment temperature is maintained stable by using a heating rod of a certain power to control the water temperature at 30-32°C. An air pump is used to maintain a certain amount of oxygen flow in the hydroponic pool. Foliar spraying is performed intermittently, on average once every three days.

[0042] During the Avicennia marina seedling breeding period in step (4), the salinity is 5-15‰, the pH is 6-7, and the temperature of the nutrient solution is 30-32°C.

[0043] In the step (4) during the breeding period of Avicennia marina seedlings, the concentration of compound fertilizer is 60-120 mg / L, the concentration of organic fertilizer is 120-480 mg / L, and the concentration of trace elements is: H3BO3 is 5.720 mg / L, MnSO4 is 2.030 mg / L, CuSO4·5H2O is 0.158 mg / L, ZnSO4·7H2O is 0.440 mg / L, H2M O O4 is 0.180 mg / L, iron salt is FeSO4·7H2O is 11.14 mg / L, EDTA~Na2 is 14.90 mg / L.

[0044] The following examples only list the parts that are different from the above steps, and the same contents are not listed again. At the same time, in order to obtain the best implementation method, the mangrove plant Avicennia marina seedling rapid propagation method described above is used to plant the mangrove plant Avicennia marina, and several examples are set as follows.

[0045] Example 1 Screening of Avicennia marina seed germination conditions

[0046] Environmental conditions for seed germination included salinity settings of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20‰; temperature settings of 26, 28, 30, 32, and 34°C; pH settings of 6, 7, 8, and 9; compound fertilizer settings of 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg / L; and trace element settings of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 times. Indoor temperature was 26-34°C, and relative humidity was 75-90%. Optimal conditions for seed germination were identified and validated.

[0047] Observe the germination of seeds every day, replenish the evaporated water and nutrient solution, and maintain the culture conditions within a stable range. After 21 days of culture, all seeds germinate successfully, and record the germination rate and various indicators. Figure 2 It can be seen that optimizing salinity significantly impacted Avicennia marina germination, followed by compound fertilizer and temperature. Overall, germination under conditions of 30-32°C, a salinity of approximately 5‰, 120mg / L Stanley compound fertilizer, a pH of 8-9, and four times the trace element concentration increased the germination rate of Avicennia marina seeds, achieving rapid germination within 15-20 days.

[0048] Example 2 Salinity screening of Avicennia marina seedlings in hydroponic culture

[0049] The salinity conditions for hydroponic cultivation of Avicennia marina seedlings were set at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20‰, the indoor air temperature was 26-34°C, the amount of organic fertilizer applied was 60 mg / L, the pH of the water body itself was about 7, and the relative humidity was 75-90%.

[0050] Observe the seedlings every day, replenish the evaporated water and nutrient solution, and maintain the culture conditions within a stable range. After 60 days of cultivation, measure various indicators of the Avicennia marina seedlings. Figure 3 It can be seen that optimizing salinity conditions has a significant effect on the plant height and leaf number of Avicennia marina. Among them, under a salinity of 10‰, the specific growth rate of plant height and the number of leaves increased the most, which is most beneficial to the growth of Avicennia marina.

[0051] Example 3 Temperature screening for hydroponic culture of Avicennia marina seedlings

[0052] The temperature conditions of the hydroponic nutrient solution for Avicennia marina seedlings were set at 26, 28, 30, 32, and 34°C, the indoor temperature was 26-34°C, the salinity was 0‰, the amount of organic fertilizer applied was 60 mg / L, the pH of the water body itself was about 7, and the relative humidity was 75-90%.

[0053] Observe the seedlings every day, replenish the evaporated water and nutrient solution, and maintain the culture conditions within a stable range. After 60 days of cultivation, measure various indicators of the Avicennia marina seedlings. Figure 4 It can be seen that when the nutrient solution temperature is 32℃, the specific growth rate and leaf growth number of Avicennia marina are the largest, indicating that the optimized temperature conditions have a significant effect on the growth of Avicennia marina.

[0054] Example 4 pH screening of Avicennia marina seedlings in hydroponic culture

[0055] The pH conditions of hydroponic culture of Avicennia marina seedlings were set at 6, 7, 8, and 9, the indoor temperature was 26-34°C, the salinity was 0‰, the application amount of organic fertilizer was 60 mg / L, and the relative humidity was 75-90%.

[0056] Observe the seedlings every day, replenish the evaporated water and nutrient solution, and maintain the culture conditions within a stable range. After 60 days of cultivation, measure various indicators of the Avicennia marina seedlings. Figure 5 It can be seen that the pH value of 7 to 8 has a greater impact on Avicennia marina, at which time the plant height growth and leaf number growth of Avicennia marina are the largest.

[0057] Example 5 Screening of Compound Fertilizer Concentration for Hydroponic Culture of Avicennia marina Seedlings

[0058] The hydroponic compound fertilizer conditions for Avicennia marina seedlings were set at 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 mg / L, the indoor temperature was 26-34°C, the salinity was 0‰, the pH of the water body itself was about 7, and the relative humidity was 75-90%.

[0059] Observe the seedlings every day, replenish the evaporated water and nutrient solution, and maintain the culture conditions within a stable range. After 60 days of cultivation, measure various indicators of the Avicennia marina seedlings. Figure 6It can be seen that when the application amount of compound fertilizer is 60-120 mg / L, the specific growth rate of plant height is larger, but the number of leaves increased is less at 60 mg / L. The application amount of Stanley compound fertilizer has a greater impact on the growth of plant height, but less impact on leaf growth.

[0060] Example 6 Screening of organic fertilizer concentration for hydroponic cultivation of Avicennia marina seedlings

[0061] The hydroponic organic fertilizer conditions for Avicennia marina seedlings were set at 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 mg / L, the indoor air temperature was 26-34°C, the salinity was 0‰, the pH of the water body itself was about 7, and the relative humidity was 75-90%.

[0062] Observe the seedlings every day, replenish the evaporated water and nutrient solution, and maintain the culture conditions within a stable range. After 60 days of cultivation, measure various indicators of the Avicennia marina seedlings. Figure 7 It can be seen that the plant height growth rate of Avicennia marina was the highest when the organic fertilizer concentration was 480 mg / L. High concentration of organic fertilizer nutrient solution can accelerate the growth of Avicennia marina plant height, but the effect is smaller than that of temperature, salinity and other conditions.

[0063] Example 7 Screening of Trace Element Concentrations in Hydroponic Culture of Avicennia marina Seedlings

[0064] The hydroponic trace element conditions for Avicennia marina seedlings were set at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 times, the indoor temperature was 26-34°C, the salinity was 0‰, the application amount of organic fertilizer was 60 mg / L, the pH was about 7 of the water body itself, and the relative humidity was 75-90%.

[0065] Observe the seedlings every day, replenish the evaporated water and nutrient solution, and maintain the culture conditions within a stable range. After 60 days of cultivation, measure various indicators of the Avicennia marina seedlings. Figure 8 It can be seen that when the concentration of trace elements is 2 times, the effect on Avicennia marina is the greatest, the plant height growth rate and leaf number are both optimal, and the plant height growth rate is 0.014 cm / d.

[0066] While determining the optimal nutrient solution, the inventors added medium and trace nutrients required by the plants to the optimal nutrient solution, which enabled the Avicennia marina seedlings to grow faster and better. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0067] Table 1 Effects of medium and trace elements on the growth of hydroponic Avicennia marina seedlings

[0068]

[0069] As can be seen from Table 1, after adding medium and trace nutrients to ordinary organic fertilizers, the plant height growth rate and leaf number of Avicennia marina seedlings were improved, which is more conducive to the growth of Avicennia marina seedlings.

[0070] The above examples describe the specific contents of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily make various changes and modifications to the contents of the present invention based on known principles. Therefore, the above examples do not represent the entire scope of patent protection of the present invention. Therefore, modifications based on the present invention that comply with the concepts defined in the claims are also within the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for hydroponic propagation of Avicennia marina seedlings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Seed treatment Wash and soak the Avicennia marina seeds, remove the seed coat, and discard unqualified seeds; select qualified seeds with full grains and uniform shape, disinfect them, and store them in the refrigerator for later use; (2) Seed germination Place a small amount of sand in the seedling tray, place the treated seeds in the tray, one seed per hole, apply nutrient solution to the tray, and wait for the seeds to germinate under normal light conditions; (3) Planting of seedlings When the roots of the Avicennia marina seedlings have stretched out and 2 to 4 true leaves have grown, remove the seedlings from the seedling tray, clean the sand and stones on the roots, transplant them to the planting board, and fix the stems with seedling cotton to ensure that the roots can all be exposed to the nutrient solution; (4) Seedling breeding Using LED plant lights as light sources, using hydroponic boxes for cultivation, adjusting the nutrient solution concentration, salinity, and temperature, the plants will reach transplanting standards after 60 to 90 days. The specific method of treating the seeds in step (1) is as follows: rinsing with clean water, soaking for 12 to 24 hours, and removing the seed coat of the seeds; soaking and disinfecting with 500-fold diluted carbendazim 50% wettable powder for 10 to 15 minutes; after rinsing with clean water, taking out the seeds, and soaking them with 500-fold diluted rooting water for 5 to 10 minutes, with the water temperature controlled at 20 to 25° C.; and preserving the seeds by putting the seeds into a sealed bag and placing them in a refrigerator, with the temperature adjusted to 10 to 15° C. The specific method of seed germination in step (2) is as follows: during the seed germination period, the ambient temperature is controlled at 26-34°C and the relative humidity is 75-90%; the environmental and nutritional conditions of the nutrient solution are as follows: the nutrient solution temperature is 30-32°C, the Stanley compound fertilizer concentration is 120 mg / L, the salinity is 5‰, the pH is 8-9, and the trace elements are 4 times the standard concentration. Evaporated water is replenished every day to keep the seed growth environment consistent; The specific method of planting the seedlings in step (3) is as follows: when the Avicennia marina seedlings are taken out from the seedling tray, damage to the root tissue is avoided; the hydroponic device is a hydroponic box; a foam board is used as a planting board; and the seedlings are fixed in the through holes of the foam board.

2. The hydroponic breeding method of Avicennia marina seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method for breeding the seedlings in step (4) is as follows: the ambient temperature is 26-34°C and the relative humidity is 75-90%; the water environment temperature is kept stable, and an air pump is used to keep the hydroponic box oxygenated.

3. The hydroponic breeding method of Avicennia marina seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environment of the nutrient solution in step (4) is: nutrient solution temperature: 30-32°C, pH: 7-8, and salinity: 5-15‰.

4. The hydroponic propagation method of Avicennia marina seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient solution in step (4) includes compound fertilizer with a concentration of 60 to 120 mg / L, wherein the N:P2O5:K2O ratio of the compound fertilizer is 15:15:15, and the total nutrients are ≥45%.

5. The hydroponic propagation method of Avicennia marina seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient solution in step (4) includes organic fertilizer at a concentration of 120 to 480 mg / L; the total nutrients in the organic fertilizer are: N+P2O5+K2O≥5.2%, and the organic matter content is ≥52%.

6. The hydroponic propagation method for Avicennia marina seedlings according to any one of claims 1, 4, and 5, characterized in that: The nutrient solution in step (4) further includes trace elements, and the amount of trace elements applied is 2 times the concentration; wherein the concentration of 1 times the trace elements is: H3BO3 is 2.860 mg / L, MnSO4 is 1.015 mg / L, CuSO4·5H2O is 0.079 mg / L, ZnSO4·7H2O is 0.220 mg / L, H2M O O4 is 0.090 mg / L, iron salt is FeSO4·7H2O is 5.57 mg / L, and EDTA~Na2 is 7.45 mg / L.

7. The hydroponic propagation method of Avicennia marina seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light source in step (4) is an LED plant lamp with a light quality of R / B / G = 3:1:1, a light duration of 12 h / d, and a light intensity of 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 .

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