A sound-absorbing interior decoration material and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a sound-absorbing interior decoration material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the sound-absorbing interior decoration material comprises the following steps: Step (1): Using silicon dioxide, absolute ethanol, deionized water, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and phytic acid aqueous solution as raw materials to obtain composite microspheres; Step (2): Ultrasonically dispersing the composite microspheres in deionized water, adding mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel for soaking and stirring, and drying to obtain a sound-absorbing interior decoration material. The prepared mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofibers have excellent sound-absorbing ability, and the obtained composite microspheres have excellent flame retardant effect. Combining the two as an interior decoration material can reduce noise by 80%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of interior decoration materials, and particularly relates to a sound-absorbing interior decoration material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the pursuit of the quality of the living environment by people, sound absorption has become an increasingly important functional requirement in interior decoration. In modern buildings, the noise problem is becoming more and more prominent. For example, noises generated from neighbors, traffic, equipment, etc. seriously affect people's quality of life. Therefore, researching an interior decoration material with excellent sound absorption performance is of great significance for improving the comfort and quietness of the living environment.

[0003] Patent CN 112708226 B proposes a sound-absorbing and noise-reducing interior decoration material, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 - 50 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin, 7 - 12 parts of styrene-methylstyrene copolymer, 2 - 3.5 parts of reinforcing fiber, 6 - 10 parts of plasticizer, 0.8 - 1.3 parts of antioxidant, and 1.5 - 2 parts of stabilizer. Its preparation method is: premix and stir the raw materials to obtain a mixture, then open mill to obtain an open-milled sheet, and then carry out vulcanization molding to obtain the sound-absorbing and noise-reducing interior decoration material, which has improved the impact resistance of polyvinyl chloride resin and maintained good sound-absorbing and noise-reducing ability. However, there is still room for improvement in the sound absorption ability and flame retardant ability of this interior decoration material. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a sound-absorbing interior decoration material and a preparation method thereof, which are used to solve the technical problems of poor sound absorption effect and flame retardant effect of interior decoration materials in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a sound-absorbing interior decoration material, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 22.4 - 31.7 parts of mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel; 0.1 - 0.9 part of silicon dioxide; 0.8 - 1.2 parts of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; 4.8 - 5.2 parts of phytic acid aqueous solution, and 10 - 13 parts of absolute ethanol.

[0007] Preferably, the preparation method of the mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel includes the following steps:

[0008] S1: Dissolve aluminum chloride hexahydrate in deionized water and divide it into two equal parts on average. After adding oxalic acid to one part and stirring well, add aluminum isopropoxide uniformly and stir until the dispersion is completely clear and transparent to obtain an aluminum sol. Drop tetraethyl orthosilicate into the other part uniformly and stir well, then add oxalic acid and stir well. Finally, add aluminum isopropoxide uniformly and stir until the dispersion is completely clear and transparent to obtain a mullite sol.

[0009] S2: Mix the obtained aluminum sol and mullite sol, add magnesium chloride and stir until completely dissolved. Finally, add an aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide and ethanol and mix and stir to obtain a biphasic sol.

[0010] S3: Place the obtained biphasic sol in a vacuum drying oven to evacuate and remove the bubbles in the biphasic sol. Transfer the biphasic sol to the cartridge of a 3D printer for printing to obtain a biphasic wet gel, and freeze-dry to obtain a mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel.

[0011] In the above process, the synthesis process of the aluminum sol is as follows:

[0012]

[0013] The synthesis process of the mullite sol is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] The obtained mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel has excellent sound absorption performance. The nanofibers in the aerogel have a good scattering effect on sound waves, making the sound waves continuously weakened and scattered during propagation and difficult to propagate directly, thus achieving the sound absorption effect; the porous structure contained in the aerogel provides a large number of propagation paths for sound waves. In these paths, the sound wave energy is absorbed by the air molecules and interfaces in the pores, further consuming the sound energy; at the same time, mullite and aluminum oxide have high thermal conductivity and internal friction, which can convert the sound energy into heat energy and dissipate it quickly, enhancing the sound absorption effect of the material. The 3D printing technology is to stack materials layer by layer. The wet gel can be printed layer by layer according to a pre-designed model to form the required shape and structure. Using the 3D printing technology can accurately control the deposition of materials, avoid waste of materials, and this technology can achieve automated production and quickly manufacture prototypes to meet the needs of different applications.

[0016] Preferably, in S1, the purity of aluminum chlorohexahydrate is 98%, the purity of oxalic acid is 98%, the purity of aluminum isopropoxide is 99%, and the mass ratio of aluminum chlorohexahydrate, aluminum isopropoxide, oxalic acid and deionized water is (7.1-7.4): (15.1-15.5): (0.08-0.12): (28-32). Oxalic acid is added and stirred for 30-40 seconds, aluminum isopropoxide is added and stirred for 8-10 hours, and silicon is prepared. The purity of tetraethyl orthosilicate is 98%, and the mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, aluminum isopropoxide, oxalic acid and deionized water is (7.1-7.3): (7.1-7.4): (15.1-15.5): (0.08-0.12): (28-32). After adding tetraethyl orthosilicate, the stirring time is 5-7 minutes, adding oxalic acid and stirring for 20-40 seconds, adding aluminum isopropoxide and stirring for 7-9 hours.

[0017] Preferably, in S2, the dosage ratio of aluminum sol, mullite sol, magnesium chloride, polyethylene oxide aqueous solution and ethanol is (18-20):(4-7):(0.8-1.1):(2-2.2):(4-7), the average molecular weight of polyethylene oxide is 400000, and the mixing and stirring time is 4-5h.

[0018] Preferably, in S3, the vacuuming time is 5-8 minutes, and during the printing process, the G-code is obtained by interacting with the 3D Studio Max software and the Gesim Robotics software, and the X, Y and Z axes of the printer nozzle are adjusted to realize printing of different models. A -10°C cold plate is selected to assist printing, the nozzle diameter is 0.6 μm, the nozzle movement speed is 7 mm / s, the line spacing is 1.60 mm, the printing pressure is 30 kPa, the freeze-drying temperature is -59°C, the pressure is 8 Pa, and the time is 48 hours.

[0019] Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0020] Step (1): dispersing silicon dioxide in a mixed solution of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, slowly dropping 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane into the mixed solution, heating and stirring, centrifuging, and drying, ultrasonically dispersing the dried product in anhydrous ethanol to obtain a dispersion system 1, dissolving a phytic acid aqueous solution in a mixed solution of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, adding the phytic acid aqueous solution to the dispersion system 1, stirring, centrifuging, and drying to obtain composite microspheres;

[0021] Step (2): ultrasonically dispersing the composite microspheres in deionized water, adding mullite / alumina multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel, soaking and stirring, and drying to obtain a sound-absorbing interior decoration material.

[0022] In the above process, the synthesis process of composite microspheres is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] The obtained composite microspheres are attached to the mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel, endowing it with multiple flame retardant effects. When encountering high temperature, silica will form a glassy substance, which can cover the surface of the combustible material, isolate the air, and play a flame retardant role. Phytic acid contains multiple phosphate groups and has strong antioxidant ability, which can capture free radicals and inhibit the oxidation reaction during combustion. Moreover, the composite microspheres can form a dense covering layer to prevent oxygen from entering the combustion area, thereby reducing the combustion reaction step by step.

[0025] Preferably, in the step (1), the heating temperature is 70 - 80 °C, the stirring time is 20 - 30 h, the centrifugation speed is 8000 - 10000 rpm, the centrifugation time is 10 - 15 min, the drying temperature is 100 - 120 °C, the drying time is 4 - 6 h, the ultrasonic dispersion time is 20 - 30 min, the stirring temperature is 60 - 70 °C, the stirring time is 10 - 12 h, the drying temperature is 70 - 80 °C, and the drying time is 12 - 14 h.

[0026] Preferably, in the step (2), the ultrasonic dispersion time is 5 - 10 min, the soaking time is 10 - 12 h, the drying temperature is 70 - 80 °C, and the drying time is 8 - 10 h.

[0027] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. The present invention first uses 3D printing technology to convert the biphasic sol into a biphasic wet gel, and then converts the biphasic wet gel into an aerogel by vacuum freeze-drying method, and fixes the silica-phytic acid composite microspheres in the aerogel. The obtained composite material is used as an indoor decoration material, which has the advantages of excellent sound absorption, flame retardancy and controllable shape.

[0029] 2. The present invention uses aluminum chloride hexahydrate, oxalic acid, aluminum isopropoxide and tetraethyl orthosilicate as raw materials, and obtains aluminum sol and mullite sol through hydrolysis-polycondensation. 3D printing technology is used to convert the biphasic sol into a wet gel, and then it is converted into an aerogel material by vacuum freeze-drying. The nanofibers in the aerogel can effectively scatter sound waves, making the sound waves gradually weakened during propagation and difficult to directly propagate. Moreover, the porous structure contained in the aerogel structure provides numerous propagation paths for sound waves. In these paths, the sound wave energy is absorbed by the air molecules and interfaces in the pores, further consuming the sound energy, so that the prepared aerogel material can be used as an indoor decoration material to achieve the purpose of sound absorption.

[0030] 3. In the present invention, silica, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and phytic acid are used as raw materials to prepare composite microspheres. When the composite microspheres encounter a high-temperature environment, the silica will form a vitreous substance, effectively covering the surface of the combustible material, isolating the air, significantly enhancing the flame retardancy effect, and the multiple phosphoric acid groups contained in phytic acid can effectively capture free radicals, inhibit the oxidation reaction during combustion, and enhance the flame retardancy effect of the composite microspheres. Detailed implementation mode

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] This example discloses a preparation method of mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel, including the following steps:

[0034] S1: Dissolve 14.5 g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate with a purity of 98% in 60 g of deionized water, divide it into two equal parts. Add 0.1 g of oxalic acid with a purity of 98% to one part, stir well for 30 s, then add 15.3 g of aluminum isopropoxide with a purity of 99% at a constant speed and stir well for 8 h until the dispersion liquid is completely clear and transparent to obtain an aluminum sol. Drop 7.2 g of tetraethyl orthosilicate with a purity of 98% into the other part at a constant speed and stir well for 7 min, then add 0.1 g of oxalic acid with a purity of 98% and stir well for 30 s. Finally, add 15.3 g of aluminum isopropoxide with a purity of 98% at a constant speed and stir well for 9 h until the dispersion liquid is completely clear and transparent to obtain a mullite sol.

[0035] S2: Mix the obtained 19 g of aluminum sol and 5.5 g of mullite sol, add 0.95 g of magnesium chloride and stir until completely dissolved. Finally, add 2.1 g of an aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide with an average molecular weight of 400,000 and 5.5 g of ethanol, mix and stir for 5 h to obtain a biphasic sol.

[0036] S3: Place the obtained biphasic sol in a vacuum drying oven and evacuate it for 6 min to remove the bubbles in the biphasic sol. Transfer the biphasic sol to the barrel of a 3D printer for printing. During the printing process, use 3D Studio Max software and Gesim Robotics software to interact to obtain G-code, adjust the X, Y, and Z axes of the printer nozzle to achieve different model printing, select a cold plate at -10°C to assist in printing, with a nozzle diameter of 0.6 μm, a nozzle movement speed of 7 mm / s, a line spacing of 1.60 mm, and a printing pressure of 30 kPa to obtain a biphasic wet gel. The freeze-drying temperature is -59°C, the pressure is 8 Pa, and the time is 48 h to obtain a mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel.

[0037] This example discloses an indoor decorative material with sound absorption, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 27 g of mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel; 0.4 g of silica; 1.0 g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; 5 g of phytic acid aqueous solution, and 11.5 g of absolute ethanol.

[0038] This example discloses a preparation method of an indoor decorative material with sound absorption, including the following steps:

[0039] Step (1): Disperse silica in a mixed solution of absolute ethanol and deionized water, slowly drop 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane into the mixed solution, heat and stir at 80°C for 24 h, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 15 min, dry at 100°C for 5 h, ultrasonically disperse the dried product in absolute ethanol for 30 min to obtain dispersion system 1. Dissolve the phytic acid aqueous solution in a mixed solution of absolute ethanol and deionized water, add it to dispersion system 1, stir at 70°C for 12 h, centrifuge, and dry at 70°C for 12 h to obtain composite microspheres;

[0040] Step (2): Ultrasonically disperse the composite microspheres in deionized water for 10 min, add the mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel, soak and stir for 12 h, and dry at 70°C for 10 h to obtain the indoor decorative material with sound absorption.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] This example discloses a preparation method of a mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel, including the following steps:

[0043] S1: Dissolve 14.3 g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate with a purity of 98% in 58 g of deionized water, and divide it into two equal parts on average. Add 0.09 g of oxalic acid with a purity of 98% to one part, stir well for 30 s, and then add 15.15 g of aluminum isopropoxide with a purity of 99% at a constant speed and stir for 8 h until the dispersion liquid becomes completely clear and transparent to obtain an aluminum sol. Drop 7.15 g of tetraethyl orthosilicate with a purity of 98% into the other part at a constant speed and stir well for 7 min, then add 0.115 g of oxalic acid with a purity of 98% and stir well for 30 s. Finally, add 15.2 g of aluminum isopropoxide with a purity of 98% at a constant speed and stir for 9 h until the dispersion liquid becomes completely clear and transparent to obtain a mullite sol;

[0044] S2: Mix the obtained 18.5 g of aluminum sol and 4.5 g of mullite sol, add 0.85 g of magnesium chloride and stir until completely dissolved. Finally, add 2.2 g of an aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide with an average molecular weight of 400000 and 4.5 g of ethanol and stir for 5 h to obtain a biphasic sol;

[0045] S3: Place the obtained biphasic sol in a vacuum drying oven and evacuate for 6 min to remove the bubbles in the biphasic sol. Transfer the biphasic sol to the cartridge of a 3D printer for printing. During the printing process, use 3D Studio Max software and GesimRobotics software to interact to obtain G-code, adjust the X, Y, and Z axes of the printer nozzle to achieve different model printing. Select a cold plate at -10°C to assist in printing. The nozzle diameter is 0.6 μm, the nozzle movement speed is 7 mm / s, the line spacing is 1.60 mm, and the printing pressure is 30 kPa to obtain a biphasic wet gel. The freeze-drying temperature is -59°C, the pressure is 8 Pa, and the time is 48 h to obtain a mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel.

[0046] This example discloses an indoor decorative material with sound absorption properties, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 g of mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel; 0.5 g of silica; 0.8 g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; 4.9 g of an aqueous solution of phytic acid, 10.5 g of absolute ethanol.

[0047] The preparation method of the indoor decorative material with sound absorption properties in this example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] This example discloses a preparation method of a mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel, which includes the following steps:

[0050] S1: Dissolve 14.7 g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate with a purity of 98% in 62 g of deionized water, and divide it into two equal parts. Add 0.11 g of oxalic acid with a purity of 98% to one part, stir well for 30 s, and then uniformly add 15.45 g of aluminum isopropoxide with a purity of 99%. Stir for 8 h until the dispersion is completely clear and transparent to obtain an aluminum sol. Drop 7.25 g of tetraethyl orthosilicate with a purity of 98% into the other part uniformly and stir well for 7 min. Then add 0.085 g of oxalic acid with a purity of 98% and stir well for 30 s. Finally, uniformly add 15.4 g of aluminum isopropoxide with a purity of 98% and stir for 9 h until the dispersion is completely clear and transparent to obtain a mullite sol.

[0051] S2: Mix the obtained 19.5 g of aluminum sol and 6.5 g of mullite sol, add 1.05 g of magnesium chloride and stir until completely dissolved. Finally, add 2 g of an aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide with an average molecular weight of 400000 and 6.5 g of ethanol, and stir for 5 h to obtain a biphasic sol.

[0052] S3: Place the obtained biphasic sol in a vacuum drying oven and evacuate for 6 min to remove the bubbles in the biphasic sol. Transfer the biphasic sol to the cartridge of a 3D printer for printing. During the printing process, use 3D Studio Max software and GesimRobotics software to interact to obtain G-code, adjust the X, Y, and Z axes of the printer nozzle to achieve different model printing. Select a cold plate at -10 °C to assist printing. The nozzle diameter is 0.6 μm, the nozzle moving speed is 7 mm / s, the line spacing is 1.60 mm, and the printing pressure is 30 kPa to obtain a biphasic wet gel. The freeze-drying temperature is -59 °C, the pressure is 8 Pa, and the time is 48 h to obtain a mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel.

[0053] This example discloses an indoor decorative material with sound absorption, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 29 g of mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel; 0.45 g of silica; 1.2 g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; 5.1 g of an aqueous solution of phytic acid, 12.5 g of absolute ethanol.

[0054] The preparation method of the indoor decorative material with sound absorption in this example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] This example discloses a preparation method of a mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel, including the following steps:

[0057] S1: Dissolve 14.4 g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate with a purity of 98% in 57 g of deionized water, and divide it into two equal parts. Add 0.095 g of oxalic acid with a purity of 98% to one part, stir well for 30 s, and then slowly add 15.2 g of aluminum isopropoxide with a purity of 99% and stir well for 8 h until the dispersion is completely clear and transparent to obtain an aluminum sol. Drop 7.1 g of tetraethyl orthosilicate with a purity of 98% into the other part at a constant speed and stir well for 7 min, then add 0.105 g of oxalic acid with a purity of 98% and stir well for 30 s. Finally, slowly add 15.25 g of aluminum isopropoxide with a purity of 98% and stir well for 9 h until the dispersion is completely clear and transparent to obtain a mullite sol;

[0058] S2: Mix the obtained 18 g of aluminum sol and 4 g of mullite sol, add 0.8 g of magnesium chloride and stir until completely dissolved. Finally, add 2.05 g of an aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide with an average molecular weight of 400000 and 5 g of ethanol, and stir for 5 h to obtain a biphasic sol;

[0059] S3: Place the obtained biphasic sol in a vacuum drying oven and evacuate for 6 min to remove the bubbles in the biphasic sol. Transfer the biphasic sol to the cartridge of a 3D printer for printing. During the printing process, use 3D Studio Max software and GesimRobotics software to interact to obtain G-code, adjust the X, Y, and Z axes of the printer nozzle to achieve different model printing. Select a cold plate at -10 °C to assist printing. The nozzle diameter is 0.6 μm, the nozzle moving speed is 7 mm / s, the line spacing is 1.60 mm, and the printing pressure is 30 kPa to obtain a biphasic wet gel. The freeze-drying temperature is -59 °C, the pressure is 8 Pa, and the time is 48 h to obtain a mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel.

[0060] This example discloses an indoor decorative material with sound absorption properties, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 23 g of mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel; 0.3 g of silica; 1.1 g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; 4.85 g of an aqueous solution of phytic acid, 11 g of absolute ethanol.

[0061] The preparation method of the indoor decorative material with sound absorption properties in this example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0062] Example 5

[0063] This example discloses a preparation method of mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel, including the following steps:

[0064] S1: Dissolve 14.6 g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate with a purity of 98% in 63 g of deionized water, and divide it into two equal parts on average. Add 0.115 g of oxalic acid with a purity of 98% to one part, stir well for 30 s, and then uniformly add 15.4 g of aluminum isopropoxide with a purity of 99% and stir well for 8 h until the dispersion is completely clear and transparent to obtain an aluminum sol. Drop 7.3 g of tetraethyl orthosilicate with a purity of 98% into the other part at a uniform speed and stir well for 7 min, then add 0.095 g of oxalic acid with a purity of 98% and stir well for 30 s. Finally, uniformly add 15.45 g of aluminum isopropoxide with a purity of 98% and stir well for 9 h until the dispersion is completely clear and transparent to obtain a mullite sol;

[0065] S2: Mix the obtained 20 g of aluminum sol and 7 g of mullite sol, add 1.1 g of magnesium chloride and stir until completely dissolved. Finally, add 2.15 g of an aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide with an average molecular weight of 400,000 and 6 g of ethanol and mix and stir for 5 h to obtain a biphasic sol;

[0066] S3: Place the obtained biphasic sol in a vacuum drying oven and evacuate for 6 min to remove the bubbles in the biphasic sol. Transfer the biphasic sol to the barrel of a 3D printer for printing. During the printing process, use 3D Studio Max software and GesimRobotics software to interact to obtain G-code, adjust the X, Y, and Z axes of the printer nozzle to achieve different model printing, select a cold plate at -10°C to assist printing, the nozzle diameter is 0.6 μm, the nozzle moving speed is 7 mm / s, the line spacing is 1.60 mm, and the printing pressure is 30 kPa to obtain a biphasic wet gel. The freeze-drying temperature is -59°C, the pressure is 8 Pa, and the time is 48 h to obtain a mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel.

[0067] This example discloses a sound-absorbing interior decoration material, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 g of mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel; 0.7 g of silicon dioxide; 1.1 g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; 5.15 g of an aqueous solution of phytic acid, 12 g of absolute ethanol.

[0068] The preparation method of the sound-absorbing interior decoration material in this example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0069] Example 6

[0070] This example discloses a preparation method of a mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel, which includes the following steps:

[0071] S1: Dissolve 14.2 g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate with a purity of 98% in 60 g of deionized water, and divide it into two equal parts on average. Add 0.105 g of oxalic acid with a purity of 98% to one part, stir well for 30 s, and then add 15.25 g of aluminum isopropoxide with a purity of 99% at a constant speed and stir for 8 h until the dispersion is completely clear and transparent to obtain an aluminum sol. Drop 7.25 g of tetraethyl orthosilicate with a purity of 98% into the other part at a constant speed and stir well for 7 min, then add 0.115 g of oxalic acid with a purity of 98% and stir well for 30 s. Finally, add 15.2 g of aluminum isopropoxide with a purity of 98% at a constant speed and stir for 9 h until the dispersion is completely clear and transparent to obtain a mullite sol;

[0072] S2: Mix the obtained 18.7 g of aluminum sol and 6 g of mullite sol, add 0.97 g of magnesium chloride and stir until completely dissolved. Finally, add 2.105 g of an aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide with an average molecular weight of 400000 and 5.8 g of ethanol and stir for 5 h to obtain a biphasic sol;

[0073] S3: Place the obtained biphasic sol in a vacuum drying oven and evacuate for 6 min to remove the bubbles in the biphasic sol. Transfer the biphasic sol to the barrel of a 3D printer for printing. During the printing process, use 3D Studio Max software and GesimRobotics software to interact to obtain G-code, adjust the X, Y, and Z axes of the printer nozzle to achieve different model printing. Select a cold plate at -10°C to assist in printing, the nozzle diameter is 0.6 μm, the nozzle moving speed is 7 mm / s, the line spacing is 1.60 mm, and the printing pressure is 30 kPa to obtain a biphasic wet gel. The freeze-drying temperature is -59°C, the pressure is 8 Pa, and the time is 48 h to obtain a mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel.

[0074] This example discloses an indoor decorative material with sound absorption, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 28 g of mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel; 0.6 g of silica; 1.05 g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; 5.05 g of an aqueous solution of phytic acid, 11.8 g of absolute ethanol.

[0075] The preparation method of the indoor decorative material with sound absorption in this example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0076] Comparative Example 1

[0077] Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 1, during the preparation of the mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel, aluminum chloride hexahydrate is not added, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0078] Comparative Example 2

[0079] Comparative Example 2 is compared with Example 1. In the process of preparing the composite microspheres in Comparative Example 2, silica is not added, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0080] Experimental Example

[0081] The performance of the sound-absorbing interior decoration materials prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was tested.

[0082] I. Sound Absorption Capacity Test

[0083] The obtained samples were pasted indoors, the doors and windows were closed to make the room in a sealed environment, and then noise was generated outdoors. The noise in the sealed environment was measured with a multi-functional sound level meter (AWA6292, Hangzhou Aihua Instrument Co., Ltd.), and the reduction rate of the noise before and after pasting the samples was calculated. The test results are shown in Table 1:

[0084] Table 1

[0085]

[0086] As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, the sound-absorbing interior decoration materials prepared in Examples 1-6 of the present invention have excellent sound absorption capacity. By comparing Comparative Example 1 with Examples 1-6, it can be seen that adding aluminum chloride hexahydrate can effectively improve the sound absorption capacity of the interior decoration materials; by comparing Comparative Example 2 with Examples 1-6, it can be seen that adding silica can improve the sound absorption capacity of the interior decoration materials.

[0087] II. Flame Retardant Capacity Test

[0088] The obtained samples were placed vertically, and a flame was applied to observe their combustion situation, and the combustion distance was measured. The test results are shown in Table 2:

[0089] Table 2

[0090]

[0091] As can be seen from the test results in Table 2, the sound-absorbing interior decoration materials prepared in Examples 1-6 of the present invention have excellent flame retardant performance. By comparing Comparative Example 1 with Examples 1-6, it can be seen that adding aluminum chloride hexahydrate can improve the flame retardant performance of the interior decoration materials; by comparing Comparative Example 2 with Examples 1-6, it can be seen that adding silica can effectively improve the flame retardant performance of the interior decoration materials.

[0092] As mentioned above, the above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0093] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to only the specific embodiments. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made according to the content of this specification. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this specification in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the present invention. The present invention is only limited by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An indoor decorative material capable of sound absorption, characterized in that, Prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 22.4 - 31.7 parts of mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel; 0.1 - 0.9 part of silica; 0.8 - 1.2 parts of 3 - aminopropyltriethoxysilane; 4.8 - 5.2 parts of phytic acid aqueous solution, 10 - 13 parts of absolute ethanol; The preparation method of the mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel includes the following steps: S1: Dissolve aluminum chloride hexahydrate in deionized water and divide it into two equal parts. Add oxalic acid to one part and stir well, then add aluminum isopropoxide dropwise at a constant speed and stir until the dispersion is completely clear and transparent to obtain an aluminum sol. Drop tetraethyl orthosilicate into the other part at a constant speed and stir well, then add oxalic acid and stir well. Finally, add aluminum isopropoxide dropwise at a constant speed and stir until the dispersion is completely clear and transparent to obtain a mullite sol; S2: Mix the obtained aluminum sol and mullite sol, add magnesium chloride and stir until completely dissolved. Finally, add polyethylene oxide aqueous solution and ethanol and mix and stir to obtain a biphasic sol; S3: Place the obtained biphasic sol in a vacuum drying oven to evacuate and remove the bubbles in the biphasic sol. Transfer the biphasic sol to the cartridge of a 3D printer for printing to obtain a biphasic wet gel, and freeze - dry to obtain mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel; The preparation method of the sound - absorbable interior decoration material includes the following steps: Step (1): Disperse silica in a mixed solution of absolute ethanol and deionized water, slowly drop 3 - aminopropyltriethoxysilane into the mixed solution, heat and stir, centrifuge, dry. Ultrasonically disperse the dried product in absolute ethanol to obtain dispersion system 1. Dissolve phytic acid aqueous solution in a mixed solution of absolute ethanol and deionized water, add it to dispersion system 1, stir, centrifuge, and dry to obtain composite microspheres; Step (2): Ultrasonically disperse the composite microspheres in deionized water, add mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel and soak and stir. After drying, obtain the sound - absorbable interior decoration material.

2. The sound-absorbing interior decoration material according to claim 1, wherein In the above - mentioned S1, the purity of aluminum chloride hexahydrate is 98%, the purity of oxalic acid is 98%, the purity of aluminum isopropoxide is 99%. The mass ratio of aluminum chloride hexahydrate, aluminum isopropoxide, oxalic acid and deionized water is (7.1 - 7.4):(15.1 - 15.5):(0.08 - 0.12):(28 - 32). Stir well for 30 - 40 s after adding oxalic acid, stir for 8 - 10 h after adding aluminum isopropoxide. The purity of tetraethyl orthosilicate is 98%. The mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, aluminum isopropoxide, oxalic acid and deionized water is (7.1 - 7.3):(7.1 - 7.4):(15.1 - 15.5):(0.08 - 0.12):(28 - 32). Stir for 5 - 7 min after adding tetraethyl orthosilicate, stir well for 20 - 40 s after adding oxalic acid, and stir for 7 - 9 h after adding aluminum isopropoxide.

3. The sound-absorbable interior decoration material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the dosage ratio of aluminum sol, mullite sol, magnesium chloride, polyethylene oxide aqueous solution and ethanol is (18 - 20):(4 - 7):(0.8 - 1.1):(2 - 2.2):(4 - 7), the average molecular weight of polyethylene oxide is 400,000, and the mixing and stirring time is 4 - 5 h.

4. The sound-absorbing interior decoration material according to claim 1, wherein In S3, the vacuum pumping time is 5 - 8 min. During the printing process, G-code is obtained by the interaction of 3D Studio Max software and Gesim Robotics software. The X, Y and Z axes of the printer nozzle are adjusted to achieve different model printing. A cold plate at -10 °C is selected to assist printing. The nozzle diameter is 0.6 μm, the nozzle moving speed is 7 mm / s, the line spacing is 1.60 mm, the printing pressure is 30 kPa, the freeze-drying temperature is -59 °C, the pressure is 8 Pa, and the time is 48 h.

5. A preparation method of a sound-absorbing interior decoration material as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The described preparation method includes the following steps: Step (1): Disperse silica in a mixed solution of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water. Slowly drop 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane into the mixed solution, heat and stir, centrifuge, and dry. Ultrasonically disperse the dried product in anhydrous ethanol to obtain dispersion system 1. Dissolve an aqueous solution of phytic acid in a mixed solution of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and add it to dispersion system 1, stir, centrifuge, and dry to obtain composite microspheres. Step (2): Ultrasonically disperse the composite microspheres in deionized water, add mullite / aluminum oxide multiphase ceramic nanofiber aerogel for soaking and stirring, and dry to obtain a sound-absorbing interior decoration material.

6. The preparation method of the sound-absorbable interior decoration material according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (1), the heating temperature is 70 - 80 °C, the stirring time is 20 - 30 h, the centrifugation speed is 8000 - 10000 rpm, the centrifugation time is 10 - 15 min, the drying temperature is 100 - 120 °C, the drying time is 4 - 6 h, the ultrasonic dispersion time is 20 - 30 min, the stirring temperature is 60 - 70 °C, the stirring time is 10 - 12 h, the drying temperature is 70 - 80 °C, and the drying time is 12 - 14 h.

7. The preparation method of the sound-absorbable interior decoration material according to claim 5, wherein In step (2), the ultrasonic dispersion time is 5 - 10 min, the soaking time is 10 - 12 h, the drying temperature is 70 - 80 °C, and the drying time is 8 - 10 h.

Images