A buried stability monitoring device applied to a heat supply pipeline and a method thereof

Abstract

This application discloses a device and method for monitoring the direct burial stability of heating pipelines, which can effectively monitor and provide early warning of the direct burial stability of heating pipelines in real time. The device includes a pipeline installation kit, with one kit installed at each monitoring point of the heating pipeline. Each kit is equipped with a pressure sensor, an inclination sensor, a UWB tag, and a power supply module. The pressure sensor acquires the overburden pressure data at the monitoring point, and the inclination sensor acquires the pipeline inclination data. The UWB tag generates and transmits a UWB signal based on the overburden pressure and inclination data. A UWB base station receives the UWB signals transmitted by adjacent UWB tags, timestamps the UWB signals, and uploads the UWB signals and their timestamps to a cloud platform. The cloud platform is used to analyze and determine the direct burial stability of the heating pipeline based on the data uploaded from multiple UWB base stations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of heating pipeline monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a direct-buried stability monitoring device and method for heating pipelines. Background Technology

[0002] Long-distance heating systems are vital engineering projects for ensuring people's livelihoods, typically bearing the basic heating load of large areas. Therefore, the operational safety of large-diameter long-distance heating pipelines is particularly important. Because direct burial of pipelines has minimal environmental impact, low project cost, long service life, good energy efficiency, and short construction period, large-diameter long-distance heating pipelines generally adopt direct burial, employing direct burial without compensation technology. However, the heating pipelines must meet the technical requirements for direct burial without compensation during design, manufacturing, and construction, and the temperature, flow rate, and pressure of the hot water must be strictly controlled during operation to maintain the stability of the pipeline in the soil. Currently, most long-distance heating pipelines in China face challenges during construction, including tight budgets, inconsistent construction quality, rushed schedules, and harsh laying environments. Directly buried pipelines often fail to operate at their designed parameters. Furthermore, due to a lack of pipeline system monitoring methods, actual operating parameters are frequently determined based on operator experience. This often leads to localized instability and damage to the buried pipelines due to excessively high operating temperatures, resulting in heating interruptions. This not only causes large-scale economic losses but may also have serious consequences, such as impacting social stability, and increases the difficulty of maintaining and managing the heating system. To address this issue, existing technologies employ strain gauge monitoring of pipeline stress states. However, the feasibility and accuracy of this method are highly susceptible to high pipeline temperatures. Additionally, installing strain gauges on directly buried pipelines damages the outer protective layer and insulation layer, increasing operational risks. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a device and method for monitoring the stability of directly buried heating pipelines, in order to overcome at least one technical problem existing in the prior art.

[0004] The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines, wherein the heating pipeline includes a working pipe and an insulation layer and an outer protective layer wrapped around the working pipe from the inside out, and the direct-buried stability monitoring device includes:

[0006] A pipe installation kit is provided at each monitoring point of the heating pipe, and the pipe installation kit is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the outer protective layer.

[0007] Each of the aforementioned pipe mounting kits is equipped with a pressure sensor to acquire soil pressure data at the monitoring point.

[0008] Each of the aforementioned pipe mounting kits is equipped with one tilt sensor to acquire pipe tilt angle data at the monitoring point.

[0009] Each of the aforementioned pipe installation kits is equipped with a UWB (Ultra Wide Band) tag. The UWB tag is connected to the pressure sensor and the tilt sensor, and is used to receive the backfill pressure data transmitted by the pressure sensor and the pipe tilt angle data transmitted by the tilt sensor. Based on the backfill pressure data and the pipe tilt angle data, the tag generates and transmits a UWB signal.

[0010] Each of the pipe mounting kits is equipped with a power supply module, which is connected to the pressure sensor, the tilt sensor, and the UWB tag, and is used to supply power to the pressure sensor, the tilt sensor, and the UWB tag.

[0011] A UWB base station is used to receive the UWB signals transmitted by adjacent UWB tags and to time-stamp the UWB signals.

[0012] The cloud platform, whereby the UWB base stations upload the UWB signals and their marked time data, generates pipeline displacement data based on the UWB signals and their marked time data transmitted by multiple UWB base stations, and performs direct-buried stability analysis and determination of the heating pipeline based on the soil pressure data, pipeline inclination angle data, and pipeline displacement data obtained from real-time monitoring.

[0013] In this case, the UWB signal transmitted by each UWB tag is received by at least four UWB base stations that are not on the same plane.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the cloud platform generates pipeline displacement data based on the UWB signals transmitted by multiple UWB base stations and the time data marked thereon, and performs direct burial stability analysis and determination of the heating pipeline based on the soil pressure data, pipeline inclination angle data, and pipeline displacement data obtained through real-time monitoring. Specifically, this is used for:

[0015] The cloud platform calculates the distance difference between the UWB tag sending the UWB signal and any two of the four UWB base stations based on the time data of the tags of the four UWB base stations that receive the same UWB signal. It then calculates the coordinates of the UWB tag in the monitoring coordinate system based on multiple distance differences and monitors the changes in the obtained coordinates in real time to obtain the pipeline displacement data of the monitoring point where the UWB tag is located. When the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point within the transition section of the heating pipeline shows a trend of exceeding a first preset displacement value, the cloud platform issues a pipeline displacement warning. When the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point within the transition section of the heating pipeline exceeds the first preset displacement value, the cloud platform issues a pipeline displacement alarm. The first preset displacement value is the displacement value of the monitoring point along the pipeline direction on the heating pipeline.

[0016] The cloud platform will perform unit standardization processing on the real-time monitored soil pressure data. When the processed soil pressure data shows a trend of not exceeding the preset pressure value, the cloud platform will issue a pipeline soil pressure warning. When the processed soil pressure data is not greater than the preset pressure value, the cloud platform will issue a pipeline soil pressure alarm.

[0017] The cloud platform will perform unit standardization processing on the pipeline tilt angle data obtained in real time. When the processed pipeline tilt angle data shows a trend of angle change value being greater than the preset slope change value, the cloud platform will issue a pipeline tilt angle warning. When the angle change value of the processed pipeline tilt angle data is greater than the preset slope change value, the cloud platform will issue a pipeline tilt angle alarm.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, the formula for calculating the first preset displacement value is:

[0019] ΔS=Δr-Δr g

[0020] Where ΔS represents the first preset displacement value, Δr represents the elongation of the heating pipeline section, and Δr g This indicates the elongation of the transition section of the heating pipeline.

[0021] When the entire transition section of the heating pipeline operates in an elastic state, the elongation Δr of the pipeline section and the elongation Δr of the transition section of the heating pipeline are... g The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] When a section of the heating pipeline enters a plastic state during operation, the elongation Δr of the pipeline section and the elongation Δr of the transition section of the heating pipeline are... g The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0025]

[0026]

[0027] Where L represents the design length of the heating pipeline segment, and the design length L of the heating pipeline segment is greater than or equal to the maximum length G of the transition section of the straight pipe segment in the heating pipeline. max When, L takes the value G max α represents the coefficient of linear expansion of the pipe material; T Xman Indicates the highest temperature during the pipeline's operating cycle; T A E represents the set installation temperature of the pipeline; E represents the elastic modulus of the pipeline material; A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the working pipe wall; F represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the working pipe wall. min L represents the minimum frictional force per unit length of the pipe. H This represents the distance L from the monitoring point to the moving end of the pipeline. H ≥ Maximum length of transition section G in straight pipe section of heating pipeline max At that time, L H The value of is G max ;ΔT y G represents the yield temperature difference of the working tube; min This indicates the minimum length of the transition section in a straight pipe section of a heating pipeline.

[0028] In some embodiments of this application, when the heating pipeline is equipped with a compensator, the first preset displacement value does not exceed 90% of the maximum compensation amount of the compensator.

[0029] In some embodiments of this application, the cloud platform performs direct-buried stability analysis and determination of the heating pipeline based on the pipeline displacement data obtained through real-time monitoring, and is further used for:

[0030] When the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point in the transition section of the heating pipeline tends to exceed the second preset displacement value, and / or when the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point in any pipe section other than the transition section of the heating pipeline tends to exceed the third preset displacement value, the cloud platform will issue a pipeline displacement warning.

[0031] When the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point in the transition section of the heating pipeline exceeds the second preset displacement value, and / or when the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point in any pipe section other than the transition section of the heating pipeline exceeds the third preset displacement value, the cloud platform will issue a pipeline displacement alarm.

[0032] Wherein, the second preset displacement value is the displacement value of the monitoring point on the heating pipeline other than along the pipeline direction, and the third preset displacement value is the displacement value of the monitoring point in any direction on the heating pipeline. The second preset displacement value and the third preset displacement value are both taken as the sum of one percent of the error value of the UWB tag and the outer diameter value of the insulation layer.

[0033] In some embodiments of this application, the formula for calculating the preset pressure value is as follows:

[0034]

[0035] Where Q represents the preset pressure value, f c Indicates the initial deflection, δ s Indicates the safety factor. The value of E represents the maximum axial force in the heating pipe, and the value of I represents the elastic modulus of the pipe material. P This represents the moment of inertia of the cross-section of the working tube.

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, the cloud platform is also used to generate a digital twin model of the pipeline based on the design drawings of the heating pipeline and the initial coordinates of the UWB tag in the monitoring coordinate system, and to update and correct the digital twin model of the pipeline by real-time monitoring of the soil pressure data, the pipeline inclination data, and the pipeline displacement data; wherein, the design drawings include pipeline design data and environmental data.

[0037] In some embodiments of this application, the pipe installation kit is an arc-shaped plate structure, the inner diameter of the arc-shaped plate of the pipe installation kit is the same as the outer diameter of the outer protective layer, the pipe installation kit covers the outer side of the outer protective layer and is fixedly installed on the outer protective layer by self-tapping screws;

[0038] The line connecting the installation points of the pressure sensor and the tilt sensor to the center of the heating pipe is perpendicular to the ground, while the line connecting the installation points of the UWB tag and the power supply module to the center of the heating pipe is parallel to the ground.

[0039] In some embodiments of this application, a monitoring point is set at a preset interval range from the location of the state change point of the heating pipeline. The distance between any two adjacent monitoring points of the pipeline segment outside the preset interval range is within a preset distance range. The state change location includes the pipeline corner location, the longitudinal slope change location, and the calculated anchor point location. The preset interval range is 12m, and the preset distance range is 12–36m.

[0040] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a method for monitoring the stability of directly buried heating pipelines, applied to the directly buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines described in the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0041] The UWB tag acquires the soil pressure data of the monitoring point through a pressure sensor and the pipe inclination data of the monitoring point through an inclination sensor. The UWB tag receives the soil pressure data transmitted by the pressure sensor and the pipe inclination data transmitted by the inclination sensor, and generates and transmits a UWB signal based on the soil pressure data and the pipe inclination data.

[0042] UWB base stations receive UWB signals transmitted by adjacent UWB tags, time-stamp the UWB signals, and upload the UWB signals and their time-stamped data to a cloud platform; wherein, the UWB signals transmitted by each UWB tag are received by at least four UWB base stations that are not on the same plane.

[0043] The cloud platform generates pipeline displacement data based on the UWB signals transmitted by multiple UWB base stations and the time data marked thereon, and performs direct burial stability analysis and determination of the heating pipeline based on the soil pressure data, pipeline inclination data, and pipeline displacement data obtained from real-time monitoring.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application are as follows:

[0045] By using sensors to monitor the displacement of heating pipelines in the soil, the soil pressure, and the pipeline inclination angle in real time, the monitoring data is uploaded to a cloud platform. Digital twin technology is then used to display the laying status of the heating pipelines in the soil and perform real-time data calculations to analyze the stability of the directly buried pipelines in the soil, providing data support for pipeline operation. Furthermore, this directly buried stability monitoring device does not require damage to the outer protective layer and insulation layer of the heating pipeline, allowing for the fixed installation of each monitoring component at each monitoring point, significantly reducing the operational risks of the heating pipeline. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a heating pipeline at a monitoring point in a direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 2 This application provides a schematic diagram of the direct burial of a heating pipeline in a direct burial stability monitoring device for heating pipelines. In the diagram, A represents the transition section of the heating pipeline, B represents the anchoring section of the heating pipeline, a represents the pipe corner position, b represents the longitudinal slope change position, and c represents the calculated anchoring point position.

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of a direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines, provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0051] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the embodiments and drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0052] This application discloses a direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines, primarily used for monitoring the stability of large-diameter long-distance heating pipelines. During trial operation or load increase of a long-distance heating system, the temperature of the medium in the directly buried heating pipeline continuously rises, generating axial pressure. The presence of axial pressure causes the pipeline to tend to bulge in the axial or normal direction, resulting in pipe bending. While the surrounding soil exerts radial and axial restraint on the pipeline, it remains stable under normal environmental conditions. However, when the restraint of the surrounding soil decreases due to rising groundwater levels, soil erosion, or excavation, the pressurized pipeline loses stability in the area with the weakest lateral restraint. The pipeline then advances axially towards the unstable area, pushing aside the soil in the horizontal or vertical direction, causing deformation. Severe deformation can lead to pipeline damage and leakage, or even bending and bulging above the ground, causing damage to municipal roads. This application addresses this problem by installing a direct-buried stability monitoring device on the heating pipeline. The device primarily analyzes three factors: pipeline cover pressure, pipeline displacement, and pipeline inclination angle, to achieve monitoring and early warning of direct-buried stability. These are detailed below.

[0053] Figure 1 – Figure 3 This illustration shows a direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 – Figure 3 As shown, the heating pipeline 100 includes a working pipe 101 and an insulation layer 102 and an outer protective layer 103 wrapped around the working pipe 101 from the inside out. Multiple monitoring points 105 are set on the heating pipeline 100, and the overall direct burial stability of the pipeline is monitored by monitoring each monitoring point 105. The direct-buried stability monitoring device mainly includes: a pipeline installation kit 104, a pressure sensor 106, an inclination sensor 107, a UWB (Ultra Wide Band) tag 108, a power supply module 109, a UWB base station 110, and a cloud platform 111. By setting up the pipeline installation kit 104, pressure sensor 106, inclination sensor 107, and UWB tag 108 at each monitoring point 105, the device can collect and transmit pipeline-related signals at that monitoring point 105. The collected signals are then uploaded to the cloud platform 111 via the UWB base station 110. Simultaneously, the UWB tag 108 and the UWB base station 110 are used to locate each monitoring point 105. The cloud platform 111 performs real-time data calculations and analyzes the stability of the direct-buried pipeline in the soil, providing data support for the operation of the heating pipeline 100.

[0054] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 2As shown, a monitoring point 105 is set at a preset interval value between the heating pipeline 100 and the location of the state change point. Specifically, the state change locations include, but are not limited to, pipeline corner position a, longitudinal slope change position b, and calculated anchor point position c. Further, the preset interval value can be 12m, meaning that in this embodiment, a monitoring point 105 is set 12m before and after the special locations such as pipeline corner position a, longitudinal slope change position b, and calculated anchor point position c in the heating pipeline 100. This allows for focused monitoring of these special locations, ensuring real-time monitoring of the pipeline near these locations. In addition, the distance between any two adjacent monitoring points 105 in the heating pipeline 100, excluding the preset interval value range for the state change points, is within a preset distance range. Specifically, the preset distance range is 12–36m, ensuring that the monitoring and analysis of all sections of the heating pipeline 100 can be achieved through the setting of each monitoring point 105 while minimizing the number of monitoring points 105.

[0055] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 – Figure 3As shown, each monitoring point 105 of the heating pipeline 100 is equipped with a set of monitoring components. Each set of monitoring components includes, but is not limited to, a pipeline installation kit 104, a pressure sensor 106, an inclination sensor 107, a UWB tag 108, and a power supply module 109. Specifically, the pipeline installation kit 104 at monitoring point 105 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the outer protective layer 103, providing a fixed installation position for the other monitoring components at monitoring point 105. The pressure sensor 106 is used to obtain the soil pressure at monitoring point 105. According to the diagram, the tilt sensor 107 is used to acquire the pipe tilt angle data at monitoring point 105. The UWB tag 108 is wired to the pressure sensor 106 and the tilt sensor 107. The UWB tag 108 is used to receive the soil pressure data transmitted by the pressure sensor 106 and the pipe tilt angle data transmitted by the tilt sensor 107, and generates and transmits UWB signals based on the soil pressure data and pipe tilt angle data. Through the settings of the pressure sensor 106, the tilt sensor 107, and the UWB tag 108, the acquisition and transmission of pipe-related signals at the monitoring point are completed. In addition, the power supply module 109 is connected to the pressure sensor 106, the tilt sensor 107, and the UWB tag 108 respectively, and is used to supply power to the pressure sensor 106, the tilt sensor 107, and the UWB tag 108. However, it should be understood that the function of the power supply module 109 is to provide a stable current to the pressure sensor 106, the tilt sensor 107, and the UWB tag 108. In the specific implementation process, each power supply module 109 is electrically connected to a lithium battery. The lithium battery provides power to the hardware (i.e., pressure sensor 106, tilt sensor 107 and UWB tag 108) through the power supply module 109. The power supply life of the lithium battery can be designed to be 5-8 years.

[0056] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the pipe installation kit 104 has a curved plate structure. The inner diameter of the curved plate of the pipe installation kit 104 is the same as the outer diameter of the outer protective layer 103. The pipe installation kit 104 covers the outer surface of the outer protective layer 103. Furthermore, the pipe installation kit 104 can be made of plastic, and the outer protective layer 103 can be made of polyethylene. The pipe installation kit 104 is fixedly installed on the outer protective layer 103 with self-tapping screws. The pressure sensor 106, tilt sensor 107, UWB tag 108, and power supply module 109 can all be snapped into the pipe installation kit 104 through preset slots and fixed with screws. This allows for the fixed installation of each monitoring component at each monitoring point 105 without damaging the outer protective layer 103 and insulation layer 102 of the heating pipe 100, greatly reducing the operational risk of the heating pipe.

[0057] In addition, such as Figure 1As shown, the line connecting the installation points of pressure sensor 106 and tilt sensor 107 to the center of the heating pipe 100 is perpendicular to the ground. This means that placing pressure sensor 106 at the top of the heating pipe 100 perpendicular to the ground improves the accuracy of the soil pressure collected at monitoring point 105. Simultaneously, placing tilt sensor 107 at the top of the heating pipe 100 perpendicular to the ground allows for parallel alignment with the pipe, enabling the measurement of the angle between the heating pipe 100 and the horizontal direction of the ground. Similarly, the line connecting the installation points of UWB tag 108 and power supply module 109 to the center of the heating pipe 100 is parallel to the ground. This means placing UWB tag 108 and power supply module 109 at any top of the heating pipe 100 parallel to the ground allows them to withstand less soil pressure, resulting in a longer service life.

[0058] In the embodiments of this application, combined with Figure 3 As shown, the UWB base station 110 is used to receive UWB signals transmitted by adjacent UWB tags 108 and to time-stamp the UWB signals so as to upload the UWB signals and their time data to the cloud platform 111, which facilitates the location of monitoring point 105 and subsequent analysis of the direct burial stability of heating pipeline 100 in soil.

[0059] In some specific embodiments, UWB base stations 110 can be set up near the heating pipeline 100 according to the on-site environment and environmental signal transmission quality, and according to the preset base station interval range. Since the signal propagation distance is affected by the on-site electromagnetic environment and buildings, structures, obstacles, etc., the signal transmission distance is longer in places with less electromagnetic interference and open line of sight. Therefore, the distance between adjacent UWB base stations 110 or the distance between UWB base stations 110 and UWB tags 108 can be set relatively far. While minimizing the number of base stations, it is ensured that the UWB signal emitted by each UWB tag 108 can be received by at least 4 UWB base stations 110 that are not on the same ground plane, so as to provide sufficient data support for the positioning of monitoring point 105. Furthermore, the preset base station interval range is 150–500m, that is, the distance between two adjacent UWB base stations 110 is 150–500m. In addition, the distance between each UWB tag 108 and the UWB base station 110 that can receive the signal transmitted by the UWB tag 108 is also 150–500m, which can effectively ensure that each UWB signal can be received by multiple UWB base stations 110.

[0060] Combination Figure 3As shown, the cloud platform 111 is the data processing center of the direct-buried stability monitoring device. It is used to generate pipeline displacement data based on the UWB signals transmitted by multiple UWB base stations 110 and their marked time data, and to perform direct-buried stability analysis and judgment of the heating pipeline 100 based on the soil pressure data, pipeline inclination data and pipeline displacement data obtained by real-time monitoring.

[0061] In the analysis of pipeline displacement factors, the cloud platform uses the time data of four UWB base station tags receiving the same UWB signal and, based on the principles of UWB technology, calculates the distance difference between the UWB tag transmitting the UWB signal and any two of the four UWB base stations. Based on these multiple distance differences, it calculates the coordinates of the UWB tag in the monitoring coordinate system and monitors the changes in these coordinates in real time to obtain the pipeline displacement data of the monitoring point where the UWB tag is located. When the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point within the transition section of the heating pipeline shows a trend exceeding a first preset displacement value, the cloud platform issues a pipeline displacement warning; when the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point within the transition section of the heating pipeline exceeds the first preset displacement value, the cloud platform issues a pipeline displacement alarm. The first preset displacement value is the displacement value of the monitoring point along the pipeline direction.

[0062] In some specific embodiments, the formula for calculating the first preset displacement value is:

[0063] ΔS=Δr-Δr g

[0064] Where ΔS represents the first preset displacement value, Δr represents the elongation of the heating pipeline section, and Δr g This indicates the elongation of the transition section of the heating pipeline.

[0065] When the entire transition section of the heating pipe 100 is in an elastic state, the pipe section elongation Δr and the transition section elongation Δr of the heating pipe 100 are... g The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] When a section of the heating pipeline 100 enters a plastic state, the elongation Δr of the pipe section and the elongation Δr of the transition section of the heating pipeline 100 are... g The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] Where L represents the design length of the heating pipeline segment, and the design length L of the heating pipeline segment is greater than or equal to the maximum length G of the transition section of the straight pipe segment in the heating pipeline. max When, L takes the value G max α represents the coefficient of linear expansion of the pipe material; T Xman Indicates the highest temperature during the pipeline's operating cycle; T A E represents the set installation temperature of the pipeline; E represents the elastic modulus of the pipeline material; A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the working pipe wall; F represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the working pipe wall. min L represents the minimum frictional force per unit length of the pipe. H This represents the distance L from the monitoring point to the moving end of the pipeline. H ≥ Maximum length of transition section G in straight pipe section of heating pipeline max At that time, L H The value of is G max ;ΔT y G represents the yield temperature difference of the working tube; min This indicates the minimum length of the transition section in a straight pipe section of a heating pipeline.

[0072] In addition, when the heating pipeline 100 is equipped with a compensator, the first preset displacement value shall not exceed 90% of the maximum compensation amount of the compensator.

[0073] In other specific embodiments, when the pipe displacement data of any monitoring point 105 within the transition section of the heating pipeline 100 tends to exceed a second preset displacement value, and / or when the pipe displacement data of any monitoring point 105 within any pipe section of the heating pipeline 100 other than the transition section tends to exceed a third preset displacement value, the cloud platform 111 issues a pipe displacement warning. When the pipe displacement data of any monitoring point 105 within the transition section of the heating pipeline 100 exceeds the second preset displacement value, and / or when the pipe displacement data of any monitoring point 105 within any pipe section of the heating pipeline 100 other than the transition section exceeds the third preset displacement value, the cloud platform 111 issues a pipe displacement alarm. The second preset displacement value is the displacement of the monitoring point on the heating pipeline other than along the pipeline direction, and the third preset displacement value is the displacement of the monitoring point in any direction on the heating pipeline. The second preset displacement value = the error value of the UWB label + the outer diameter value of the insulation layer × 1%, and the third preset displacement value = the error value of the UWB label + the outer diameter value of the insulation layer × 1%.

[0074] In the analysis of pipeline cover pressure factors, the cloud platform standardizes the units of the real-time monitored cover pressure data, that is, converts the data units of the cover pressure data into a unified standard unit. When the processed cover pressure data shows a trend of not exceeding the preset pressure value, the cloud platform issues a pipeline cover pressure warning; when the processed cover pressure data does not exceed the preset pressure value, the cloud platform issues a pipeline cover pressure alarm.

[0075] In some specific embodiments, the formula for calculating the preset pressure value is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Where Q represents the preset pressure value, f c Indicates the initial deflection, δ s Indicates the safety factor. The value of E represents the maximum axial force in the heating pipe, and the value of I represents the elastic modulus of the pipe material. P This represents the moment of inertia of the cross-section of the working tube.

[0078] In the analysis of pipeline inclination factors, the cloud platform standardizes the units of the pipeline inclination data obtained from real-time monitoring. This involves converting the data units into a unified standard unit (i.e., slope, where the tangent of the slope angle = vertical distance / horizontal distance). When the processed pipeline inclination data shows a trend where the angle change value exceeds a preset slope change value, the cloud platform issues a pipeline inclination warning; when the angle change value exceeds the preset slope change value, the cloud platform issues a pipeline inclination alarm. In some specific embodiments, the preset slope change value is 1%.

[0079] This application embodiment analyzes and determines the stability of directly buried pipelines by considering factors such as pipeline cover pressure, pipeline displacement, and pipeline inclination angle. If any factor fails to meet the preset conditions, a warning or alarm is issued, indicating that the stability of the directly buried pipeline is about to be or has already been compromised. In such cases, the current operating strategy should be changed immediately or the operation should be stopped immediately to avoid pipeline damage.

[0080] Specifically, pressure sensor The soil pressure data at each monitoring point was measured. With UWB tag Wired communication is performed via UWB tags. Transmit UWB signals to transmit soil pressure data The data is transmitted to the UWB base station. Simultaneously, the tilt sensor... The pipe inclination angle data at each monitoring point was measured. With UWB tag Wired communication is performed via UWB tags. Transmit UWB signals to transmit pipeline tilt data Send to the UWB base station.

[0081] For the long-distance heating system where the heating pipeline is located in the embodiments of this application, a suitable reference system (i.e., monitoring coordinate system) is established. For example, the 2000 National Geodetic Coordinate System for engineering surveys can be used directly for convenient measurement. Alternatively, a three-dimensional coordinate system can be established with the pipeline starting point as the origin (0, 0, 0) for convenient subsequent calculations. The UWB base station H is determined through on-site measurements. i The coordinates (x, y) of (i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n) in the monitoring coordinate system i y i , z i UWB tag UWB signals are transmitted at preset time intervals, assuming UWB base station H i Received UWB tag The time when the UWB signal is transmitted is t ji UWB base station H i All t received by this base station ji , It is then uploaded to the cloud platform via NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) technology.

[0082] Based on receiving UWB tags The four UWB base stations H that transmit UWB signals i (e.g., H1, H2, H3, H4) The time data marked (i.e., the time t when the UWB signal was received) ji Establish a system of equations:

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Where, d j，12 UWB tag To UWB base station H1 and UWB tag The distance difference to UWB base station H2, d j，23 UWB tag To UWB base station H2 and UWB tag The distance difference to UWB base station H3, d j，34 UWB tag To UWB base station H3 and UWB tag The distance difference to UWB base station H4, d j，14 UWB tag To UWB base station H1 and UWB tag The distance difference to UWB base station H4, where c is the speed of light, t j1t represents the time when UWB base station H1 receives the UWB signal. j2 t represents the time when UWB base station H2 receives the UWB signal. j3 t represents the time when UWB base station H3 receives the UWB signal. j4 x represents the time when UWB base station H4 receives the UWB signal. j1 Here are the x-axis coordinates of UWB base station H1, and y-axis coordinates. j1 Here are the y-axis coordinates of UWB base station H1, and z-axis coordinates. j1 Here is the z-axis coordinate of UWB base station H1, x j2 Here are the x-axis coordinates of UWB base station H2, and y-axis coordinates. j2 Here are the y-axis coordinates of UWB base station H2, and z-axis coordinates. j2 Here is the z-axis coordinate of UWB base station H2, x j3 Here are the x-axis coordinates of UWB base station H3, and y-axis coordinates. j3 Here are the y-axis coordinates of UWB base station H3, and z-axis coordinates. j3 Here is the z-axis coordinate of UWB base station H3, x j4 Here are the x-axis coordinates of UWB base station H4, and y-axis coordinates. j4 Here are the y-axis coordinates of UWB base station H4, and z-axis coordinates. j4 Here is the z-axis coordinate of UWB base station H4, x j UWB tag x-axis coordinates, y j UWB tag y-axis coordinate value, z j UWB tag The z-axis coordinate value.

[0086] By combining the two sets of equations above, the UWB tag can be calculated. Coordinates (x) in the monitoring coordinate system i y i , z i By repeating the above process, all UWB labels on the heating pipe can be obtained. The coordinates in the monitoring coordinate system. Based on the design drawings of the heating pipeline and the initial coordinates of all UWB tags in the monitoring coordinate system (i.e., the initial coordinates of the monitoring points) calculated from the aforementioned two sets of equations, the cloud platform generates a digital twin model of the pipeline to display its laying status in the soil. It then uses real-time monitoring data such as soil pressure, pipeline inclination, and pipeline displacement to perform real-time data calculations, updating and correcting the digital twin model, analyzing the stability of the buried pipeline in the soil, and providing data support for the operation of the heating pipeline. The design drawings include pipeline design data and environmental data. The pipeline design data mainly refers to the dimensional information of the heating pipeline. Based on the design drawings and the digital twin system, a 3D model of the entire heating pipeline is created. According to the initial coordinates of the monitoring points, the positions of all monitoring points are bound to the corresponding points in the pipeline digital twin model. The platform can display the position information, soil pressure information, and pipeline inclination information of each monitoring point. By using real-time soil pressure data, pipeline inclination data, and pipeline displacement data to update and correct the pipeline digital twin model, the laying status of the buried heating pipeline can be observed more intuitively.

[0087] Another embodiment of this application provides a method for monitoring the stability of directly buried heating pipelines, based on the directly buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines described in the foregoing embodiments. For a detailed description and technical effect of this directly buried stability monitoring device, please refer to the foregoing embodiments of the directly buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines; further details will not be repeated here. The method for monitoring the stability of directly buried pipelines includes:

[0088] The UWB tag obtains the soil pressure data of the monitoring point through the pressure sensor and the pipeline inclination data of the monitoring point through the tilt sensor. It receives the soil pressure data transmitted by the pressure sensor and the pipeline inclination data transmitted by the tilt sensor, and generates and transmits UWB signals based on the soil pressure data and pipeline inclination data.

[0089] UWB base stations receive UWB signals transmitted by adjacent UWB tags, time-stamp the UWB signals, and upload the UWB signals and their time-stamped data to the cloud platform; wherein, the UWB signals transmitted by each UWB tag are received by at least four UWB base stations that are not on the same plane.

[0090] The cloud platform generates pipeline displacement data based on the UWB signals transmitted from multiple UWB base stations and their marked time data, and performs direct burial stability analysis and judgment on heating pipelines based on the soil pressure data, pipeline inclination data, and pipeline displacement data obtained from real-time monitoring.

[0091] In summary, this application provides a direct-buried stability monitoring device and method for heating pipelines. It uses sensors to monitor the displacement of the heating pipeline in the soil, the soil pressure, and the pipeline inclination angle in real time. The monitoring data is uploaded to a cloud platform, and digital twin technology is used to display the laying status of the heating pipeline in the soil. Real-time data calculations are performed to analyze the stability of the direct-buried pipeline in the soil, providing data support for pipeline operation. Furthermore, this direct-buried stability monitoring device does not require damage to the outer protective layer and insulation layer of the heating pipeline, allowing for the fixed installation of each monitoring component at each monitoring point, significantly reducing the operational risks of the heating pipeline.

[0092] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of one embodiment, and the modules or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing this application. Furthermore, the modules in the apparatus of the embodiments may be distributed throughout the apparatus of the embodiments as described, or they may be located in one or more apparatuses different from this embodiment, with corresponding changes. The modules of the above embodiments may be combined into one module, or further divided into multiple sub-modules.

[0093] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances. In addition, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the figures, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0094] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of this application, used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. The protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features, within the technical scope disclosed in this application. Such modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines, characterized in that, The heating pipeline includes a working pipe and an insulation layer and an outer protective layer wrapped around the working pipe from the inside out. The direct-buried stability monitoring device includes: A pipe installation kit is provided at each monitoring point of the heating pipe, and the pipe installation kit is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the outer protective layer. Each of the aforementioned pipe mounting kits is equipped with a pressure sensor to acquire soil pressure data at the monitoring point. Each of the aforementioned pipe mounting kits is equipped with one tilt sensor to acquire pipe tilt angle data at the monitoring point. Each of the pipe installation kits is equipped with a UWB tag, which is connected to the pressure sensor and the tilt sensor. The UWB tag receives the backfill pressure data transmitted by the pressure sensor and the pipe tilt angle data transmitted by the tilt sensor, and generates and transmits a UWB signal based on the backfill pressure data and the pipe tilt angle data. Each of the pipe mounting kits is equipped with a power supply module, which is connected to the pressure sensor, the tilt sensor, and the UWB tag, and is used to supply power to the pressure sensor, the tilt sensor, and the UWB tag. A UWB base station is used to receive the UWB signals transmitted by adjacent UWB tags and to time-stamp the UWB signals. The cloud platform, whereby the UWB base stations upload the UWB signals and their marked time data, generates pipeline displacement data based on the UWB signals and their marked time data transmitted by multiple UWB base stations, and performs direct-buried stability analysis and determination of the heating pipeline based on the soil pressure data, pipeline inclination angle data, and pipeline displacement data obtained from real-time monitoring. In this case, the UWB signal transmitted by each UWB tag is received by at least four UWB base stations that are not on the same plane.

2. The direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cloud platform generates pipeline displacement data based on the UWB signals transmitted from multiple UWB base stations and the time data they are marked with, and performs direct burial stability analysis and determination of the heating pipeline based on the soil pressure data, pipeline inclination data, and pipeline displacement data obtained from real-time monitoring. Specifically, it is used for: The cloud platform calculates the distance difference between the UWB tag sending the UWB signal and any two of the four UWB base stations based on the time data of the tags of the four UWB base stations that receive the same UWB signal. It then calculates the coordinates of the UWB tag in the monitoring coordinate system based on multiple distance differences and monitors the changes in the obtained coordinates in real time to obtain the pipeline displacement data of the monitoring point where the UWB tag is located. When the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point within the transition section of the heating pipeline shows a trend of exceeding a first preset displacement value, the cloud platform issues a pipeline displacement warning. When the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point within the transition section of the heating pipeline exceeds the first preset displacement value, the cloud platform issues a pipeline displacement alarm. The first preset displacement value is the displacement value of the monitoring point along the pipeline direction on the heating pipeline. The cloud platform will perform unit standardization processing on the real-time monitored soil pressure data. When the processed soil pressure data shows a trend of not exceeding the preset pressure value, the cloud platform will issue a pipeline soil pressure warning. When the processed soil pressure data is not greater than the preset pressure value, the cloud platform will issue a pipeline soil pressure alarm. The cloud platform will perform unit standardization processing on the pipeline tilt angle data obtained in real time. When the processed pipeline tilt angle data shows a trend of angle change value being greater than the preset slope change value, the cloud platform will issue a pipeline tilt angle warning. When the angle change value of the processed pipeline tilt angle data is greater than the preset slope change value, the cloud platform will issue a pipeline tilt angle alarm.

3. The direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the first preset displacement value is: ΔS=Δr-Δr g Where ΔS represents the first preset displacement value, Δr represents the elongation of the heating pipeline section, and Δr g This indicates the elongation of the transition section of the heating pipeline. When the entire transition section of the heating pipeline operates in an elastic state, the elongation Δr of the pipeline section and the elongation Δr of the transition section of the heating pipeline are... g The calculation formulas are as follows: When a section of the heating pipeline enters a plastic state during operation, the elongation Δr of the pipeline section and the elongation Δr of the transition section of the heating pipeline are... g The calculation formulas are as follows: Where L represents the design length of the heating pipeline segment, and the design length L of the heating pipeline segment is greater than or equal to the maximum length G of the transition section of the straight pipe segment in the heating pipeline. max When, L takes the value G max α represents the coefficient of linear expansion of the pipe material; T Xman Indicates the highest temperature during the pipeline's operating cycle; T A E represents the set installation temperature of the pipeline; E represents the elastic modulus of the pipeline material; A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the working pipe wall; F represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the working pipe wall. min L represents the minimum frictional force per unit length of the pipe. H This represents the distance L from the monitoring point to the moving end of the pipeline. H ≥ Maximum length of transition section G in straight pipe section of heating pipeline max At that time, L H The value of is G max ;ΔT y G represents the yield temperature difference of the working tube; min This indicates the minimum length of the transition section in a straight pipe section of a heating pipeline.

4. The direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the heating pipeline is equipped with a compensator, the first preset displacement value shall not exceed 90% of the maximum compensation amount of the compensator.

5. The direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cloud platform performs direct-buried stability analysis and determination of the heating pipeline based on the pipeline displacement data obtained through real-time monitoring, and is also specifically used for: When the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point in the transition section of the heating pipeline tends to exceed the second preset displacement value, and / or when the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point in any pipe section other than the transition section of the heating pipeline tends to exceed the third preset displacement value, the cloud platform will issue a pipeline displacement warning. When the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point in the transition section of the heating pipeline exceeds the second preset displacement value, and / or when the pipeline displacement data of any monitoring point in any pipe section other than the transition section of the heating pipeline exceeds the third preset displacement value, the cloud platform will issue a pipeline displacement alarm. Wherein, the second preset displacement value is the displacement value of the monitoring point on the heating pipeline other than along the pipeline direction, and the third preset displacement value is the displacement value of the monitoring point in any direction on the heating pipeline. The second preset displacement value and the third preset displacement value are both taken as the sum of one percent of the error value of the UWB tag and the outer diameter value of the insulation layer.

6. The direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the preset pressure value is: Where Q represents the preset pressure value, f c Indicates the initial deflection, δ s Indicates the safety factor. The value of E represents the maximum axial force in the heating pipe, and the value of I represents the elastic modulus of the pipe material. P This represents the moment of inertia of the cross-section of the working tube.

7. The direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cloud platform is also used to generate a digital twin model of the pipeline based on the design drawings of the heating pipeline and the initial coordinates of the UWB tag in the monitoring coordinate system, and to update and correct the digital twin model of the pipeline by real-time monitoring of the soil pressure data, the pipeline inclination data, and the pipeline displacement data; wherein, the design drawings include pipeline design data and environmental data.

8. The direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pipe installation kit has a curved plate structure. The inner diameter of the curved plate of the pipe installation kit is the same as the outer diameter of the outer protective layer. The pipe installation kit covers the outer side of the outer protective layer and is fixedly installed on the outer protective layer by self-tapping screws. The line connecting the installation points of the pressure sensor and the tilt sensor to the center of the heating pipe is perpendicular to the ground, while the line connecting the installation points of the UWB tag and the power supply module to the center of the heating pipe is parallel to the ground.

9. The direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, A monitoring point is set at a preset interval range from the location of the state change point of the heating pipeline. The distance between any two adjacent monitoring points of the pipeline segment outside the preset interval range is within a preset distance range. The state change location includes the pipeline corner location, the longitudinal slope change location, and the calculated anchor point location. The preset interval range is 12m, and the preset distance range is 12–36m.

10. A method for monitoring the stability of directly buried heating pipelines, characterized in that, The direct-buried stability monitoring device for heating pipelines as described in any one of claims 1–9, wherein the direct-buried stability monitoring method comprises: The UWB tag acquires the soil pressure data of the monitoring point through a pressure sensor and the pipe inclination data of the monitoring point through an inclination sensor. The UWB tag receives the soil pressure data transmitted by the pressure sensor and the pipe inclination data transmitted by the inclination sensor, and generates and transmits a UWB signal based on the soil pressure data and the pipe inclination data. UWB base stations receive UWB signals transmitted by adjacent UWB tags, time-stamp the UWB signals, and upload the UWB signals and their time-stamped data to a cloud platform; wherein, the UWB signals transmitted by each UWB tag are received by at least four UWB base stations that are not on the same plane. The cloud platform generates pipeline displacement data based on the UWB signals transmitted by multiple UWB base stations and the time data marked thereon, and performs direct burial stability analysis and determination of the heating pipeline based on the soil pressure data, pipeline inclination data, and pipeline displacement data obtained from real-time monitoring.

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