Multi-crop food drying device and control method

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-crop grain drying device and a control method, and belongs to the field of grain drying machines. The device comprises a roller, a heating plate and a fan one. The device is provided with a roller cabin, a warm air cabin and a fan cabin. The warm air cabin is in communication with the fan cabin and the roller cabin. The warm air cabin is fixedly provided with the heating plate. The fan cabin is fixedly provided with the fan one. A filter plate is arranged between the warm air cabin and the roller cabin. The filter plate is uniformly provided with through holes one. A movable partition plate is arranged between the warm air cabin and the fan cabin. Compared with the prior art, the drying device has the advantages of compact structure, small size, household electric drive remote control and multi-crop grain drying. The device can absorb normal temperature air, reduce the dependence on environmental condition changes, and has universality. The device can adjust the warm air direction, and the fan can drive rotation to distribute air flow in the cabin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grain dryers, and more specifically to a multi-crop grain drying device and control method. Background Technology

[0002] In the humid weather of the rainy season, grain crops become damp and moldy, damaging them for both planting and consumption. To better prevent or improve crop use, equipment for grain drying is constantly emerging. However, these are designed for large grain storage facilities and are not suitable for individual users or small-scale grain applications. Furthermore, in recent years, drying devices for crop drying have become bulky and inconvenient to transport. Smaller structures suffer from insufficient wind direction control, limited temperature control, and the inability to maintain optimal dehumidification temperatures, among other issues. To meet the needs of small-batch applications, a multi-crop grain drying device and control method are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a multi-crop grain drying device and control method. The device dries grains by setting up a drum, heating plate, and fan. During the drying process, the fan, along with fan blades arranged inside and outside the drum, changes the airflow direction, thereby ensuring that the hot air generated by the fan and heating plate can evenly dry the grains. Simultaneously, it incorporates moisture measuring devices, humidity and temperature detection devices to achieve remote sensing, energy saving, and humidity and temperature control.

[0004] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A multi-crop grain drying device includes a drum, a heating plate, and a fan. The device comprises a drum chamber, a warm air chamber, and a fan chamber. The warm air chamber is connected to the fan chamber and the drum chamber. The heating plate is fixedly installed in the warm air chamber. The fan is fixedly installed in the fan chamber. A filter plate is installed between the warm air chamber and the drum chamber. The filter plate has evenly distributed perforations. A linearly movable partition is provided between the warm air chamber and the fan chamber. The drum is rotatably connected to the drum chamber. Several fan blades are rotatably connected to the drum chamber between the drum and the filter plate. A support shaft is fixedly installed inside the drum.

[0006] The support shaft is rotatably connected to several fan blades; the drum chamber is equipped with a fan at the upper end of the drum; several stirring plates are fixedly installed circumferentially on the inner wall of the drum; the inner wall of the drum and the stirring plates are evenly distributed with through holes; the support shaft is rotatably connected to a rotating frame; the rotating frame is fixedly equipped with a moisture measuring device; and humidity and temperature measuring devices are fixedly installed in the drum chamber.

[0007] In some embodiments, the support shaft has an internal cavity; a support rod is fixedly installed in the internal cavity of the rotating frame; the wire of the moisture measuring device extends into the rotating frame, and the wire is wound around the support rod and passes through the internal cavity.

[0008] In some embodiments, the device provides a filter slot between the heating chamber and the drum chamber; the filter slot is slidably connected to the filter plate; the device provides a partition slot between the heating chamber and the fan chamber; the partition slot is slidably connected to a partition plate.

[0009] In some embodiments, the device is further provided with an inlet / outlet pipe communicating with the roller; the inlet / outlet pipe is provided with an inlet / outlet trough; and a baffle is slidably connected to the inlet / outlet trough.

[0010] In some embodiments, the device is fixedly equipped with a feed plate and a discharge plate; both the feed plate and the discharge plate are connected to the feed pipe; the feed plate is inclined downwards from the feed pipe to the roller; the discharge plate is inclined upwards from the feed pipe to the roller; the feed plate is located at the upper end of the discharge plate.

[0011] In some embodiments, a drive motor is also fixedly mounted on the outside of the device; the shaft of the drive motor is connected to the support shaft via a belt drive mechanism.

[0012] In some embodiments, the device further includes a switch controller and a display; the switch controller, fan one, fan two, heating plate, drive motor and display are electrically connected.

[0013] This application also discloses a control method for a multi-crop grain drying device, including the following steps:

[0014] Based on the temperature readings from the humidity and temperature sensors and the updated setpoint, calculate the error between the current temperature and the current setpoint, as well as the rate of error change; sum up the temperature errors from the two measurements by the humidity and temperature sensors and take half of it as the deviation e;

[0015] A fuzzy rule table is established by fuzzifying the deviation and the rate of change of deviation. The fuzzy subset corresponding to the adjustment amount is determined based on the fuzzification results of the deviation and the rate of change of deviation and the fuzzy rule table.

[0016] The centroid method is used to defuzzify the fuzzy subset to obtain the adjustment amount, and the control parameters are calculated based on the adjustment amount; the output parameters are then calculated using the control parameters.

[0017] The output power of the heating plate is adjusted based on the output parameters. If the temperature difference exceeds the given error limit, both fan two and the heating plate are turned off at the same time, while fan one is turned on to cool down.

[0018] In some embodiments, the temperature is set to change periodically within a given range, and then reverses after reaching the boundary of the periodic range. The range of change is ±α, the time interval of change is set to β, and the amount of change each time is γ.

[0019] In some embodiments, obtaining the output parameter u includes the following steps:

[0020] The centroid method is used for defuzzification to obtain the adjustment amounts ΔKp, ΔKi, and ΔKd; where the centroid method formula satisfies:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, M represents the membership degree, F represents the element in the universe of discourse, and V... O The precise values ​​of ΔKp, ΔKi, and ΔKd after defuzzification of the output quantities of the fuzzy controller.

[0023] The control parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd of the controller are calculated using the adjustment amount:

[0024] K(n) = K(n-1) + ΔK*ρ

[0025] In the formula, ΔK is the precise value V obtained above. O K(n-1) represents the control parameters of the upper-wheel controller, and ρ is the setpoint coefficient.

[0026] The output parameter u is calculated based on the control parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd.

[0027] u=Kp*e+Ki*∫edt+Kd*ec.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0029] The drying device of this invention has a compact structure and small size, suitable for home use with electric drive and remote control, and for drying multiple crops and grains. The device absorbs ambient temperature air, reducing dependence on changes in environmental conditions and making it universally applicable. The device allows adjustment of the warm air direction and is driven by a fan to distribute airflow evenly within the chamber. The device can regulate the temperature environment within the chamber using temperature, humidity, and moisture meters, providing better grain drying. The device offers a multi-chamber, segmented arrangement, achieving better temperature preservation within the chambers and improving airtightness. The device provides a temperature control algorithm that significantly improves the lag in dryer temperature control, reducing temperature fluctuations. The dynamic variable temperature drying method is beneficial for crop protection, reducing crop breakage and improving drying efficiency. The device features a user-friendly touchscreen interface, making operation more convenient and displaying information more intuitive. The device can also be remotely operated via the Internet of Things (IoT), allowing for monitoring of the equipment even when not in the field. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this application;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of this application;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the roller structure of this application;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fan blade structure of this application;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the slewing frame structure of this application;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the heating plate structure in this application;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fan in this application;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the display structure of this application;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature and humidity detection device of this application;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature control algorithm of this application;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the IoT module structure of this application;

[0043] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the display UI interface of this application;

[0044] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the membership function in this application;

[0045] Figure 15 This is the fuzzy rule table for this application.

[0046] The components corresponding to each number in the diagram are as follows:

[0047] 1. Feed plate; 2. Discharge plate; 3. Drive motor; 4. Switch controller; 5. Display; 6. Fan 1; 7. Heating plate; 21. Drum chamber; 22. Inlet / outlet trough; 23. Filter trough; 24. Warm air chamber; 25. Control panel space; 26. Separator trough; 27. Fan chamber; 31. Fan 2; 32. Baffle; 33. Filter plate; 34. Partition; 35. Fan blade 1; 36. Humidity and temperature detection device; 41. Drum; 42. Support rod; 43. Fan blade 2; 44. Moisture measuring device; 45. Stirring plate; 46. Support shaft; 47. Rotary frame. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "opening", "upper", "lower", "thickness", "top", "middle", "length", "inner", "around", etc., which indicate orientation or positional relationship, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0050] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0051] A multi-crop grain drying device includes a drum 41, a heating plate, and a fan 6. The device is equipped with a drum chamber 21, a warm air chamber 24, and a fan chamber 27. The warm air chamber 24 is connected to the fan chamber 27 and the drum chamber 21. A heating plate is fixedly installed in the warm air chamber 24. A fan 6 is fixedly installed in the fan chamber 27. A filter plate 33 is installed between the warm air chamber 24 and the drum chamber 21. The filter plate 33 has evenly distributed perforations, which allow for ventilation while preventing crop residue from flowing into the warm air chamber 24 and affecting the heating plate 7. Damage; A linearly movable partition 34 is provided between the warm air chamber 24 and the fan chamber 27; a drum 41 is rotatably connected to the drum chamber 21; several fan blades 35 are rotatably connected between the drum 41 and the filter plate 33 in the drum chamber 21; after the partition 34 is removed, the fan blows air onto the heating plate, thereby generating warm air; the warm air will pass through the filter holes of the filter plate 33, and the warm air will drive the fan blades 35 to rotate. The rotation of the fan blades 35 will change the direction of the warm air, so that the warm air can also flow from the circumferential direction of the drum 41, thereby improving the drying effect;

[0052] A support shaft 46 is fixedly installed inside the drum 41; several fan blades 43 are rotatably connected to the support shaft 46; a fan 31 is installed at the upper end of the drum 41 in the drum chamber 21; several stirring plates 45 are fixedly installed circumferentially on the inner wall of the drum 41; through holes 2 are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the drum 41 and the stirring plates 45, allowing warm air to pass through; a rotating frame 47 is rotatably connected to the support shaft 46; a moisture measuring device 44 is fixedly installed on the rotating frame 47, which is used to detect the moisture of crops; the rotating frame 47 and the moisture measuring device 44 do not rotate with the drum 41, but remain rotating downwards or stationary under the action of gravity; a humidity and temperature measuring device 36 is fixedly installed inside the drum chamber 21, which is used to detect the internal temperature and humidity;

[0053] In use, place the crops inside the drum 41, then remove the partition 34 and start the fan 6 and heating plate 7. The fan 6 generates airflow, which passes through the heating plate 7 to produce warm air. The warm air flows upward through the through-hole 1 of the filter plate 33, and then drives the fan blade 35 to rotate, thereby changing the direction of the warm air and making warm air flow around the drum 41. The warm air can flow into the inside of the drum 41 through the through-hole 2. At the same time, the warm air can also drive the fan blade 43 to rotate, changing the direction of the warm air flow in the drum 41, and the warm air will circulate inside the drum 41. This can drive the drum 41 to rotate, and the drum 41 drives the crops to tumble through the stirring plate 45, stirring the bottom layer of crops to the top layer, so that the crops in the lower layer can sink and be dried by the warm air, which can reduce the uneven airflow caused by the grain concentrating at the bottom due to gravity. In addition, when the humidity and temperature detection device 36 detects that the internal humidity is high, the second fan 31 can be started to remove the moisture from the grain crop in the drum 41 into the drum chamber 21.

[0054] In this application, the moisture measuring device 44 refers to an instrument for measuring the water content of a substance, such as a moisture meter. Depending on the principle, moisture meters include infrared moisture meters, online solid moisture meters, etc. In this application, the humidity and temperature detection device 36 refers to a physical property analysis instrument used to measure the humidity and temperature in the surrounding environment. Humidity detection instruments include hygrometers and humidity sensors; temperature detection instruments include thermometers and temperature sensors; and there are also integrated instruments, such as thermo-hygrometers.

[0055] In some embodiments, the support shaft 46 has an inner cavity; the rotating frame 47 has a support rod 42 fixedly installed in the inner cavity; the wire of the moisture measuring device 44 extends into the rotating frame 47, the wire is wound around the support rod 42 and passes through the inner cavity; the support rod 42 can prevent the wire from twisting and breaking during the rotation of the roller 41.

[0056] In some embodiments, the device provides a filter slot 23 between the heating chamber 24 and the drum chamber 21; the filter slot 23 is slidably connected to a filter plate 33; the device provides a partition slot 26 between the heating chamber 24 and the fan chamber 27; the partition slot 26 is slidably connected to a partition plate 34.

[0057] In some embodiments, the device is further provided with an inlet and outlet pipe communicating with the roller 41; the inlet and outlet pipe is provided with an inlet and outlet trough 22; the inlet and outlet trough 22 is slidably connected with a baffle 32; the inlet and outlet pipe is used for feeding and discharging crops, and after feeding is completed, the inlet and outlet pipe is closed by the baffle 32 to prevent temperature loss.

[0058] In some embodiments, the device is fixedly equipped with a feed plate 1 and a discharge plate 2; both the feed plate 1 and the discharge plate 2 are connected to the feed pipe; the feed plate 1 is inclined downward from the feed pipe to the roller 41; the discharge plate 2 is inclined upward from the feed pipe to the roller 41; the feed plate 1 is located at the upper end of the discharge plate 2.

[0059] In some embodiments, a drive motor 3 is also fixedly mounted on the outside of the device; the shaft of the drive motor 3 is connected to the support shaft 46 via a belt drive mechanism; the belt drive mechanism in this application is a mechanical transmission structure that uses a flexible belt tensioned on a pulley to transmit motion or power. Depending on the transmission principle, there are friction belt drives that rely on the friction between the belt and the pulley, and synchronous belt drives that rely on the meshing of teeth on the belt and the pulley. In this application, by installing pulleys on the shaft of the drive motor 3 and the support shaft 46, and connecting the pulleys with a belt, the drive motor 3 can drive the support shaft 46 and the roller 41 to rotate.

[0060] In some embodiments, the device is further provided with a switch controller 4 and a display 5; the switch controller 4, fan 1 6, fan 2 31, heating plate 7, drive motor 3 and display 5 are electrically connected; the switch controller 4 realizes the control of each device, and the display 5 is a touch screen display 5, which makes the operation more user-friendly, convenient and intuitive.

[0061] The control method for the above-mentioned multi-crop grain drying device includes the following steps:

[0062] Based on the temperature detection value and the updated setting value of the humidity and temperature detection device 36, calculate the error between the current temperature and the current setting value and the error change rate; sum up the temperature error of the two measurements by the humidity and temperature detection device 36 and take half of it into the deviation e;

[0063] A fuzzy rule table is established by fuzzifying the deviation and the rate of change of deviation. The fuzzy subset corresponding to the adjustment amount is determined based on the fuzzification results of the deviation and the rate of change of deviation and the fuzzy rule table.

[0064] The centroid method is used to defuzzify the fuzzy subset to obtain the adjustment values ​​ΔKp, ΔKi, and ΔKd. The control parameters are then calculated based on the adjustment values, and the output parameters are calculated using the control parameters.

[0065] The centroid method formula satisfies:

[0066]

[0067] In the formula, M represents the membership degree, F represents the element in the universe of discourse, and V... O The precise values ​​of ΔKp, ΔKi, and ΔKd after defuzzification of the output quantities of the fuzzy controller.

[0068] The control parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd of the controller are calculated using the adjustment amount:

[0069] K(n) = K(n-1) + ΔK*ρ

[0070] In the formula, ΔK is the precise value V obtained above. O K(n-1) represents the control parameters of the upper-wheel controller, and ρ is the setpoint coefficient.

[0071] The output parameter u is calculated based on the control parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd.

[0072] u=Kp*e+Ki*∫edt+Kd*ec

[0073] The output power of the heating plate 7 is adjusted based on the output parameter u. If the temperature difference exceeds the given error limit, the fan 2 31 and the heating plate 7 are turned off at the same time, and the fan 1 6 is turned on to cool down.

[0074] The temperature is set to change periodically within a given range, and then reverses after reaching the boundary of the periodic range. The range of change is ±α, the time interval of change is set to β, and the amount of change each time is γ.

[0075] The multi-crop grain drying apparatus and control method provided in this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0076] A multi-crop grain drying device includes a drum 41, a heating plate, and a fan 6. The device's interior comprises a drum chamber 21, a warm air chamber 24, and a fan chamber 27. The warm air chamber 24 is connected to both the fan chamber 27 and the drum chamber 21. A filter slot 23 is provided between the warm air chamber 24 and the drum chamber 21. A filter plate 33 is slidably connected to the filter slot 23, and the filter plate 33 has evenly distributed through holes. A partition slot 26 is provided between the warm air chamber 24 and the fan chamber 27. A partition plate 34 is slidably connected to the partition slot 26. The heating plate is fixedly installed in the warm air chamber 24. The fan 6 is fixedly installed in the fan chamber 27.

[0077] A drum chamber 21 is rotatably connected to a drum 41; a plurality of fan blades 35 are rotatably connected between the drum 41 and the filter plate 33; a support shaft 46 is fixedly installed inside the drum 41; a plurality of fan blades 43 are rotatably connected to the support shaft 46; an inner cavity is provided inside the support shaft 46; a support rod 42 is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the rotating frame 47; the wire of the moisture measuring device 44 extends into the rotating frame 47, the wire is wound around the support rod 42 and passes out of the inner cavity;

[0078] A fan 31 is installed at the upper end of the drum 41 in the drum chamber 21; several stirring plates 45 are fixedly installed circumferentially on the inner wall of the drum 41; through holes 2 are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the drum 41 and the stirring plates 45; a support shaft 46 is rotatably connected to a rotating frame 47; a moisture meter is fixedly installed on the rotating frame 47; a humidity and temperature detector is fixedly installed in the drum chamber 21, one near the lower end of the drum 41 and the other near the top of the drum 41.

[0079] The device is also equipped with an inlet and outlet pipe connected to the roller 41; the inlet and outlet pipe is equipped with an inlet and outlet trough 22; the inlet and outlet trough 22 is slidably connected to a baffle 32; the device is fixedly equipped with an inlet plate 1 and an outlet plate 2; both the inlet plate 1 and the outlet plate 2 are connected to the inlet and outlet pipe; the inlet plate 1 is inclined downward from the inlet and outlet pipe to the roller 41; the outlet plate 2 is inclined upward from the inlet and outlet pipe to the roller 41; the inlet plate 1 is located at the upper end of the outlet plate 2;

[0080] A drive motor 3 is also fixedly installed on the outside of the device; both the shaft of the drive motor 3 and the support shaft 46 are fixedly equipped with pulleys; the pulleys are connected by a belt.

[0081] The device also includes a control board space 25; the control board space 25 is equipped with a switch controller 4; the device is also fixedly equipped with a display 5, which is a touch screen display 5; the switch controller 4, fan 1 6, fan 2 31, heating plate 7, drive motor 3 and display 5 are electrically connected.

[0082] In use, turn on the switch controller 4 and the display 5, and select the grain crop conditions through the display 5; open the warm air chamber 24, raise the heating plate to the specified temperature, turn on the fan 6, and draw room temperature air from the partition 34 in the partition slot 26 into the heating plate 7 and into the warm air chamber 24, and then form a warm air flow to the filter plate 33; blow it through the through hole 1 to the fan blade 35, drive the fan blade 35 to rotate, and the fan blade 35 changes the air direction, so that the warm air is distributed to both ends of the drum 41;

[0083] Then, the crops are poured into the feed plate 1, and the baffle 32 is removed from the feed trough 22. The crops enter the drum 41, and the moisture meter is contained within the crops. When the temperature and humidity detector at the bottom detects that the warm air temperature has reached the required level, the drive motor 3 is started, which drives the drum 41 to rotate through the pulley. The crops are turned over from the bottom by the stirring plate 45 of the drum 41. With the help of the through holes 2 of the drum 41 and the stirring plate 45, the warm air flows between the crops and performs heat conversion. At the same time, some of the warm air flows to the fan blade 2 43. The rotation of the fan blade 2 43 changes the direction of the warm air, so that the warm air blows towards the crops remaining in the stirring plate 45, further making the warm air come into close contact with the crops and improving drying.

[0084] The moisture generated during drying is monitored by a temperature and humidity sensor at the top to determine if humidity saturation has been reached. This allows the fan 31 above the drum chamber 21 to either remove the moisture or retain heat. The degree of grain drying is then determined by a moisture meter. To ensure the moisture meter remains at the bottom, gravity and the rotation relationship between the rotating frame 47 and the support shaft 46 are used. To prevent the wiring harness from coiling around the support column of the drum 41, the support rod 42 is separated from the support shaft 46 of the drum 41. The display 5 is then used to observe whether the required conditions are met, thus determining whether the crop should be discharged.

[0085] In terms of control, algorithm logic, and touchscreen interface design, such as Figure 8 As shown, this temperature control algorithm applies fuzzy control PID to the temperature control of the dryer and improves it by taking into account the hysteresis caused by the structure.

[0086] Step 1: Calculate the deviation between the current temperature and the current set value and the rate of change of deviation based on the temperature detection value and the updated set value of the temperature and humidity detector. Add half of the two temperature measurements from the bottom temperature detector to the deviation e to offset the hysteresis caused by the structure.

[0087] Step 2: Fuzzify the input value deviation e and the rate of change of deviation ec. Establish fuzzy subsets for both deviation e and the rate of change of deviation ec as {NB, NM, NS, ZO, PS, PM, PB}. Introduce the universe of discourse corresponding to the fuzzy subsets of e and ec, as well as the control parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd adjustment values ​​ΔKp, ΔKi, and ΔKd of the controller, defined as {-6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, with their ranges denoted as Vmax and Vmin. Quantize the deviation e and the rate of change of deviation ec using a quantization function. Finally, introduce a triangular membership function (see...). Figure 14 Determine the membership degree.

[0088] Quantization function:

[0089] Step 3: Establish a fuzzy rule table (see...) Figure 15 The values ​​in the table are the fuzzy values ​​of ΔKp, ΔKi, and ΔKd. Based on the fuzzification results of deviation e and deviation change rate ec and the fuzzy rule table, the fuzzy subsets corresponding to ΔKp, ΔKi, and ΔKd are inferred respectively, where ΔKp, ΔKi, and ΔKd are the control parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd adjustment amounts of the controller.

[0090] Step 4: Use the centroid method to perform defuzzification to obtain ΔKp, ΔKi, and ΔKd. Calculate the controller parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd using K(n) = K(n-1) + ΔK*ρ, where ΔK is the V calculated above. OK(n-1) represents the control parameters of the upper-wheel controller, and ρ is a setpoint coefficient used to adjust the changes in ΔKp, ΔKi, and ΔKd. The output parameter u is then obtained from the control parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd of the three controllers using the formula:

[0091] u=Kp*e+Ki*∫edt+Kd*ec

[0092] Center of gravity method formula: M represents the membership degree, F represents the elements in the universe of discourse, and V... O The precise values ​​of ΔKp, ΔKi, and ΔKd after defuzzification of the output quantities of the fuzzy controller.

[0093] The output parameter u of the PID controller is obtained, that is, the control action generated by the deviation is used to adjust the duty cycle and adjust the output power of the heating plate 7. If the current temperature difference exceeds the current given error limit, the fan 6 and the heating plate 7 are turned off at the same time, and the fan 31 is turned on for rapid cooling.

[0094] A dynamic temperature-controlled drying method is employed, in which the temperature is set to vary periodically within a given range, with a variation range of ±α, a variation time interval of β, and a variation amount of γ each time. After reaching the boundary of the periodic range, the temperature reverses, thereby improving drying efficiency while reducing crop breakage.

[0095] like Figure 9 As shown, the touch screen control allows selection of two crops, corn and wheat, and further selection based on crop humidity status. After clicking the start button, the device will start running and enter the device status display interface. It also has an emergency stop button, which shuts down the operation of the heating plate 7, fan 2 31 and roller 41 when pressed, allowing for a quick response in case of unexpected emergencies.

[0096] 1) If corn is selected, set the initial temperature t1 inside the drum 41, and control the error within ±Δ1;

[0097] 2) If wheat is selected, the error of the initial set temperature t2 inside the drum 41 should be controlled within ±Δ2;

[0098] 3) In very humid conditions, select to run at the set temperature t+Δt for δ minutes, and then switch to normal set temperature operation;

[0099] 4) In relatively humid conditions, set the temperature to the set temperature t+Δt and run for ε minutes. Then switch to normal set temperature operation.

[0100] 5) It operates normally under normal humid conditions.

[0101] like Figure 10As shown in the system MCU block diagram, the air intake speed V of the drum chamber 21 is set, and the rotation speed R of the drum 417.1 is set. After the device is turned on by selecting the mode via the touch screen, the detection data of various temperature and humidity sensors and moisture detectors are transmitted to the MCU. After algorithm processing, the heating plate 7 and fan 6 are adjusted to operate. The data is transmitted to the cloud platform server via the NB-IoT wireless communication module, and then sent to the web page and mobile terminal for display through the B / S and C / S architecture. When the detected humidity value reaches η, fan 6 is turned on to start dehumidification. When the detected moisture value reaches a suitable value, the drying process is completed. The heating plate is turned off, and fan 31 is turned on for final dehumidification and cooling. Then, the drum 41 is reversed to pour out the grain, completing the work.

[0102] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A multi-crop food drying apparatus, characterized by, The device includes a roller (41), a heating plate, and a fan (6); the device is provided with a roller chamber (21), a warm air chamber (24), and a fan chamber (27); the warm air chamber (24) is connected to the fan chamber (27) and the roller chamber (21); the heating plate is fixedly installed in the warm air chamber (24); the fan (6) is fixedly installed in the fan chamber (27); and a heating plate is installed between the warm air chamber (24) and the roller chamber (21). There is a filter plate (33); the filter plate (33) is evenly distributed with through holes; a linearly movable partition plate (34) is provided between the heating air chamber (24) and the fan chamber (27); the roller chamber (21) is rotatably connected to the roller (41); the roller chamber (21) is rotatably connected to several fan blades (35) between the roller (41) and the filter plate (33); a support shaft (46) is fixedly installed inside the roller (41); The support shaft (46) is rotatably connected to several fan blades (43); the drum chamber (21) has a fan (31) installed at the upper end of the drum (41); several stirring plates (45) are fixedly installed circumferentially on the inner wall of the drum (41); the inner wall of the drum (41) and the stirring plates (45) are evenly distributed with through holes; the support shaft (46) is rotatably connected to a rotating frame (47); the rotating frame (47) is fixedly installed with a moisture measuring device (44); the drum chamber (21) is fixedly installed with a humidity and temperature measuring device (36); The support shaft (46) has an inner cavity; the rotating frame (47) has a support rod (42) fixedly installed in the inner cavity; the wire of the moisture measuring device (44) extends into the rotating frame (47), the wire is wound around the support rod (42) and passes out of the inner cavity; The warm air drives the first fan blade (35) to rotate, thereby changing the direction of the warm air and causing warm air to flow in the circumferential direction of the drum (41); the warm air drives the second fan blade (43) to rotate, thereby changing the direction of the warm air flow in the drum (41) and causing the warm air to circulate inside the drum (41).

2. The multi-crop food drying apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The device has a filter slot (23) between the heating chamber (24) and the drum chamber (21); the filter slot (23) is slidably connected to the filter plate (33); the device has a partition slot (26) between the heating chamber (24) and the fan chamber (27); the partition slot (26) is slidably connected to the partition plate (34).

3. The multi-crop food drying apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The device is also provided with an inlet and outlet pipe communicating with the roller (41); the inlet and outlet pipe is provided with an inlet and outlet trough (22); the inlet and outlet trough (22) is slidably connected with a baffle (32).

4. The multi-crop food drying apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein, The device is fixedly equipped with a feed plate (1) and a discharge plate (2); both the feed plate (1) and the discharge plate (2) are connected to the feed pipe; the feed plate (1) is inclined downward from the feed pipe to the roller (41); the discharge plate (2) is inclined upward from the feed pipe to the roller (41); the feed plate (1) is located at the upper end of the discharge plate (2).

5. The multi-crop food drying apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein, A drive motor (3) is also fixedly installed on the outside of the device; the shaft of the drive motor (3) is connected to the support shaft (46) through a belt drive mechanism.

6. The multi-crop grain drying device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The device is also equipped with a switch controller (4) and a display (5); the switch controller (4), fan one (6), fan two (31), heating plate (7), drive motor (3) and display (5) are electrically connected.

7. The control method of the multi-crop food drying apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that This includes the following steps: Based on the temperature detection value and the updated setting value of the humidity and temperature detection device (36), calculate the error between the current temperature and the current setting value and the error change rate; The temperature error between the two measurements by the humidity and temperature detection device (36) is accumulated, and half of it is included in the deviation e; A fuzzy rule table is established by fuzzifying the deviation and the rate of change of deviation. The fuzzy subset corresponding to the adjustment amount is determined based on the fuzzification results of the deviation and the rate of change of deviation and the fuzzy rule table. The centroid method is used to defuzzify the fuzzy subset to obtain the adjustment amount, and the control parameters are calculated based on the adjustment amount; The output parameters are calculated by controlling the parameters; The output power of the heating plate (7) is adjusted based on the output parameters. If the temperature difference exceeds the given error limit, the second fan (31) and the heating plate (7) are turned off at the same time, and the first fan (6) is turned on to cool down.

8. The control method according to claim 7, characterized by , the set temperature is periodically changed within a given range, and after reaching the boundary of the periodic range, it is changed in the opposite direction, the change range is ±α, the change time interval is set to β, and the amount of change each time is .

9. The control method according to claim 7, characterized by The acquisition of the output parameter u includes the following steps: The adjustment amount is obtained by defuzzification using the center of gravity method. , , The formula for the centroid method satisfies: In the formula, M is the membership degree, F is the fuzzy quantization value, is the accurate value of the output of the fuzzy controller after the defuzzification. The control parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd of the controller are calculated using the adjustment amount: In the formula is the exact value obtained above ; K(n-1) is the control parameter of the previous controller, and p is a setting coefficient, The output parameter u is calculated based on the control parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd. u = Kp e + Ki ∫edt + Kd ec.

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