An integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 using low-energy electron radiation in a confined space.

Abstract

This invention discloses an integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation, comprising: a CO2 reduction reaction chamber with a reaction cavity inside, a stage for placing a catalyst within the reaction cavity, and an electron gun interface; a low-energy electron source connected to the CO2 reduction reaction chamber via the electron gun interface, with its electron beam extraction port corresponding to the stage; a CO2 enrichment device connected to a circulation pump, containing a CO2 capture module and a heating module connected to the CO2 capture module; the CO2 enrichment device being connected to the CO2 reduction reaction chamber via a pipeline; and a steam generator connected to the CO2 reduction reaction chamber via a pipeline. This invention utilizes controllable low-energy electrons to reduce and regenerate CO2 into O2, achieving timely purification of CO2 and regeneration of O2 in a confined space, solving the problem of non-renewable traditional CO2 capture agents and oxygen generators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of radiochemistry and radiation chemistry technology. More specifically, this invention relates to an integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation. Background Technology

[0002] Besides the main atmospheric components nitrogen, oxygen, and rare gases, various harmful gases, such as H2, CO, CH4, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and odorous gases, are generated in enclosed spaces through equipment operation, the volatilization of non-metallic materials, and human metabolism. The presence of these substances reduces the efficiency of low-energy electron attachment reduction of CO2 and results in overly complex product compositions after CO2 reduction by ionizing radiation, increasing the difficulty of subsequent product separation and utilization. Therefore, selectively capturing and enriching CO2 in enclosed spaces before participating in the low-energy electron attachment reduction reaction is key to improving the efficiency of low-energy electron radiation in purifying CO2.

[0003] Conventional CO2 capture methods mainly include amine solution absorption, adsorption separation, and membrane separation. Compared to membrane separation and solution absorption, adsorption is based on the intermolecular attraction between the gas and the active sites on the adsorbent surface. It has advantages such as simple process, large adsorption capacity, high separation efficiency, low energy consumption, strong adaptability, and recyclability, making it a more ideal method for controlling CO2 concentration in confined spaces such as manned spacecraft, space stations, and spacecraft cabins.

[0004] Currently, commonly used oxygen supply devices in confined spaces include water electrolysis oxygen supply equipment, liquid oxygen supply equipment, and chemical oxygen source oxygen supply equipment. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages: for example, water electrolysis oxygen supply equipment consumes electrical energy during operation, and while producing oxygen, it also produces hydrogen, which is a very detrimental factor in confined spaces. Chinese patent application number 202122647954.X discloses a confined space oxygen generating device, which mainly supplies oxygen to the confined space through a liquid oxygen tank, but it cannot solve the problem of timely CO2 removal. Chinese invention patent application number 202210730890.6 discloses a confined space CO2 decomposition and recycling oxygen regeneration system. Although it can achieve O2 regeneration and CO2 removal, it mainly generates O2 through an SOEC electrolysis cell, but CO2 removal is achieved through a carbon dioxide adsorbent, thus failing to solve the problem of carbon dioxide adsorbent regeneration, which limits the system's efficiency and operating time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and / or defects, and to provide at least the advantages described below.

[0006] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, an integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation is provided, comprising:

[0007] The CO2 reduction reaction chamber has a reaction chamber inside, and a stage for placing the catalyst is provided inside the reaction chamber. The CO2 reduction reaction chamber is also provided with an electron gun interface.

[0008] A low-energy electron source is connected to the CO2 reduction reaction chamber via an electron gun interface, and the electron beam extraction port of the low-energy electron source corresponds to the stage.

[0009] The CO2 enrichment device is connected to a circulation pump. The CO2 enrichment device is equipped with a CO2 capture module and a heating module connected to the CO2 capture module. The CO2 enrichment device is connected to the CO2 reduction reaction chamber through a pipeline.

[0010] A steam generator is connected to the CO2 reduction reaction chamber via a pipeline.

[0011] Preferably, the structure of the low-energy electron source includes:

[0012] The gun body has a cathode and an anode opposite to the cathode inside;

[0013] A gate is disposed at the rear end of the anode;

[0014] A guiding and focusing module is disposed at the rear end of the gate, the guiding and focusing module comprising:

[0015] The guide tube has its central axis coincident with the central axis of the anode, cathode, and grid, and the guide tube is connected to the electron beam extraction port;

[0016] Multiple Helmholtz coils are disposed outside the guide tube.

[0017] Preferably, the cathode is one of tantalum sheet, tungsten wire, or lanthanum hexaboride electrode sheet.

[0018] Preferably, the low-energy electron source is further provided with a beam monitoring module at its end. The beam monitoring module is disposed between the guide tube and the electron beam extraction port. The beam monitoring module is a Faraday tube and includes:

[0019] A first electrode plate is disposed near the guide tube, and a second electrode plate and a third electrode plate are disposed sequentially at the rear end of the first electrode plate. The third electrode plate is integrally connected to a triangular tube.

[0020] Preferably, the catalyst is a metal oxide medium catalyst material, including one of Cu2O, SnO2, Co3O4, Bi2O3, In2O3, and ZnO, and the catalyst is configured as a mesh template on the stage.

[0021] Preferably, the CO2 capture module and the heating module are configured such that the heating module is an electric heating plate, and the CO2 capture module is a porous CO2 adsorbent capture net disposed on the electric heating plate.

[0022] Preferably, the porous CO2 adsorbent capturing mesh is made of one of the following materials: biochar, silica gel, zirconium sodium zeolite, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-C), Al2O3, CeO2, and La2O3.

[0023] Preferably, the CO2 reduction reaction chamber is provided with a radiation shielding layer on its exterior.

[0024] Preferably, the CO2 reduction reaction chamber is also equipped with a thermometer and a pressure gauge, as well as a vacuum port on the opposite side of the CO2 and H2O inlet ports.

[0025] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This invention utilizes low-energy electrons with controllable energy to reduce and regenerate CO2 into O2, achieving timely purification of CO2 and regeneration of O2 in confined spaces. It solves the problem of non-renewable traditional CO2 capture agents and oxygen generators. The equipment achieves a CO2 conversion rate of over 50% and an O2 content of over 75% in the gaseous products, meeting the long-term working performance requirements for personnel in confined spaces.

[0027] The CO2 capture module and heating module of this invention solve the problem of low efficiency in ionizing radiation purification of CO2 under low concentration conditions by selecting materials that selectively adsorb CO2 (biochar, silica gel, zirconium sodium zeolite, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-C), Al2O3, CeO2, La2O3). The heating module heats the CO2 capture module that has adsorbed CO2 to saturation to remove CO2, thus solving the problem of non-renewable CO2 adsorbents in the prior art and realizing continuous adsorption and removal of CO2.

[0028] This invention introduces H2O gaseous molecules to co-reduce CO2, and establishes a precise control mechanism and method for O2 and carbon-containing products by changing the reaction system parameters and the surface properties of the CO2 catalytic module material, thereby achieving the control of carbon-containing fuels through electron-attached CO2 reduction.

[0029] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation, as provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the low-energy electron source and beam monitoring module provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0033] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0034] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "equipped", "sleeved / connected", "connected", etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0036] Furthermore, in this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Moreover, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0037] like Figures 1-2 As shown, this invention provides an integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 using low-energy electron radiation in a confined space, comprising:

[0038] The CO2 reduction reaction chamber 1 has a reaction chamber 2 inside, and a stage 3 for placing the catalyst is provided in the reaction chamber 2. The CO2 reduction reaction chamber 1 is provided with an electron gun interface 4.

[0039] A low-energy electron source 5 is connected to the CO2 reduction reaction chamber 1 via an electron gun interface 4, and the electron beam extraction port 51 of the low-energy electron source 5 corresponds to the stage 3.

[0040] The CO2 enrichment device 6 is connected to a circulation pump (not shown). The CO2 enrichment device 6 is equipped with a CO2 capture module and a heating module connected to the CO2 capture module. The CO2 enrichment device 6 is connected to the CO2 reduction reaction chamber 1 through a pipeline.

[0041] A steam generator 7 is connected to the CO2 reduction reaction chamber 1 via a pipe.

[0042] Working Principle: This invention provides an integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation. First, the CO2 capture module in the CO2 enrichment device 6 selectively adsorbs CO2 from the air pumped in by the circulating pump (the air in a confined space has a complex and diverse composition, mainly composed of nitrogen, oxygen, rare gases, CO2, and other gases). Once the CO2 capture module reaches saturation, it desorbs CO2 by heating the module. The desorbed CO2 is then transported to the reaction chamber 2 through a pipeline. After the CO2 in the reaction chamber 2 reaches a certain amount, the steam generator 7 supplies a certain amount of water to the reaction chamber 2. Then, the low-energy electron source 5 generates a low-energy electron beam, which is guided to the catalyst surface in the reaction chamber 2. The low-energy electrons adhere to and reduce CO2 / H2O to generate O2 and carbon-based fuel, thus achieving CO2 removal and O2 regeneration. By controlling the voltage, power, and focusing magnetic field strength of the low-energy electron source 5, parameters such as the energy, energy dissipation, and flux intensity of the low-energy electron beam can be adjusted, thereby achieving precise control over O2 production and carbon-containing fuels. During the ionizing radiation reduction of CO2, CO2 can not only be reduced and regenerated into O2, but the generated carbon anion fragments can also participate in subsequent chemical reactions to produce fuel products such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, and carboxylic acids.

[0043] In the above technical solution, the structure of the low-energy electron source 5 includes:

[0044] The gun body 52 has a cathode 53 and an anode 54 opposite to the cathode 53 inside.

[0045] A gate 55 is disposed at the rear end of the anode 54;

[0046] A guiding and focusing module is disposed at the rear end of the gate 55, the guiding and focusing module comprising:

[0047] The guide tube 56 has its central axis coincident with the central axis of the anode 54, cathode 53, and gate 55, and the guide tube 56 is connected to the electron beam extraction port 51;

[0048] Multiple Helmholtz coils 57 are disposed outside the guide tube 56.

[0049] The cathode 53 emits electrons, the grid 55 controls the actual emission area of ​​the cathode 53 and pre-focuses the electron beam, and the anode 54 accelerates the electrons. The cathode 53 is set to a negative high voltage, and the anode 54 is grounded to create a potential difference. The thermionic electrons emitted by the cathode 53 are accelerated to form a low-energy electron beam. The grid 55 controls the focusing of the low-energy electron beam and the number of emitted electrons. The cathode 53 of the low-energy electron source 5, heated and excited to generate a large number of low-energy electrons, is the core component of the low-energy electron beam control system. The choice of material for the cathode 53 plays a decisive role in the emission capability and lifetime of the low-energy electron source. The cathode 53 needs to be made of a material with a high melting point and high resistivity. After passing a strong current, the cathode 53 is heated to over 1000℃. Furthermore, a material with low work function needs to be selected. When the outer electrons of the atoms on the surface of the cathode 53 are excited by a certain amount of thermal energy, they will break free from the atomic nucleus and become free electrons.

[0050] Low-energy electrons, influenced by the Earth's magnetic field and the spatial dispersion field, will exhibit a space charge effect, thus increasing the energy divergence of the low-energy electron beam. To overcome the electron beam dispersion caused by the space charge effect, a guiding and focusing magnetic field is needed to constrain the trajectory of the low-energy electrons. The main component of the guiding and focusing module is a Helmholtz coil 57, composed of parallel coils in an enameled aluminum tube with an outer diameter of 1.6 cm. After the electron beam emitted by the low-energy electron source 5 enters the guiding tube 56, it is guided and controlled by the magnetic field region generated by the Helmholtz coil 57 to form a controllable electron beam current. The energy divergence of the electron beam current can be controlled by adjusting the applied voltage and current at the center of the two coils.

[0051] In the above technical solution, the cathode 53 is one of tantalum sheet, tungsten wire, and lanthanum hexaboride electrode sheet. They have the advantages of reliable performance and long life. Taking into account factors such as the working environment, working voltage, beam spot diameter and beam current of the low-energy electron source 5, tantalum sheet with thermal emission excitation method is selected as the cathode.

[0052] In the above technical solution, a beam monitoring module is further provided at the end of the low-energy electron source 5. The beam monitoring module is located between the guide tube 56 and the electron beam extraction port 51. The beam monitoring module is a Faraday tube and includes:

[0053] The first electrode plate 58 is located near the guide tube. The rear end of the first electrode plate 58 is provided with a second electrode plate 59 and a third electrode plate 510. The third electrode plate 510 is integrally connected to a triangular tube 511.

[0054] The first electrode plate 58 and the second electrode plate 59 form a deceleration analysis field, and the third electrode plate 510 is welded to the triangular tube 511 to receive electrons and prevent electron bounce. By scanning the voltage of the second electrode plate 59 (scanning from 0V to negative voltage), the electron beam current reaching the third electrode plate 510 is gradually reduced to 0. The magnitude of the electron beam current at the Faraday tube collector is directly measured, and then the energy of the electron beam current is calculated by differentiating the electron beam current received by the third electrode plate 510 and the scanning voltage.

[0055] In the above technical solution, the catalyst is a metal oxide medium catalyst material, including one of Cu2O, SnO2, Co3O4, Bi2O3, In2O3, and ZnO. The catalyst is configured as a mesh template on a support stage. Adding a medium catalyst material that captures CO2 / H2O, weakly binds electrons, and lowers the energy barrier for CO2 reaction intermediate formation within the reaction chamber can effectively regulate the activity of low-energy electron attachment for CO2 reduction and the selectivity of carbon-containing products. Introducing hydroxyl defects on the surface of the metal oxide is one of the ideal choices for the medium material, as it can form a special hydrogen-bonded microenvironment on the surface, achieving effective capture of weakly bound electrons and stabilization of CO2 reaction intermediate adsorption. In the low-energy electron attachment reduction of CO2 process, CO2 and water vapor are first pre-adsorbed on the catalyst material surface, followed by the capture of weakly bound electrons and surface free radical reactions. Finally, surface free radical intermediates capture electrons to form negative ion fragments, which desorb and form carbon-containing products. The surface of the medium catalytic material contains electron-rich trapping centers, which can promote the capture of weakly bound electrons, reduce the energy barrier required for CO2 reduction, selectively regulate CO2 reduction products, and improve CO2 reduction efficiency.

[0056] Low-energy electrons attach to CO2 molecules to form transient negative ion molecules (CO2) in an electron-molecule resonance state. 2-The CO2 gas then decays and dissociates into neutral O2 molecules and negatively charged carbanion fragments. This process not only reduces CO2 back to O2, but the generated carbanions can also participate in subsequent chemical reactions to produce specific carbon-containing products such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, and carboxylic acids. When using a low-energy electron source to generate low-energy electrons to attach and dissociate moistened CO2 gas, O2 and small amounts of hydrocarbons and alcohols were detected in the products, which are believed to be caused by the reaction of carbanions and H2O. In addition, because the energy of the attached electrons matches the C=O bond energy in CO2 (8.4 eV, 803 kJ / mol), selective regulation of specific products such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, and carboxylic acids can be achieved.

[0057] In the above technical solution, the CO2 capture module and the heating module are configured as follows: the heating module is an electric heating plate 61, and the CO2 capture module is a porous CO2 adsorbent capture net 62 disposed on the electric heating plate 61.

[0058] In the above technical solution, the porous CO2 adsorbent capturing net 62 is made of one of the following materials: biochar, silica gel, zirconium sodium zeolite, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-C), Al2O3, CeO2, and La2O3. The above materials can selectively adsorb CO2 in the mixed air.

[0059] When the CO2 adsorbent capture net 62 adsorbs CO2 to saturation, the electric heating plate 61 heats it to desorb CO2 from the CO2 adsorbent capture net 62, and finally enters the reaction chamber 2 through the pipeline.

[0060] In the above technical solution, a radiation shielding layer 8 is provided on the outside of the CO2 reduction reaction chamber 1. The material of the shielding layer 8 is lead. The radiation shielding layer 8 is used to shield low-energy electrons and negative ion fragments, and to block or weaken the low-energy electrons and negative ion fragments emitted by the electron source.

[0061] In the above technical solution, the CO2 reduction reaction chamber 1 is also equipped with a thermometer and a pressure gauge, as well as a vacuum port 9 on the opposite side of the CO2 and H2O inlet port. The vacuum port 9 is used for vacuuming before CO2 enters the reaction chamber.

[0062] Meanwhile, the integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation is also equipped with a negative ion detection system, which includes:

[0063] An inhalation gas sampler, which is connected to the reaction chamber;

[0064] The sensor is connected to the reaction chamber;

[0065] The data processing and control module communicates with the inhaled gas sampler and sensors. This module monitors the concentration of carbanion ions in the reaction chamber in real time via sensors, optimizes low-energy electron settings, and adjusts the CO2 reduction reaction path to obtain specific carbon-based fuel products, thereby improving the selectivity of specific carbon-containing fuels. The inhaled gas sampler samples the reduction gas products in the reaction chamber, and online detection instruments such as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography are used to analyze and detect the CO2 reduction reaction products. The inhaled gas sampler, sensors, and data processing and control module are all commercially available products.

[0066] The integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation also includes a product collection and detection system, comprising:

[0067] The product separation chamber 10 is connected to the reaction chamber 2 via a pipeline, and the product separation chamber 10 is also equipped with an online product detector;

[0068] Gas storage tank 11 is connected to product separation chamber 10;

[0069] The liquid storage tank 12 is connected to the product separation chamber 10;

[0070] Low-energy electron attachment reduces CO2 / H2O to generate various reduction products, which need to be separated, collected, and reused. Therefore, a product collection and monitoring system is designed, consisting of a product separation chamber 10, a gas storage tank 11, a liquid storage tank 12, and an online product detector (all commercially available products). O2 separated in the product separation chamber 10 is directly discharged to participate in the internal gas circulation. The remaining gaseous products are transferred to the gas storage tank 11 for storage, and the liquid storage tank 12 stores liquid carbon-based fuel. The product separation chamber 10 can utilize molecular sieves that selectively adsorb CO2 from the products; or existing mature membrane separation technologies, including pressure-driven and permeation-driven membranes. The online product detector monitors the composition and concentration changes of the CO2 reduction products in real time, providing timely warnings in case of abnormalities to prevent safety accidents.

[0071] The number of devices and processing scale described herein are for the purpose of simplifying the description of the invention. Applications, modifications, and variations of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0072] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. An integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 using low-energy electron radiation in a confined space, characterized in that, include: The CO2 reduction reaction chamber has a reaction chamber inside, and a stage for placing the catalyst is provided inside the reaction chamber. The CO2 reduction reaction chamber is also provided with an electron gun interface. A low-energy electron source is connected to the CO2 reduction reaction chamber via an electron gun interface, and the electron beam extraction port of the low-energy electron source corresponds to the stage. The CO2 enrichment device is connected to a circulation pump. The CO2 enrichment device is equipped with a CO2 capture module and a heating module connected to the CO2 capture module. The CO2 enrichment device is connected to the CO2 reduction reaction chamber through a pipeline. A steam generator is connected to the CO2 reduction reaction chamber via a pipeline; The structure of the low-energy electron source includes: The gun body has a cathode and an anode opposite to the cathode inside; A gate is disposed at the rear end of the anode; A guiding and focusing module is disposed at the rear end of the gate, the guiding and focusing module comprising: The guide tube has its central axis coincident with the central axis of the anode, cathode, and grid, and the guide tube is connected to the electron beam extraction port; Multiple Helmholtz coils are disposed outside the guide tube.

2. The integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cathode is one of tantalum sheet, tungsten wire, or lanthanum hexaboride electrode sheet.

3. The integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The low-energy electron source is further provided with a beam monitoring module at its end. The beam monitoring module is located between the guide tube and the electron beam extraction port. The beam monitoring module is a Faraday tube and includes: A first electrode plate is disposed near the guide tube, and a second electrode plate and a third electrode plate are disposed sequentially at the rear end of the first electrode plate. The third electrode plate is integrally connected to a triangular tube.

4. The integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The catalyst is a metal oxide medium catalytic material, including one of Cu2O, SnO2, Co3O4, Bi2O3, In2O3, and ZnO. The catalyst is configured as a mesh template on a stage.

5. The integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The CO2 capture module and the heating module are configured such that the heating module is an electric heating plate, and the CO2 capture module is a porous CO2 adsorbent capture net disposed on the electric heating plate.

6. The integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation as described in claim 5, characterized in that... The porous CO2 adsorbent capture net is made of one of the following materials: biochar, silica gel, zirconium sodium zeolite, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-C), Al2O3, CeO2, and La2O3.

7. The integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The CO2 reduction reaction chamber is equipped with a radiation shielding layer on the outside.

8. The integrated system for purifying CO2 and regenerating O2 in a confined space using low-energy electron radiation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The CO2 reduction reaction chamber is also equipped with a thermometer and a pressure gauge, as well as a vacuum port on the opposite side of the CO2 and H2O inlet ports.

Images