Cylinder head, engine and vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a cylinder cover, an engine and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of engines, and specifically discloses a cylinder cover, which comprises a cylinder cover body and a pre-chamber structure, the cylinder cover body is formed with a combustion chamber, the pre-chamber structure comprises a shell and a piston, the shell is arranged on the cylinder cover body, the shell is formed with a spray hole, the piston is arranged in the shell to divide a space in the shell into a pre-chamber and an adjusting chamber, the adjusting chamber and the spray hole are both communicated with the combustion chamber, and the piston is movable in the shell to selectively communicate one of the pre-chamber and the adjusting chamber with the spray hole under the action of pressure. By arranging the pre-chamber structure on the cylinder cover body, arranging the piston in the shell, dividing the shell into the pre-chamber and the adjusting chamber, moving the piston relative to the shell, and arranging the spray hole on the shell and communicating the spray hole with the combustion chamber, the internal pressure of the pre-chamber structure can be increased, the internal gas flow of the pre-chamber structure can be enhanced, the dilution of lean burn of the engine can be improved, and the thermal efficiency of the engine can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a cylinder head, an engine and a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved by reducing fuel consumption, that is, by setting the mass ratio of air to gasoline to 14.7, but this method has reached the upper limit. The dilution degree is an important factor affecting the thermal efficiency of the lean-burn engine. The greater the mass ratio of air to gasoline, the higher the thermal efficiency, but the greater the dilution degree, the more difficult it is to ignite gasoline. The traditional spark plug ignition does not support high dilution degree lean-burn, thereby affecting the thermal efficiency of the engine.

[0003] In the related art, the pre-chamber cannot ignite the lean-burn mixture in the cylinder at low load, so an additional spark plug is needed for ignition. The ignition potential of the pre-chamber at medium load needs to be further improved, thereby affecting the thermal efficiency of the engine. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to at least solve one of the problems in the prior art. To this end, one object of the present application is to provide a cylinder head which can supercharge the pre-chamber, thereby improving the dilution degree of the lean-burn engine and improving the thermal efficiency of the engine.

[0005] The present application further provides an engine.

[0006] The present application further provides a vehicle.

[0007] According to the cylinder head of the present application, the cylinder head comprises a cylinder head body and a pre-chamber structure. The cylinder head body forms a combustion chamber. The pre-chamber structure comprises a housing and a piston. The housing is arranged on the cylinder head body. The housing forms a spray hole. The piston is arranged in the housing to divide the space in the housing into a pre-chamber and an adjustment chamber. The adjustment chamber and the spray hole are both in communication with the combustion chamber. The piston is movable in the housing to selectively communicate one of the pre-chamber and the adjustment chamber with the spray hole under the action of pressure.

[0008] According to the cylinder head of the present application, by arranging the pre-chamber structure on the cylinder head body and arranging the piston in the housing, the housing can be divided into the pre-chamber and the adjustment chamber. The piston moves relative to the housing. The spray hole is arranged on the housing and is in communication with the combustion chamber. This arrangement can increase the internal pressure of the pre-chamber structure and enhance the flow of the gas in the pre-chamber structure, thereby improving the dilution degree of the lean-burn engine and improving the thermal efficiency of the engine.

[0009] In some examples of the present application, the pre-chamber structure further comprises a guide rod arranged in the housing, and the piston is movably arranged in the guide rod.

[0010] In some examples of the present application, the guide rod comprises a rod body and a rod head, one end of the rod body is connected with the housing, the piston is movably arranged in the rod body, the rod head is connected with the other end of the rod body and located in the pre-chamber, and the rod head is in abutting engagement with the piston when the volume of the adjusting chamber is maximum.

[0011] In some examples of the present application, the pre-chamber structure further comprises an elastic member abutting between the housing and the piston.

[0012] In some examples of the present application, the pre-chamber structure further comprises a guide rod arranged in the housing, and the piston is movably arranged in the guide rod; wherein the elastic member is a coil spring, and the coil spring is sleeved on the guide rod.

[0013] In some examples of the present application, the housing is formed with a gas leakage hole, the adjusting chamber is communicated with the combustion chamber through the gas leakage hole, and the injection hole is higher than the gas leakage hole.

[0014] In some examples of the present application, the surface of the piston towards the pre-chamber is provided with a protrusion.

[0015] In some examples of the present application, the cylinder head further comprises a pre-chamber oil injector arranged in the cylinder head body or the housing and extending into the pre-chamber, and a spark plug arranged in the cylinder head body or the housing and extending into the pre-chamber.

[0016] According to the engine of the present application, the cylinder head described above is included.

[0017] According to the vehicle of the present application, the engine described above is included.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be partially given in the following description, partially will become obvious from the following description, or will be understood by the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily understood from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 is a partial structure schematic diagram of a cylinder head according to an example of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 is a structure schematic diagram of a pre-chamber structure.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-combustion chamber structure during engine intake;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-combustion chamber structure during engine compression;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-combustion chamber structure during engine operation;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-combustion chamber structure during engine exhaust;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the piston structure.

[0027] Figure label:

[0028] 100. Cylinder head;

[0029] 200. Cylinder head body; 300. Pre-combustion chamber structure; 310. Housing; 311. Injection port; 312. Pre-combustion chamber; 313. Adjustment chamber; 314. Vent port; 320. Piston; 321. Protrusion; 330. Guide rod; 331. Rod body; 332. Rod head; 340. Elastic element; 400. Pre-combustion chamber injector; 500. Spark plug. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary. The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0031] The following is for reference. Figures 1-7 A cylinder head 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described, which is applied in an engine.

[0032] like Figures 1-7 As shown, the cylinder head 100 according to the present invention includes: a cylinder head body 200 and a pre-combustion chamber structure 300. The cylinder head body 200 forms a combustion chamber. The pre-combustion chamber structure 300 includes a housing 310 and a piston 320. The housing 310 is disposed on the cylinder head body 200 and has a nozzle 311. The piston 320 is disposed on the housing 310 to divide the space inside the housing 310 into a pre-combustion chamber 312 and a regulating chamber 313. Both the regulating chamber 313 and the nozzle 311 are in communication with the combustion chamber. The piston 320 is movable within the housing 310 so that one of the pre-combustion chamber 312 and the regulating chamber 313 selectively communicates with the nozzle 311 under pressure.

[0033] It can be understood that the cylinder head body 200 and the pre-chamber structure 300 constitute the main structure of the cylinder head 100, the combustion chamber is formed in the cylinder head body 200, the pre-chamber structure 300 is arranged on the main body of the cylinder head 100, and the pre-chamber structure 300 is communicated with the combustion chamber, so that the mixed gas ignited in the pre-chamber structure 300 can enter the combustion chamber, the shell 310 and the piston 320 constitute the main structure of the pre-chamber structure 300, the shell 310 is located on the cylinder head body 200, a plurality of injection holes 311 are arranged on the shell 310, the plurality of injection holes 311 are arranged on the outer periphery of the shell 310 and are oppositely arranged, each injection hole 311 is arranged obliquely relative to the vertical center line of the shell 310, the end of the injection hole 311 away from the vertical center line of the shell 310 is lower than the end of the injection hole 311 close to the vertical center line of the shell 310, and the injection hole 311 is arranged spirally relative to the longitudinal center line of the shell 310, so that the gas entering the pre-chamber structure 300 can form a vortex, thereby increasing the pressure in the pre-chamber structure 300, the piston 320 can move up and down relative to the shell 310, and the piston 320 can divide the space in the shell 310 into the pre-chamber 312 and the adjusting chamber 313, the pre-chamber 312 is above the adjusting chamber 313, which can make the adjusting chamber 313 communicated with the combustion chamber through the injection hole 311, when the piston 320 moves below the injection hole 311, the pre-chamber 312 is connected with the combustion chamber through the injection hole 311, when the piston 320 moves above the injection hole 311, the adjusting chamber 313 is communicated with the combustion chamber through the injection hole 311, which can change the pressure in the pre-chamber 312 by the movement of the piston 320, so that the pre-chamber structure 300 can be used to ignite the combustion chamber under small load, and the spark plug structure is not needed to be added in the combustion chamber to ignite, thereby facilitating the installation and lightweight design of the internal structure of the cylinder head 100, improving the ignition efficiency of the combustion chamber under medium and high load, thereby improving the dilution of the lean burn of the engine and the thermal efficiency of the engine.

[0034] Therefore, by arranging the pre-chamber structure 300 on the cylinder head body 200, the piston 320 in the shell 310, so as to divide the shell 310 into the pre-chamber 312 and the adjusting chamber 313, the piston 320 moves relative to the shell 310, and the injection hole 311 is arranged on the shell 310 and communicated with the combustion chamber, which can increase the internal pressure of the pre-chamber structure 300 and enhance the flow of the gas in the pre-chamber structure 300, thereby improving the dilution of the lean burn of the engine and the thermal efficiency of the engine.

[0035] In addition, as Figure 2As shown in the figure, the precombustion chamber structure 300 further comprises a guide rod 330, which is arranged in the shell 310, and the piston 320 is movably arranged in the guide rod 330. That is, the guide rod 330 is located in the shell 310, and the guide rod 330 is located on the longitudinal center line of the shell 310, the lower end of the guide rod 330 is arranged in the lower end of the shell 310, so that the guide rod 330 and the shell 310 can be connected as a whole, and the piston 320 is arranged in the guide rod 330 and can move up and down relative to the guide rod 330. This arrangement can limit the piston 320 by the guide rod 330, so that the piston 320 can move more stably, thereby improving the combustion efficiency in the precombustion chamber 312.

[0036] As shown in the figure, Figure 2 The guide rod 330 comprises a rod body 331 and a rod head 332, one end of the rod body 331 is connected with the shell 310, the piston 320 is movably arranged in the rod body 331, the rod head 332 is connected to the other end of the rod body 331 and located in the precombustion chamber 312, and the rod head 332 abuts against the piston 320 when the volume of the adjusting chamber 313 is maximum. It can be understood that the rod body 331 and the rod head 332 constitute the main structure of the guide rod 330, the lower end of the rod body 331 is connected with the lower end of the shell 310, so that the guide rod 330 and the shell 310 can be connected as a whole, the rod head 332 is located at the upper end of the rod body 331, and the piston 320 moves between the rod head 332 and the lower end of the rod body 331. This arrangement can make the rod head 332 located in the precombustion chamber 312, and when the piston 320 moves to the uppermost end, the rod head 332 can limit the piston 320, so that the piston 320 can reciprocate in the up and down direction, thereby improving the combustion efficiency in the precombustion chamber 312.

[0037] In addition, as shown in the figure, Figure 2 The precombustion chamber structure 300 further comprises an elastic member 340, which abuts between the shell 310 and the piston 320. That is, the upper end of the elastic member 340 is connected with the lower surface of the piston 320, and the lower end of the elastic member 340 is connected with the lower end of the shell 310. This arrangement can provide the elastic member 340 with an elastic force to the piston 320, so that the piston 320 can move against the elastic force of the elastic member 340. The precombustion chamber 312 is subjected to two kinds of pressure, one of which is the pressure in the cylinder, and the other is the pressure of the elastic member 340 itself. The pressure of the elastic member 340 itself is strictly calculated to be about 2-5 atmospheres, and the pressure of the elastic member 340 itself can be selected according to actual needs, so as to increase the pressure in the precombustion chamber 312, thereby improving the combustion efficiency in the precombustion chamber 312.

[0038] As shown in the figure, Figure 2As shown, the precombustion chamber structure 300 further comprises a guide rod 330, the guide rod 330 is arranged in the shell 310, and the piston 320 is movably arranged in the guide rod 330; wherein the elastic member 340 is a coil spring, and the coil spring is sleeved on the guide rod 330. It can be understood that the guide rod 330 is located in the shell 310, and the guide rod 330 is located on the longitudinal center line of the shell 310, and the lower end of the guide rod 330 is arranged in the lower end of the shell 310, so that the guide rod 330 and the shell 310 can be connected as a whole, and the piston 320 is arranged in the guide rod 330, and the piston 320 can move up and down relative to the guide rod 330, which can make the guide rod 330 limit the piston 320, so that the piston 320 can move more stably, and the coil spring is sleeved on the guide rod 330, so that the guide rod 330 can limit the coil spring, and then the coil spring can provide elastic force to the piston 320.

[0039] In addition, as shown in Figure 2 The shell 310 is formed with a gas leakage hole 314, the adjusting chamber 313 communicates with the combustion chamber through the gas leakage hole 314, and the injection hole 311 is higher than the gas leakage hole 314. That is to say, the gas leakage hole 314 is located at the lower end of the shell 310, and the plurality of injection holes 311 are located at the outer periphery of the shell 310, so that the plurality of injection holes 311 are located above the gas leakage hole 314. The gas leakage hole 314 can make the adjusting chamber 313 communicate with the combustion chamber through the gas leakage hole 314, so that the mixed gas in the adjusting chamber 313 can flow into the combustion chamber, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the combustion chamber.

[0040] In particular, as shown in Figure 7 The surface of the piston 320 facing the precombustion chamber 312 is provided with a protrusion 321, that is, the upper surface of the piston 320 is provided with the protrusion 321, which can make the upper surface of the piston 320 form an uneven surface, thereby enhancing the gas flow in the precombustion chamber 312 during upward movement of the piston 320, thereby improving the dilution of engine lean combustion.

[0041] In addition, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The cylinder head 100 further comprises a precombustion chamber oil injector 400 and a spark plug 500, the precombustion chamber oil injector 400 is arranged on the cylinder head body 200 or the shell 310 and extends into the precombustion chamber 312, and the spark plug 500 is arranged on the cylinder head body 200 or the shell 310 and extends into the precombustion chamber 312. It can be understood that the precombustion chamber oil injector 400 and the spark plug 500 are arranged on the cylinder head body 200, and part of the precombustion chamber oil injector 400 and the spark plug 500 extends into the shell 310, so that the precombustion chamber oil injector 400 can spray oil, and the spark plug 500 can ignite, thereby facilitating ignition in the precombustion chamber 312.

[0042] In particular, asFigures 3-6 As shown, during the intake process, the engine piston moves downward, the intake valve opens, fresh air enters, at this time, the gas pressure in the cylinder decreases, the gas in the adjusting chamber 313 flows into the combustion chamber through the exhaust hole 314, the piston 320 in the precombustion chamber structure 300 starts to move downward against the pressure of the elastic member 340, when the piston 320 moves through the injection hole 311, the fresh air in the cylinder rushes into the precombustion chamber 312 through the injection hole 311; during the compression process, the engine piston moves upward, at this time, the gas pressure in the cylinder increases, the gas in the cylinder enters the adjusting chamber 313 through the exhaust hole 314, and the piston 320 starts to move upward; during the work process, after the precombustion chamber oil injector 400 sprays oil and the spark plug 500 ignites, the mixed gas in the precombustion chamber 312 explodes under high flow and pressure, thereby pushing the piston 320 to move downward, after the piston 320 passes through the injection hole 311, the flame in the precombustion chamber 312 enters the combustion chamber through the injection hole 311, thereby igniting the mixed gas in the combustion chamber; during the exhaust process, the engine piston moves upward for exhaust, and the piston 320 in the precombustion chamber structure 300 moves upward to the initial position.

[0043] The engine according to the embodiment of the present application comprises the cylinder head 100 of the above embodiment, which can pressurize the precombustion chamber 312, thereby improving the dilution of lean combustion of the engine.

[0044] The vehicle according to the embodiment of the present application comprises the engine of the above embodiment, and the cylinder head 100 can improve the thermal efficiency of the engine.

[0045] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0046] In the description of the application, "a first feature", "a second feature" can include one or more of the features. In the description of the application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more. In the description of the application, "over" or "under" a second feature of a first feature can include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or can include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. In the description of the application, "over", "above" and "on" a second feature of a first feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature.

[0047] In the description of the application, the description referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiment", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In the description of the application, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example.

[0048] Although the embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made thereto without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, and the scope of the application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cylinder head, characterized in that, include: Cylinder head body (200), wherein a combustion chamber is formed in the cylinder head body (200); A pre-combustion chamber structure (300) includes a housing (310) and a piston (320). The housing (310) is disposed on the cylinder head body (200). The housing (310) has a nozzle (311). The piston (320) is disposed on the housing (310) to divide the space inside the housing (310) into a pre-combustion chamber (312) and an adjustment chamber (313). The adjustment chamber (313) and the nozzle (311) are both connected to the combustion chamber. The piston (320) is movable within the housing (310) so that one of the pre-combustion chamber (312) and the adjustment chamber (313) selectively connects to the nozzle (311) under pressure.

2. The cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-combustion chamber structure (300) also includes: A guide rod (330) is disposed on the housing (310), and a piston (320) is movably disposed through the guide rod (330).

3. The cylinder head according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide rod (330) includes: A rod (331), one end of which is connected to the housing (310), and a piston (320) is movably inserted through the rod (331); The rod head (332) is connected to the other end of the rod body (331) and located in the pre-combustion chamber (312). When the volume of the regulating chamber (313) is at its maximum, the rod head (332) abuts against the piston (320).

4. The cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-combustion chamber structure (300) also includes: An elastic element (340) abuts between the housing (310) and the piston (320).

5. The cylinder head according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pre-combustion chamber structure (300) also includes: A guide rod (330) is disposed in the housing (310), and a piston (320) is movably disposed through the guide rod (330); The elastic element (340) is a helical spring, which is sleeved on the guide rod (330).

6. The cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (310) has a vent hole (314), the regulating chamber (313) is connected to the combustion chamber through the vent hole (314), and the nozzle (311) is higher than the vent hole (314).

7. The cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piston (320) has a protrusion (321) on its surface facing the pre-combustion chamber (312).

8. The cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A pre-combustion chamber injector (400) is disposed on the cylinder head body (200) or the housing (310) and extends into the pre-combustion chamber (312); Spark plug (500) is disposed on the cylinder head body (200) or the housing (310) and extends into the pre-combustion chamber (312).

9. An engine, characterized in that, include: The cylinder head (100) according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: The engine as claimed in claim 9.

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