A mechanical precision seed metering device for both oilseed and wheat.

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of sowing machine technical field, specifically to a kind of mechanical oil and wheat dual-purpose precision seed metering device, by setting up rape nest seed groove on the outer circle end face of seed metering wheel, the rape nest seed groove will its internal rape seed be sent to seed metering port under the rotation of seed metering wheel, so as to realize the precision seed metering of rape seed;And after the wheat seed is stacked in the inner circle position of seed metering wheel, the contained wheat seed is sent to seed metering port by wheat nest seed unit when seed metering wheel rotates, so as to realize the precision seed metering of wheat seed, so according to actual planting demand, the planting of rape or wheat can be realized, without replacing seed metering wheel, reduce equipment cost investment, while the number of each time seed metering is uniform, both can guarantee planting quality, also can avoid seed waste, further reduce planting cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seeder technology, specifically to a mechanical precision seed metering device suitable for both oilseeds and wheat. Background Technology

[0002] Seed metering devices are the core components of seeders, and their performance directly affects the quality of seeding operations. Seed metering devices can generally be divided into mechanical seed metering devices, pneumatic seed metering devices, and seed metering devices that combine the two, according to their working principle.

[0003] For example, Chinese invention patent application CN115280939A provides a pneumatic roller-type vegetable seed metering device, including a seed metering housing, an air chamber housing, a seed metering roller, a drive shaft, and a seed cleaning mechanism. The air chamber housing is connected to the seed metering housing through a sealing ring. The seed metering roller is provided with multiple seed suction holes, which are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the seed metering roller. Symmetrical seed-disturbing strips are arranged between two adjacent seed suction holes. The two ends of the drive shaft are respectively installed on the seed metering housing and the air chamber housing. The seed metering roller is installed on the drive shaft, and the seed cleaning mechanism is installed on the seed metering housing.

[0004] Because pneumatic seed metering devices have a complex overall structure and require high airtightness, their maintenance and repair costs are high, and their large size makes them inconvenient to transport. They are also unsuitable for windy and sandy working environments in arid northern regions, affecting seeding efficiency and quality, and thus failing to meet seeding needs.

[0005] For example, Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN204316990U provides a rapeseed precision seed metering device, including a housing, in which a seeding wheel runs through the housing. The seeding wheel is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer that are closely attached to each other. The outer layer rotates relative to the inner layer. The outer layer of the seeding wheel has evenly distributed through holes. The inner layer is disconnected at the bottom. A limiting plate with one end close to the seeding wheel is fixed on the housing. The limiting plate, the outer shell and the seeding wheel form a closed seed filling area. A seed cleaning brush with bristles close to the seeding wheel is also fixed on the housing. A gap is left between the seed cleaning brush and the limiting plate.

[0006] Although mechanical seed metering devices are simple in structure and low in cost, they can only perform constant-rate seeding for rapeseed or wheat. Moreover, due to the significant difference in seeding rates between rapeseed and wheat, they cannot achieve precision seeding for both rapeseed and wheat. Therefore, in areas where rapeseed and wheat need to be planted sequentially or simultaneously, different types of seed metering devices are required for different crops, or the components of the seed metering device need to be replaced according to the crop being planted. This will increase planting costs, reduce agricultural economic benefits, and fail to meet actual planting needs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a mechanical precision seed metering device that can be used for both oilseed and wheat cultivation, thereby solving the problem of high planting costs associated with current seed metering devices for both oilseed and wheat cultivation.

[0008] The technical solution of this invention to achieve the above objectives is as follows:

[0009] A mechanical precision seed metering device for both oilseed rape and wheat includes a seed metering wheel and a seed metering housing sleeved on the outside of the seed metering wheel. The seed metering wheel is rotatably connected to the seed metering housing, and the outer end face of the seed metering wheel is close to the inner wall of the seed metering housing. A rapeseed seed trough and a wheat seed trough communicating with the inner circle of the seed metering wheel are formed on the outer end face of the seed metering wheel. Both the rapeseed seed trough and the wheat seed trough are arranged circumferentially around the outer end face of the seed metering wheel. The seed metering housing has a rapeseed seed inlet opposite to the rapeseed seed trough, a wheat seed inlet extending to the inner circle of the seed metering wheel, and a seed metering port opposite to both the rapeseed seed trough and the wheat seed trough.

[0010] Furthermore, the rapeseed seed inlet and the wheat seed inlet are arranged in the same direction, and the rapeseed seed inlet and the seed discharge inlet are symmetrical about the center of the seed discharge wheel.

[0011] Further defined, the inner wall of the rapeseed planting trough includes a first arc segment, a straight segment, and a second arc segment connected in sequence, the radius of the second arc segment is smaller than the radius of the first arc segment, and the angle between the axis of the straight segment and the axis of the first arc segment is 0 to 15°.

[0012] Further specifying, the depth of the rapeseed planting trough is d, E max <d<2E min The radius of the first arc segment is R. E max E represents the maximum diameter of the rapeseed seed. min This represents the minimum diameter of the rapeseed seed.

[0013] Furthermore, the mechanical precision seed metering device for both rapeseed and oilseed crops also includes a seed cleaning brush, which is located at the rapeseed inlet and has its bottom in contact with the outer end face of the seed metering wheel.

[0014] Further defining the wheat seeding unit, it includes a wheat seed guide groove formed on the inner end face of the seed metering wheel, a wheat seed guide hole formed on the outer end face of the seed metering wheel, a spiral seed guide groove extending from the bottom end face of the wheat seed guide groove to communicate with the wheat seed guide hole, and a seed guide inclined plate disposed in the wheat seed guide groove. The wheat seed guide hole is connected to the bottom end of the spiral seed guide groove, the top end of the spiral seed guide groove is located below the bottom end of the seed guide inclined plate, and the top end of the seed guide inclined plate extends from the bottom end face of the wheat seed guide groove to the top of the inner end face of the seed metering wheel.

[0015] Further specified, the width of the wheat seed guide hole increases along the length direction of the wheat seed guide hole, and the maximum width of the wheat seed guide hole is D, 2b. max <D<3b min The depth of the wheat seed guide hole is C. The length of the wheat seed guide hole is A. Where b max b represents the maximum width of the wheat seed. min The minimum width of a wheat seed, l max The maximum length of a wheat seed, l min This represents the minimum length of a wheat seed.

[0016] Further specifying, the pitch of the spiral seed guide groove is P, where P>l max The spiral seed guide groove has 0.5 turns, and its radius is the same as the width of the wheat seed guide groove. The distance between the top of the seed guide inclined plate and the inner end face of the seed metering wheel is H, where H>1. max The angle between the tangent at the connection point between the wheat seed guide groove and the seed guide inclined plate and the seed guide inclined plate is 25-50°.

[0017] Furthermore, the mechanical precision seed metering device for both oilseed and wheat also includes a seed guard plate, which is located on the inner ring of the seed metering wheel and coaxially arranged with the seed metering wheel. The seed guard plate is connected to the seed metering housing and is located between the wheat seed inlet and the seed metering outlet, with the seed guard plate and the seed metering outlet being arranged opposite each other.

[0018] Further defined, the seed metering shell includes a rear shell and a front shell connected to the rear shell, the rapeseed seed inlet and the seed metering inlet are both located in the rear shell, the seed metering wheel is rotatably connected to the rear shell via a drive shaft, the wheat seed inlet is located in the front shell, and the front shell is also connected to a seed protection plate.

[0019] In summary, the beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0020] This invention achieves precise rapeseed sowing by creating rapeseed seed troughs on the outer end face of the seed metering wheel, allowing the rapeseed seeds inside to be delivered to the seed outlet as the seed metering wheel rotates. Similarly, wheat seeds, after being piled into the inner ring of the seed metering wheel, are delivered to the seed outlet through the wheat seed troughs as the wheel rotates, achieving precise wheat sowing. Therefore, this invention can be used to plant either rapeseed or wheat according to actual planting needs without replacing the seed metering wheel, reducing equipment costs. Furthermore, the uniform sowing quantity ensures planting quality and avoids seed waste, further reducing planting costs. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the seeding reel structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the wheat seed guide hole model in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 a is a model diagram of a wheat seed storage hole; Figure 4 b is a schematic diagram of the wheat seed guide hole dimensions. Figure 4 c is a schematic diagram of the thickness of the wheat seed guide hole;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a partial model diagram of the seed reel in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein... Figure 5 a is a model diagram of a spiral seed guide groove. Figure 5 b is a model diagram of a wheat planting unit;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the wheat seeding process in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the rapeseed planting trough model in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rapeseed planting process in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the mechanical precision seed metering device for both oilseeds and wheat, as described in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0030] 100-Seed metering shell; 101-Rapeseed seed inlet; 102-Wheat seed inlet; 103-Seed metering port; 104-Connecting plate; 110-Rear shell; 111-Front shell; 200-Seed metering wheel; 201-Drive shaft; 300-Rapeseed seed trough; 301-First arc segment; 302-Straight segment; 303-Second arc segment; 400-Wheat seed unit; 401-Wheat seed guide trough; 402-Spiral seed guide trough; 403-Wheat seed guide hole; 404-Seed guide inclined plate; 500-Seed protection plate; 600-Seed cleaning brush. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] refer to Figures 1-3This embodiment provides a mechanical precision seed metering device suitable for both oilseed rape and wheat, including a seed metering housing 100 and a seed metering wheel 200. The seed metering housing 100 is sleeved on the outside of the seed metering wheel 200, and the seed metering housing 100 and the seed metering wheel 200 are rotatably connected. The seed metering housing 100 is usually connected to the sowing machinery, so a connecting plate 104 is correspondingly provided on the seed metering housing 100 to facilitate the disassembly and connection of the seed metering housing 100 and the sowing machinery. The seed metering wheel 200 is driven to the rotating output end of the sowing machinery. The corresponding seed metering wheel 200 is rotatably connected to the seed metering housing 100 through a drive shaft 201, so that the rotating output end of the sowing machinery is driven to the drive shaft 201, driving the seed metering wheel 200 to rotate inside the seed metering housing 100.

[0034] To further explain, a sowing chamber is provided inside the seed metering housing 100. The sowing chamber has a cylindrical structure, and the seed metering wheel 200 is set inside the sowing chamber. The sowing chamber and the seed metering wheel 200 are coaxially arranged. The thickness of the sowing chamber is not less than the thickness of the seed metering wheel 200 to avoid the seed metering wheel 200 from contacting the inner wall of the sowing chamber and causing wear when it rotates inside the sowing chamber.

[0035] Regarding precision seeding of rapeseed:

[0036] A rapeseed seed trough 300 is provided on the outer end face of the seed metering wheel 200. The gap between the outer end face of the seed metering wheel 200 and the inner wall of the sowing chamber is smaller than the diameter of a single rapeseed seed. This allows the rapeseed seeds stored in the rapeseed seed trough 300 to move clockwise or counterclockwise along the inner wall of the sowing chamber as the seed metering wheel 200 rotates. Furthermore, the rapeseed seeds will not fall from the rapeseed seed trough 300 into the space between the outer end face of the seed metering wheel 200 and the inner wall of the sowing chamber.

[0037] Furthermore, the circumferential end face of the seed metering shell 100 is provided with a rapeseed seed inlet 101 and a seed metering outlet 103. Both the rapeseed seed inlet 101 and the seed metering outlet 103 are connected to the sowing chamber. The rapeseed seed inlet 101 is located at the upper left or upper right of the seed metering shell 100 and is used to collect the rapeseed seeds to be sown to the outer ring of the seed metering wheel 200. The seed metering outlet 103 is located at the lower left or lower right of the seed metering shell 100. That is, the rapeseed seed inlet 101 and the seed metering outlet 103 can be selected to be located on the same side or on the corresponding sides of the seed metering shell 100.

[0038] During rapeseed seeding, rapeseed seeds poured in through the seed inlet 101 fall into the rapeseed seed trough 300. Since the distance between the seed metering wheel 200 and the seeding chamber is less than the diameter of the rapeseed seed, excess rapeseed seeds are scraped off by the seed inlet 101 after the corresponding number of seeds have been filled into the seed trough 300, thus ensuring a controllable number of rapeseed seeds in each seed trough 300. To prevent damage to the rapeseed seeds from the seed inlet 101, a seed cleaning brush 600 is installed on the seed inlet 101. Based on the rotation direction of the seed metering wheel 200, the seed cleaning brush 600 is positioned on the side opposite to the rotation direction of the seed metering wheel 200, used to remove excess rapeseed seeds from the seed trough 300.

[0039] When the seed metering wheel 200 rotates, it drives the rapeseed seeds in the rapeseed seed trough 300 to move from the rapeseed inlet 101 to the seed metering outlet 103. The seed metering outlet 103 is open downwards, so that the rapeseed seeds in the rapeseed seed trough 300 fall out of the seed metering outlet 103 under their own gravity, thus completing precision seeding.

[0040] According to planting needs, select the size of the rapeseed seed trough 300 so that each rapeseed seed trough 300 can hold the estimated number of rapeseed seeds. For example, if a single rapeseed seed trough 300 holds one rapeseed seed, then the diameter of the rapeseed seed trough 300 needs to be between the diameter of the largest rapeseed seed and the sum of the diameters of the two smallest rapeseed seeds.

[0041] Meanwhile, in order to improve sowing efficiency, multiple rapeseed seed troughs 300 are selected. Multiple rapeseed seed troughs 300 are set at equal intervals around the axis of the seed metering wheel 200 on the outer end face of the seed metering wheel 200, so that sowing is uniform.

[0042] To further improve sowing efficiency and avoid excessively small spacing between adjacent rapeseed seed troughs 300, two rapeseed seed groups are set on the outer end face of the seed metering wheel 200. Each rapeseed seed group contains multiple rapeseed seed troughs 300 with the same spacing and number. The axes of the rapeseed seed troughs 300 in the same group are coplanar. The two rapeseed seed groups are staggered, that is, one rapeseed seed trough 300 in one rapeseed seed group is located on the axis of symmetry of the corresponding two rapeseed seed troughs 300 in another rapeseed seed group. The rapeseed inlet 101 is opposite to both rapeseed seed groups, so that the rapeseed seeds planted at the rapeseed inlet 101 can fall into the rapeseed seed troughs 300 opposite to the rapeseed inlet 101 in both rapeseed seed groups at the same time. As the seed metering wheel 200 rotates, the two rapeseed seed groups sequentially drop the rapeseed seeds in the rapeseed seed troughs 300 from the seed metering port 103 by their own weight and centrifugal force.

[0043] Regarding precision seeding of wheat:

[0044] A wheat seeding unit 400 is formed on the outer end face of the seed metering wheel 200, connecting to the inner end face of the seed metering wheel 200. The wheat seeding unit 400 is located outside the rapeseed seeding trough 300, that is, when the rapeseed inlet 101 is opposite to the rapeseed seeding trough 300, the wheat seeding unit 400 is located outside the rapeseed inlet 101. At the same time, the seed metering port 103 is opposite to the wheat seeding unit 400. Correspondingly, a wheat seeding port 102 is formed on the seed metering shell 100. The wheat seeding port 102 is located... On the end face of the seed metering shell 100, the wheat seed inlet 102 is connected to the inner ring of the seed metering wheel 200, so that when wheat is being seeded, the wheat seeds are piled up on the inner ring of the seed metering wheel 200 through the wheat seed inlet 102. The wheat seeds located on the inner ring of the seed metering wheel 200 fall into the wheat seeding unit 400. Under the restriction of the inner wall of the sowing chamber, the wheat seeds in the wheat seeding unit 400 are moved to the seed metering port 103 by the rotation of the seed metering wheel 200 and discharged, thereby completing the wheat seeding.

[0045] Since the wheat seeding unit 400 is located outside the rapeseed seed inlet 101, it prevents wheat seeds in the wheat seeding unit 400 from falling into the rapeseed seed inlet 101, and also prevents rapeseed seeds in the rapeseed seed inlet 101 from falling into the inner ring of the seeding reel 200 through the wheat seeding unit 400.

[0046] The seed metering port 103 faces downwards. The seed metering port 103 is located at the end of the seed metering wheel 200 according to the rotation direction of the seed metering wheel 200. That is, when the seed metering wheel 200 rotates clockwise, the seed metering port 103 is located at the lower right corner of the seed metering housing 100, and when the seed metering wheel 200 rotates counterclockwise, the seed metering port 103 is located at the lower left corner of the seed metering housing 100. More preferably, the rapeseed seed inlet 101 and the seed metering port 103 are not located on the same side of the seed metering housing 100. That is, the rapeseed seed inlet 101 and the seed metering port 103 are symmetrical about the center of the seed metering wheel 200, and the rapeseed seed inlet 101 and the wheat seed inlet 102 are located on the same side of the seed metering housing 100.

[0047] To further explain, the wheat seeding unit 400 includes a wheat seed guiding hole 403 opened on the outer end face of the seed metering wheel 200, a wheat seed guiding groove 401 opened on the inner end face of the seed metering wheel 200, a spiral seed guiding groove 402 opened on the wheat seed guiding groove 401 and communicating with the wheat seed guiding hole 403, and a seed guiding inclined plate 404 located above the spiral seed guiding groove 402.

[0048] Specifically, the wheat seed guide hole 403 is opened on the outer end face of the seed metering wheel 200. The size of the wheat seed guide hole 403 is opened according to the seed metering requirements. For example, if 2 to 3 seeds are seeded at a time, the wheat seed guide hole 403 needs to be able to accommodate 2 to 3 wheat seeds at the same time. The inner end face of the seed metering wheel 200 is provided with a wheat seed guide groove 401. The wheat seed guide groove 401 is coaxially arranged with the seed metering wheel 200. The spiral seed guide groove 402 extends spirally from the bottom surface of the wheat seed guide groove 401 to communicate with the wheat seed guide hole 403.

[0049] The width of the spiral seed guide groove 402 is between the length of one wheat seed and the sum of the lengths of two wheat seeds. To allow the wheat seeds to lie flat along the spiral seed guide groove 402 and fall into the wheat seed guide hole 403, the bottom of the seed guide inclined plate 404 is connected to the bottom surface of the wheat seed guide groove 401. The bottom of the seed guide inclined plate 404 is located above the spiral seed guide groove 402, and the top of the seed guide inclined plate 404 extends above the wheat seed guide groove 401. The tangent at the connection point between the bottom of the seed guide inclined plate 404 and the wheat seed guide groove 401 is perpendicular to... The included angle between the corresponding seed guide plates 404 is 25-50°, and the seed guide plates 404 are oriented in the same direction as the rotation direction of the seed metering wheel 200. When the upright wheat seeds slide along the spiral seed guide groove 402 into the wheat seed guide hole 403, the distance between the seed guide plates 404 and the spiral seed guide groove 402 gradually decreases, thereby pushing the upright wheat seeds to lie down. This allows the wheat seeds in the wheat seed guide hole 403 to move to the seed metering port 103 for discharge under the drive of the seed metering wheel 200, thus achieving precision seed metering.

[0050] Meanwhile, when wheat seeds are present in the wheat seed guide hole 403, excess wheat seeds accumulate between the spiral seed guide groove 402 and the seed guide inclined plate 404. As the seed metering wheel 200 rotates, the wheat seeds accumulated between the spiral seed guide groove 402 and the seed guide inclined plate 404 rotate from bottom to top to the top of the seed metering wheel. Under the action of their own gravity, the excess wheat seeds slide out along the spiral seed guide groove 402 and fall to the bottom of the inner ring of the seed metering wheel 200. The wheat seeds located in the wheat seed guide hole 403 are stored between the wheat seed guide hole 403 and the inner wall of the sowing chamber until they fall from the seed metering port 103 at the bottom.

[0051] To prevent wheat seeds from accumulating in the inner ring of the seed metering wheel 200 and falling directly into the seed outlet 103, a seed protection plate 500 is installed in the seeding chamber. The seed protection plate 500 is coaxially arranged with the seed metering wheel 200 and is located near the top of the seed guide plate 404 above the seed outlet 103. This prevents wheat seeds accumulating in the inner ring of the seed metering wheel 200 from being discharged directly through the wheat seed collection unit 400 from the seed outlet 103, and also prevents excess wheat seeds from falling to the top and facilitating their inclusion in the accumulated wheat seeds.

[0052] Similarly, there are multiple wheat seed units 400, which are equally spaced around the axis of the seed metering wheel 200. Alternatively, multiple wheat seed units 400 can be arranged in two rings on the seed metering wheel 200. The two rings of wheat seed units 400 can be arranged on either side of the two rapeseed seed groups, or on both sides of the two rapeseed seed groups. That is, in the thickness direction of the seed metering wheel 200, the two rapeseed seed groups are located between the two rings of wheat seed units 400. To avoid the two rings of wheat seed units 400 from falling at the seed outlet 103 at the same time, the two rings of wheat seed units 400 are staggered in the circumferential direction of the seed metering wheel 200.

[0053] Therefore, this application can inject wheat seeds when planting wheat and rapeseed seeds when planting rapeseed, according to the needs of crop planting, to meet actual planting needs. It has a simple structure, low cost, and precise seeding, resulting in high planting quality.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] Based on Example 1, this embodiment will further explain the mechanical precision seed metering device for both oilseed and wheat based on planting needs, with the diameter of the seed metering wheel 200 being 140mm as an example.

[0056] For precision seeding of wheat:

[0057] When planting wheat, select a single wheat seed guide hole 403 to store 2 to 3 wheat seeds. The total number of wheat seeding units 400 is 36, that is, the number of wheat seeding units 400 in a circle is 18.

[0058] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 In the middle section, the wheat seed guide hole 403 holds two wheat seeds, each seed being l in length and b in width. Figure 4 As shown in b, the length of the wheat seed guide hole 403 is A (unit: mm), the width is B (unit: mm), the maximum width is D (unit: mm), and the depth is C (unit: mm). It is necessary to avoid having two layers of wheat seeds simultaneously in the wheat seed guide hole 403, ensuring that the number of seeds inside is greater than two. Specifically:

[0059]

[0060] b max <B<2b min

[0061]

[0062] 2b max <D<3b min

[0063] lmax The maximum length of a wheat seed, l min b is the minimum length of a wheat seed. max b represents the maximum width of the wheat seed. min This represents the minimum width of a wheat seed. The above dimensions of a wheat seed can be obtained by collecting multiple wheat seeds.

[0064] Among them, the wheat seed guide hole 403 has an L-shaped structure. The seed inlet end of the wheat seed guide hole 403 is connected to the end of the spiral seed guide groove 402 in the horizontal direction. The seed outlet end of the wheat seed guide hole 403 is set vertically and is flush with the outer ring end face of the seed metering wheel 200. In order to facilitate the wheat seeds to slide into the wheat seed guide hole 403 side by side from the spiral seed guide groove 402, the seed outlet end of the wheat seed guide hole 403 includes a circular arc surface and a straight surface connected in sequence. In order to improve the seed cleaning efficiency and avoid clogging, the included angle between the tangents at the intersection of the straight surface and the circular arc surface is 3 to 5°.

[0065] refer to Figure 5 According to the principle of minimum potential energy, the horizontal position of wheat is the most likely stable state for wheat seeds. To prevent upright wheat from clogging the seed guide hole 403, and to ensure that the seed guide hole 403 can disrupt the force chain network of the wheat population in the seed filling area, allowing wheat seeds to enter the seed guide hole 403 in a horizontal position, the inclination angle of the seed guide plate 404 can be selected from 25 to 50°, preferably 35°, and the pitch of the spiral seed guide groove 402 is P, where P>1. max The spiral seed guide groove 402 has 0.5 turns, and the distance between the top of the seed guide inclined plate 404 and the inner end face of the seed metering wheel 200 is H>l. max The spiral seed guide groove 402, which descends in a spiral, can both guide the wheat seeds to slide into the wheat seed guide hole 403 and prevent the wheat seeds from standing upright.

[0066] refer to Figure 6The pale yellow portion represents wheat seeds. In actual operation, based on the wheat seed dispensing process, the sowing chamber is divided into four zones: wheat seed filling zone I, wheat seed cleaning zone II, wheat seed carrying zone III, and wheat seed placement zone IV. ω represents the rotation direction of the seed dispensing wheel 200. Wheat seeds are deposited in wheat seed filling zone I through the wheat seed inlet 102. The wheat seeds slide horizontally into the wheat seed guide hole 403 along the spiral seed guide groove 402. After 2-3 wheat seeds are placed in the seed guide hole 403, the remaining seeds accumulate between the spiral seed guide groove 402 and the seed guide inclined plate 404, as well as on the outside of the wheat seed guide groove 401 and the seed protection plate 500. When the seed dispensing wheel 200 rotates clockwise, the wheat seeds in the wheat seed guide hole 403 are placed... The seeds are moved to the wheat seed cleaning area II. During this process, the wheat seeds in the wheat seed guide hole 403 are confined within the wheat seed guide hole 403 and prevented from slipping out by the action of the wheat seed guide hole 403 and the seed guide inclined plate 404. The excess wheat seeds fall back into the wheat filling area I due to their own weight. When the wheat seeds in the wheat seed guide hole 403 rotate with the seed metering wheel 200 to the wheat seed carrying area III, the wheat seed unit 400 in the wheat seed carrying area III carries 2 to 3 wheat seeds and then enters the wheat sowing area IV. The seed metering port 103 is located in the wheat sowing area IV. After the wheat seed guide hole 403 does not contact the inner wall of the sowing chamber, the seeds in the wheat seed guide hole 403 fall into the seed metering port 103 to complete the precision sowing of wheat.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] Based on Examples 1 and 2, this example further illustrates precision seeding of rapeseed:

[0069] refer to Figure 7 The gray part is the inner wall of the rapeseed seed trough 300, and the orange part is the cross-section of the seeding wheel 200. Since rapeseed seeds are nearly spherical, the rapeseed seed trough 300 that holds the rapeseed seeds is selected as a hemispherical structure. The number of rapeseed seed troughs 300 is also selected as 36, and each rapeseed seed group has 18 rapeseed seed troughs 300.

[0070] To prevent damage to the rapeseed seeds at the bottom of the seed trough 300 during removal when it rotates with the seed metering wheel 200, the seed cleaning brush 600 can be made of plastic, rubber, organic materials, or nylon. To prevent the rapeseed seeds from clogging the seed trough 300, the seed trough 300 preferably includes a first arc segment 301, a straight segment 302, and a second arc segment 303 from bottom to top. The depth of the seed trough 300 is d (unit: mm). max <d<2E min The radius of the first arc segment 301 is R (unit: mm). The angle between straight segment 302 and the axis of rapeseed planting trough 300 is α, 0°. ° ≤α, where E is the diameter of the rapeseed seed (unit: mm), E max E represents the maximum diameter of the rapeseed seed. min The minimum diameter of the rapeseed seed is defined as the second arc segment 303, which is the rounded chamfer at the top end of the rapeseed seed trough 300. The radius r of the second arc segment 303 can be selected from 1mm to 5mm, preferably from 2.5mm to 3.5mm, and α can be selected from 0 to 15°, more preferably from 0 to 10°.

[0071] refer to Figure 8 The black portion represents rapeseed seeds. In actual operation, based on the rapeseed seeding process, the seeding chamber is divided into a rapeseed filling zone V, a rapeseed carrying zone VI, a rapeseed feeding zone VII, and a rapeseed empty zone VIII. ω represents the rotation direction of the seed metering wheel 200. Rapeseed seeds accumulate in the rapeseed filling zone V through the rapeseed inlet 101. The rapeseed seeds in the filling zone V fill the corresponding rapeseed seed troughs 300. Each seed trough 300 contains 1-2 rapeseed seeds. As the seed metering wheel 200 rotates clockwise, excess rapeseed seeds in the seed troughs 300 are removed. The brush 600 cleans the rapeseed seeds, and the rapeseed seeds in the seed trough 300 rotate with the seed metering wheel 200 to the rapeseed carrying area VI. Each rapeseed seed in the seed carrying area VI is confined within the rapeseed seed trough 300 by the inner wall of the sowing chamber until the rapeseed seeds in the seed trough 300 rotate with the seed metering wheel 200 to the rapeseed sowing area VII. The rapeseed seeds in the rapeseed sowing area VII are discharged through the seed discharge port 103, realizing the precision sowing of rapeseed. The idle rapeseed sowing area VII continues to move with the rotation of the seed metering wheel 200 to the rapeseed filling area V, and so on, to realize the rapeseed sowing operation.

[0072] Example 4

[0073] Although rapeseed and wheat are not usually planted in the same field in actual operation, the mechanical precision seed metering device for both rapeseed and wheat provided in this embodiment can perform precision seeding of rapeseed and wheat at the same time. At this time, wheat seeds and rapeseed seeds are injected into the seed metering shell 100 at the same time.

[0074] refer to Figure 9 To facilitate maintenance and disassembly, the seed metering housing 100 includes a rear housing 110 and a front housing 111 connected to the rear housing 110 via a connector. The connector can be a buckle, bolt, or wire for detachable connection. The corresponding seed protection plate 500 is installed on the inner wall of the front housing 111 and is also connected in a detachable manner.

[0075] The above are embodiments of this application. The above embodiments and specific parameters are only for clearly illustrating the verification process of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of patent protection of this application. The scope of patent protection of this application shall still be determined by its claims. Similarly, any equivalent structural changes made based on the description and drawings of this application shall also be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A mechanical precision seed meter for both oilseed and cereal crops, characterized in that, The seed metering device comprises a seed wheel (200) and a seed metering shell (100) sleeved outside the seed wheel (200), the seed wheel (200) is rotationally connected with the seed metering shell (100), and the outer ring end surface of the seed wheel (200) is close to the inner wall of the seed metering shell (100); The outer ring end surface of the seed wheel (200) is provided with rape nest seed grooves (300) and wheat nest seed units (400) communicated with the inner ring of the seed wheel (200), the rape nest seed grooves (300) and the wheat nest seed units (400) are arranged around the circumference of the outer ring end surface of the seed wheel (200); The seed metering shell (100) is provided with a rape seed inlet (101) opposite to the rape nest seed grooves (300), a wheat seed inlet (102) extending to the inner ring of the seed wheel (200), and a seed metering outlet (103) opposite to the rape nest seed grooves (300) and the wheat nest seed units (400).

2. The mechanical oilseed and cereal precision seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rape seed inlet (101) and the wheat seed inlet (102) are arranged in the same direction, and the rape seed inlet (101) is centrally symmetric to the seed metering outlet (103) about the center of the seed wheel (200).

3. The mechanical oilseed and cereal precision seed metering device according to claim 2, wherein The inner wall of the rape nest seed groove (300) comprises a first circular arc segment (301), a straight line segment (302) and a second circular arc segment (303) connected in sequence, the radius of the second circular arc segment (303) is smaller than that of the first circular arc segment (301), and the included angle between the straight line segment (302) and the axis of the first circular arc segment (301) is 0-15°.

4. The mechanical oilseed and cereal combined precision seed metering device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The depth of the rape nest groove (300) is d, E max <d<2E min The radius of the first circular arc segment (301) is R, E max The maximum diameter of the rape seed is E min The minimum diameter of the rape seed is E.

5. The mechanical oilseed and cereal combined precision seed metering device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mechanical oil-mixed wheat precision seed metering device further comprises a seed cleaning brush (600), the seed cleaning brush (600) is arranged at the rape seed inlet (101), and the bottom of the seed cleaning brush (600) is in contact with the outer ring end surface of the seed wheel (200).

6. The mechanical oilseed and cereal precision planter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The wheat nest seed unit (400) comprises a wheat seed guide groove (401) arranged at the inner ring end surface of the seed wheel (200), a wheat seed guide hole (403) arranged at the outer ring end surface of the seed wheel (200), a spiral seed guide groove (402) extending from the bottom end surface of the wheat seed guide groove (401) to the wheat seed guide hole (403), and a seed guide inclined plate (404) arranged in the wheat seed guide groove (401), the wheat seed guide hole (403) is communicated with the bottom end of the spiral seed guide groove (402), the top end of the spiral seed guide groove (402) is located below the bottom end of the seed guide inclined plate (404), and the top end of the seed guide inclined plate (404) extends from the bottom end surface of the wheat seed guide groove (401) to above the inner ring end surface of the seed wheel (200).

7. The mechanical oilseed and cereal combined precision seed metering device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The width of the wheat seed guide hole (403) increases along the length direction of the wheat seed guide hole (403), and the maximum width of the wheat seed guide hole (403) is D, 2b max <D<3b min The depth of the wheat seed guide hole (403) is C, The length of the wheat seed guide hole (403) is A, Wherein b max is the maximum value of the wheat seed width, b min is the minimum value of the wheat seed width, l max is the maximum value of the wheat seed length, l min is the minimum value of the wheat seed length.

8. The mechanical oilseed and cereal combined precision seed metering device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pitch of the spiral seed guide groove (402) is P, P>1 max The number of turns of the spiral seed guide groove (402) is 0.5 turns, the radius of the spiral seed guide groove (402) is the same as the width of the wheat seed guide groove (401), the spacing between the top end of the seed guide inclined plate (404) and the inner end face of the seed sowing wheel (200) is H, H>1 max The included angle between the tangent line at the connection position of the wheat seed guide groove (401) and the seed guide inclined plate (404) and the seed guide inclined plate (404) is 25-50°.

9. The mechanical oilseed and cereal combined precision seed metering device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mechanical oil-mixed wheat precision seed metering device further comprises a seed protection plate (500), the seed protection plate (500) is arranged in the inner ring of the seed wheel (200) and coaxially with the seed wheel (200), the seed protection plate (500) is connected with the seed metering shell (100), the seed protection plate (500) is located between the wheat seed inlet (102) and the seed metering outlet (103), and the seed protection plate (500) is arranged opposite to the seed metering outlet (103).

10. The mechanical oilseed and cereal combined precision seed metering device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The seed sowing shell (100) comprises a rear shell (110) and a front shell (111) connected with the rear shell (110), the rape seed inlet (101) and the seed sowing port (103) are both arranged on the rear shell (110), the seed sowing wheel (200) is rotatably connected with the rear shell (110) through a transmission shaft (201), the wheat seed inlet (102) is arranged on the front shell (111), and the front shell (111) is further connected with the seed protection plate (500).

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