A method for growing eggplant husks using idle seedling sheds

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for growing eggplant peel using an idle seedling shed, belonging to the field of eggplant peel cultivation technology. The method consists of the following steps: modifying the seedling shed, preparing nutrient soil, fertilization management, and transplanting management; the preparation of nutrient soil involves adding nutrient soil to seedling bags, the nutrient soil being composed of seedling substrate, nutrient particles, and soil, with the volume ratio of seedling substrate, nutrient particles, and soil controlled at 10:4-5:90-100; each seedling bag contains 20-23 kg of nutrient soil, and then the seedling bags are placed in seedling beds, with a row spacing of 110-130 cm, and the seedling bags in each row are placed close together, with drip irrigation pipes laid above the seedling bags; this invention can improve the qualified rate of dried eggplant peel products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of eggplant peel cultivation technology, and more specifically to a method for cultivating eggplant peel using an idle seedling shed. Background Technology

[0002] As a type of air-cured tobacco, cigars are made by hand-rolling tobacco leaves after a long period of natural air-curing, fermentation, and aging, resulting in a tobacco product with a unique aroma. In industrial production, cigar tobacco leaves can be used as filler, binder, and wrapper, with the wrapper requiring the highest quality. The cigar wrapper is extremely important to a cigar, especially a top-quality one. It not only determines the appearance of the cigar but also influences its flavor to a certain extent. Because cigar wrappers have high requirements for quality, ecological conditions, and production technology, and the production process is complex, the ecological factors required for cigar wrappers vary considerably from region to region. Even in high-level cigar tobacco producing areas, only a few regions can produce high-quality cigar wrappers. The growth and development of high-quality cigar tobacco leaves cannot be separated from a suitable natural ecological environment. For example, good leaf opening, proper transformation of internal substances, and accumulation of aroma compounds all require suitable temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Its style characteristics are also influenced by ecological factors such as weather, soil, and sunlight. In addition, high-quality tobacco leaves generally require thin and intact leaves, fine tissue structure and fine veins. Under normal circumstances, such tobacco leaves can only be produced under climatic conditions with suitable temperature and humidity, even rainfall, not too strong sunlight, and no strong winds or hail.

[0003] Currently, cigar tobacco cultivation has just begun in Shandong's tobacco-growing areas. However, conventional field cultivation significantly impacts cigar wrappers. To improve wrapper quality, shading is necessary, but constructing shade sheds inevitably increases planting costs. To reduce these costs, the inventors have adopted a tobacco seedling shed for cigar wrapper cultivation. However, the following problems arise: compared to flue-cured tobacco, cigar tobacco requires more nutrients, necessitating more fertilizer. However, the soil's poor nutrient retention capacity results in low yield even with sufficient fertilizer application. Furthermore, bud inhibitors are needed in cigar tobacco cultivation, but directly applying bud inhibitors used in flue-cured tobacco to cigar tobacco causes the top leaves to become narrower and thicker, further reducing the yield of finished cigar wrappers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for growing eggplant peels using idle seedling sheds, which can improve the qualification rate of dried eggplant peel products.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for growing eggplant leaves using an idle seedling shed consists of the following steps: modifying the seedling shed, preparing nutrient soil, fertilization management, and transplanting management;

[0007] The modified seedling shed includes the installation of a black shade net above it, with the light transmittance of the black shade net controlled at 60-65%.

[0008] Install 60-mesh mesh on the inside of the film at both ends of the seedling shed. When the temperature inside the seedling shed exceeds 28℃, roll up the film at both ends of the seedling shed. When the temperature inside the seedling shed reaches 35℃, turn on the exhaust fan to ventilate and cool down.

[0009] The preparation of nutrient soil involves filling seedling bags with nutrient soil, which consists of seedling substrate, nutrient particles, and soil. The volume ratio of seedling substrate, nutrient particles, and soil is controlled to be 10:4-5:90-100. Each seedling bag contains 20-23 kg of nutrient soil. The seedling bags are then neatly arranged in the seedling bed with a row spacing of 110-130 cm. The seedling bags in each row are placed close together, and a drip irrigation pipe is laid on top of the seedling bags.

[0010] The seedling bag has a cylindrical structure, with a height of 45cm and an inner diameter of 35cm.

[0011] The method for preparing the seedling substrate is as follows: peat, vermiculite, and expanded perlite are mixed in a mass ratio of 60-70:15-20:15-20 and then pulverized to 50-100 mesh to obtain the seedling substrate.

[0012] The method for preparing the nutrient granules is as follows: zeolite powder is pulverized to 200-400 mesh, then added to a betaine mixture and completely soaked for 2-3 hours at 20-40℃, filtered, and the filter residue is freeze-dried at -45℃ to -35℃ for 25-30 hours, pulverized to 50-100 mesh, and the nutrient granules are obtained.

[0013] The method for preparing the betaine mixture is as follows: potassium alginate and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 2:230-250, stirred at 50-80℃ for 1-2 hours, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for 10-12 hours to obtain an aqueous solution of potassium alginate; the aqueous solution of potassium alginate, betaine, ultrafine nano-maifanite powder, and deionized water are mixed at a mass ratio of 60-70:4-5:0.2-0.3:50-60, and stirred at room temperature for 3-4 hours to obtain the betaine mixture.

[0014] The particle size of the ultrafine nano-maifan stone powder is 1250 mesh;

[0015] For fertilization management, apply organic fertilizer and base fertilizer 3-5 days before transplanting, controlling the amount of organic fertilizer to 55-60 kg / mu and the amount of base fertilizer to 75-80 kg / mu.

[0016] The organic fertilizer is composed of soybean cake and organic fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of soybean cake to organic fertilizer is 45-50:10, the N:P:K ratio of soybean cake is 5:1:2, and the N:P:K ratio of organic fertilizer is 5:1:2.

[0017] The base fertilizer is composed of compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium nitrate. The mass ratio of compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium nitrate is 15-16:35-37:10-11:10-11:5. The N:P:K ratio in the compound fertilizer is 10:10:20.

[0018] For fertilization management, drip irrigation is used for topdressing. The first topdressing is applied 12-15 days after transplanting, using a mixture of potassium nitrate and diammonium phosphate at a rate of 13-15 kg / mu, with a mass ratio of potassium nitrate to diammonium phosphate of 8-10:5. The second topdressing is applied 22-30 days after transplanting, using potassium nitrate at a rate of 8-10 kg / mu.

[0019] The transplanting management is as follows: transplanting is carried out from April 20th to 30th, and completed within 6-7 days. A deep transplanting method with heavy watering is used, ensuring the planting hole depth is 18-20cm. Each hole is watered with 4-5kg of water to help the roots establish. From the seedling stage to the rosette stage, maintain the soil moisture content at 70-75% of its maximum capacity. During the vigorous growth stage, maintain the soil moisture content at 75-80%. During the maturity stage, maintain the soil moisture content at 65-70%. Maintain air humidity at 50-60%. If the air humidity is below 50-60%, increase it through drip irrigation or by turning on the evaporative cooling pads.

[0020] The transplanting management involves topping the tobacco plants when they begin to bud or when 5% of the central flowers have opened. Simultaneously, remove the lower 2-3 leaves from plants with insufficient light, poor development, or thin leaves, as well as any lower leaves shorter than 25cm. After topping, maintain 18-20 leaves per plant. When removing buds, ensure they are no more than an inch long. Use a slow-release bud inhibitor, applying it via cup drenching or smearing, at a dosage of 4-6g per plant.

[0021] The preparation method of the sustained-release sprout inhibitor consists of the following steps: preparing cross-linked gelatin balls and mixing them;

[0022] The preparation of cross-linked gelatin balls involves mixing gelatin and deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:40-50, stirring at 50-60℃ for 1-2 hours, then adding ultrafine light calcium carbonate, controlling the mass ratio of gelatin to ultrafine light calcium carbonate at 1:0.2-0.3, and stirring at room temperature for 1-2 hours to obtain a gelatin-calcium carbonate mixture. A 10wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is added to the gelatin-calcium carbonate mixture to adjust the pH to 9-10, and then a 0.12-0.15wt% ethanol solution of calcium chloride is added dropwise, controlling the mass ratio of gelatin to calcium chloride ethanol solution. The ratio of gelatin to glutaraldehyde is 1:60-70, the dropping time is 40-60 min, and stirring is maintained during the dropping process. After the dropping is completed, a 20% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution is added, and the mass ratio of gelatin to glutaraldehyde aqueous solution is controlled at 1:0.6-0.7. Then, the mixture is stirred at 40-60℃ for 10-12 h, centrifuged at 5000-6000 rpm for 20-30 min, and the precipitate is washed with water 2-3 times. The mixture is then freeze-dried at -45℃ to -35℃ for 20-25 h to obtain cross-linked gelatin balls.

[0023] The particle size of the ultrafine light calcium carbonate is 1250 mesh;

[0024] The mixing process involves mixing 25% flubendiamide emulsifiable concentrate, cross-linked gelatin balls, and water at a mass ratio of 1:2.5-3.5:300-400, stirring at room temperature for 10-15 minutes, then adding gelatin, controlling the mass ratio of 25% flubendiamide emulsifiable concentrate to gelatin to be 1:2-3, and stirring at 50-60°C for 1-2 hours to obtain a sustained-release sprout inhibitor.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] The method of planting eggplant peels in idle seedling sheds of the present invention can improve the soil's fertilizer retention capacity and slow release of the bud inhibitor, thereby increasing the qualified rate of dried eggplant peel products to 89-90%. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A method for growing eggplant husks using idle seedling sheds, specifically as follows:

[0030] 1. Modify the seedling shed: Install black shade netting above the seedling shed to regulate the light intensity inside. This will reduce light exposure during cultivation, allowing the cigar wrapper tobacco leaves to be grown in the shade. This will help increase the photosynthetic rate in the later stages of maturity, delay the aging of the tobacco plants, promote the accumulation of dry matter, and improve the quality of the tobacco leaves. Control the light transmittance of the black shade netting to 60% to ensure that the cigar wrapper tobacco plants grow well and meet the requirements for high-quality cigar wrapper.

[0031] Install 60-mesh mesh on the inside of the film at both ends of the seedling shed. When the temperature inside the seedling shed exceeds 28℃, roll up the film at both ends of the seedling shed to increase ventilation and help cool down.

[0032] When the temperature inside the seedling shed reaches 35℃, turn on the exhaust fan for ventilation and cooling. Cigar tobacco is a warm-season crop and is quite sensitive to temperature; different temperature conditions have a significant impact on the quality and yield of cigar tobacco. After transplanting cigar tobacco seedlings, controlling the planting temperature to 22℃ and the air humidity to 50% easily meets the accumulated temperature requirements of the cigar tobacco during its growth period, thus obtaining high-quality tobacco leaves. By installing evaporative cooling pads and exhaust fans, the temperature and humidity inside the seedling shed can be effectively regulated, resulting in cigar tobacco leaves with fine texture, delicate veins, and strong elasticity.

[0033] 2. Preparation of Nutrient Soil: Nutrient soil is added to the seedling bags to simulate the suitable soil for cigar cultivation. The seedling bags are cylindrical, 45cm high, and 35cm in inner diameter. The nutrient soil added to the seedling bags consists of seedling substrate, nutrient particles, and soil, with the volume ratio of seedling substrate, nutrient particles, and soil controlled at 10:4:90. The nutrient soil is filled into each seedling bag, with a weight of 20kg per bag. The seedling bags are then neatly arranged in the seedbed, with a row spacing of 110cm. The seedling bags are placed close together in each row, ensuring no gaps between them. Drip irrigation pipes are laid above the seedling bags to facilitate timely watering and fertilization according to the fertilizer and water requirements of cigars.

[0034] The method for preparing the seedling substrate is as follows: peat, vermiculite, and expanded perlite are mixed in a mass ratio of 60:15:15 and then pulverized to 50 mesh to obtain the seedling substrate.

[0035] The method for preparing the nutrient granules is as follows: zeolite powder is pulverized to 200 mesh, then added to a betaine mixture and completely soaked for 2 hours at 20°C, filtered, and the filter residue is freeze-dried at -45°C for 25 hours and pulverized to 50 mesh to obtain nutrient granules.

[0036] The preparation method of the betaine mixture is as follows: potassium alginate and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 2:230, stirred at 50°C for 1 hour, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 hours to obtain an aqueous solution of potassium alginate; the aqueous solution of potassium alginate, betaine, ultrafine nano maifanite powder, and deionized water are mixed at a mass ratio of 60:4:0.2:50 and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours to obtain the betaine mixture.

[0037] The particle size of the ultrafine nano-maifan stone powder is 1250 mesh;

[0038] 3. Fertilizer Management: Three days before transplanting, apply organic fertilizer and base fertilizer, controlling the amount of organic fertilizer to 55 kg / mu and the amount of base fertilizer to 75 kg / mu. The organic fertilizer consists of soybean cake and organic fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of soybean cake to organic fertilizer is 45:10, the N:P:K ratio of soybean cake is 5:1:2, and the N:P:K ratio of organic fertilizer is 5:1:2. The base fertilizer consists of compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium nitrate, wherein the mass ratio of compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium nitrate is 15:35:10:10:5, and the N:P:K ratio of compound fertilizer is 10:10:20.

[0039] Topdressing should be done via drip irrigation. The first topdressing should be applied 12 days after transplanting, using a mixture of potassium nitrate and diammonium phosphate at a rate of 13 kg / mu, with a mass ratio of 8:5 between potassium nitrate and diammonium phosphate. The second topdressing should be applied 22 days after transplanting, using potassium nitrate at a rate of 8 kg / mu.

[0040] 4. Transplanting Management: Transplanting was carried out on April 20th and completed within 6 days. A deep transplanting method with heavy watering was adopted, ensuring a planting depth of 18cm per planting hole and watering each hole with 4kg of water. During transplanting, care was taken to prevent the substrate from loosening and falling off the roots of the tobacco seedlings. From the seedling stage to the rosette stage, the soil moisture content was maintained at 70% of its maximum capacity. During the vigorous growth stage, the soil moisture content was maintained at 75%, and during the maturity stage, it was maintained at 65%. Air humidity was maintained at 50%. If the air humidity fell below 50%, it was increased through drip irrigation.

[0041] When the tobacco plants begin to bud, top them. The remaining tobacco plant debris after topping and bud removal must be thoroughly removed from the seedling shed. At the same time, remove the bottom two leaves of plants with insufficient light, poor development, or thin leaves, as well as any lower leaves shorter than 25cm. Take the removed leaves out of the seedling shed for unified disposal and deep burial. Based on the plant's growth, control the number of leaves remaining per plant to 18 after topping. When removing buds, ensure that no bud is more than an inch long. Manual bud removal should be done early and frequently, using a slow-release bud inhibitor. Apply the slow-release bud inhibitor using the cup-drenching method, controlling the dosage to 4g per plant.

[0042] The preparation method of the sustained-release sprout inhibitor is as follows:

[0043] (1) Preparation of cross-linked gelatin balls: Gelatin and deionized water were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:40 and stirred at 50°C for 1 h. Then, ultrafine light calcium carbonate was added, and the mass ratio of gelatin to ultrafine light calcium carbonate was controlled at 1:0.2. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h to obtain a gelatin-calcium carbonate mixture. A 10 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the gelatin-calcium carbonate mixture to adjust the pH to 9. Then, a 0.12 wt% ethanol solution of calcium chloride was added dropwise, and the mass ratio of gelatin to calcium chloride ethanol solution was controlled at 1:60. The dropwise addition time was 40 min. Stirring was maintained during the dropwise addition. After the dropwise addition was completed, a 20% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution was added, and the mass ratio of gelatin to glutaraldehyde aqueous solution was controlled at 1:0.6. The mixture was stirred at 40°C for 10 h. The mixture was centrifuged at a speed of 5000 rpm for 20 min. The precipitate was then washed twice with water and freeze-dried at a temperature of -45°C for 20 h to obtain cross-linked gelatin balls.

[0044] The particle size of the ultrafine light calcium carbonate is 1250 mesh;

[0045] (2) Mixing: Mix 25% flubendiamide emulsifiable concentrate, cross-linked gelatin balls and water in a mass ratio of 1:2.5:300 and stir at room temperature for 10 min. Then add gelatin and control the mass ratio of 25% flubendiamide emulsifiable concentrate to gelatin to be 1:2. Stir at 50°C for 1 h to obtain a slow-release sprout inhibitor.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A method for growing eggplant husks using idle seedling sheds, specifically as follows:

[0048] 1. Modify the seedling shed: Install black shade netting above the seedling shed to regulate the light intensity inside. This reduces light exposure during cultivation, allowing cigar wrapper tobacco leaves to be grown in the shade. This helps to increase the photosynthetic rate in the later stages of maturity, delays the aging of tobacco plants, promotes dry matter accumulation, and improves the quality of tobacco leaves. The light transmittance of the black shade netting should be controlled at 62% to ensure that the cigar wrapper tobacco plants grow well and meet the requirements for high-quality wrapper tobacco.

[0049] Install 60-mesh mesh on the inside of the film at both ends of the seedling shed. When the temperature inside the seedling shed exceeds 28℃, roll up the film at both ends of the seedling shed to increase ventilation and help cool down.

[0050] When the temperature inside the seedling shed reaches 35℃, turn on the exhaust fan for ventilation and cooling. Cigar tobacco is a warm-season crop and is quite sensitive to temperature; different temperature conditions have a significant impact on the quality and yield of cigar tobacco. After transplanting cigar tobacco seedlings, controlling the planting temperature to 25℃ and the air humidity to 55% easily meets the accumulated temperature requirements of the cigar tobacco during its growth period, thus obtaining high-quality tobacco leaves. By installing evaporative cooling pads and exhaust fans, the temperature and humidity inside the seedling shed can be effectively regulated, resulting in cigar tobacco leaves with fine texture, delicate veins, and strong elasticity.

[0051] 2. Preparation of Nutrient Soil: Nutrient soil is added to the seedling bags to simulate the suitable soil for cigar cultivation. The seedling bags are cylindrical, 45cm high, and 35cm in inner diameter. The nutrient soil added to the seedling bags consists of seedling substrate, nutrient particles, and soil, with the volume ratio of seedling substrate, nutrient particles, and soil controlled at 10:4.5:95. The nutrient soil is filled into each seedling bag, with a weight of 21kg per bag. The seedling bags are then neatly arranged in the seedbed, with a row spacing of 120cm. The seedling bags in each row are placed close together, ensuring no gaps between them. Drip irrigation pipes are laid above the seedling bags to facilitate timely watering and fertilization according to the fertilizer and water requirements of cigars.

[0052] The method for preparing the seedling substrate is as follows: peat, vermiculite, and expanded perlite are mixed in a mass ratio of 65:18:17 and then pulverized to 50 mesh to obtain the seedling substrate.

[0053] The method for preparing the nutrient granules is as follows: zeolite powder is pulverized to 325 mesh, then added to a betaine mixture and completely soaked for 2.5 hours at 30°C, filtered, and the filter residue is freeze-dried at -40°C for 27 hours and pulverized to 50 mesh to obtain nutrient granules.

[0054] The preparation method of the betaine mixture is as follows: potassium alginate and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 2:240, stirred at 60°C for 1.5 hours, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for 11 hours to obtain an aqueous solution of potassium alginate; the aqueous solution of potassium alginate, betaine, ultrafine nano-maifanite powder, and deionized water are mixed at a mass ratio of 65:4.5:0.2:55, and stirred at room temperature for 3.5 hours to obtain the betaine mixture.

[0055] The particle size of the ultrafine nano-maifan stone powder is 1250 mesh;

[0056] 3. Fertilizer Management: Four days before transplanting, apply organic fertilizer and base fertilizer, controlling the amount of organic fertilizer to 57 kg / mu and the amount of base fertilizer to 78 kg / mu. The organic fertilizer consists of soybean cake and organic fertilizer, with a mass ratio of 47:10. The N:P:K ratio in the soybean cake is 5:1:2, and the N:P:K ratio in the organic fertilizer is 5:1:2. The base fertilizer consists of compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium nitrate, with a mass ratio of 15.5:36:10.5:11:5. The N:P:K ratio in the compound fertilizer is 10:10:20.

[0057] Topdressing should be done via drip irrigation. The first topdressing should be done 14 days after transplanting, using a mixture of potassium nitrate and diammonium phosphate at a rate of 14 kg / mu, with a mass ratio of 9:5 between potassium nitrate and diammonium phosphate. The second topdressing should be done 25 days after transplanting, using potassium nitrate at a rate of 9 kg / mu.

[0058] 4. Transplanting Management: Transplanting was carried out on April 25th and completed within 6 days. A deep transplanting and thorough watering method was adopted, using a tall, deep planting technique. The planting hole depth was controlled at 19cm, and each hole was watered with 4.5kg of water to help the roots establish. During transplanting, care was taken to prevent the substrate from loosening and falling off the roots. From the seedling stage to the rosette stage, the soil moisture content was maintained at 72% of its maximum capacity. During the vigorous growth stage, the soil moisture content was maintained at 78%, and during the maturity stage, it was maintained at 68%. Air humidity was maintained at 52%. If the air humidity was below 52%, it was increased by opening a wet curtain.

[0059] When the tobacco plants begin to bud, top them. The remaining tobacco plant debris after topping and bud removal must be thoroughly removed from the seedling shed. At the same time, remove the bottom three leaves of plants with insufficient light, poor development, or thin leaves, as well as any lower leaves shorter than 25cm. Take the removed leaves out of the seedling shed for unified disposal and deep burial. Based on the plant's growth, control the number of leaves remaining per plant to 19 after topping. When removing buds, ensure they are no more than an inch long. Manual bud removal should be done early and frequently, using a slow-release bud inhibitor. Apply the slow-release bud inhibitor by smearing, controlling the dosage to 5g per plant.

[0060] The preparation method of the sustained-release sprout inhibitor is as follows:

[0061] (1) Preparation of cross-linked gelatin balls: Gelatin and deionized water were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:45 and stirred at 55°C for 1.5 h. Then, ultrafine light calcium carbonate was added, and the mass ratio of gelatin to ultrafine light calcium carbonate was controlled at 1:0.2. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h to obtain a gelatin-calcium carbonate mixture. A 10 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the gelatin-calcium carbonate mixture to adjust the pH to 9.5. Then, a 0.14 wt% ethanol solution of calcium chloride was added dropwise, and the mass ratio of gelatin to calcium chloride was controlled at 1:0.2. The calcium-ethanol solution was added at a mass ratio of 1:65 over 50 minutes with constant stirring. After the addition was complete, a 20% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution was added, maintaining a mass ratio of gelatin to glutaraldehyde aqueous solution of 1:0.6. The mixture was then stirred at 50°C for 11 hours, centrifuged at 5500 rpm for 25 minutes, and the precipitate was washed twice with water. The mixture was then freeze-dried at -40°C for 22 hours to obtain cross-linked gelatin balls.

[0062] The particle size of the ultrafine light calcium carbonate is 1250 mesh;

[0063] (2) Mixing: Mix 25% flubendiamide emulsifiable concentrate, cross-linked gelatin balls and water in a mass ratio of 1:3:350 and stir at room temperature for 12 min. Then add gelatin and control the mass ratio of 25% flubendiamide emulsifiable concentrate to gelatin to be 1:2.5. Stir at 55℃ for 1.5 h to obtain a slow-release sprout inhibitor.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] A method for growing eggplant husks using idle seedling sheds, specifically as follows:

[0066] 1. Modify the seedling shed: Install black shade netting above the seedling shed to regulate the light intensity inside. This reduces light exposure during cultivation, allowing the cigar wrapper tobacco leaves to be grown in the shade. This helps to increase the photosynthetic rate in the later stages of maturity, delays the senescence of the tobacco plants, promotes the accumulation of dry matter, and improves the quality of the tobacco leaves. Control the light transmittance of the black shade netting to 65% to ensure that the cigar wrapper tobacco plants grow well and meet the requirements for high-quality cigar wrapper.

[0067] Install 60-mesh mesh on the inside of the film at both ends of the seedling shed. When the temperature inside the seedling shed exceeds 28℃, roll up the film at both ends of the seedling shed to increase ventilation and help cool down.

[0068] When the temperature inside the seedling shed reaches 35℃, turn on the exhaust fan for ventilation and cooling. Cigar tobacco is a warm-season crop and is quite sensitive to temperature; different temperature conditions have a significant impact on the quality and yield of cigar tobacco. After transplanting cigar tobacco seedlings, controlling the planting temperature to 28℃ and the air humidity to 60% easily meets the accumulated temperature requirements of the cigar tobacco's growth period, thus obtaining high-quality tobacco leaves. By installing evaporative cooling pads and exhaust fans, the temperature and humidity inside the seedling shed can be effectively regulated, resulting in cigar tobacco leaves with fine texture, delicate veins, and strong elasticity.

[0069] 2. Preparation of Nutrient Soil: Nutrient soil is added to the seedling bags to simulate the suitable soil for cigar cultivation. The seedling bags are cylindrical, 45cm high and 35cm in inner diameter. The nutrient soil added to the seedling bags consists of seedling substrate, nutrient particles, and soil, with the volume ratio of seedling substrate, nutrient particles, and soil controlled at 10:5:100. The nutrient soil is filled into each seedling bag, with a weight of 23kg per bag. The seedling bags are then neatly arranged in the seedbed, with a row spacing of 130cm. The seedling bags in each row are placed close together, ensuring no gaps between them. Drip irrigation pipes are laid above the seedling bags to facilitate timely watering and fertilization according to the fertilizer and water requirements of cigars.

[0070] The method for preparing the seedling substrate is as follows: peat, vermiculite, and expanded perlite are mixed in a mass ratio of 70:20:20 and then pulverized to 100 mesh to obtain the seedling substrate;

[0071] The method for preparing the nutrient granules is as follows: zeolite powder is pulverized to 400 mesh, then added to a betaine mixture and completely soaked for 3 hours at 40°C, filtered, and the filter residue is freeze-dried at -35°C for 30 hours, pulverized to 100 mesh, and the nutrient granules are obtained.

[0072] The preparation method of the betaine mixture is as follows: potassium alginate and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 2:250, stirred at 80°C for 2 hours, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for 12 hours to obtain an aqueous solution of potassium alginate; the aqueous solution of potassium alginate, betaine, ultrafine nano-maifanite powder, and deionized water are mixed at a mass ratio of 70:5:0.3:60 and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours to obtain the betaine mixture.

[0073] The particle size of the ultrafine nano-maifan stone powder is 1250 mesh;

[0074] 3. Fertilizer Management: Five days before transplanting, apply organic fertilizer and base fertilizer, controlling the amount of organic fertilizer to 60 kg / mu and the amount of base fertilizer to 80 kg / mu. The organic fertilizer consists of soybean cake and organic fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of soybean cake to organic fertilizer is 50:10, the N:P:K ratio of soybean cake is 5:1:2, and the N:P:K ratio of organic fertilizer is 5:1:2. The base fertilizer consists of compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium nitrate, wherein the mass ratio of compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium nitrate is 16:37:11:11:5, and the N:P:K ratio of compound fertilizer is 10:10:20.

[0075] Topdressing should be done via drip irrigation. The first topdressing should be done 15 days after transplanting, using a mixture of potassium nitrate and diammonium phosphate at a rate of 15 kg / mu, with a mass ratio of potassium nitrate to diammonium phosphate of 10:5. The second topdressing should be done 30 days after transplanting, using potassium nitrate at a rate of 10 kg / mu.

[0076] 4. Transplanting Management: Transplanting should be carried out on April 30th and completed within 7 days. A deep transplanting method with heavy watering is used, ensuring the planting hole depth is 20cm and watering each hole with 5kg of water. During transplanting, prevent the substrate around the tobacco seedling roots from loosening or falling off. From the seedling stage to the rosette stage, maintain the soil moisture content at 75% of its maximum capacity. During the vigorous growth stage, maintain the soil moisture content at 80% of its maximum capacity. During the maturity stage, maintain the soil moisture content at 70% of its maximum capacity. Maintain air humidity at 60%. If air humidity is below 60%, increase it by opening a wet curtain.

[0077] When 5% of the tobacco plants have opened their central flowers, top the plants. The remaining tobacco plant debris after topping and bud removal must be thoroughly removed from the seedling shed. At the same time, remove the bottom three leaves of plants with insufficient light, poor development, or thin leaves, as well as any lower leaves shorter than 25cm. Remove the removed leaves and dispose of them properly by deep burial. Depending on the plant's growth, the number of leaves left per plant after topping should be controlled to 20. When removing buds, ensure that no bud is more than an inch long. Manual bud removal should be done early and frequently, using a slow-release bud inhibitor. Apply the slow-release bud inhibitor by smearing, controlling the dosage to 6g per plant.

[0078] The preparation method of the sustained-release sprout inhibitor is as follows:

[0079] (1) Preparation of cross-linked gelatin balls: Gelatin and deionized water were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:50 and stirred at 60°C for 2 hours. Then, ultrafine light calcium carbonate was added, and the mass ratio of gelatin to ultrafine light calcium carbonate was controlled at 1:0.3. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a gelatin-calcium carbonate mixture. A 10wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the gelatin-calcium carbonate mixture to adjust the pH to 10. Then, a 0.15wt% calcium chloride ethanol solution was added dropwise, and the mass ratio of gelatin to calcium chloride was controlled at 1:0.3. The mass ratio of ethanol solution was 1:70, and the addition time was 60 min. Stirring was maintained during the addition process. After the addition was completed, a 20% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution was added, and the mass ratio of gelatin to glutaraldehyde aqueous solution was controlled at 1:0.7. Then, the mixture was stirred at 60℃ for 12 h, centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 30 min, and the precipitate was washed three times with water. The mixture was then freeze-dried at -35℃ for 25 h to obtain cross-linked gelatin balls.

[0080] The particle size of the ultrafine light calcium carbonate is 1250 mesh;

[0081] (2) Mixing: Mix 25% flubendiamide emulsifiable concentrate, cross-linked gelatin balls and water in a mass ratio of 1:3.5:400 and stir at room temperature for 15 min. Then add gelatin and control the mass ratio of 25% flubendiamide emulsifiable concentrate to gelatin to be 1:3. Stir at 60°C for 2 h to obtain a slow-release sprout inhibitor.

[0082] Comparative Example 1

[0083] The method of Example 2 is modified as follows: in the second step of preparing nutrient soil, the addition of nutrient particles is omitted.

[0084] Comparative Example 2

[0085] The method in Example 2 was modified as follows: In the second step of transplanting management, the addition of the slow-release bud inhibitor was omitted, and 25% flubendiamide emulsifiable concentrate and water were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:3:350 and stirred at room temperature for 12 minutes to obtain the bud inhibitor. The amount of bud inhibitor used per tobacco plant was controlled to be 5g.

[0086] Test example

[0087] Five seedling sheds of the same size were selected in Zhucheng, Weifang, Shandong Province. The seedlings were planted according to the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2, respectively. After harvest, the pass rate of the dried eggplant skin products was statistically analyzed. The results are as follows:

[0088]

[0089] The results above show that omitting the addition of nutrient particles in the preparation of nutrient soil, or replacing the slow-release bud inhibitor with a regular bud inhibitor, will affect the qualification rate of the dried cigar wrapper products. The addition of nutrient particles can improve the soil's fertilizer retention capacity, and also has good water retention and air permeability, as well as strong biodegradability, thereby improving the qualification rate of the dried cigar wrapper products. The slow-release bud inhibitor can play a slow-release role, avoiding the side effects of excessive bud inhibitor concentration on cigar tobacco leaves. It also has good air permeability and strong water retention, and can also use the adsorption effect of light calcium carbonate to fix the bud inhibitor at the site of action, avoiding the loss of the bud inhibitor.

[0090] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages used in this invention are mass percentages.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating eggplant husks using idle seedling sheds, characterized in that, It consists of the following steps: modifying the seedling shed, preparing nutrient soil, fertilization management, and transplanting management; The preparation of nutrient soil involves filling seedling bags with nutrient soil, which consists of seedling substrate, nutrient particles, and soil. The volume ratio of seedling substrate, nutrient particles, and soil is controlled to be 10:4-5:90-100. Each seedling bag contains 20-23 kg of nutrient soil. The seedling bags are then placed in the seedling bed with a row spacing of 110-130 cm, with the seedling bags in each row placed close together. A drip irrigation pipe is then laid on top of the seedling bags. The method for preparing the nutrient particles is as follows: zeolite powder is pulverized, then added to a betaine mixture for complete soaking, filtered, and the filter residue is freeze-dried and pulverized to obtain nutrient particles. The method for preparing the betaine mixture is as follows: potassium alginate and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 2:230-250, stirred at 50-80℃, and then allowed to stand at room temperature to obtain an aqueous solution of potassium alginate; the aqueous solution of potassium alginate, betaine, ultrafine nano-maifanite powder, and deionized water are mixed at a mass ratio of 60-70:4-5:0.2-0.3:50-60, and stirred at room temperature to obtain the betaine mixture. The transplanting management involves topping the tobacco plants when they are budding or when 5% of the central flowers of the tobacco plants are open. At the same time as topping, remove the lower 2-3 leaves of tobacco plants that have insufficient light, poor development, or thin leaves, as well as the lower leaves of the tobacco plants that are less than 25cm in length. After topping, control the number of leaves left on each tobacco plant to be 18-20. When removing buds, ensure that the buds are no more than an inch long. Use a slow-release bud inhibitor. When applying the slow-release bud inhibitor, use the cup drenching method or the smear method. Control the amount of slow-release bud inhibitor per tobacco plant to 4-6g. The preparation method of the sustained-release sprout inhibitor consists of the following steps: preparing cross-linked gelatin balls and mixing them; The preparation of cross-linked gelatin balls involves mixing gelatin and deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:40-50, stirring at 50-60°C, then adding ultrafine light calcium carbonate, controlling the mass ratio of gelatin to ultrafine light calcium carbonate at 1:0.2-0.3, and stirring at room temperature to obtain a gelatin-calcium carbonate mixture. A 10wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is added to the gelatin-calcium carbonate mixture to adjust the pH to 9-10. Then, a 0.12-0.15wt% ethanol solution of calcium chloride is added dropwise, controlling the mass ratio of gelatin to calcium chloride ethanol solution at 1:60-70, with a dropwise addition time of 40-60 minutes, while maintaining stirring during the dropwise addition. After the dropwise addition is complete, a 20% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution is added, controlling the mass ratio of gelatin to glutaraldehyde aqueous solution at 1:0.6-0.

7. The mixture is then stirred at 40-60°C, centrifuged, washed, and freeze-dried to obtain cross-linked gelatin balls. Mix 25% flubendiamide emulsifiable concentrate, cross-linked gelatin balls, and water at a mass ratio of 1:2.5-3.5:300-400, stir at room temperature, then add gelatin, controlling the mass ratio of 25% flubendiamide emulsifiable concentrate to gelatin to be 1:2-3, and stir at 50-60℃ to obtain a slow-release sprout inhibitor.

2. The method for planting eggplant husks using an idle seedling shed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified seedling shed includes the installation of a black shade net above it, with the light transmittance of the black shade net controlled at 60-65%. Install 60-mesh mesh on the inside of the film at both ends of the seedling shed. When the temperature inside the seedling shed exceeds 28℃, roll up the film at both ends of the seedling shed. When the temperature inside the seedling shed reaches 35℃, turn on the exhaust fan to ventilate and cool down.

3. The method for planting eggplant husks using an idle seedling shed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling bag has a cylindrical structure, with a height of 45cm and an inner diameter of 35cm.

4. The method for planting eggplant husks using an idle seedling shed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the seedling substrate is as follows: peat, vermiculite, and expanded perlite are mixed in a mass ratio of 60-70:15-20:15-20 and then crushed to obtain the seedling substrate.

5. The method for planting eggplant husks using an idle seedling shed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the preparation of the betaine mixture, the particle size of the ultrafine nano-maifanite powder is 1250 mesh.

6. The method for planting eggplant husks using an idle seedling shed according to claim 1, characterized in that, For fertilization management, drip irrigation is used for topdressing. The first topdressing is applied 12-15 days after transplanting, using a mixture of potassium nitrate and diammonium phosphate at a rate of 13-15 kg / mu, with a mass ratio of potassium nitrate to diammonium phosphate of 8-10:

5. The second topdressing is applied 22-30 days after transplanting, using potassium nitrate at a rate of 8-10 kg / mu.

7. The method for planting eggplant husks using an idle seedling shed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transplanting management is carried out from April 20 to 30, and the transplanting is completed within 6 to 7 days. The high stem deep planting method of "deep transplanting and watering" is adopted. The depth of the planting hole is controlled to be 18-20cm, and 4-5kg of water is applied to each hole to settle the roots. From the seedling stage to the crowning stage, maintain the maximum soil moisture holding capacity at 70-75%. During the vigorous growth stage, maintain the maximum soil moisture holding capacity at 75-80%. During the maturity stage, maintain the maximum soil moisture holding capacity at 65-70%. Maintain the air humidity at 50-60%. If the air humidity is lower than 50-60%, increase the air humidity by drip irrigation or by turning on the wet curtain.

8. The method for planting eggplant husks using an idle seedling shed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the preparation of cross-linked gelatin balls, the particle size of the ultrafine light calcium carbonate is 1250 mesh.

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