Synergistic cultivation method of fargesia robusta interplanted with asparagus cochinchinensis

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, and mainly relates to a synergistic cultivation method for high-low row interplanting of Ficus tikvea and Asparagus cochinchinensis, which comprises ridging, planting, field management and harvesting, and after the Ficus tikvea is grown by using the seedling substrate developed by the inventor, the transplanted seedling of the Ficus tikvea has a thick rhizome and a proper height for transplanting, and after a period of planting, it is found that the weight of the underground root is significantly increased, the economic benefit is increased, which also shows that the transplanted seedling with strong rootability can be selected by using the seedling substrate developed by the inventor. The present application improves the land use efficiency and increases the economic benefit by interplanting the Ficus tikvea and the Asparagus cochinchinensis, and is a kind of interplanting method worthy of promotion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a method for enhancing the efficiency of cultivation by intercropping Asparagus cochinchinensis with Prunus armeniaca in high and low rows. Background Technology

[0002] Five-finger peach is a plant belonging to the Moraceae family, widely distributed in South China, and is used for both medicinal and edible purposes. As a root-type plant, whether harvested from the wild or cultivated, its harvesting process disrupts the soil structure of the forest. Especially with older plants, whose roots are deeply embedded, the harvesting process causes extensive damage to surrounding vegetation, easily leading to ecological problems such as soil erosion.

[0003] Asparagus, Latin name: Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour. Merr) Asparagus, a perennial herb belonging to the genus Asparagus in the family Liliaceae, is used medicinally for its tuberous roots. It is cold in nature and has a sweet and slightly bitter taste. It enters the lung and kidney meridians. It has the effects of nourishing yin and moistening dryness, clearing heat and relieving cough. It is mainly used to treat yin deficiency fever, cough with hemoptysis, pulmonary atrophy, lung abscess, sore throat, diabetes, constipation, and difficulty urinating. It has antioxidant, anti-aging, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antitumor, antitussive, and expectorant effects. Its application scope is expanding year by year, and demand is increasing, with an annual consumption of about 6,000 tons, while the current annual production is only 400-800 tons, leaving a significant gap. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously develop artificial cultivation. Currently, asparagus is mainly cultivated in open fields, primarily as a monoculture. This method requires a large amount of arable land to achieve large-scale cultivation and meet production and market demands. Asparagus is a perennial herb, cold-resistant and drought-resistant, with strong adaptability. Besides monoculture, it is also suitable for planting in mixed forests and under broad-leaved forests.

[0004] Currently, there is no research on the stable intercropping of Prunus pubescens and Asparagus cochinchinensis. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the above-mentioned problems by providing a method for intercropping Asparagus cochinchinensis with Prunus armeniaca at varying heights, which can improve the economic and ecological benefits of planting Prunus armeniaca and Asparagus cochinchinensis.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The method for enhancing the yield of Five-Finger Peach by intercropping Asparagus in high and low rows includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Raising ridges: Raising high ridges and low ridges;

[0009] (2) Planting:

[0010] 1) Make a furrow in the middle of the raised bed and put base fertilizer. Plant five-finger peach in two rows in a triangular or parallel pattern on the wide bed. Cover the bed surface with black mulch or ground cloth. Make holes and bury the roots of the five-finger peach seedlings in the planting holes, cover with soil, and water thoroughly to settle the roots.

[0011] 2) On the low ridges raised in the furrows, apply compound fertilizer A in holes, transplant asparagus seedlings in the holes, and water thoroughly to help them settle.

[0012] The method of raising seedlings of Five-Finger Peach is to mix self-made substrate and coconut coir in a volume ratio of 1:1 to make a seedling substrate. After being sterilized by high-temperature steam, it is naturally cooled and divided into seedling cups. Five-Finger Peach tissue culture seedlings are planted in seedling cups containing seedling substrate. After conventional cultivation for 45-60 days, they can be transplanted to the field.

[0013] 3) Check the seedlings one month after planting Five-finger Peach and Asparagus; replant any dead or missing seedlings in a timely manner.

[0014] (3) Field management: timely weeding and topdressing, regular pruning of the five-finger peach, and prevention and control of diseases and pests;

[0015] (4) Harvesting: Five-finger peach is harvested from October of the third year to March of the following year. Asparagus is harvested at the same time as five-finger peach.

[0016] To further explain, the operation of the high ridges is to use machine tillage to create ridges with a ridge width of 1.8m, a ridge height of 40cm, and a ditch width of 20cm; the operation of the low ridges is to use machine tillage to create ridges with a ridge width of 50cm, a ridge height of 20cm, and a ditch width of 20cm.

[0017] To further clarify, the base fertilizer is per 667 m 2 Apply 1 part well-rotted farmyard manure 000 kg~2 000 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 50 kg~100 kg; Double-row planting of Five-Finger Peach is per 667 kg m 2 Plant 800 to 1000 plants.

[0018] To further clarify, the compound fertilizer A consists of an N:P:K ratio of 15:15:15 compound fertilizer and farmyard manure, with 0.1 kg / plant of the N:P:K ratio of 15:15:15 compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg / plant of farmyard manure. kg / plant.

[0019] To further clarify, the spacing between transplanted asparagus seedlings is 45cm; if drought occurs after transplanting, water can be sprayed appropriately for 3-7 days to ensure that every 667 seedlings are kept moist. m 2 The effective number of asparagus plants should be more than 300, and harvesting should be done after three years.

[0020] To further explain, in step (2), five-finger peach can be transplanted in spring and autumn, with the time being mid-to-late March or early November. Spring transplanting is better. Asparagus is generally planted after the five-finger peach is planted, usually in April or mid-to-late November.

[0021] To further clarify, weeding should be done 2-4 times a year; topdressing should be done 1-2 months after transplanting the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* seedlings, when new shoots have emerged. Spray the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* with a 0.5% liquid compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15). In the second and third years, before new shoots appear or pruning, the compound fertilizer should be evenly spread on the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* beds at a rate of 667... m 2 Apply 80g of high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer 1-2 times. kg~130 kg; The pruning of the five-finger peach is recommended once a year after planting, after the winter solstice or before the spring equinox. Winter pruning involves removing diseased, dead, and weak branches, leaving about 20 cm of branch length. cm~30 cm; Spring pruning, 50 cm above the ground. cm~100 The terminal bud is pruned at a height of cm. Pest and disease control follows the plant protection policy of "prevention first, integrated management," adhering to the principle of "primarily agricultural, biological, and physical control, supplemented by chemical control." For pests affecting *Ficus hirta* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis*, in addition to using frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to attract and kill pests, foliar spraying with 0.15%–0.20% abamectin is also commonly used to control leafrollers and moths.

[0022] To further explain, the self-made substrate consists of 30%–35% pig manure, 20% mushroom residue, 30% tobacco powder, 10% humic acid, and 5%–10% almond fruit residue.

[0023] To further explain, the almond fruit residue is made by collecting fallen almond fruits, steaming and cooling the fruits, and then mixing and crushing the whole fruits into a paste by adding 100ml of water per kilogram of fruit.

[0024] The aforementioned farmyard manure is made from common human and livestock excrement.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This application describes a method of intercropping Asparagus cochinchinensis with Prunus armeniaca in varying rows. The Prunus armeniaca seedlings, after being cultivated using a seedling substrate developed and researched by the inventors, exhibit thicker rhizomes and suitable transplanting height. After a period of time, a significant increase in the weight of the underground roots was observed, leading to increased economic benefits. This demonstrates that the seedling substrate developed by the inventors can be used to select transplanted seedlings with strong rooting ability. This application demonstrates that intercropping Prunus armeniaca with Asparagus cochinchinensis improves land use efficiency and increases economic benefits, making it a worthy method for promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a scene diagram of the planting field in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of root growth under different seedling substrate treatments of the present invention over 3 months. Numbers 1-5 represent treatment groups 1-5, and number 6 represents Example 3. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0030] Example 1:

[0031] Intercropping Asparagus in varying rows of Prunus pubescens for enhanced yield cultivation:

[0032] I. Raising the seedbed:

[0033] High ridges: The ridges are created by machine tillage, with a ridge width of 1.8m, a ridge height of 40cm, and a ditch width of 20cm;

[0034] Low ridges: The ridges are created by machine tillage, with a ridge width of 50cm, a ridge height of 20cm, and a ditch width of 20cm.

[0035] II. Planting Methods and Planting Density

[0036] Apply base fertilizer in furrows in the middle of the raised beds, per 667 m 2 Apply 1000 ml of well-rotted farmyard manure kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 50 kg, planted in double rows in wide beds, with a plant spacing of 60 cm. cm×60 cm, per 667 m 2Plant 800 seedlings; harvesting can begin after 3 years. For wide-ridge planting, *Prunus pedunculata* should be planted in double rows in a triangular or parallel pattern. Cover the ridges with black mulch or ground cover. Make holes according to the planting density and seedling size using a small hoe or planting tool, cutting a depth of 15 cm into the mulch according to the planting specifications. Planting holes made of cm are prepared by removing the seedling cups and burying the roots of the *Prunus armeniaca* seedlings in the holes. Cover the roots with soil, gently pressing it down, and water thoroughly. The *Prunus armeniaca* seedling cultivation method involves mixing a self-made substrate and coconut coir in a 1:1 volume ratio to create the substrate. After high-temperature steam sterilization and natural cooling, the substrate is divided into seedling cups. The *Prunus armeniaca* tissue culture seedlings are then planted in these cups. After 45-60 days of conventional cultivation, they are ready for transplanting to the field. The self-made substrate consists of 30% pig manure, 20% mushroom substrate, 30% tobacco powder, 10% humic acid, and 10% almond fruit residue. The almond fruit residue is obtained by collecting fallen almond fruits, steam sterilizing them, cooling them, and then mixing and pulverizing them into a paste at a ratio of 1 kg of fruit to 100 ml of water.

[0037] On the low ridges raised in the furrows, apply 0.1 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 15:15:15) per plant + 0.5 kg of farmyard manure in holes. kg / plant Transplant asparagus seedlings in holes with a spacing of 45cm. After transplanting, water thoroughly to help them establish roots. If the weather is dry after sowing, spray water appropriately for 3-7 days, ensuring a watering density of 667 cubic meters per day. m 2 The effective number of asparagus plants should be more than 300, and harvesting should be done after three years.

[0038] Check the seedlings one month after planting Five-finger Peach and Asparagus; replant any dead or missing seedlings promptly.

[0039] III. Transplanting Time

[0040] Five-finger peach can be transplanted in spring and autumn, with the best time being mid-to-late March or early November. Spring transplanting is preferred. Asparagus is generally planted after the five-finger peach is planted, usually in mid-to-late April or November.

[0041] IV. Field Management

[0042] 1. Weed control: Five-finger peach is controlled by mulching or ground cover. It can be planted outdoors in winter. Weeds should be removed twice a year.

[0043] 2. Topdressing: One month after transplanting the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* seedlings, topdressing can be applied when new buds appear. Spray the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* seedlings with a 0.5% liquid compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15). In the second and third years, before new buds appear or before pruning, evenly spread the compound fertilizer on the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* seedbeds at a rate of 667... m 2Apply 80 kg of high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer once.

[0044] 3. Pruning of Five-Finger Peach: After one year of planting, it is advisable to prune once a year after the winter solstice or before the spring equinox. Winter pruning involves removing diseased, dead, and weak branches, leaving about 20 cm of branch length. cm; Spring pruning, 50 cm above the ground. Cut off the terminal bud at a distance of cm.

[0045] 4. Pest and Disease Control: Following the plant protection policy of "prevention first, integrated management," we adhere to the principle of "primarily using agricultural, biological, and physical control methods, supplemented by chemical control." For pests affecting *Ficus hirta* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis*, in addition to using frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to attract and kill pests, foliar spraying with 0.15% abamectin is also commonly used to control moths and leafrollers.

[0046] 5. Harvesting: Five-finger peach is harvested from October of the third year to March of the following year. Asparagus and five-finger peach can be harvested at the same time.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] Intercropping Asparagus in varying rows of Prunus pubescens for enhanced yield cultivation:

[0049] I. Raising the seedbed:

[0050] High ridges: The ridges are created by machine tillage, with a ridge width of 1.8m, a ridge height of 40cm, and a ditch width of 20cm;

[0051] Low ridges: The ridges are created by machine tillage, with a ridge width of 50cm, a ridge height of 20cm, and a ditch width of 20cm.

[0052] II. Planting Methods and Planting Density

[0053] Apply base fertilizer in furrows in the middle of the raised beds, per 667 m 2 Apply 2g of well-rotted farmyard manure 000 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 100 kg, planted in double rows in wide beds, with a plant spacing of 60 cm. cm×60 cm, per 667 m 2 Plant 1000 plants; harvesting can begin after 3 years. For wide-bed planting, *Prunus pedunculata* should be planted in double rows in a triangular or parallel pattern. Cover the beds with black mulch or ground cover. Make holes according to the planting density and seedling size using a small hoe or planting tool, cutting a depth of 15 cm into the mulch according to the planting specifications. Planting holes made of cm are prepared by removing the seedling cups and burying the roots of the *Prunus armeniaca* seedlings in the holes. Cover the roots with soil, gently pressing it down, and water thoroughly. The *Prunus armeniaca* seedling cultivation method involves mixing a self-made substrate and coconut coir in a 1:1 volume ratio to create the substrate. After high-temperature steam sterilization and natural cooling, the substrate is divided into seedling cups. The *Prunus armeniaca* tissue culture seedlings are then planted in these cups. After 45-60 days of conventional cultivation, they are ready for transplanting to the field. The self-made substrate consists of 35% pig manure, 20% mushroom substrate, 30% tobacco powder, 10% humic acid, and 5% almond fruit residue. The almond fruit residue is obtained by collecting fallen almond fruits, steam sterilizing them, cooling them, and then mixing and pulverizing them into a paste at a ratio of 1 kg of fruit to 100 ml of water.

[0054] On the low ridges raised in the furrows, apply 0.1 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 15:15:15) per plant + 0.5 kg of farmyard manure in holes. kg / plant Transplant asparagus seedlings in holes with a spacing of 45cm. After transplanting, water thoroughly to help them establish roots. If the weather is dry after sowing, spray water appropriately for 3-7 days, ensuring a watering density of 667 cubic meters per day. m 2 The effective number of asparagus plants should be more than 300, and harvesting should be done after three years.

[0055] Check the seedlings one month after planting Five-finger Peach and Asparagus; replant any dead or missing seedlings promptly.

[0056] III. Transplanting Time

[0057] Five-finger peach can be transplanted in spring and autumn, with the best time being mid-to-late March or early November. Spring transplanting is preferred. Asparagus is generally planted after the five-finger peach is planted, usually in mid-to-late April or November.

[0058] IV. Field Management

[0059] 1. Weed control: Five-finger peach is controlled by mulching or ground cover. It can be planted outdoors in winter. Weeds should be removed 4 times a year.

[0060] 2. Topdressing: One to two months after transplanting the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* seedlings, topdressing can be applied when new buds appear. Spray the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* seedlings with a 0.5% liquid compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15). In the second and third years, before new buds appear or before pruning, evenly spread the compound fertilizer on the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* seedbeds at a rate of 667... m 2 Apply 130g of high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer twice. kg.

[0061] 3. Pruning of Five-Finger Peach: After one year of planting, it is advisable to prune once a year after the winter solstice or before the spring equinox. Winter pruning involves removing diseased, dead, and weak branches, leaving about 30 cm of branch length. cm; Spring pruning, at 100 cm above the ground. Cut off the terminal bud at a distance of cm.

[0062] 4. Pest and Disease Control: Following the plant protection policy of "prevention first, integrated management," we adhere to the principle of "primarily using agricultural, biological, and physical control methods, supplemented by chemical control." For pests affecting *Ficus hirta* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis*, in addition to using frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to attract and kill pests, foliar spraying with 0.20% abamectin is also commonly used to control moths and leafrollers.

[0063] 5. Harvesting: Five-finger peach is harvested from October of the third year to March of the following year. Asparagus and five-finger peach can be harvested at the same time.

[0064] Example 3:

[0065] Intercropping Asparagus in varying rows of Prunus pubescens for enhanced yield cultivation:

[0066] I. Raising the seedbed:

[0067] High ridges: The ridges are created by machine tillage, with a ridge width of 1.8m, a ridge height of 40cm, and a ditch width of 20cm;

[0068] Low ridges: The ridges are created by machine tillage, with a ridge width of 50cm, a ridge height of 20cm, and a ditch width of 20cm.

[0069] II. Planting Methods and Planting Density

[0070] Apply base fertilizer in furrows in the middle of the raised beds, per 667 m 2 Apply 1 part well-rotted farmyard manure 500 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 80 kg, planted in double rows in wide beds, with a plant spacing of 60 cm. cm×60 cm, per 667 m 2 Plant 900 seedlings; harvesting can begin after 3 years. For wide-bed planting, *Prunus pedunculata* (five-finger peach) should be planted in double rows in a triangular or parallel pattern. Cover the bed surface with black mulch or ground cover. Make holes according to the planting density and seedling size using a small hoe or planting tool, cutting a depth of 15 cm into the mulch according to the planting specifications. Planting holes made of cm are prepared by removing the seedling cups and burying the roots of the *Prunus armeniaca* seedlings in the holes. Cover the roots with soil, gently pressing it down, and water thoroughly. The *Prunus armeniaca* seedling cultivation method involves mixing a self-made substrate and coconut coir in a 1:1 volume ratio to create the substrate. After high-temperature steam sterilization and natural cooling, the substrate is divided into seedling cups. The *Prunus armeniaca* tissue culture seedlings are then planted in these cups. After 45-60 days of conventional cultivation, they are ready for transplanting to the field. The self-made substrate consists of 32% pig manure, 20% mushroom substrate, 30% tobacco powder, 10% humic acid, and 8% almond fruit residue. The almond fruit residue is obtained by collecting fallen almond fruits, steam sterilizing them, cooling them, and then mixing and pulverizing them into a paste at a ratio of 1 kg of fruit to 100 ml of water.

[0071] On the low ridges raised in the furrows, apply 0.1 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 15:15:15) per plant + 0.5 kg of farmyard manure in holes. kg / plant Transplant asparagus seedlings in holes with a spacing of 45cm. After transplanting, water thoroughly to help them establish roots. If the weather is dry after sowing, spray water appropriately for 3-7 days, ensuring a watering density of 667 cubic meters per day. m 2 The effective number of asparagus plants should be more than 300, and harvesting should be done after three years.

[0072] Check the seedlings one month after planting Five-finger Peach and Asparagus; replant any dead or missing seedlings promptly.

[0073] III. Transplanting Time

[0074] Five-finger peach can be transplanted in spring and autumn, with the best time being mid-to-late March or early November. Spring transplanting is preferred. Asparagus is generally planted after the five-finger peach is planted, usually in mid-to-late April or November.

[0075] IV. Field Management

[0076] 1. Weed control: Five-finger peach is controlled by mulching or ground cover. It can be planted outdoors in winter. Weeds should be removed 3 times a year.

[0077] 2. Topdressing: Two months after transplanting the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* seedlings, topdressing can be applied when new buds appear. Spray the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* seedlings with a 0.5% liquid compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15). In the second and third years, before new buds appear or before pruning, evenly spread the compound fertilizer on the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* seedbeds at a rate of 667... m 2 Apply 100g of high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer twice. kg.

[0078] 3. Pruning of Five-Finger Peach: After one year of planting, it is advisable to prune once a year after the winter solstice or before the spring equinox. Winter pruning involves removing diseased, dead, and weak branches, leaving about 25 cm of branch length. cm; Spring pruning, at 70 cm above the ground. Cut off the terminal bud at a distance of cm.

[0079] 4. Pest and Disease Control: Following the plant protection policy of "prevention first, integrated management," we adhere to the principle of "primarily using agricultural, biological, and physical control methods, supplemented by chemical control." For pests affecting *Ficus hirta* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis*, in addition to using frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to attract and kill pests, foliar spraying with 0.15% abamectin is also commonly used to control moths and leafrollers.

[0080] 5. Harvesting: Five-finger peach is harvested from October of the third year to March of the following year. Asparagus and five-finger peach can be harvested at the same time.

[0081] See photos of the planting site after transplanting. Figure 1 The low ridges in the middle are planted with asparagus, while the high ridges are planted with five-finger peach.

[0082] To illustrate the effectiveness of this application, the applicant conducted the following experiment:

[0083] Experiment 1: The inventor discovered through research that there are many discarded agricultural products in the local area that can be reused as seedling substrates, but it was unclear how effective they would be for different seedling crops. The inventor collected almond fruit, camellia flowers, and pig manure. Mushroom residue, tobacco powder, and humic acid were purchased from the market.

[0084] Comparative Example 1: The seedling substrate was a commercially available complete seedling substrate (organic matter + humic acid > 50%) produced by Changchun Saisheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.

[0085] Comparative Example 2: The seedling substrate consisted of 30% pig manure, 20% mushroom residue, 30% tobacco powder, 10% humic acid, 5% almond fruit residue, and 5% camellia pollen.

[0086] Comparative Example 3: The seedling substrate consisted of 30% pig manure, 20% mushroom residue, 30% tobacco powder, 10% humic acid, and 10% almond fruit residue.

[0087] Comparative Example 4: The seedling substrate consisted of 30% pig manure, 20% mushroom residue, 30% tobacco powder, 10% humic acid, and 10% camellia pollen.

[0088] The almond fruit residue mentioned above is made by collecting fallen almond fruits, steaming and cooling them, then mixing and pulverizing the whole fruit with 100ml of water per kilogram of fruit to form a paste. Camellia pollen is made by collecting camellia flowers, washing them, drying them at low temperature, and then pulverizing them.

[0089] After preparing the seedling substrates for Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4, each component was divided into 20 seedling cups, with 3 replicates. Then, similarly grown tissue-cultured *Ficus hirta* seedlings from the same batch were cultured in 120 seedling cups. Simultaneously, routine management was carried out in the seedling shed. After 90 days of cultivation using the four different seedling substrate formulations, one plantlet from each of the three replicates was randomly selected from the four groups. The stem diameter, plant height, above-ground dry matter weight, and below-ground dry matter weight of *Ficus hirta* were measured, and the average values ​​were recorded. See Table 1 for details.

[0090] Table 1

[0091]

[0092] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05); the same letter in the same column or no letter in the column indicates no significant differences (P>0.05).

[0093] As can be seen from the table above, not all use of waste as a seedling substrate promotes the seedling growth of tissue culture seedlings of Prunus cerasifera.

[0094] The compound formula in ratio 3 is most beneficial to the growth of Prunus cerasifera.

[0095] Although the compound formula in Comparative Example 2 had the most components, it did not have a promoting effect; on the contrary, it had the worst seedling growth effect.

[0096] The compound formula in Comparative Example 4, which included camellia pollen but not almond fruit residue, had a worse seedling effect than that in Comparative Example 3.

[0097] In terms of stem diameter, comparing Comparative Example 3 with Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4, it is evident that the stem diameter of *Ficus hirta* is at least 0.75 mm. The differences in stem diameter between Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4 are significant.

[0098] In terms of plant height, comparing proportions 1-4, proportion 1 had the tallest plants, followed by proportion 4, then proportion 2, and the shortest was proportion 3. The differences in plant height among proportions 1-4 were not significant. For seedling cultivation, taller is not always better; moderate height is optimal. This is because excessively tall plants pose a greater risk of breakage and lodging during transplanting to the field.

[0099] In terms of aboveground dry matter, compared with Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4, Comparative Example 3 showed the highest aboveground biomass of *Ficus hirta*, exceeding it by at least 0.75 g / plant. The differences in aboveground dry matter between Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4 were significant.

[0100] Regarding the dry matter content of the underground parts, compared with Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4, Comparative Example 3 showed the highest dry matter content of the underground parts of *Ficus hirta*, exceeding that of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4 by at least 0.21 g / plant. As for the dry matter content of the aboveground parts, Comparative Example 3 showed a significant difference from Comparative Example 1, but no significant difference from Comparative Examples 2 and 4; the differences among Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4 were also not significant.

[0101] It is evident that more compound ingredients are not necessarily better. Instead, the best results are achieved when using a seedling substrate consisting of "30% pig manure, 20% mushroom residue, 30% tobacco powder, 10% humic acid, and 10% almond fruit residue" for raising seedlings of *Ficus hirta*.

[0102] Experiment 2: After determining the suitable formula for the self-made seedling substrate in the seedling cups in Experiment 1, the applicant further studied the effect of compounding the self-made seedling substrate into a whole formula for seedling cultivation and then transplanting it into the field based on experience.

[0103] Treatment 1, the intercropping steps are basically the same as in Example 3, the difference is that the seedling substrate used for Five-Finger Peach seedlings is yellow mud.

[0104] Treatment 2: The intercropping steps are basically the same as in Example 3, except that the seedling substrate used for Five-Finger Peach seedlings is a mixture of yellow mud and commercial seedling substrate in a volume ratio of 1:1.

[0105] Treatment 3: The intercropping steps are basically the same as in Example 3, except that the seedling substrate used for Five-Finger Peach seedlings is: coconut coir: commercial seedling substrate mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1.

[0106] Treatment 4: The intercropping steps are basically the same as in Example 3, except that the seedling substrate used for Five-Finger Peach seedlings is a self-made substrate: coconut coir: perlite mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1.

[0107] Treatment 5: The intercropping steps are basically the same as in Example 3, except that the seedling substrate used for Five-Finger Peach seedlings is a self-made substrate: coconut coir: yellow mud mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1.

[0108] The above-mentioned commercial seedling substrates are complete seedling substrates (organic matter + humic acid > 50%) produced by Changchun Saisheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.

[0109] The root growth of *Ficus hirta* seedlings treated with the seedling substrates of Examples 3 and 1-5 was recorded for 3 months. Stem diameter, plant height, above-ground dry matter weight, and underground dry matter weight were also recorded (see Table 2). Each treatment had 30 seedlings, with 3 replicates. 20 seedlings from 6 groups were randomly selected for each indicator measurement, and the average values ​​were taken.

[0110] Table 2

[0111]

[0112] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05); the same letter in the same column or no letter in the column indicates no significant differences (P>0.05).

[0113] The purpose of seedling treatment for Prunus pubescens is to select seedlings with robust underground roots, high root weight, suitable plant height, and good growth as seed plants, which is beneficial to the seedling survival rate after transplanting and reduces the cost and risk of replanting.

[0114] Comparing Example 3 with Treatment Group 1, which used yellow clay as the seedling substrate for *Ficus hirta*, the stem diameter of *Ficus hirta* was 2.45 mm. This is 1.33 mm larger than that of Treatment Group 2 (using a 1:1 mixture of yellow clay and commercial seedling substrate), Treatment Group 3 (using a 1:1 mixture of coconut coir and commercial seedling substrate), Treatment Group 4 (using a 1:1:1 mixture of self-made substrate, coconut coir, and perlite), and Treatment Group 5 (using a 1:1:1 mixture of self-made substrate, coconut coir, and perlite). The stem diameter of Example 3 was not significantly different from that of Treatment Group 4, but significantly different from Treatment Groups 1, 2, 3, and 5.

[0115] In terms of plant height, compared with treatment groups 1-5, the plant height of *Prunus pubescens* in Example 3 was 11.23 cm taller than that in treatment group 1, 10.5 cm shorter than that in treatment group 2, 1.63 cm taller than that in treatment group 3, 2.37 cm shorter than that in treatment group 4, and 5.23 cm shorter than that in treatment group 5. Based on the plant height data, the difference between Example 3 and treatment group 3 was not significant, but the difference between Example 3 and treatment groups 1, 2, 4, and 5 was significant.

[0116] Regarding the aboveground dry matter, compared with treatment groups 1-5, the aboveground biomass of *Ficus hirta* in Example 3 was at least 3.42 g / plant higher than that in treatment group 1; slightly lower than that in treatment group 2; at least 1.75 g / plant higher than that in treatment group 3; at least 0.89 g / plant higher than that in treatment group 4; and at least 0.92 g / plant higher than that in treatment group 5. The aboveground dry matter data showed no significant difference between Example 3 and treatment group 2, but significant differences compared to treatment groups 1, 3, 4, and 5.

[0117] Regarding the dry matter weight of the underground parts, compared with treatment groups 1-5, the dry matter weight of the underground parts of *Ficus hirta* in Example 3 was at least 0.92 g / plant higher than that in treatment group 1; at least 0.41 g / plant higher than that in treatment group 2; at least 0.58 g / plant higher than that in treatment group 3; at least 0.37 g / plant higher than that in treatment group 4; and at least 0.38 g / plant higher than that in treatment group 5. The dry matter weight data for the underground parts showed significant differences between Example 3 and treatment groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

[0118] Based on the data above, Example 3 is the optimal seedling substrate.

[0119] Furthermore, the inventors have discovered through research that the intercropping technique of *Prunus pubescens* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* using the technical solution described in this application, compared to the pure cultivation of *Prunus pubescens*, resulted in a significant difference in the yield and economic benefits of *Prunus pubescens*. It also helps reduce pests and diseases. Currently, the market price for fresh *Prunus pubescens* roots is 10 yuan / kg, and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* is priced at 60 yuan / kg.

[0120] Table 3

[0121]

[0122] It is evident that intercropping increased the yield of *Prunus cerasifera*, and the yield of *Asparagus cochinchinensis* was also quite substantial. In terms of revenue, intercropping increased the output value by 50% compared to monoculture of *Prunus cerasifera*.

[0123] The above description is a detailed explanation of preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical concept presented in the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for enhancing the yield of *Prunus armeniaca* intercropping with *Asparagus cochinchinensis* in varying row heights, characterized by: Includes the following steps: (1) Raising ridges: Raising high ridges and low ridges; (2) Planting: 1) Apply base fertilizer in a furrow in the middle of the raised bed. Plant five-finger peach in double rows in a triangular or parallel pattern on the wide bed. Cover the bed surface with black mulch or ground cover. Make holes and bury the roots of the well-grown five-finger peach seedlings in the planting holes, cover with soil, and water thoroughly. The base fertilizer is applied per 667m². 2 Apply 1000-2000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure and 50-100 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; for double-row planting of *Prunus pubescens*, the ratio is 1:1 per 667 m². 2 Plant 800-1000 plants; 2) On the low ridges raised in the furrows, apply compound fertilizer A in holes, transplant asparagus seedlings in the holes, and water thoroughly to help them settle. The method of raising seedlings of Five-Finger Peach is to mix self-made substrate and coconut coir in a volume ratio of 1:1 to make a seedling substrate. After being sterilized by high-temperature steam, it is naturally cooled and divided into seedling cups. Five-Finger Peach tissue culture seedlings are planted in seedling cups containing seedling substrate and conventionally cultivated for 45-60 days before being transplanted to the field. The self-made substrate consists of 30%–35% pig manure, 20% mushroom residue, 30% tobacco powder, 10% humic acid, and 5%–10% almond fruit residue. The almond fruit residue is made by collecting fallen almond fruits, steaming and cooling the fruits, and then mixing and crushing the whole fruits into a paste by adding 100ml of water to 1kg of fruit. The compound fertilizer A is a mixture of N:P:K=15:15:15 compound fertilizer and farmyard manure, with 0.1 kg / plant of N:P:K=15:15:15 compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg / plant of farmyard manure; 3) Check the seedlings one month after planting Five-finger Peach and Asparagus; replant any dead or missing seedlings in a timely manner. (3) Field management: timely weeding and topdressing, regular pruning of the five-finger peach, and prevention and control of diseases and pests; (4) Harvesting: Five-finger peach is harvested from October of the third year to March of the following year. Asparagus is harvested at the same time as five-finger peach.

2. The method for enhancing the yield of *Prunus armeniaca* intercropping with *Asparagus cochinchinensis* in high and low rows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation of the high ridges is to use machine tillage to create ridges with a ridge width of 1.8m, a ridge height of 40cm, and a ditch width of 20cm; the operation of the low ridges is to use machine tillage to create ridges with a ridge width of 50cm, a ridge height of 20cm, and a ditch width of 20cm.

3. The method for enhancing the yield of *Prunus armeniaca* intercropping with *Asparagus cochinchinensis* in high and low rows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between transplanted asparagus seedlings should be 45cm; if drought occurs after transplanting, water should be sprayed appropriately for 3-7 days to ensure a spacing of 1000-2000 seedlings per 667m². 2 The effective number of asparagus plants should be more than 300, and harvesting should be done after three years.

4. The method for enhancing the yield of *Prunus armeniaca* intercropping with *Asparagus cochinchinensis* in high and low rows according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), five-finger peach can be transplanted in spring and autumn, in late March or early November. Asparagus should be planted after the five-finger peach is planted, in late April or late November.

5. The method for enhancing the yield of *Prunus armeniaca* intercropping with *Asparagus cochinchinensis* in high and low rows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weeding is to remove weeds 2-4 times a year; the topdressing is to apply fertilizer 1-2 months after transplanting the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* seedlings, when the seedlings have sprouted new buds. Apply a 0.5% liquid compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:15:15 to both the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* seedlings. In the second and third years, before new buds appear or before pruning, evenly spread the compound fertilizer in the *Prunus armeniaca* and *Asparagus cochinchinensis* beds at a rate of 1:15 per 667m². 2 Apply 80-130 kg of high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer 1-2 times. The pruning of the five-finger peach is to be done once a year after planting, after the winter solstice or before the spring equinox. In winter, prune diseased, dead, and weak branches, leaving branches 20-30 cm long. In spring, prune the terminal buds at 50-100 cm above the ground. For pests of five-finger peach and asparagus, use frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to attract and kill pests. For five-finger peach, also spray the leaves with 0.15%-0.20% abamectin to prevent leafrollers.

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