Analog breathing system
By designing a simulated respiratory system and utilizing precise control of tidal volume and residual volume, the problems of long testing cycles and high costs in existing testing methods have been solved, achieving efficient and low-cost testing of respiratory surgical instruments and providing a realistic biomimetic environment.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NINGBO TRANDO 3D MEDICAL TECH CO
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for testing the performance of respiratory surgical instruments mainly rely on in vivo animal experiments or simplified thoracic organ models, which cannot effectively simulate complex in vivo testing environments, resulting in long testing cycles, high costs, and low repeatability.
A simulated breathing system was designed, including an inlet tubing, an outlet tubing, a tidal volume tubing, a residual volume tubing, a tidal volume simulation device, and a residual volume simulation device. Combined with a lung simulation device, the system simulates the human respiratory cycle through precise control of tidal volume and residual volume, providing a highly biomimetic testing environment.
It enables efficient testing of respiratory surgical instruments, reduces reliance on animal experiments, improves testing efficiency and reduces costs, while providing a more realistic biomimetic environment suitable for scientific research.
Smart Images
Figure CN117935662B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical devices, and more specifically to a simulated respiratory system. Background Technology
[0002] Respiratory surgical instruments are commonly used medical devices in thoracic surgeries, including thoracoscopes, ultrasonic scalpels, and forceps separators. Related instruments include bronchoscopic intubation tubes and suction catheters. Because thoracic surgeries are performed near vital organs such as the heart, these instruments undergo performance testing before leaving the factory.
[0003] Most performance testing and validation of this type of device is based on in vivo animal experiments or simplified thoracic organ models. In vivo animal experiments provide a realistic physiological environment for testing the device; however, these experiments have long preparation times, demanding testing environment requirements, and low reusability. Simplified thoracic organ models provide a static testing environment, but they can only simulate static conditions. These models can only address relatively simple or specific performance evaluations and cannot achieve testing and validation under complex environments. Therefore, the industry needs a simulated respiratory system that can highly simulate the in vivo testing environment. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simulated respiratory system that can highly simulate the living test environment, providing a more realistic biomimetic environment for related scientific research fields.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a simulated respiratory system, comprising an inlet tubing, an outlet tubing, a tidal volume tubing, a residual volume tubing, a tidal volume simulation device, and a residual volume simulation device. The tidal volume simulation device is disposed on the tidal volume tubing, and the residual volume simulation device is disposed on the residual volume tubing. The tidal volume simulation device is used to provide air volume within the tidal volume range, and the residual volume simulation device is used to provide air volume within the residual volume range. The outlet ends of the tidal volume tubing and the residual volume tubing are both connected to the inlet end of the outlet tubing, and the inlet ends of the tidal volume tubing and the residual volume tubing are both connected to the outlet end of the inlet tubing. The inlet tubing and the outlet tubing are used to connect to a lung simulation device.
[0006] Optionally, it also includes a lung simulation device, wherein the inlet end of the air inlet tube is connected to the lung simulation device, and the outlet end of the air outlet tube is connected to the lung simulation device.
[0007] Optionally, the lung simulation device is housed in a container, which is made based on human chest cavity and skeletal body shape data, and the lung simulation device is positioned in the container at a position corresponding to the lungs in the human chest cavity.
[0008] Optionally, a three-way valve is also included, the three-way valve including a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, the first interface being connected to the inlet end of the air inlet pipe and the outlet end of the air outlet pipe, the second interface being connected to the lung simulation device, and the third interface being used to insert into a medical device.
[0009] Optionally, the tidal volume simulation device includes a cylinder, a lead screw, a nut, and a piston. The piston is disposed inside the cylinder and divides the internal space of the cylinder into a first chamber and a second chamber. The cylinder has a first air inlet and an air outlet. The nut is sleeved on the lead screw and threadedly connected to the lead screw. The lead screw passes through the piston, and the nut is connected to the piston so that when the nut moves along the axial direction of the lead screw, it drives the piston to move.
[0010] Optionally, the tidal volume simulation device further includes a guide optical axis, which is arranged parallel to the lead screw and passes through the piston.
[0011] Optionally, the residual gas volume simulation device includes a gas exchanger and a first commutator, a fan, and a second commutator arranged sequentially. The first commutator has a first gear and a second gear, and the second commutator has a third gear and a fourth gear. When the first commutator is adjusted to the first gear, it is connected to the gas exchanger. When the first commutator is adjusted to the second gear, it is connected to the inlet end of the air inlet pipe. When the second commutator is adjusted to the third gear, it is connected to the gas exchanger. When the second commutator is adjusted to the fourth gear, it is connected to the outlet end of the air outlet pipe. The fan is used to provide airflow.
[0012] Optionally, it also includes an air supply line, wherein the tidal volume simulation device is provided with a second air inlet, and the air supply line is connected to the second air inlet.
[0013] Optionally, it also includes a controller, which is connected to the tidal volume simulation device and / or the residual volume simulation device, and is used to control and adjust the volume of the tidal volume simulation device and / or the residual volume simulation device.
[0014] Optionally, at least one of the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe, the tidal volume pipe, and the residual volume pipe is equipped with a gas flow meter, and the gas flow meter is communicatively connected to the controller; the controller is configured to control and adjust the gas volume of the tidal volume simulation device and / or the residual volume simulation device according to the metering data of the gas flow meter.
[0015] The simulated breathing system provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0016] This invention provides a simulated respiratory system, including an inlet tube, an outlet tube, a tidal volume tube, a residual volume tube, a tidal volume simulation device, and a residual volume simulation device. The tidal volume simulation device is disposed on the tidal volume tube, and the residual volume simulation device is disposed on the residual volume tube. The tidal volume simulation device is used to provide air volume within the tidal volume range, and the residual volume simulation device is used to provide air volume within the residual volume range. The tidal volume tube and the residual volume tube are connected in parallel to form a parallel tube. The outlet end of the parallel tube is connected to the inlet end of the outlet tube, and the inlet end of the parallel tube is connected to the outlet end of the inlet tube. The inlet tube and the outlet tube are used to connect to a lung simulation device. This invention utilizes the tidal volume simulation device to provide air volume within the tidal volume range and the residual volume simulation device to provide air volume within the residual volume range. It simultaneously considers the tidal volume and residual volume of human respiration, enabling the reproduction of the respiratory cycle process of the human respiratory system. It can highly simulate the live testing environment, providing a more realistic biomimetic environment for related scientific research fields. Compared with animal live experiments, this invention reduces the requirements for the testing environment and the test subjects, improves the efficiency of operation and testing, and reduces testing costs. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a simulated respiratory system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of a three-way valve provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure when the first commutator is adjusted to the first gear and the second commutator is adjusted to the fourth gear according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention when the first commutator is adjusted to the second gear and when the second commutator is adjusted to the third gear;
[0021] The attached figures are labeled as follows:
[0022] 1-Tidal volume simulation device; 11-Cylinder; 12-Lead screw; 13-Nut; 14-Piston; 15-Guide optical axis; 16-Optical axis bearing seat; 17-Position sensor; 18-Gas flow meter; 19-Servo motor; 110-First air inlet; 120-Air outlet; 130-Second air inlet;
[0023] 2-Residual gas volume simulation device; 21-Gas exchanger; 22-First commutator; 23-Fan; 24-Second commutator; 221-First gear; 222-Second gear; 241-Third gear; 242-Fourth gear; 25-Electromagnetic proportional regulating valve; 26-Gas flow meter;
[0024] 3-Lung simulation device; 30-Connecting tube; 31-Container;
[0025] 4-Three-way valve; 41-Compression cap; 42-Locking buckle; 43-Piercing plate pressure table; 44-Piercing plate; 45-Third interface; 46-First interface; 47-Locking nut; 48-Multi-stage pagoda head; 49-Second interface;
[0026] 5-Controller;
[0027] 6-Touchscreen;
[0028] 10 - Outlet end of the air outlet pipe; 101 - Inlet end of the air outlet pipe; 102 - One-way valve; 103 - Pressure sensor;
[0029] 20 - Inlet end of the air inlet line; 201 - Check valve; 202 - Gas flow meter; 203 - Pressure sensor; 204 - Outlet end of the air inlet line;
[0030] 40 - Inlet end of the air supply line; 401 - One-way valve; 402 - Regulating valve;
[0031] 50 - Outlet end of the leakage simulation pipeline; 501 - Gas flow meter; 502 - Control valve. Detailed Implementation
[0032] To make the objectives, advantages, and features of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and are not drawn to scale, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the explanation of the embodiments of this invention. Furthermore, the structures shown in the drawings are often part of the actual structures. In particular, different figures may emphasize different aspects and may sometimes use different scales.
[0033] It should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as "on" or "connected to" other elements or layers, it may be directly on or connected to other elements or layers, or may include intervening elements or layers. Conversely, when an element is referred to as "directly on" or "directly connected to" other elements or layers, intervening elements or layers are not included. Although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various elements, components, areas, layers, and / or portions, these elements, components, areas, layers, and / or portions should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, area, layer, or portion from another element, component, area, layer, or portion. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of this invention, the first element, component, area, layer, or portion discussed below may be referred to as a second element, component, area, layer, or portion. Spatial relation terms such as "below," "under," "below," "above," "on top," "above," etc., may be used herein for convenience of description to describe the relationship between one element or feature shown in the figures and other elements or features. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientations shown in the figures, spatial relational terms are intended to also include different orientations of the devices in use and operation. For example, if the devices in the figures are flipped, then elements or features described as “below,” “under,” or “below” will be oriented “on” other elements or features. Devices may be oriented additionally (rotated 90 degrees or otherwise) and the spatial descriptive terms used herein will be interpreted accordingly. The terminology used herein is intended only to describe particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. When used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “comprising” is used to identify the inclusion of features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the inclusion or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups. When used herein, the terms “and / or” include any and all combinations of the associated listed items.
[0034] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simulated respiratory system that can highly simulate the living test environment, providing a more realistic biomimetic environment for related scientific research fields.
[0035] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a simulated respiratory system, please refer to... Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a simulated respiratory system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1As shown, the simulated breathing system includes an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a tidal volume pipe, a residual volume pipe, a tidal volume simulation device 1, and a residual volume simulation device 2. The tidal volume simulation device 1 is located on the tidal volume pipe, and the residual volume simulation device 2 is located on the residual volume pipe. The tidal volume simulation device 1 is used to provide the volume of air within the tidal volume range, and the residual volume simulation device 2 is used to provide the volume of air within the residual volume range.
[0036] The outlet end of the tidal volume pipeline and the outlet end of the residual volume pipeline are both connected to the inlet end 101 of the outlet pipeline, and the inlet end of the tidal volume pipeline and the inlet end of the residual volume pipeline are both connected to the outlet end 204 of the inlet pipeline; the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline are used to connect to a lung simulation device.
[0037] Tidal volume and residual volume are both terms in sports medicine. Tidal volume refers to the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during each breath at rest, generally referring to expiratory volume. It is an indicator of lung volume and is mainly used in pulmonary function tests to assess ventilation function. Tidal volume is easily affected by diaphragmatic function. During exercise or with underlying diseases, tidal volume can increase, reaching up to the vital capacity during exercise; conversely, it can decrease in cases of respiratory insufficiency. The normal reference range for tidal volume is 8-10 ml / kg for adults and 6-10 ml / kg for children. Residual volume is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation, when the lungs are still in a state of expansion. In normal individuals, residual volume is approximately 1200–1500 ml, accounting for 20%–25% of total lung capacity (TLC). This invention is configured to utilize the tidal volume simulation device 1 to provide the air volume within the tidal volume range and the residual air volume simulation device 2 to provide the air volume within the residual air volume range, while simultaneously considering the tidal volume and residual air volume of human respiration. This enables the reproduction of the respiratory cycle process of the human respiratory system and can highly simulate the live testing environment, providing a more realistic biomimetic environment for related scientific research fields. Compared with live animal experiments, this invention reduces the requirements for the testing environment and the experimental subjects, improves the efficiency of operation and testing, and reduces testing costs.
[0038] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 1In one exemplary embodiment, the tidal volume pipeline and the residual gas volume pipeline are connected in parallel to form a parallel pipeline. The outlet end of the parallel pipeline is connected to the inlet end 101 of the outlet pipeline, and the inlet end of the parallel pipeline is connected to the outlet end 204 of the inlet pipeline. The connection method includes, but is not limited to, using a manifold. It should be understood that the tidal volume pipeline and the residual gas volume pipeline can also be connected in series or in other ways, as long as the outlet ends of the tidal volume pipeline and the residual gas volume pipeline are both connected to the inlet end 101 of the outlet pipeline, and the inlet ends of the tidal volume pipeline and the residual gas volume pipeline are both connected to the outlet end 204 of the inlet pipeline. Further details are omitted here.
[0039] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 1 Furthermore, it also includes a lung simulation device 3, wherein the inlet end 20 of the air inlet tube is connected to the lung simulation device 3, and the outlet end 10 of the air outlet tube is connected to the lung simulation device 3. In such cases... Figure 1 In one exemplary embodiment shown, the outlet end 10 of the air outlet pipe and the inlet end 20 of the air inlet pipe can both be connected to the connecting pipe 30, and then the connecting pipe 30 is connected to the lung simulation device 3. With this configuration, the outlet end 10 of the air outlet pipe and the inlet end 20 of the air inlet pipe can be further integrated using the connecting pipe 30, which facilitates installation and removal during use.
[0040] The lung simulation device 3 can highly simulate the physiological structure of the respiratory system based on real animal tissue and real human data. Furthermore, in cases such as... Figure 1In one exemplary embodiment, the lung simulation device 3 can be placed in a container 31. The container 31 is manufactured based on human thoracic cavity and skeletal anatomy data, and the lung simulation device 3 is positioned within the container 31 at a location corresponding to the lungs in the human thoracic cavity. The container 31 can be made of a soft material resembling the outer shell of a human thoracic cavity and is marked with anatomical landmarks for better positioning of the device intervention point. The container 31 can utilize real human thoracic cavity and skeletal anatomy data, based on CT images of the chest cavity of a real adult male, starting from the neck and throat area, including the throat, neck, spine, ribs, sternum, chest skin, mediastinum, and diaphragm, extending down to the diaphragm. The shell is manufactured in one piece using a machining mold and thermoforming process. A three-dimensional model of the human thoracic cavity and skeletal anatomy data is created, and the container 31 is formed using rapid 3D printing or vacuum forming. The spatial positions of the airway, diaphragm, and mediastinum can be confirmed and the installation position determined based on the human thoracic cavity data. This invention utilizes real anatomical data of adult Chinese men to design and manufacture a container for holding excised lung tissue. The container model includes the neck, chest, spine, and ribs. The interior of the container 31 is painted with textured patterns of human internal organs to simulate the thoracoscopic testing environment. Inside the thoracic cavity shell, the shapes of the ribs and spine are depicted, and the textured patterns of internal human tissue enhance the realism under endoscopy. Furthermore, the upper thoracic cavity portion is composed of ribs and soft skin. The soft skin is designed and molded using real data. Its shell, ribs, and upper thoracic cavity are characterized by repeatable punctures and imaging effects similar to human tissue images under CT scans. The upper skin thoracic cavity is fixed to the back base by pins. The upper skin thoracic cavity is composed of soft material, ribs, sternum, and a mounting base. The mounting base and the lower shell thoracic cavity work together to form the entire thoracic container. The upper thoracic cavity and the lower shell base are separated at one-third of the human body's cross-section. Based on this, the container 31 can simulate various scenarios, such as the lateral decubitus position: the most common position. During the procedure, adjustments can be made as needed. Generally, three small incisions, each 1-1.5 cm long, are made. The incision for placing the thoracoscopic is selected at the 7th or 8th intercostal space between the mid-axillary line and the posterior axillary line. The locations of the other two incisions are determined after the lesion site is identified. The incisions should be spaced 10-15 cm apart and arranged in a triangular pattern. Semi-lateral decubitus position: After lying supine, elevate one side of the back by 30°-45° or rotate the operating table to achieve the desired position. This position is suitable for anterior mediastinal, pericardial, and cardiac surgeries. Supine position: Same as the position for the midline sternal incision. This position is suitable for anterior mediastinal lesions and secondary surgeries for bilateral intrathoracic lesions. The incision for placing the thoracoscopic is selected at the 4th or 5th intercostal space along the anterior axillary line. The remaining incisions are used for intrathoracic tissue biopsies and scans, following the same principles.
[0041] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-way valve provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Further, the simulated breathing system also includes a three-way valve, which includes a first interface 46, a second interface 49, and a third interface 45. The first interface 46 is connected to the inlet end 20 of the inlet tubing and the outlet end 10 of the outlet tubing. The second interface 49 is connected to the lung simulation device 3. The third interface 45 is used to insert medical devices. The axes of the second interface 49 and the third interface 45 can be aligned on the same straight line to facilitate better access of the device to the internal channels of the excised tissue. The third interface 45 should accommodate devices or catheters of 8Fr-32Fr. The inner diameter of the first interface 46 can be 22mm for connecting the connecting tube 30. The second interface 49 has a conical pagoda design, such as a multi-stage pagoda head 48, to accommodate tracheal connections of different diameters, with an outer pagoda diameter ranging from 12-24mm. A locking nut 47 is designed at the front end of the pagoda between the first interface 46 and the third interface 45. It is fixed to the lower shell of the tissue container by means of a through plate and is manufactured by machining and welding processes. The third interface 45 can be adapted to the pressure cap 41 and the puncture piece 44. The pressure cap 41 is provided with a puncture piece pressing platform 43 and a puncture piece 44. The puncture piece pressing platform 43 and the puncture piece 44 are connected by a locking buckle 42, thus forming an interventional port for medical experiments such as puncture experiments.
[0042] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 1 Specifically, the tidal volume simulation device 1 includes a cylinder 11, a lead screw 12, a nut 13, and a piston 14. The piston 14 is located inside the cylinder 11 and divides the internal space of the cylinder 11 into a first chamber and a second chamber. The cylinder 11 has a first air inlet 110 and an air outlet 120. The nut 13 is sleeved on the lead screw 12 and threadedly connected to it. The nut 13 is connected to the piston 14, and the lead screw 12 passes through the piston 14. The lead screw can be driven by a servo motor 19. When the servo motor 19 is started, the lead screw 12 can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. Since the nut 13 is sleeved on the lead screw 12 and threadedly connected to it, the nut 13 can move along the thread along the axial direction of the lead screw 12. Furthermore, because the nut 13 is connected to the piston 14 (e.g., ...), Figure 1(The parts are attached to each other and connected), the lead screw 12 passes through the piston 14, so that when the nut 13 moves along the axial direction of the lead screw 12, it drives the piston to move. Therefore, the nut 13 will drive the piston 14 to move along the axial direction of the lead screw 12. Furthermore, because the piston 14 divides the internal space of the cylinder 11 into a first chamber and a second chamber, the piston 14 will change the volume of the first chamber and the second chamber. Since the cylinder 11 has a first air inlet 110 and an air outlet 120, the cylinder will use the volume change of the first chamber and the second chamber to generate air pressure change, and use the first air inlet 110 and the air outlet 120 to exchange gases with the outside, realizing the function of air intake and exhaust. At this time, from the perspective of the lung simulation device 3, the air intake of the tidal volume simulation device 1 is equivalent to the "exhalation" of the lung simulation device 3, and the air exhaust of the tidal volume simulation device 1 is equivalent to the "inhalation" of the lung simulation device 3. Figure 1 In one exemplary embodiment, the first air inlet 110 and the air outlet 120 may be located on the same side of the cylinder relative to the piston 14. Such a configuration necessitates the installation of one-way valves, such as one-way valve 102 and one-way valve 201, on the air outlet and air inlet pipes. This ensures that when the tidal volume simulation device 1 discharges air, the air outlet pipe allows gas flow, but the air inlet pipe does not; conversely, when the tidal volume simulation device 1 receives air, the air inlet pipe allows gas flow, but the air outlet pipe does not. It should be understood that the first air inlet 110 and the air outlet 120 may also be located in other orientations, with corresponding valves installed on the air outlet and air inlet pipes, which will not be elaborated upon here.
[0043] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 1 Furthermore, the tidal volume simulation device 1 also includes a guide optical axis 15, which is arranged parallel to the lead screw 12 and passes through the piston 14. Because the internal space of the cylinder 11 is relatively large, the guide optical axis 15 is provided to further constrain the axial movement of the piston 14 along the lead screw 12. The guide optical axis 15 is equipped with an optical axis bearing seat 16. Figure 1 In one exemplary embodiment, there are two guide optical axes 15. The piston 14 is coaxially arranged with the lead screw 12, meaning the lead screw 12 passes through the center of the piston 14. The two guide optical axes 15 are symmetrically arranged about the lead screw 12, thus achieving a better constraint effect. It should be understood that the lead screw 12, the guide optical axes 15, and the piston 14 can also adopt other positions and constraint relationships, as long as the piston 14 can move along the axial direction of the lead screw 12. Further details are omitted here.
[0044] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 1 Specifically, the residual gas volume simulation device 2 includes a gas exchanger 21 and a first commutator 22, a fan 23 and a second commutator 24 arranged in sequence. The first commutator 22 has a first gear 221 and a second gear 222, and the second commutator 24 has a third gear 241 and a fourth gear 242.
[0045] When the first commutator 22 is adjusted to the first position 221, the first commutator 22 is connected to the gas exchanger 21; when the first commutator 22 is adjusted to the second position 222, the first commutator 22 is connected to the inlet end of the air inlet pipe; when the second commutator 24 is adjusted to the third position 241, the second commutator 24 is connected to the gas exchanger 21; when the second commutator 24 is adjusted to the fourth position 242, the second commutator 24 is connected to the outlet end 10 of the air outlet pipe.
[0046] The fan 23 is used to provide airflow.
[0047] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 1 Preferably, the device further includes a gas replenishment pipeline. The tidal volume simulation device 1 has a second air inlet 130, and the gas replenishment pipeline is connected to the second air inlet 130. The function of the gas replenishment pipeline is to replenish gas when the gas pressure inside the tidal volume simulation device 1 is insufficient. When the gas pressure inside the tidal volume simulation device 1 is insufficient, the regulating valve 402 is opened, and gas enters from the inlet end 40 of the gas replenishment pipeline and then enters the tidal volume simulation device 1 through the second air inlet 130. Similarly, the gas replenishment pipeline is also equipped with a one-way valve 401 to ensure that gas flows only in the direction of entering the tidal volume simulation device 1.
[0048] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 1 Preferably, the system also includes a leakage simulation line, which is connected to the outlet line on the side of the outlet line. The leakage simulation line primarily simulates a scenario where air leakage occurs during a patient's inhalation when using a ventilator. The air output of the tidal volume simulation device 1 is equivalent to the "inhalation" of the lung simulation device 3; therefore, the leakage simulation line is placed on the outlet line. Furthermore, because the leakage simulation line should ideally not occupy the outlet end 10 of the outlet line, it is connected to the outlet line on the side of the outlet line. When the leakage simulation line is activated, the regulating valve 502 is opened, and a portion of the gas from the outlet line flows out through the outlet end 50 of the leakage simulation line, thus simulating a scenario where air leakage occurs during a patient's inhalation when using a ventilator.
[0049] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 1Furthermore, it also includes a controller 5, which is connected to the tidal volume simulation device 1 and / or the residual volume simulation device 2. The controller 5 is used to control and adjust the air volume of the tidal volume simulation device 1 and / or the residual volume simulation device 2. In an exemplary embodiment, tidal volume and residual volume driven by different scenarios, different times, and different waveforms can be preset to dynamically adjust the air volume of the tidal volume simulation device 1 and / or the residual volume simulation device 2. Specific implementation methods include, but are not limited to, controlling and adjusting the speed and displacement of the piston 14 and the rotational speed of the fan 23. When controlling the speed and displacement of the piston 14, a position sensor 17 located in the cylinder 11 can be used to communicate with the controller 5 to control the speed and displacement of the piston 14. The controller 5 can be set with parameters including tidal volume, residual volume, make-up volume, inspiratory-expiratory ratio, etc. The controller 5 can also set the respiratory waveform, such as normal end-expiratory CO2 waveform, square wave, sine wave, and decreasing wave. To facilitate the use of the simulated breathing system by the operator, the simulated breathing system may also include a touch screen 6 for displaying an interactive interface for controlling the operation of the simulated breathing system, which will not be described in detail here.
[0050] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 1 Furthermore, at least one of the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe, the tidal volume pipe, and the residual gas volume pipe is equipped with a gas flow meter, and the gas flow meter is communicatively connected to the controller 5; the controller 5 is configured to control and adjust the gas volume of the tidal volume simulation device 1 and / or the residual gas volume simulation device 2 based on the metering data of the gas flow meter. Figure 1 In one exemplary embodiment, a gas flow meter 18 is installed on the tidal volume pipeline, a gas flow meter 26 is installed on the residual gas pipeline, a gas flow meter 202 is installed on the inlet pipeline, and a gas flow meter 501 is installed on the leakage simulation pipeline. In short, the gas flow meters can be installed on any gas pipeline, and any of the gas flow meters can be communicatively connected to the controller 5. This configuration allows the controller 5 to dynamically control and adjust the gas volume of the tidal volume simulation device 1 and / or the residual gas simulation device 2 based on the measurement data from the gas flow meters, achieving dynamic monitoring and control adjustment throughout the entire process.
[0051] The following is combined Figure 1 The working principle of the present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the above-mentioned technical features.
[0052] Please refer to Figure 1When simulating lung "inhalation," from the perspective of the simulated respiratory system, gas is input into the lung simulation device 3, corresponding to the exhaust of the tidal volume simulation device 1 and the residual volume simulation device 2. At this time, the servo motor 19 is activated, causing the piston 14 to move to the right, and the first commutator 22 is adjusted to the first gear 221, the second commutator 24 is adjusted to the fourth gear 242, and the fan 23 is activated. At this time, due to the action of the one-way valve 201 and the closed regulating valve 402, there is no gas flow in the supplementary air line and the intake air line. At this time, regarding the tidal volume simulation device 1, the gas in the cylinder 11 will be output through the outlet 120, and then through the gas flow meter 18 and the one-way valve 102 from the outlet end 10 of the outlet pipeline to provide the gas volume within the tidal volume range. (If it is necessary to simulate a leakage scenario at this time, the regulating valve 502 can be opened and the valve size adjusted so that a portion of the gas passes through the gas flow meter 501 and the regulating valve 502 and is output from the outlet end 50 of the leakage simulation pipeline; otherwise, the regulating valve is not opened.) Regarding the residual gas volume simulation device 2, after the fan 23 is started, gas enters from the outside through the gas exchanger 21, passes through the first commutator 22, the fan 23, and the second commutator 24, and is then output from the residual gas volume simulation device 2. At the outlet end of the parallel pipeline, i.e., the inlet end 101 of the outlet pipeline, the gas merges with the gas from the tidal volume simulation device 1, and is then output from the outlet end 10 of the outlet pipeline via the one-way valve 102, thus providing gas volume within the residual gas volume range. The gas will be input into the lung simulation device 3 to simulate the scenario of lung "inhalation". The above gas flow path can be referenced. Figure 1 The direction of the arrow in the image.
[0053] When simulating lung "exhalation," from the perspective of the simulated respiratory system, gas is drawn out from the lung simulation device 3, corresponding to the intake of the tidal volume simulation device 1 and the residual volume simulation device 2. At this time, the servo motor 19 is activated, causing the piston 14 to move to the left, and the first commutator 22 is adjusted to the second gear 222, and the second commutator 24 is adjusted to the third gear 241, activating the fan 23. Due to the action of the one-way valve 102, no gas flows through the outlet pipe. At this time, regarding the tidal volume simulation device 1, the gas in the lung simulation device 3 is drawn out through the connecting pipe 30 and sequentially passes through the inlet end 20 of the inlet pipe, the pressure sensor 203, the gas flow meter 202, and the one-way valve 201, finally entering the tidal volume simulation device 1 through the first air inlet 110 to provide the gas volume within the tidal volume range. Regarding the residual gas volume simulation device 2, after the fan 23 is started, the gas from the inlet pipe is split at the inlet end of the parallel pipe, i.e., the outlet end 204 of the inlet pipe, and after passing through the first commutator 22, the fan 23, and the second commutator 24, it is discharged to the outside through the gas exchanger 21 to provide the gas volume within the residual gas volume range. The gas will be input into the lung simulation device 3 to simulate the scenario of lung "exhalation". The above gas flow path can be referenced. Figure 1 The direction of the arrow in the image.
[0054] During the above-described operation, the controller 5 can obtain the gas flow rate of each pipeline through the gas flow meter 18 on the tidal volume pipeline, the gas flow meter 26 on the residual gas pipeline, the gas flow meter 202 on the inlet pipeline, and the gas flow meter 501 on the leakage simulation pipeline. It can also use pressure sensors to collect inspiratory pressure, expiratory pressure, and maximum and minimum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and dynamically control and adjust the tidal volume simulation device 1 and the residual gas simulation device 2 according to a preset test scenario. An electromagnetic proportional regulating valve 25 can also be installed on the residual gas pipeline for further precise control of the residual gas volume. Furthermore, if insufficient gas pressure is detected in the tidal volume simulation device 1 during the above process, the regulating valve 402 can be opened to supplement gas into the tidal volume simulation device 1 using the supplemental gas pipeline. For example, instantaneous inspiratory volume = tidal volume + supplemental gas volume; instantaneous expiratory volume = tidal volume + supplemental gas volume - residual gas volume.
[0055] The controller 5 can be configured to a breathing mode and a continuous ventilation mode according to experimental requirements. When the system is in continuous ventilation mode, the tidal volume simulation device 1 stops working, and the fan 23 in the residual volume simulation device 2 operates, controlling the air volume of the system by controlling the continuous ventilation parameters, so that the lung simulation device 3 maintains the target shape.
[0056] During the simulated breathing process described above, the operator can use the three-way valve 4 to perform various medical device tests or other medical experiments. Interventional medical devices can be inserted through the third interface 45, such as thoracic surgery instruments commonly used in thoracic surgeries, including thoracoscopes, ultrasonic scalpels, and forceps separators, as well as bronchoscope-related surgical instruments such as bronchoscope intubation catheters and suction catheters. Therefore, this invention utilizes the tidal volume simulation device to provide air volume within the tidal volume range and the residual volume simulation device to provide air volume within the residual volume range, while simultaneously considering both tidal volume and residual volume in human respiration. This enables the replication of the respiratory cycle process of the human respiratory system, highly simulating the in vivo testing environment and providing a more realistic biomimetic environment for related scientific research fields. Compared to in vivo animal experiments, this invention reduces the requirements for the testing environment and the experimental subjects, improves operational testing efficiency, and reduces testing costs.
[0057] It should also be noted that although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. For any person skilled in the art, many possible variations and modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention based on the disclosed technical content, or equivalent embodiments can be modified accordingly, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0058] It should also be understood that, unless otherwise specified or indicated, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., in the specification are used only to distinguish the various components, elements, and steps in the specification, and not to indicate the logical or sequential relationships between the various components, elements, and steps.
[0059] Furthermore, it should be recognized that the terminology described herein is used only to describe particular embodiments and not to limit the scope of the invention. It must be noted that the singular forms “a” and “an” used herein and in the appended claims include plural bases unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, a reference to “a step” or “an apparatus” means a reference to one or more steps or apparatuses, and may include secondary steps and secondary apparatuses. All conjunctions used should be understood in the broadest sense. And the word “or” should be understood to have the definition of logical “or” rather than logical “exclusive OR”, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, implementation of embodiments of the invention may include performing selected tasks manually, automatically, or in combination.
Claims
1. A simulated respiratory system, characterized in that, It includes an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a tidal volume pipe, a residual volume pipe, a tidal volume simulation device, and a residual volume simulation device. The tidal volume simulation device is installed on the tidal volume pipe, and the residual volume simulation device is installed on the residual volume pipe. The tidal volume simulation device is used to provide the volume of gas within the tidal volume range, and the residual volume simulation device is used to provide the volume of gas within the residual volume range. The outlet end of the tidal volume pipeline and the outlet end of the residual gas volume pipeline are both connected to the inlet end of the outlet pipeline, and the inlet end of the tidal volume pipeline and the inlet end of the residual gas volume pipeline are both connected to the outlet end of the inlet pipeline. The inlet and outlet tubing are used to connect to a lung simulation device; The tidal volume simulation device includes a cylinder, a lead screw, a nut, and a piston. The piston is disposed inside the cylinder and divides the internal space of the cylinder into a first chamber and a second chamber. The cylinder has a first air inlet and an air outlet. The nut is sleeved on the lead screw and threadedly connected to the lead screw. The lead screw passes through the piston, and the nut is connected to the piston so that when the nut moves along the axial direction of the lead screw, it drives the piston to move. The residual gas volume simulation device includes a gas exchanger and a first commutator, a fan, and a second commutator arranged in sequence. The first commutator has a first gear and a second gear, and the second commutator has a third gear and a fourth gear. When the first commutator is adjusted to the first position, the first commutator is connected to the gas exchanger; when the first commutator is adjusted to the second position, the first commutator is connected to the inlet end of the air inlet pipe. When the second commutator is adjusted to the third position, the second commutator is connected to the gas exchanger; when the second commutator is adjusted to the fourth position, the second commutator is connected to the outlet end of the gas outlet pipeline. The fan is used to provide airflow.
2. The simulated breathing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a lung simulation device, wherein the inlet end of the air inlet tube is connected to the lung simulation device, and the outlet end of the air outlet tube is connected to the lung simulation device.
3. The simulated breathing system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The lung simulation device is housed in a container, which is made based on human chest cavity and skeletal structure data. The lung simulation device is positioned in the container at a position corresponding to the lungs in the human chest cavity.
4. The simulated breathing system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a three-way valve, which includes a first interface, a second interface and a third interface. The first interface is connected to the inlet end of the air inlet pipe and the outlet end of the air outlet pipe. The second interface is connected to the lung simulation device. The third interface is used to insert medical devices.
5. The simulated respiratory system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tidal volume simulation device also includes a guide optical axis, which is arranged parallel to the lead screw and passes through the piston.
6. The simulated breathing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a gas replenishment pipeline, and the tidal volume simulation device has a second air inlet, and the gas replenishment pipeline is connected to the second air inlet.
7. The simulated breathing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a controller, which is connected to the tidal volume simulation device and / or the residual volume simulation device, and is used to control and adjust the volume of the tidal volume simulation device and / or the residual volume simulation device.
8. The simulated breathing system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, At least one of the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe, the tidal volume pipe, and the residual gas volume pipe is equipped with a gas flow meter, and the gas flow meter is communicatively connected to the controller. The controller is configured to adjust the gas volume of the tidal volume simulation device and / or the residual gas volume simulation device based on the metering data of the gas flow meter.