A parallel-axis traction pull rod and a bogie

Abstract

The present invention provides a parallel-axis traction drawbar and a bogie, which relate to the field of track vehicle steering components. Aiming at the problem of low response speed caused by the redundant structure of the current drawbar, a prismatic rod body is used in cooperation with the end head. The outer winding member is used to improve the tensile and compressive capacity by fitting the plane of the rod body, and a reinforcing member is wound at the position where the rod body is inserted and fitted with the end head, avoiding the full-length arrangement of the circumferentially distributed reinforcing member in the axial direction of the rod body. On the basis of meeting the strength requirements, the weight is reduced and the response speed is increased, which is applicable to the layout requirements of the narrow space where the drawbar is located.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of track vehicle steering components, and particularly to a parallel-axis traction link and a bogie. Background Art

[0002] At present, the traction link used for bogies adopts a metal traction link. At present, the structure of the metal traction link is manufactured by means such as welding, casting or forging. The traction link structures in the above manufacturing forms often have fatigue cracks and are relatively heavy. Chinese Patent (Publication No. CN206022002U) discloses a composite material insulating link, including a composite material rod body, with metal joints provided at both ends. This insulating link can effectively solve the problems of fatigue cracks and large weight existing in metal links. However, the metal joint structure of this solution makes it unable to be used as the traction link of a bogie. Moreover, the insulating link is connected to the metal joint through threads and bears pressure and tension through threaded connection. It cannot be applied to rail transit equipment, and is prone to looseness under complex working conditions such as vibration, with poor tensile and pressure-bearing performance, low connection reliability, and prone to fatigue failure.

[0003] Chinese Patent Application (Publication No. CN117125106A) discloses a traction link, which adopts a solution of a composite material rod body combined with metal ends, and longitudinal and circumferential winding layers are provided to reinforce the structure, and it is applicable to the bogie of a track vehicle; as a safety component for a bogie, the maximum space between the traction link and the outer connection structure is 5 mm. When performing a fatigue life test on the traction link, it is found that microcracks will appear at the connection between the end and the rod body, which has a great impact on the overall safety. On the premise that the strength test has reached the standard, the current solution of winding the circumferential winding layer along the entire length of the exposed position of the rod body will increase the weight of the rod body and increase the diameter size of the rod body, affecting the steering response speed of the bogie; in addition, since the rod body of the current traction link is cylindrical, the longitudinal winding layer and the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical rod body cannot be completely adhered, and only by means of the circumferential winding layer covering the entire length can the longitudinal winding layer be passively adhered to the rod body. Affected by tensile and compressive stresses during service, microcracks are likely to appear between the longitudinal winding layer and the rod body; moreover, when performing circumferential winding along the entire length of the cylindrical rod body, bridging is likely to occur at the connection position between the end and the rod body, resulting in poor adhesion, and microcracks appear during the fatigue test, affecting the running safety during service. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a parallel-axis traction tie rod and a bogie in view of the defects existing in the prior art. A prismatic rod body is combined with end heads, and an external wrapping member is used to improve the tensile and compressive capacity by fitting to the plane of the rod body. A reinforcing member is wound around the position where the rod body is inserted and fitted with the end heads, avoiding the full-length arrangement of the circumferentially distributed reinforcing members in the axial direction of the rod body. On the basis of meeting the strength requirements, it is applicable to the layout requirements of the narrow space where the traction tie rod is located.

[0005] The first object of the present invention is to provide a parallel-axis traction tie rod, adopting the following scheme:

[0006] Including:

[0007] An end head, provided with an axial hole, and a jack for inserting the end of the rod body is provided on one side of the end head corresponding to the axis;

[0008] A rod body, which is prismatic, is connected to the end heads at both ends respectively, and the section of the rod body between the end heads at its two ends is an attachment section;

[0009] An external wrapping member, which is continuously wound around the end head and the rod body along the circumferential direction of the axial hole, forming a closed structure that wraps the end head and the rod body, and the external wrapping layer is in planar contact with the side surface of the attachment section of the rod body;

[0010] A reinforcing member, covering the intersection position of the opening of the jack and the outer peripheral surface of the rod body, and wound circumferentially along the axis of the rod body, and the reinforcing members corresponding to the two end heads are separated from each other.

[0011] Further, an arc surface and a transition surface for fitting the external wrapping member are formed on the end head in the circumferential direction of the outer periphery of the axial hole. The arc surface is located on the side of the axial hole away from the jack, and the arc surface extends to the opening end of the jack through the transition surface at both ends of its circumferential direction respectively.

[0012] Further, the transition surface is distributed tangentially along the arc surface.

[0013] Further, on the axial direction of the axial hole, stoppers are respectively provided at both ends of the arc surface and both ends of the transition surface. The stoppers at the same end are continuously distributed, and the stoppers, combined with the arc surface and the transition surface, form a groove for accommodating the external wrapping member and having the same thickness as the external wrapping member.

[0014] Further, external wrapping member segments are symmetrically attached to both sides of the axis of the rod body, and the external wrapping member segments are within the range of the side surface of the rod body to which they are attached.

[0015] Further, the reinforcing member is in an annular structure, and in the axial direction of the rod body, the reinforcing member is distributed across the intersection position, one end of the reinforcing member extends to the end head and is in contact with the end head, and the other end extends to the rod body and is in contact with the rod body.

[0016] Further, the reinforcing member is formed by winding a composite material, and the winding direction is perpendicular to the tensile and compressive stress direction of the rod body.

[0017] Further, the outer winding member is formed by winding a composite material, and its winding direction is perpendicular to the axis of the shaft hole.

[0018] Further, the end is made of a metal material, the rod body is made of a composite material, the axes of the shaft holes of the ends connected to both ends of the rod body are parallel, and the axis of the shaft hole is perpendicular to the axis of the rod body.

[0019] The second object of the present invention is to provide a bogie using the parallel-axis traction link as described in the first object.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0021] (1) Aiming at the problem of low response speed caused by the redundant structure of the current traction link, a prismatic rod body is used in combination with the end, and the outer winding member is used to improve the tensile and compressive capacity by fitting the plane of the rod body, and a reinforcing member is wound at the position where the rod body is inserted and fitted with the end, avoiding the full-length arrangement of the circumferentially distributed reinforcing member in the axial direction of the rod body. On the basis of meeting the strength requirements, the weight is reduced and the response speed is increased, which is suitable for the layout requirements of the narrow space where the traction link is located.

[0022] (2) The rod body adopts a regular prismatic structure, and a corresponding transition surface is provided on the end, reducing a large number of curved surface fittings when winding composite materials in the prior art, thereby improving the fitting degree and reducing bridging.

[0023] (3) The outer winding layers distributed outside the rod body and the end resist tensile and compressive stresses together with the rod member. Since the rod body adopts a prismatic structure, the composite material outer winding member on the side position of the rod member fits with the side of the rod member, and the peeling effect perpendicular to the side direction is small. There is no need to apply a circumferential constraint covering the entire length, and only the reinforcing member is used to resist the peeling effect at the fitting position of the rod body and the end, reducing the coverage range of the reinforcing member and reducing the weight.

[0024] (4) An arc surface and a transition surface are used in combination with a stop to form a groove, restricting the axial displacement of the outer plug-in along the shaft hole. At the same time, the thickness of the outer winding member is set to be equal to the thickness of the groove, filling the groove depression at the winding position of the reinforcing member, so that the reinforcing member forms a good fitting effect with the outer winding member, the rod body and the end face, avoiding potential hazards caused by bridging.

[0025] (5) A right-angle structure is formed at the stop position. When the rod body is wound circumferentially, bridging can be well solved, thereby reducing the cracking risk, reducing the cost, and optimizing the steering response. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The schematic drawings forming a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the end head in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cooperation between the end head and the rod body in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cooperation between the end head, the rod body and the externally wound member in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the parallel-axis traction pull rod in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 Stress nephogram of the externally wound member in its stretching direction when under tension in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 Stress nephogram of the externally wound member in the direction perpendicular to its winding ply direction when under tension in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 Stress nephogram of the reinforcement member in its tension-compression direction when under tension in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 Stress nephogram of the reinforcement member in the direction perpendicular to its winding ply direction when under tension in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 9 Stress nephogram of the rod body in its stretching direction when under tension in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 10 Stress nephogram of the externally wound member in its stretching direction when under compression in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 11 Stress nephogram of the externally wound member in the direction perpendicular to its winding ply direction when under compression in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 12 Stress nephogram of the reinforcement member in its tension-compression direction when under compression in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 13 Stress nephogram of the reinforcement member in the direction perpendicular to its winding ply direction when under compression in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 14 Stress nephogram of the rod body in its stretching direction when under compression in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 15 Stress nephogram of the parallel-axis traction pull rod when under compression in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 16 These are the stress nephograms of the parallel-axis traction rod under tensile force in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 17 These are the stress nephograms of the parallel-axis traction rod under compressive force under another compressive load in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0044] Wherein, 1. end head, 2. shaft hole, 3. jack, 4. arc surface, 5. transition surface, 6. stop, 7. groove, 8. rod body, 9. external winding member, 10. strengthening member, 11. attachment section, 12. intersection position, 13. external winding member section. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] Embodiment 1

[0046] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 1 - 17 shown, a parallel-axis traction rod is provided.

[0047] Traction rods, as secondary load-bearing members, are widely used in the bogies of high-speed trains, subways, suburban trains, etc. Replacing the traction rod made of metal material with a carbon fiber reinforced composite material solves the technical research and application problems of the composite material load-bearing structure. There are fatigue life problems in the traction rods in the prior art. Microcracks appear at the connection between the end head 1 and the rod body 8 due to the unreasonable distribution of the composite material layer, affecting the safety performance of the traction rod; increasing the composite material covering position cannot improve the durability, performance and response speed.

[0048] Based on this, as Figure 4 shown, this embodiment provides a parallel-axis traction rod, which is particularly suitable for the bogie structure of rail vehicles. The end head 1, the rod body 8, and the composite material winding layer are respectively adjusted to work together to solve the problems of large mass, slow response speed, and low fatigue life of the parallel-axis traction rod. The parallel-axis traction rod includes an end head 1, a rod body 8, an external winding member 9, and a strengthening member 10. The two ends of the rod body 8 are respectively connected with the end head 1. The external winding member 9 is continuously wound around the outside of the end head 1 and the rod body 8 along the circumferential direction of the shaft hole 2 to form a closed structure surrounding the end head 1 and the rod body 8. The external winding member 9 serves as a longitudinal winding layer, and the strengthening member 10 covers the intersection position 12 between the opening of the jack 3 and the outer peripheral surface of the rod body 8 and is wound circumferentially along the axis of the rod body 8 to strengthen the stress concentration position of the external winding member 9. The strengthening member 10 serves as a circumferential winding layer.

[0049] Refer to Figure 3, the winding direction of the outer winding member 9 indicated in this embodiment is determined by regarding the structure after connecting the rod body 8 and the end head 1 as a whole, that is, the outer winding member 9 is distributed axially with respect to the axial hole 2 of one end head 1, and winds around the structure after connecting the rod body 8 and the end head 1 for one or more weeks to form a closed irregular curve ring. Refer to Figure 4 , the axial direction of the rod body 8 refers to the direction from one end head 1 it is connected to to the other end head 1. The jack 3 is coaxially fitted with the rod body 8, and the axial direction of the jack 3 is the axial direction of the rod body 8. For the reinforcing member 10, it winds around the axis of the rod body 8 to form a structure wound circumferentially along the rod body 8.

[0050] The end head 1 is provided with an axial hole 2, and a jack 3 for inserting the end of the rod body 8 is provided on one side of the end head 1 corresponding to the axis; the rod body 8 is prismatic, and end heads 1 are respectively connected to both ends. The section of the rod body 8 between the two end heads 1 at its two ends is the attached section 11. The outer winding layer is in planar contact with the side surface of the attached section 11 of the rod body 8, and the reinforcing members 10 corresponding to the two end heads 1 are separated. The prismatic rod body 8 is matched with the end head 1, and the planar contact of the outer winding member 9 with the rod body 8 is used to improve the tensile and compressive capacity. The reinforcing member 10 is wound at the insertion and matching position of the rod body 8 and the end head 1, avoiding the full-length arrangement of the circumferentially distributed reinforcing member 10 in the axial direction of the rod body 8. On the basis of meeting the strength requirements, the weight is reduced and the response speed is increased, which is suitable for the layout requirements of the narrow space where the traction rod is located.

[0051] Figure 1 The structure of the end head 1 is shown. Specifically, the end head 1 is the interface part between the traction rod and the bogie or other connecting components, and is provided with an axial hole 2 for installing or fixing the traction rod, so that the traction rod can work stably in the bogie. In addition to the axial hole 2, a jack 3 is also opened on one side of the end head 1 corresponding to the axis for the end of the rod body 8 to be inserted to realize the connection between the end head 1 and the rod body 8.

[0052] The material selection of the end head 1 should consider its strength and wear resistance to withstand various forces and vibrations generated during the operation of the bogie. At the same time, the structure of the end head 1 also needs to consider the convenience of installation and maintenance. In this embodiment, the metal joint can be made of 42CrMoA material, and in other embodiments, its material can be configured according to requirements.

[0053] Combined with Figure 3 and Figure 4, the end 1 forms an arc surface 4 and a transition surface 5 that fit the outer winding member 9 in the circumferential direction of the shaft hole 2. The arc surface 4 is located on the side of the shaft hole 2 away from the insertion hole 3, forming a partial surface of the end 1 that fits the outer winding member 9, which helps the outer winding member 9 to transition more smoothly in the circumferential direction of the shaft hole 2 and reduces stress concentration that may be caused by sharp corners; the transition surface 5 is located between the arc surface 4 and the open end of the insertion hole 3 of the end 1 and is distributed tangentially to the arc surface 4. The arc surface 4 extends to the open end of the insertion hole 3 through the transition surface 5 at both ends of its circumferential direction. The transition surfaces 5 on both sides of the axis of the shaft hole 2 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the axis of the shaft hole 2. The tangentially distributed transition surface 5 helps the outer winding member 9 to transition smoothly from the arc surface 4 to the open end of the insertion hole 3, further improving the fit between the outer winding member 9 and the end 1.

[0054] As Figure 1 shown, in the axial direction of the shaft hole 2, stoppers 6 are provided at both ends of the arc surface 4 and both ends of the transition surface 5. The stoppers 6 in the range of the arc surface 4 and the stoppers 6 in the range of the transition surface 5 at the same end form a continuous distribution. The stopper 6, the arc surface 4 and the transition surface 5 together form a groove 7 with the same thickness as the outer winding member 9, which restricts the axial displacement of the outer winding member 9 in the shaft hole 2 and ensures the stability and reliability of the outer winding member 9. By setting the thickness of the outer winding member 9 to be equal to the thickness of the groove 7, it can be ensured that the outer winding member 9 can fill the depression of the groove 7 at the winding position of the reinforcing member 10.

[0055] In this embodiment, a groove 7 with a depth of 2 mm is formed on the outer circumference of the end 1 along the 0° direction. The insertion hole 3 opened in the end 1 is a blind hole with a depth of 49 mm and a length and width of 20 mm. The stopper 6 forms a right-angle structure. When the rod body 8 is wound circumferentially, bridging can be well solved, thereby reducing the cracking risk, reducing the cost and optimizing the steering response.

[0056] It not only improves the fit between the reinforcing member 10, the outer winding member 9, the rod body 8 and the end face of the end 1, but also effectively avoids potential problems caused by bridging. Through the combined design of the arc surface 4, the transition surface 5 and the stopper 6, not only the fit and stability of the outer winding member 9 are improved, but also the interaction between the reinforcing member 10 and the whole structure is enhanced, which helps to improve the mechanical properties and fatigue properties of the sample, thereby enhancing the overall performance and use safety of the traction rod.

[0057] Figure 2The structure of the rod member and the mating state between the rod member and the end 1 are shown. The rod body 8 is the main part of the parallel-axis traction rod. It is prismatic, connected to the end 1 at both ends respectively. The prismatic rod body 8 has flat side surfaces. On both sides of the axis of the rod body 8, the outer winding member segments 13 are symmetrically attached. The outer winding member segments 13 are located within the range of the side surfaces of the attached rod body 8, avoiding the protrusion of the outer winding member segments 13 on the side surfaces of the rod body 8, so as to avoid damage to the outer winding member segments 13; enabling the outer winding member 9 to achieve planar attachment to the side surface of the attachment section 11 of the rod body 8, improving the degree of attachment and the tensile and compressive resistance capabilities. In this embodiment, the side surfaces of the outer winding member segment 13 and the attachment section 11 of the rod body 8 are flush.

[0058] The dimensions of the rod body 8 should be designed according to the actual mechanical requirements and usage environment. At the same time, the material selection of the rod body 8 needs to consider factors such as its strength, stiffness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. The rod body 8 is a composite material. The axes of the shaft holes 2 of the end 1 connected to both ends of the rod body 8 are parallel, and the axis of the shaft hole 2 is perpendicular to the axis of the rod body 8. In this embodiment, the compression core rod is a composite material composed of epoxy resin and CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced composite material), where the epoxy resin content is 40wt%, the CFRP content is 60wt%, and the CFRP uses T700 unidirectional prepreg.

[0059] The cross-sectional shape of the rod member is square, and the overall structure is a cuboid. The rod member is laid at 0° along the force direction, with 140 layers. It is compacted and cured every 10 layers, with a thickness of 20mm and a length of 350mm. The compression molding process is adopted, and the molding time and pressure are as shown in the following table:

[0060] Serial number Stage Time Pressure 1 Room temperature - 50°C 20 min 0.2 MPa 2 50℃-80℃ 30 min 2 MPa 3 80-120℃ 40 min 4 MPa 4 120℃-130℃ 30 min 8 MPa

[0061] The two end metal ends 1 are connected to the rod body 8 of the compression-resistant carbon fiber composite material. The connection is bonded with structural adhesive to ensure that the connection is tight without gaps. After connection, the two end metal ends 1 are subjected to laser surface treatment to increase the roughness of the metal surface, which better fixes the external winding member.

[0062] As Figure 3 shown, the outer winding member 9 is continuously wound around the end 1 and the rod body 8 along the circumference of the shaft hole 2, forming a closed structure that wraps around the end 1 and the rod body 8, which can effectively improve the overall strength and stiffness of the traction rod, and at the same time enhance its tensile and compressive resistance capabilities.

[0063] The outer winding member 9 is formed by winding a composite material, and the winding direction is perpendicular to the tensile and compressive stress direction of the rod body 8. In this embodiment, the material of the outer winding member 9 also uses CFRP, which is formed by winding. It is wound along the circumference after the connection of the end 1 and the rod body 8. There are 35 layers, and it is compacted and cured every 10 layers to keep each layer relatively uniform, with a thickness of 5.25mm, and the angle is 0° along the force direction.

[0064] As Figure 4 shown, the reinforcing member 10 covers the intersection position 12 between the opening of the jack 3 and the outer peripheral surface of the rod body 8, and is wound circumferentially along the axis of the rod body 8, which can enhance the strength of the connection position between the rod body 8 and the end head 1, avoid the generation of microcracks, and thus improve the overall safety of the traction rod. The reinforcing member 10 has an annular structure. In the axial direction of the rod body 8, the reinforcing member 10 is distributed across the intersection position 12. One end of the reinforcing member 10 extends to the end head 1 and fits with the end head 1, and the other end extends to the rod body 8 and fits with the rod body 8.

[0065] The reinforcing member 10 is formed by winding a composite material, and its winding direction is perpendicular to the axis of the shaft hole 2. The material of the reinforcing member 10 is also selected as CFRP, and it is formed by winding. The width is 3 cm, and the thickness direction is set to 20 layers with a total of 3.0 mm, and the laying direction is perpendicular to the direction of the tensile and compressive forces.

[0066] Through the design of the prismatic rod body 8, the planar fitting of the outer winding member 9 and the rod body 8 is realized, the tensile and compressive capacity is improved, and the generation of microcracks is reduced. The outer winding member 9 enables the reinforcing member 10 not to need to be arranged in the full length, reduces the weight and diameter, and improves the steering response speed of the bogie. The reinforcing member 10 enhances the strength of the connection position between the rod body 8 and the end head 1, effectively avoids the appearance of microcracks, and improves the overall safety.

[0067] By changing the shape and winding method of the rod body 8, the structural optimization is realized, and the overall performance is improved; the weight of the rod body 8 is reduced, the diameter is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the steering response speed of the bogie; through the design of the reinforcing member 10, the strength of the connection position between the rod body 8 and the end head 1 is enhanced, and the overall safety is improved.

[0068] The rod body 8 of the traditional traction rod is cylindrical. It is impossible to achieve complete fitting between the longitudinal winding layer and the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical rod body 8. It can only rely on the way of full-length covering of the circumferential winding layer to passively fit the longitudinal winding layer with the rod body 8. When in service and affected by tensile and compressive stresses, microcracks are likely to appear between the longitudinal winding layer and the rod body 8. If its outer winding layer is cancelled, the carbon fiber cloth at the rod position cannot form a good fitting effect with the cylindrical rod. In this embodiment, in order to address this problem, the outer winding layer distributed outside the rod body 8 and the end head 1 jointly resist the tensile and compressive stresses. Since the rod body 8 adopts a prismatic structure, the composite material outer winding member 9 at the side position of the rod fits with the side of the rod, and the peeling effect perpendicular to the side direction is small. There is no need to apply a circumferential constraint of full-length covering. Only the reinforcing member 10 is needed to resist the peeling effect at the fitting position between the rod body 8 and the end head 1, reduce the covering range of the reinforcing member 10, and reduce the weight.

[0069] For the stress response during tension:

[0070] As Figure 5 andFigure 6 As shown, the stress nephogram in the force direction (S11 direction) of the outer winding part 9 and the stress nephogram in the direction perpendicular to the ply surface (S33 direction) are as follows. The maximum tensile stress is 563.6 MPa, and the maximum stress in the vertical direction causing delamination is 45.7 MPa.

[0071] As Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown, the fiber direction of the reinforcing part 10 is perpendicular to the tensile and compressive force direction. The stress nephograms along the tensile and compressive force direction (S22 direction) and the direction perpendicular to the ply surface (S33 direction) are mainly viewed. The maximum tensile stress is 171 MPa, and the maximum stress in the vertical direction causing delamination is 11.8 MPa.

[0072] As Figure 9 shown, when in tension, the rod body 8 is a non-main load-bearing member and mainly receives the tensile force transmitted during the deformation of the outer winding part 9. Therefore, the stress is mainly in its own S11 direction, and its stress nephogram is as follows. The maximum tensile stress is 173.5 MPa.

[0073] For the stress response during compression:

[0074] As Figure 10 and Figure 11 shown, the stress nephograms in the force direction (S11 direction) of the outer winding part 9 and the reinforcing part 10 and the stress nephogram in the direction perpendicular to the ply surface (S33 direction) are as follows. The maximum compressive stress is 161.9 MPa, and the maximum stress in the vertical direction causing delamination is 24.9 MPa.

[0075] As Figure 12 and Figure 13 shown, the main direction of the reinforcing part 10 is perpendicular to the tensile and compressive force direction. The stress nephograms along the tensile and compressive force direction (S22 direction) and the direction perpendicular to the ply surface (S33 direction) are mainly viewed. The maximum compressive stress is 140.6 MPa, and the maximum stress in the vertical direction causing delamination is 18.1 MPa.

[0076] As Figure 14 shown, when under compression, the rod body 8 mainly bears the compressive load. The stress nephogram of the rod body 8 along the force direction (S11 direction) is as follows. The maximum compressive stress is 140.3 MPa.

[0077] For the stability check:

[0078] As Figure 15 shown, the stability analysis of the model is carried out, and a compressive load of 350 kN is applied for modal analysis. The final result is as follows. The eigenvalue is 6.0050, and it is determined that the stability of the parallel-axis traction pull rod is qualified.

[0079] For the fatigue life determination:

[0080] As Figure 16and Figure 17 As shown, the situations under ±33 kN loads are calculated respectively, and the obtained stress nephograms are as follows. It can be seen that the maximum stress of the parallel-axis traction rod is higher when in tension, and its maximum stress is 53.1 MPa. Considering the fatigue strength of the carbon fiber composite material, it can be determined that 10 million dynamic fatigue cycles can be achieved.

[0081] Based on the simulation results of the above figure, the design of the winding layer number shows that while reducing the weight, it can maintain high safe use performance. The winding layer number is not the more the better. A larger number of winding layers will lead to serious internal defects, low curing degree, an increased risk of microcracks, increased costs, an increased thickness, and a reduced steering response of the traction rod. In this embodiment, after achieving the corresponding mechanical properties, the cost can be reduced and the steering response can be improved.

[0082] Embodiment 2

[0083] In another typical implementation manner of the present invention, as Figures 1 - 17 shown, a bogie is given.

[0084] The bogie in this embodiment adopts the parallel-axis traction rod as in Embodiment 1, and the remaining structures of the bogie can adopt the existing structures, and will not be described in detail here.

[0085] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A parallel-axis traction pull rod, characterized in that, Including: A head end, provided with a shaft hole, and on one side corresponding to the axis of the head end, there is a jack for inserting the end of the rod body; The rod body is prismatic, with both ends connected to the head end respectively. The section of the rod body between the head ends at its two ends is the attachment section; the axial direction of the rod body refers to the direction from one head end it is connected to to the other head end. The jack is coaxially fitted with the rod body, and the axial direction of the jack is the axial direction of the rod body. The outer winding layer is in planar contact with the side surface of the attachment section of the rod body, and the reinforcing members corresponding to the two head ends are separated; a prismatic rod body is used in combination with the head end, and the planar contact of the outer winding member with the rod body is utilized to improve the tensile and compressive capacities, and a reinforcing member is wound at the position where the rod body and the head end are inserted and fitted, avoiding the full-length arrangement of the circumferentially distributed reinforcing members in the axial direction of the rod body; The outer winding member is continuously wound around the head end and the rod body along the circumferential direction of the shaft hole, forming a closed structure that wraps the head end and the rod body. The outer winding layer is in planar contact with the side surface of the attachment section of the rod body; the winding direction of the outer winding member is determined by regarding the structure after connecting the rod body and the head end as a whole, that is, the outer winding member is distributed relative to the axial direction of the shaft hole of one head end, and winds around the structure after connecting the rod body and the head end for one or more weeks to form a closed irregular curve ring; The reinforcing member covers the intersection position of the opening of the jack and the outer peripheral surface of the rod body, and is wound circumferentially along the axis of the rod body. The reinforcing members corresponding to the two head ends are separated; the reinforcing member has an annular structure. In the axial direction of the rod body, the reinforcing member straddles the intersection position and is distributed. One end of the reinforcing member extends to the head end and is in contact with the head end, and the other end extends to the rod body and is in contact with the rod body; On the outer peripheral direction of the shaft hole of the head end, there are formed an arc surface and a transition surface that fit the outer winding member. The arc surface is located on the side of the shaft hole away from the jack. The arc surface extends to the opening end of the jack through the transition surface at both circumferential ends respectively; the transition surface is distributed tangentially along the arc surface. The arc surface extends to the opening end of the jack through the transition surface at both circumferential ends respectively. The transition surfaces on both sides of the axis of the shaft hole are symmetrically distributed with respect to the axis of the shaft hole. The tangentially distributed transition surface helps the outer winding member to smoothly transition from the arc surface to the opening end of the jack; in the axial direction of the shaft hole, there are stoppers at both ends of the arc surface and both ends of the transition surface respectively. The stoppers at the same end are continuously distributed. The stoppers, combined with the arc surface and the transition surface, form a groove for accommodating the outer winding member and having the same thickness as the outer winding member; the stopper position forms a right-angle structure; The reinforcing member has an annular structure. In the axial direction of the rod body, the reinforcing member straddles the intersection position and is distributed. One end of the reinforcing member extends to the head end and is in contact with the head end, and the other end extends to the rod body and is in contact with the rod body; On both sides of the axis of the rod body, there are symmetrically attached outer winding member segments within the range of the side surface of the rod body where they are attached; the reinforcing member is formed by winding a composite material, and the winding direction is perpendicular to the tensile and compressive stress direction of the rod body.

2. The parallel-axis traction pull rod according to claim 1, wherein The outer winding member is formed by winding a composite material, and its winding direction is perpendicular to the axis of the shaft hole.

3. The parallel-axis traction drawbar according to claim 1, characterized in that, The head end is made of a metal material, the rod body is made of a composite material, the axes of the shaft holes of the head ends connected to both ends of the rod body are parallel, and the axis of the shaft hole is perpendicular to the axis of the rod body.

4. A bogie, characterized in that, Utilize the parallel-axis traction pull rod according to any one of claims 1 - 3.

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