A substrate block, a method for manufacturing the same, and a method for planting crops

Abstract

The application provides a substrate block, comprising: a bottom three-layer fiber blanket and a top one-layer seeding layer mixed by fiber particles and seedling raising substrate; fertilizer is applied between any two layers of the fiber blanket, and the seeding layer is seeded. The application mixes new type of agricultural inorganic fiber particles with traditional substrate, and combines with inorganic fiber substrate to prepare water and fertilizer long-time self-sustaining type substrate block. The water-retaining capacity and 'water pump' capacity of the agricultural inorganic fiber can keep the seeding layer substrate wet for a long time, which is beneficial to seed germination and growth. The seedling raised by the application does not need to be transplanted, and effectively avoids damage of plant root caused by improper operation. Meanwhile, the new type of agricultural inorganic fiber used by the application is free of bacteria, can reduce occurrence of soil-borne diseases, and is free of excessive heavy metals. In addition, the application adopts independent vegetable raising technology, can be moved at will, is beneficial to mechanized seedling raising, and is especially suitable for vertical raising, and is convenient and fast.

Description

A substrate block, its preparation method, and a method for planting crops. Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, and in particular to a substrate block, its preparation method, and a method for planting crops. Background Technology

[0002] Substrate cultivation is an important method of soilless cultivation and the most important modern commercial planting method. Generally, commercial planting models are divided into two stages. The first stage is the seedling stage, in which seeds are placed in seedling trays filled with substrate to allow the plant seeds to take root and germinate in the substrate. The second stage is the transplanting stage, in which once the plant seeds have taken root in the substrate and grown leaves, they need to be transplanted to a larger seedling substrate to ensure that their root systems have sufficient space to grow.

[0003] During the seedling stage, seeds are placed in a seedling substrate to await germination. Because traditional seedling substrates are relatively loose and lack moisture-retaining substances, their water retention capacity is relatively weak, leading to rapid water loss and drought. Generally, to ensure germination rate and healthy plant growth, it is necessary to maintain consistent watering intervals and amounts. Furthermore, traditional seedling substrates are composed of loose granules, requiring a dense root system to bind the loose substrate together and prevent collapse during transplanting, thus protecting the plant roots from damage. This necessitates sufficient growth time for the plants in the seedling tray before transplanting, and improper handling during transplanting can easily damage the seedling roots, affecting post-transplant growth and development. In larger-scale planting processes, rock wool or other synthetic materials are used as seedling substrate blocks, which have better integrity and can solve the problem of root growth in traditional seedling substrate seedling cultivation. They can also be transplanted when the plant roots are small. However, rock wool and other materials mainly rely on chemical binders in the preparation process, which may affect plant growth. At the same time, rock wool has certain environmental hazards in the production process, and improper handling after use will also have an impact on the environment.

[0004] Traditional greenhouse vegetable cultivation involves raising seedlings first, then transplanting them. This process is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Furthermore, the installation and maintenance of the integrated water and fertilizer system require professional technical assistance, adding extra costs to low-cost cultivation. Traditional seedling raising commonly uses seedling trays with conventional, loose substrates. While this promotes seed germination, it has poor water retention, requiring regular watering and increasing labor costs. Moreover, ensuring healthy root development is crucial during transplanting; improper handling can easily damage the roots, affecting later growth and development.

[0005] Therefore, it is essential to develop an integrated vegetable seedling cultivation model that reduces labor and equipment costs and improves efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a substrate block. The substrate block provided by the present invention can reduce the number of fertilizations and the amount of fertilizer, reduce nitrogen volatilization and leaching loss caused by improper fertilization in traditional seedling raising, and improve fertilizer utilization. At the same time, there is no need to transplant seedlings, effectively avoiding the problem of plant root damage caused by improper operation, which affects the subsequent growth and development of plants.

[0007] This invention provides a matrix block, comprising:

[0008] First fiber blanket;

[0009] A second fiber blanket is disposed on the first fiber blanket;

[0010] A third fiber blanket is disposed on the second fiber blanket;

[0011] The seeding layer is set on the third fiber blanket;

[0012] The seeding layer includes a seedling substrate and inorganic fiber particles;

[0013] Fertilizer is applied between any two layers of the first, second, and third fiber blankets.

[0014] Preferably, the first fiber blanket is formed by melting, spinning, needle punching, and pressing a mixture of calcium silicate powder, magnesium silicate powder, and silica powder, and the bulk density of the first fiber blanket is 48-160 kg / m³. 3 The thickness of the first fiber blanket is 15-30 mm.

[0015] The second fiber blanket is formed by pressing inorganic fiber particles, and its density is 48–160 kg / m³. 3 The thickness of the second fiber blanket is 15-30 mm.

[0016] The third fiber blanket is formed by pressing inorganic fiber particles, and its bulk density is 48–160 kg / m³. 3 The thickness of the third fiber blanket is 15-30 mm.

[0017] Preferably, the inorganic fiber particles have a particle size of 2-3 mm.

[0018] Preferably, the fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer; one or more of superphosphate, triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, or diammonium phosphate; and the potassium fertilizer is one or more of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate.

[0019] The nitrogen fertilizer includes one or more of the following: urea, resin-coated controlled-release urea, sulfur-coated controlled-release urea, and dual-controlled-release urea with coating inhibitor.

[0020] Preferably, the seedling substrate is one or more of peat moss, perlite, vermiculite, and agricultural inorganic fiber particles.

[0021] Preferably, the thickness of the seedling substrate is 5-20 mm.

[0022] Preferably, it also includes a matrix shell that supports the matrix block; the matrix shell is made of rigid plastic or acrylic sheet.

[0023] Preferably, the inorganic fiber particles in the seeding layer account for 25% to 45% by mass.

[0024] This invention provides a method for preparing the matrix block according to any one of the above technical solutions, comprising the following steps:

[0025] A) The mixture of calcium stone powder, magnesium stone powder and silica powder is melted, spun, needle-punched and pressed into shape to form a fiber blanket, which is then soaked in phosphate buffer solution for later use.

[0026] B) The fiber blanket treated in step A) is laid flat on the bottom of the matrix shell to obtain the first fiber blanket;

[0027] C) Cover the second fiber blanket and the third fiber blanket in sequence; apply fertilizer between any two layers of the first fiber blanket, the second fiber blanket and the third fiber blanket;

[0028] D) The seedling substrate and inorganic fiber particles are placed on the third fiber blanket as the sowing layer to obtain the desired result.

[0029] This invention provides a method for planting crops, including substrate block planting as described in any of the above technical solutions.

[0030] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a substrate block comprising: a first fiber blanket; a second fiber blanket disposed on the first fiber blanket; a third fiber blanket disposed on the second fiber blanket; and a sowing layer disposed on the third fiber blanket. The sowing layer comprises a seedling substrate and inorganic fiber particles. Fertilizer is applied between any two layers of the first, second, and third fiber blankets. This invention mixes novel agricultural inorganic fiber particles with a traditional substrate and combines them with an inorganic fiber substrate to prepare a long-term self-sustaining water and fertilizer substrate block. The water retention and "pumping" capabilities of the agricultural inorganic fibers keep the sowing layer substrate moist, which is beneficial for seed germination. This invention eliminates the need for transplanting, effectively avoiding root damage caused by improper operation and its impact on subsequent plant growth and development. Furthermore, the novel agricultural inorganic fibers used in this invention are pathogen-free, reducing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases; they are also free of heavy metal contamination, ensuring no reduction in vegetable quality. In addition, this invention employs an independent integrated cultivation technology, which is not limited by space, allows for easy relocation, facilitates mechanized seedling cultivation, and is particularly suitable for vertical cultivation, offering convenience and speed. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer long-term self-sustaining substrate block of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the long-term self-sustaining water and fertilizer substrate block fertilization method of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the seeding layer of the long-term self-sustaining water and fertilizer substrate block of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 shows the SPAD and fresh weight of lettuce grown in the long-term self-sustaining water and fertilizer substrate block of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 shows the SPAD and plant height of rapeseed or bok choy in the long-term self-sustaining water and fertilizer substrate block of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] This invention provides a substrate block, its preparation method, and a crop planting method. Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of this document and appropriately modify the process parameters to achieve the desired results. It should be particularly noted that all similar substitutions and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art and fall within the scope of protection of this invention. The methods and applications of this invention have been described through preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can clearly modify or appropriately change and combine the methods and applications described herein without departing from the content, spirit, and scope of this invention to realize and apply the technology of this invention.

[0037] In this application, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural.

[0038] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items.

[0039] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above processes does not imply the order of execution. Some or all steps may be executed in parallel or sequentially. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0040] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-supplied nutrient substrate block suitable for greenhouse vegetables from seedling to harvest. It uses a mixture of conventional seedling substrate and inorganic fiber granules as the sowing layer, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional seedling substrates, such as easy water loss and drought, and ensures the germination rate of vegetable seeds. Furthermore, it uses a new type of agricultural inorganic fiber as the main body, which has a moderate bulk density and certain water retention, fertilizer retention, and air permeability, ensuring the normal growth of vegetable seedlings. Using the substrate block of this invention can reduce the frequency and amount of water and fertilizer application during greenhouse vegetable cultivation, providing vegetables with a good rhizosphere environment with sufficient fertilizer, water, and air supply, and reducing production costs, especially suitable for trellis cultivation.

[0041] This invention uses inorganic fiber blankets as the main body of the seedling substrate, changing the conventional vegetable cultivation process and creating an integrated seedling cultivation model that reduces labor and equipment costs while improving efficiency. Agricultural inorganic fiber granules are pressed into fiber blankets, which serve as the main body of the seedling substrate. The type and application level of fertilizer are controlled according to the different nutrient requirements of different vegetable growth stages to improve the nutrient supply capacity of the substrate and meet the nutrient needs of vegetable growth. Because the new agricultural inorganic fiber blankets have a moderate density, they improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the substrate while providing a good growth environment for vegetable roots, preventing root rot caused by insufficient oxygen. Furthermore, mixing traditional seedling substrates with new agricultural inorganic fiber granules improves the water retention capacity of the seedling substrate, which is beneficial for vegetable seed germination.

[0042] This invention provides a matrix block, comprising:

[0043] First fiber blanket;

[0044] A second fiber blanket is disposed on the first fiber blanket;

[0045] A third fiber blanket is disposed on the second fiber blanket;

[0046] The seeding layer is set on the third fiber blanket;

[0047] The seeding layer includes a seedling substrate and inorganic fiber particles;

[0048] Fertilizer is applied between any two layers of the first, second, and third fiber blankets.

[0049] The matrix block provided by the present invention includes a first fiber blanket.

[0050] The first fiber blanket of this invention is made by melting, spinning, needle punching, and pressing a mixture of calcium silicate powder, magnesium silicate powder, and silica powder. The mineral fiber blanket is purchased from Luyang Company's aluminosilicate fiber blanket [cited patent: 202110961440.3]. The preferred bulk density of the first fiber blanket is 48-160 kg / m³. 3 More preferably, it is 60–130 kg / m³. 3 The thickness of the first fiber blanket is 15-30 mm; more preferably 20-25 mm.

[0051] The matrix block provided by the present invention includes a second fiber blanket disposed on the first fiber blanket.

[0052] The second fiber blanket is formed by pressing inorganic fiber particles, and the first fiber blanket has a bulk density of 48–160 kg / m³. 3 More preferably, it is 60–130 kg / m³. 3 The thickness of the second fiber blanket is 15-30 mm; more preferably 20-25 mm.

[0053] The matrix block provided by the present invention includes a third fiber blanket disposed on the second fiber blanket.

[0054] Specifically, the third fiber blanket is formed by pressing inorganic fiber particles, and the first fiber blanket has a bulk density of 48–160 kg / m³. 3 More preferably, it is 60–130 kg / m³. 3 The thickness of the third fiber blanket is 15-30 mm; more preferably 20-25 mm.

[0055] In this invention, it is preferable to apply fertilizer between any two layers of the first fiber blanket, the second fiber blanket, and the third fiber blanket.

[0056] In one embodiment, fertilizer is applied between the first fiber blanket and the second fiber blanket;

[0057] In one embodiment, fertilizer is applied between the second and third fiber blankets.

[0058] According to the present invention, the fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer;

[0059] In some embodiments, the phosphate fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, superphosphate.

[0060] In some embodiments, the potassium fertilizer includes, but is not limited to, potassium chloride.

[0061] In some embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer includes one or more of urea, resin-coated controlled-release urea, sulfur-coated controlled-release urea, and dual-controlled-release urea with coating inhibitors.

[0062] In some embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer includes two or more of the following: urea, resin-coated controlled-release urea, sulfur-coated controlled-release urea, and dual controlled-release urea with coating inhibitors.

[0063] In some embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises a mixture of urea with one of the following: resin-coated controlled-release urea, sulfur-coated controlled-release urea, and a dual controlled-release urea with a coating inhibitor.

[0064] In some embodiments, the fertilizer is urea, phosphate fertilizer, and potash fertilizer;

[0065] In some embodiments, the fertilizer is resin-coated controlled-release urea, phosphate fertilizer, and potash fertilizer;

[0066] In some embodiments, the fertilizer is sulfur-coated controlled-release urea, phosphate fertilizer, and potash fertilizer;

[0067] In one embodiment, the fertilizer is urea, resin-coated controlled-release urea, phosphate fertilizer, and potash fertilizer; wherein, urea accounts for 10% to 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer by mass.

[0068] In some embodiments, the fertilizer is urea, a dual-controlled-release urea with a coating inhibitor, phosphate fertilizer, and potash fertilizer;

[0069] In some embodiments, the fertilizer is resin-coated controlled-release urea, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer.

[0070] The substrate block provided by the present invention includes a seeding layer disposed on the third fiber blanket.

[0071] According to the present invention, the seeding layer comprises a seedling substrate and inorganic fiber particles.

[0072] Specifically, the inorganic fiber particles have a particle size of 2-3 mm.

[0073] The inorganic fiber particles in the seeding layer of the present invention preferably account for 25% to 45% by mass; more preferably 28% to 43%.

[0074] In this invention, the seedling substrate is one or more selected from peat moss, perlite, vermiculite, and agricultural inorganic fiber granules. The thickness of the seedling substrate is preferably 0.5–2 cm; more preferably 0.8–1.8 cm.

[0075] The present invention includes a matrix shell supporting the matrix block in addition to the matrix block; the matrix shell is made of rigid plastic or acrylic sheet.

[0076] The aforementioned substrate shell is preferably hard and capless.

[0077] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the matrix shell has a length of 50-90 mm, a width of 50-90 mm, and a height of 50-110 mm.

[0078] This invention provides a method for preparing the matrix block according to any one of the above technical solutions, comprising the following steps:

[0079] A) The mixture of calcium stone powder, magnesium stone powder and silica powder is melted, spun, needle-punched and pressed into shape to form a fiber blanket, which is then soaked in phosphate buffer solution for later use.

[0080] B) The fiber blanket treated in step A) is laid flat on the bottom of the matrix shell to obtain the first fiber blanket;

[0081] C) Cover the second fiber blanket and the third fiber blanket in sequence; apply fertilizer between any two layers of the first fiber blanket, the second fiber blanket and the third fiber blanket;

[0082] D) The seedling substrate and inorganic fiber particles are placed on the third fiber blanket as the sowing layer to obtain the desired result.

[0083] The fiber blanket material of the matrix block provided by this invention is purchased from Luyang Company's aluminum silicate fiber blanket [cited patent: 202110961440.3]. The fiber blanket is divided into three layers, namely a first fiber blanket, a second fiber blanket, or a third fiber blanket. The specific parameters and specifications of the fiber blanket have been clearly described above and will not be repeated here.

[0084] The fiber blanket is soaked in phosphate buffer solution for later use.

[0085] Specifically, the fiber blanket is soaked in a phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 4.5 for 20–24 hours, and its pH is adjusted to near neutral.

[0086] The fiber blanket processed in step A) is laid flat on the bottom of the matrix shell to obtain the first fiber blanket.

[0087] The second and third fiber blankets are then covered in sequence.

[0088] The above-described laying and covering methods are well known to those skilled in the art, and the present invention does not limit them.

[0089] The present invention applies fertilizer between any two layers of the first fiber blanket, the second fiber blanket, and the third fiber blanket.

[0090] The specific fertilizers used have already been clearly described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0091] The seedling substrate and inorganic fiber particles are placed on the third fiber blanket as a sowing layer to obtain the desired result.

[0092] The present invention also provides a method for planting crops, including substrate block planting as described in any of the above technical solutions.

[0093] In one specific embodiment, the crop includes, but is not limited to, lettuce, bok choy, etc.

[0094] This invention pre-contains the nutrients required by vegetables throughout their entire growth cycle within the substrate blocks. However, due to significant differences in root morphology among different vegetable varieties, their nutrient absorption capacity also varies, and the required nutrient ratios differ across vegetable varieties during their growth stages. This invention regulates the nutrient supply capacity of the substrate blocks by controlling the ratio of ordinary urea to controlled-release fertilizer and the fertilization layer. For vegetable types requiring more nitrogen in the early growth stages, a fertilization scheme with a higher proportion of conventional urea is selected; conversely, a lower proportion of conventional urea is chosen for those requiring less nitrogen. This ensures that the nutrient requirements of different vegetables are met throughout their growth stages, reduces nutrient volatilization loss, improves nutrient utilization, and saves time and effort.

[0095] This invention allows for the selection of appropriate controlled-release fertilizer types and ratios based on the nutrient requirements of vegetables at different growth stages, and the selection of suitable fertilization layers based on the root growth characteristics of cultivated vegetables. This reduces the number of fertilizations and the amount of fertilizer applied, minimizes nitrogen volatilization and leaching losses during traditional fertilization, and improves fertilizer utilization. Furthermore, the application of controlled-release fertilizer effectively avoids the adverse effects of rapid hydrolysis of fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer on vegetable seed germination and seedling growth, as well as nitrogen volatilization losses.

[0096] In the industrial production of greenhouse vegetables, the seedling substrate blocks of this invention are preferably pre-formed, integrated seedling and nutrient supply blocks with self-supplied water and fertilizer, which can reduce production costs and facilitate mechanized production. This invention has made improvements in material selection, main body molding, sowing layer selection, and nutrient supply.

[0097] (1) Selection of agricultural inorganic fibers: Select fiber blankets with moderate density to give them a certain water retention capacity, which can reach 8 to 10 times their own volume. At the same time, the new agricultural inorganic fibers also have a certain air permeability, which effectively solves the contradiction between the supply of water, nutrients and oxygen, ensures the healthy growth of vegetable roots, and effectively prevents the problem of plant roots rotting due to insufficient oxygen.

[0098] (2) Selection of the sowing layer: Using a mixture of traditional seedling substrates such as peat moss, perlite, vermiculite, and agricultural inorganic fiber particles as the sowing layer can improve the germination rate and survival rate of vegetable seeds. In addition, the mixed substrate covering the fiber blanket substrate block acts as a "water pump", continuously drawing water from the bottom inorganic fiber layer. The inorganic fiber particles mixed in the substrate can effectively lock in moisture, keeping the sowing layer moist and providing good conditions for vegetable seed germination.

[0099] (3) For the main body forming, the substrate shell is made of a lidless, rigid, custom-made plastic box, which helps the fiber blanket to form while reducing the possibility of nitrogen leaching caused by watering. The rigid plastic box can meet the requirements of mechanized production. In addition, the rigid plastic box can be reused, reducing production costs and mitigating the resource waste and environmental pollution caused by traditional seedling cups and seedling trays.

[0100] (4) Nutrient supply: Controlled-release urea is used as the nitrogen source for the substrate blocks. Controlled-release urea can release fertilizer nutrients slowly, which can effectively prolong the nutrient supply time and avoid seedling burn caused by excessive urea concentration in the substrate blocks during the early stage of vegetable seedling growth.

[0101] (5) Nutrient optimization: Based on the fertilizer requirements of the cultivated crops and the target yield, determine the type and amount of fertilizer to be added. The fertilizer source of the substrate block fertilization layer can be changed from chemical fertilizer supply to organic and inorganic fertilizer application, providing a good environment and more comprehensive nutrient supply for vegetable growth.

[0102] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description, in conjunction with embodiments, provides a substrate block, its preparation method, and a crop planting method provided by the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all percentages in the embodiments are by mass.

[0103] Based on the nutrient requirements of vegetables during their growth period, the proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and controlled-release urea in the substrate blocks were adjusted, and application experiments were conducted. This example uses lettuce cultivation as an example to illustrate the application of a novel inorganic fiber water and fertilizer long-term self-sustaining substrate block. Of course, the described example is only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all examples. Based on this invention, other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without innovative breakthroughs are all within the protection scope of this invention.

[0104] Example 1

[0105] A preparation process for a long-term self-sustaining water and fertilizer substrate block based on a novel inorganic fiber material includes the following steps: First, a rigid, open-top plastic box is customized as the substrate block shell, with basic dimensions of 75mm in length, width, and height. Second, the novel agricultural inorganic fibers are pressed into a fiber blanket of a certain volume (length = 75mm, width = 75mm, height = 20mm). Third, the fiber blanket is soaked in a phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 4.5 for 24 hours to adjust the pH to near neutral. Fourth, a fiber blanket is laid flat at the bottom of the substrate block shell as layer a, and then a certain amount of conventional urea, superphosphate, and potassium chloride fertilizer is added, with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of N-P2O5-K2O = 0.2-0.1-0.1. Two layers of fiber blanket are placed above the fertilizer layer, namely layers b and c. The fifth step involves mixing 20% ​​peat moss, 15% perlite, 10% vermiculite, and 55% agricultural inorganic fiber granules evenly, and then covering the top of the fiber blanket as the sowing layer (d). The thickness of layer d is controlled to be 1.5 cm, resulting in substrate block 1. The proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the fertilizer can be determined based on the fertilizer requirements during the growth period of the vegetables to be cultivated and the target yield. The types and amounts of fertilizers added should be determined accordingly.

[0106] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the long-term self-sustaining water and fertilizer substrate block of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the fertilization method of the long-term self-sustaining water and fertilizer substrate block; Note: The small round balls in the figure represent different fertilizer types; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the seeding layer of the long-term self-sustaining water and fertilizer substrate block.

[0107] Example 2

[0108] The urea in Example 1 can be replaced with resin-coated controlled-release urea to obtain matrix block 2.

[0109] Example 3

[0110] Replace the resin-coated controlled-release urea in Example 2 with sulfur-coated controlled-release urea to obtain matrix block 3.

[0111] Example 4

[0112] Replace the resin-coated controlled-release urea in Example 2 with conventional urea + resin-coated controlled-release urea (ratio of 3:7) to obtain matrix block 4.

[0113] Example 5

[0114] Replace the resin-coated controlled-release urea in Example 2 with conventional urea + coating inhibitor dual controlled-release urea (ratio of 3:7) to obtain matrix block 5.

[0115] Example 6

[0116] By changing the fertilizer supply mode of the fertilization layer in Example 2 from inorganic fertilizer supply to organic-inorganic combination application, matrix block 6 is obtained.

[0117] Based on the aforementioned Example 1, the content of agricultural inorganic fiber in the seeding layer substrate can be adjusted to 25%, 35%, and 45%.

[0118] Application Example 1

[0119] Treatment 1: Lettuce was cultivated using substrate blocks with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of N:P₂O₅:K₂O = 0.2-0.1-0.1 and a conventional urea:controlled-release urea ratio of 3:7. The sowing layer contained 45% agricultural inorganic fiber particles. First, 300 ml of 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution was added to the substrate blocks in several portions and allowed to stand for 12 hours to ensure absorption of the nutrient solution by each fiber mat and sowing layer. Uniformly sized, plump lettuce seeds were selected, disinfected with 0.1% NaClO, and then directly sown in the sowing layer at a depth of 5 mm, maintaining a temperature of approximately 25℃. After seed germination, watering was applied appropriately based on the moisture level of the substrate in the sowing layer. Under normal circumstances, the growth period of lettuce is 90 days.

[0120] Treatment 2: Resin-coated controlled-release urea (CU) inorganic fiber seedling substrate blocks, with the same fertilizer application rate as Treatment 1;

[0121] Treatment 3: Coated stable urea (NDCU) inorganic fiber seedling substrate blocks, with the same fertilization rate as Treatment 1. Lettuce seeds were disinfected before sowing at a depth of 5 mm, and the lettuce growth period was 30 days. The SPAD value and fresh weight of the lettuce were measured. The experimental results showed that lettuce seedlings under different controlled-release fertilizer treatments could grow normally, and the differences were significant, as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 shows the effect of different controlled-release urea fiber substrate blocks on the SPAD and fresh weight of lettuce, where U: conventional urea treatment; SU: sulfur-coated urea; CU: resin-coated controlled-release urea; NDCU: resin-coated dual controlled-release urea. As can be seen from Figure 4, different nitrogen types in the long-term water and fertilizer self-sustaining substrate blocks have a significant impact on the growth indicators of lettuce during the growth period, especially the treatment of fiber blocks combined with dual controlled-release urea, in which the SPAD and fresh weight of lettuce were higher than those of the substrate block plus conventional urea treatment. Furthermore, it is explained that due to the presence of the new type of agricultural inorganic fiber substrate blocks, even direct application of ordinary urea can ensure the normal growth of lettuce and will not cause adverse effects on lettuce such as seedling burn.

[0122] Application Example 2

[0123] Treatment 1 (CK): First, add 300ml of 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution to the substrate blocks in several portions and let it stand for 12 hours to allow each fiber mat and sowing layer to absorb the nutrient solution. Select uniformly sized, plump rapeseed or bok choy seeds, disinfect them with 0.1% NaClO, and then sow them directly in the sowing layer at a depth of 5mm, maintaining a temperature of approximately 25℃. After the seeds germinate, water appropriately according to the dryness of the substrate in the sowing layer.

[0124] Treatment 2 (CCF): Rapeseed or Chinese cabbage were cultivated in substrate blocks with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of N:P₂O₅:K₂O = 0.2-0.1-0.1 and a conventional urea:controlled-release urea ratio of 3:7. The seed layer contained 45% agricultural inorganic fiber particles. The fiber blanket treatment method was the same as for Treatment 1. The experimental results showed that rapeseed or Chinese cabbage seedlings under different controlled-release fertilizer treatments all grew normally, with significant differences, as shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 shows that the type of fertilizer in the water- and fertilizer-self-sustaining substrate block significantly affected the growth indicators of rapeseed or Chinese cabbage during their growth period. In particular, the combination of fiber blocks and controlled-release urea resulted in higher SPAD and plant height for rapeseed or Chinese cabbage compared to the unfertilized treatment.

[0125] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A substrate block, characterized in that, include: First fiber blanket; A second fiber blanket is disposed on the first fiber blanket; A third fiber blanket is disposed on the second fiber blanket; A seeding layer is placed on the third fiber blanket; the seeding layer includes a seedling substrate and inorganic fiber particles; fertilizer is applied between any two layers of the first, second, and third fiber blankets; the first fiber blanket is made by mixing inorganic fiber particles with calcium stone powder, magnesium stone powder, and silica powder, followed by melting, spinning, needle punching, and pressing; the bulk density of the first fiber blanket is 48~160 kg / m³. 3 The thickness of the first fiber blanket is 15-30 mm; the second fiber blanket is formed by pressing inorganic fiber particles, and the bulk density of the second fiber blanket is 48-160 kg / m³. 3 The second fiber blanket has a thickness of 15-30 mm; the third fiber blanket is formed by pressing inorganic fiber particles, and its bulk density is 48-160 kg / m³. 3 The thickness of the third fiber blanket is 15-30 mm; the seedling substrate is one or more of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite; the mass percentage of inorganic fiber particles in the sowing layer is 25%-45%; it also includes a substrate shell that supports the substrate block; the substrate shell is made of rigid plastic.

2. The matrix block according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inorganic fiber particles have a particle size of 2-3 mm.

3. The matrix block according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer; the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of superphosphate, triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate; the potassium fertilizer is one or more of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate; the nitrogen fertilizer includes one or more of resin-coated controlled-release urea, sulfur-coated controlled-release urea, and dual-controlled-release urea with coating inhibitor.

4. The matrix block according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the seedling substrate is 5-20 mm.

5. A method for preparing a matrix block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: A) Melting, spinning, needle punching, and pressing a mixture of calcium stone powder, magnesium stone powder, and silica powder to form a fiber blanket, which is then soaked in a phosphate buffer solution for later use; B) Spreading the fiber blanket processed in step A) flat on the bottom of the matrix shell to obtain the first fiber blanket. C) Cover the second fiber blanket and the third fiber blanket in sequence; apply fertilizer between any two layers of the first fiber blanket, the second fiber blanket and the third fiber blanket; D) Set the seedling substrate and inorganic fiber particles as the sowing layer on the third fiber blanket, and you get the desired result.

6. A method for planting a crop, characterized in that, This includes planting using the substrate block described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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