Construction method of beef cattle farm based on rare earth tailings mountain land

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of cattle farm construction, in particular to a method for constructing a beef cattle farm on a rare earth tailing mountain; in the present application, the beef cattle farm is constructed on the rare earth tailing mountain, the plants are applied to mutually cooperate with each other, the plant planting is applied to mutually cooperate with the cattle farm construction, the cattle farm pipe network circulation promotes the cattle farm protection, the defects of the rare earth tailing mountain are overcome, the construction cracking, deformation and even collapse are prevented, and the present application has the advantages of low construction cost and high efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cattle farm construction, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a beef cattle farm on a rare earth tailing mountain. BACKGROUND

[0002] The south of China is rich in rare earth ore resources, and the reserves account for more than 90% of the country.

[0003] At present, the beef cattle breeding industry in the south is developing rapidly and urgently needs a large amount of breeding construction land. The construction of a beef cattle farm on a rare earth tailing mountain can play the advantages of large land area, low rental cost, and far away from residential areas, and is of great significance to the development of beef cattle breeding in the south. However, the rare earth tailing land is covered with a large amount of sand, and the soil is in a sandy state, and the soil organic matter is less and the pH value is low (about 4.1). The characteristics of the rare earth tailing mountain are different from those of the conventional wasteland, mountain or slope.

[0004] Using the existing beef cattle farm construction technology to construct a beef cattle farm on a rare earth tailing mountain has the problems of cracking, deformation and even collapse of the cattle farm building, high construction cost, and easy disease of beef cattle. Using the existing plant planting technology to plant plants on a rare earth tailing mountain and then construct a beef cattle farm has the problems of slow growth of the planted plants, lack of organic matter source, long repair period and poor effect of the rare earth tailing, and harm to the beef cattle farm. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for constructing a beef cattle farm on a rare earth tailing mountain, which is to construct a beef cattle farm on a rare earth tailing mountain, to apply the mutual cooperation of plants, to mutually cooperate the plant planting and the cattle farm construction, to promote the cattle farm protection by the cattle farm pipe network circulation, to overcome the defects of the rare earth tailing mountain, to prevent the building from cracking, deforming and even collapsing, and to have the advantages of low construction cost and high efficiency.

[0006] The technical solution of the present application to solve the technical problem is:

[0007] A method for constructing a beef cattle farm on a rare earth tailing mountain, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step S1, establishing a cattle farm construction area: finding a site with a slope of 15% or less on a rare earth tailing mountain to establish a cowshed, the depth of the foundation of the cowshed is 1.1m~2.0m, the thickness of the foundation is 35cm~60cm, and at the same time, maple trees or elm trees are planted at the four corners of the cowshed, and purple fountain trees are planted on the ground between 1m and 2m outside the walls of the cowshed;

[0009] Step S2, establishing a cattle farm protection area: setting up a ring-shaped cattle farm protection area within 200m around the cattle farm construction area, and performing non-hardening treatment of the land in the cattle farm protection area, and planting plants;

[0010] Step S3, laying intelligent circulation pipe network of cattle field: laying fertilization pipe network in the cattle field construction area and the cattle field protection area, and using intelligent control system to transport the manure and urine water at the cowshed to the plants in the cattle field protection area for fertilization;

[0011] Step S4, establishing a grazing area: establishing a grazing area 200m away from the cattle field construction area, and planting plants in the grazing area.

[0012] As an improvement of the present application, in step S1, a row of maple trees or elm trees with an angle of 115°-155° to the wall of the cowshed and a planting length of 4-8m is planted at each of the four corners of the cowshed.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present application, a temperature control auxiliary device is installed in the cowshed.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present application, in the cattle field protection area, if the slope is within 5%, plants A, dwarf Bermuda grass and rough stem bluegrass are mixedly planted;

[0015] If the slope is 5%-10%, plants A, milkvetch and ophiopogon are mixedly planted;

[0016] If the slope is 10%-15%, plants A, carob and holly are mixedly planted;

[0017] If the slope is greater than 15% or the section is prone to collapse, two protection belts are provided, which are a first protection belt and a second protection belt, and in the first protection belt, small crown and tall fescue are mixedly planted, and in the second protection belt, any one or both of ailanthus and rhus succedaneum are planted;

[0018] Among them, plant A is any one of pennywort and sunflower.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present application, the fertilization pipe network comprises a manure water containing pipe network and a filtered manure water pipe network, the manure water containing pipe network is communicated with the non-filtering area of the manure water storage pool at the cowshed, the PH value of the manure water in the non-filtering area of the manure water storage pool is adjusted to 7.7-8.5 before fertilization, the plants in the cattle field protection area are fertilized once every 5-10 days in the first two months after the establishment of the cattle field protection area to cover the root soil, and then, the plants in the field with a slope of 10% or less are fertilized once every 2-3 weeks, or the plants in the field with a slope greater than 10% are fertilized three times every 2-3 weeks.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present application, the filtered urine water pipe network is communicated with the filtered area of the cow urine water storage pool at the cowshed, and the fertilization mode of the filtered urine water pipe network has three modes, namely, overhead sprinkling irrigation, ground drip irrigation and underground irrigation, and in the first two months after the establishment of the cow field protection area, the plants planted in the cow field protection area are drip irrigated once every 1-3 days to wet the shallow root system soil, and then, after the first two months, the plants in the field with a slope of 15% are overhead sprinkling irrigated, ground drip irrigated and underground irrigated once every 12-16 days.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present application, the grazing area is divided into several grazing sub-areas by the protective plant belt, and in the grazing sub-areas, alfalfa, chicory, kikuyu and plant A are cooperatively planted, and in each grazing sub-area, the grazing density of beef cattle is 10 m 2 ~14m 2 / head.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present application, in the cow field construction area, if the site slope is within 5%, the foundation depth of the cowshed is 1.1 m-1.4 m, and the foundation thickness is 35-42 cm; if the site slope is 5%-10%, the foundation depth of the cowshed is 1.4 m-1.7 m, and the foundation thickness is 42 cm-50 cm; if the site slope is 10%-15%, the foundation depth of the cowshed is 1.7 m-2 m, and the foundation thickness is 50 cm-60 cm.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present application, in the first two months after the establishment of the cow field protection area, if the cow field protection area is planted with the plant group cooperatively planted with Japanese knotweed, the plant group cooperatively planted with Japanese knotweed is fertilized once every 5-7 days through the residue-containing urine water pipe network, and the plant group cooperatively planted with Japanese knotweed is drip irrigated once every 1-2 days through the filtered urine water pipe network; if the cow field protection area is planted with the plant group cooperatively planted with sunflower, the plant group cooperatively planted with sunflower is fertilized once every 8-10 days through the residue-containing urine water pipe network, and the plant group cooperatively planted with sunflower is drip irrigated once every 2-3 days through the filtered urine water pipe network.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present application, the width of the protective plant belt is 1 m-1.4 m, and the protective plant belt alternately plants huizhi and whiteflower.

[0025] In the present application, in the rare earth tailings mountain, the construction of beef cattle farm is carried out, the mutual cooperation of plants is applied, the plant planting and the construction of cattle farm are mutually coordinated, the cattle farm pipe network circulation promotes the protection of cattle farm, overcomes the defects of rare earth tailings mountain, prevents the construction from cracking, deforming and even collapsing, has the advantages of low construction cost and high efficiency; Moreover, by means of plant synergistic growth, cattle farm pipe network circulation and transformation of planting environment, the plants grow rapidly in the early stage of planting, the vegetation covers the rare earth tailings land to prevent soil and water loss, at the same time, the plants with developed root system can grow rapidly, and the abundance and depth of plant root system can protect different slope soils, so that the root system can stabilize the soil to prevent the rare earth tailings land from subsidence and collapse. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below with examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0027] At present, there are the following problems in the construction of beef cattle farm on rare earth tailings mountain (rare earth tailings refer to south ion type rare earth tailings mountain):

[0028] 1. The rare earth tailings cover a large amount of sand, the thickness of which is more than several meters in most places, the soil is loose, and the soil loss is serious, which leads to the safety risks such as cracking, deformation and even collapse of the cattle farm building, even if the construction cost of the cattle farm is increased, there are still safety hazards;

[0029] 2. After the rare earth tailings are repaired by planting plants, the slow growth of plants in the early stage weakens the water and soil retention, and further inhibits the growth of plants, which leads to the problems of long repair period (up to several years) and lack of organic matter source for plant growth;

[0030] 3. The rare earth tailings soil has low pH value and less organic matter, the plant growth is limited, and the vegetation coverage is extremely low, which leads to serious soil and water loss of cattle farm, safety risks, high temperature of cattle farm in summer and low temperature of cattle farm in winter, and the conventional cattle farm construction method cannot control the temperature of cattle farm to be suitable, and the beef cattle is prone to disease.

[0031] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a construction method of beef cattle farm based on rare earth tailings mountain, which comprises the following steps:

[0032] Step S1, establishing cattle farm construction area: finding a site with a slope of 15% or less on the rare earth tailings mountain to establish a cowshed, the depth of the foundation of the cowshed is 1.1m~2.0m, the thickness of the foundation is 35cm~60cm, and maple or elm is planted in the four corners of the cowshed, and purple fountain tree is planted on the ground between 1m and 2m outside the wall of the cowshed;

[0033] Step S2: Establish a cattle farm protection zone: Set up a ring-shaped cattle farm protection zone within 200m around the cattle farm construction area, and carry out non-hardened land treatment within the cattle farm protection zone, while planting vegetation;

[0034] Step S3: Lay out the intelligent circulation pipeline network in the cattle farm: Lay out the fertilization pipeline network in the cattle farm construction area and the cattle farm protection area, and use the intelligent control system to transport the manure and urine from the cattle shed to the cattle farm protection area to fertilize the plants in the cattle farm protection area;

[0035] Step S4: Establish a grazing area: Establish a grazing area 200m away from the cattle farm construction area and plant vegetation in the grazing area.

[0036] In this invention, by utilizing plant synergistic growth, cattle farm pipeline circulation, and modification of the planting environment, plants with lush stems and leaves can grow rapidly in the early stages of planting. The vegetation covering the rare earth tailings land prevents surface water and soil erosion. At the same time, it can enable the plant roots to grow rapidly, and the abundance and depth of the plant roots can protect soils with different slopes, thereby making the roots stabilize the soil and prevent the rare earth tailings land from sinking and collapsing.

[0037] Within this invention, a beef cattle farm is constructed in a rare earth tailings mountain area. The synergistic effect between plants and the construction of the cattle farm, along with the circulation of the cattle farm's pipeline network, promotes the protection of the cattle farm, overcomes the defects of the rare earth tailings mountain area, and prevents the buildings from cracking, deforming, or even collapsing. It has the advantages of low construction cost and high efficiency.

[0038] In the present application, in step S1, four diagonals of the cowshed are each planted with a row of maple trees or elm trees at an angle of 115° to 155° to the cowshed wall and with a planting length of 4m to 8m, and Amorpha fruticosa is planted on the ground 1.1 to 1.2m to 1.9 to 2.0m outside the cowshed wall, with a summer pruning height of 0.5 to 0.7m and no winter pruning. Because the Amorpha fruticosa is pruned in summer, it does not block the air intake of the cowshed, thereby keeping the cowshed cool in summer, and because it is not pruned in winter, it can block the cold wind, thereby keeping the temperature of the cowshed, and the height of the Amorpha fruticosa can reach 4m, with a developed root system that can resist strong winds; maple trees and elm trees are deciduous plants, with lush leaves in summer, and the planting method of the present application can improve the microclimate around the cattle farm, increase the air volume and wind speed in the cattle farm in summer, and not lower the temperature of the cowshed in winter when the leaves fall; specifically, if the site slope is within 5%, the cowshed foundation is 1.1 to 1.4m deep and 35 to 42cm thick; if the site slope is 5% to 10%, the cowshed foundation is 1.4 to 1.7m deep and 42 to 50cm thick; if the site slope is 10% to 15%, the cowshed foundation is 1.7 to 2.0m deep and 50 to 60cm thick; at the same time, a ditch is dug around the cattle farm construction area, with a width of 45 to 50cm at the top, 10 to 15cm at the bottom, and a depth of 25 to 30cm, with a slope planting of tall fescue and reed-like fescue (ratio 3 to 7:7 to 3) on the slope, and a planting of multiple-flowered shrub on both sides of the ditch, with the application of mutual cooperation between plants, mutual cooperation between plant planting and cattle farm construction, overcoming the defects of rare earth tailings mountain, preventing building cracking, deformation and even collapse.

[0039] In the present application, in step S2, in the cattle farm protection zone, if the slope is within 5%, mix plant A, dwarf Bermuda, and rough stem bluegrass; if the slope is 5%~10%, mix plant A, milk vetch, and ophiopogon; if the slope is 10%~15%, mix plant A, carob, and holly; if the slope is greater than 15% or the section is prone to collapse, two protection belts are provided, the width of the first protection belt is 1m~1.5m, and small crown flower and tall fescue are mixedly planted in the first protection belt; the width of the second protection belt is 1.5m~2m, and any one or both of ailanthus and rhus succedaneum are planted in the second protection belt, wherein plant A is any one of pellionia repens and heliptropium sundticolum, pellionia repens has a plant height of 5~15 cm, rapid seedling emergence, rapid growth, and fast coverage and shaping; heliptropium sundticolum has a height of 10~30 cm and likes sunlight and grows fast; milk vetch is poor in tolerance to barren land, and its roots can reach a depth of 1.5 m or more, and it is rich in nodule bacteria; carob is poor in tolerance to barren and drought, its root system is developed, its roots can reach a depth of 2 m or more, it is rich in nodule bacteria, has strong wind resistance, and is a forage plant; ophiopogon has a plant height of 12~40 cm, likes fertilizer, and is tolerant to shade; holly is poor in tolerance to barren and drought, its root system is developed, is tolerant to shade, and has nitrogen fixation; small crown flower is tolerant to drought and poor soil, is tolerant to semi-shade, has many nodules, and has a developed root system. Specifically, if the slope of the cattle farm is within 5%, the non-hardened land is mixedly planted with plant A (accounting for 15%~20%), dwarf Bermuda (65%~75%), and rough stem bluegrass; if the slope of the cattle farm is 5%~10%, the non-hardened land is mixedly planted with plant A, milk vetch (50%~60%), and ophiopogon, and is pruned 2~3 times per year, with a height of 40~60 cm; if the slope of the cattle farm is 10%~15%, the non-hardened land is mixedly planted with plant A, carob (60%~70%), and holly, and is pruned 2~3 times per year, with a height of 50~70 cm; if the slope of the cattle farm is greater than 15% or the section is prone to collapse, two protection belts are provided, the width of the first protection belt is 1.0~1.5 m, and small crown flower and tall fescue are mixedly planted in the first protection belt; the width of the second protection belt is 1.5~2.0 m, and any one or both of ailanthus and rhus succedaneum are planted in the second protection belt, the first protection belt is pruned 2~3 times per year, with a height of 30~40 cm, wherein plant A is any one of pellionia repens and heliptropium sundticolum, pellionia repens is planted in spring and autumn, and heliptropium sundticolum is planted in summer, the two plants are fast-growing plants, and their role is to rapidly cover the ground with greenery in the early stage of planting (the first two months) and prevent water and soil loss, according to the season, only one of the two plants is planted, the two plants have a height of 10~25 cm, in the late stage of planting, other plants with high stems and leaves and deep root systems grow in large quantities and can gradually replace the two plants (because of insufficient light, the growth of the two plants is limited), the present application uses the methods of using the rapid growth of plant roots to stabilize soil, constructing corresponding cowsheds according to the slope of the site and using corresponding protective plants, and coordinating the protection of plants and buildings to prevent water and soil loss, ensure the safety of cattle farm buildings, and reduce the construction cost of cattle farms.

[0040] In the present application, in step S3, the fertilization pipe network includes a residue-containing urine water pipe network and a filtered urine water pipe network, the residue-containing urine water pipe network is communicated with the non-filtering area of the cow urine and dung water storage pool at the cowshed, the PH value of the cow urine and dung water in the non-filtering area of the cow urine and dung water storage pool is adjusted to 7.7-8.5 before fertilization, the plants planted in the cow field protection zone are fertilized once every 5-10 days to cover the root soil in the first two months after the establishment of the cow field protection zone, then, after the first two months, the plants in the field with a slope of 10% are fertilized once every 2-3 weeks, or the plants in the field with a slope greater than 10% are fertilized 3 times every 2-3 weeks; the filtered urine water pipe network is communicated with the filtering area of the cow urine and dung water storage pool at the cowshed, the fertilization mode of the filtered urine water pipe network has three kinds, which are above-ground sprinkling irrigation, ground drip irrigation and above-ground irrigation, the plants planted in the cow field protection zone are drip irrigated once every 1-3 days to drip wet the shallow root soil in the first two months after the establishment of the cow field protection zone, then, after the first two months, the plants in the field with a slope of 15% are above-ground sprinkling irrigated, ground drip irrigated and underground irrigated once every 12-16 days, specifically, the fertilization pipe network includes a residue-containing urine water pipe network and a filtered urine water pipe network, the residue-containing urine water pipe network is connected with the non-filtering area of the cow urine and dung water storage pool, the fertilization is flat ground fertilization, the plants are fertilized once every 5-10 days to cover the root soil in the first two months, then the plants in the field with a slope of 10% are fertilized once every 2-3 weeks, the PH value of the cow urine and dung water is adjusted (7.7-8.5) before fertilization; the filtered urine water pipe network is connected with the filtering area of the cow urine and dung water storage pool, the fertilization mode includes above-ground 1.5-1.8 m sprinkling irrigation, flat ground drip irrigation and underground 1.3-2.2 m irrigation, the plants are drip irrigated once every 1-3 days to drip wet the shallow root soil (10-25 cm deep) in the first two months, then the plants in the field with a slope of 15% are above-ground sprinkling irrigated, ground drip irrigated and underground irrigated once every 12-16 days.

[0041] In the present application, in the first two months after the establishment of the cattle farm protection zone, if the cowpea cooperatively planted plant group is planted in the cattle farm protection zone, the cowpea cooperatively planted plant group is fertilized once every 5-7 days through the residue-containing urine water pipe network, and the cowpea cooperatively planted plant group is drip irrigated once every 1-2 days through the filtered urine water pipe network; if the sunflower cooperatively planted plant group is planted in the cattle farm protection zone, the sunflower cooperatively planted plant group is fertilized once every 8-10 days through the residue-containing urine water pipe network, and the sunflower cooperatively planted plant group is drip irrigated once every 2-3 days through the filtered urine water pipe network; specifically, the cattle manure urine water storage tank collects cattle manure urine water, sink sewage and cattle roof rainwater through the sewage collection pipeline, the residue-containing urine water pipe network is fertilized once every 5-7 days for the cowpea cooperatively planted plant group in the first two months, and the residue-containing urine water pipe network is fertilized once every 8-10 days for the sunflower cooperatively planted plant group in the first two months; the filtered urine water pipe network is drip irrigated once every 1-2 days for the cowpea cooperatively planted plant group in the first two months (drip wet depth is 10-20 cm), and the filtered urine water pipe network is drip irrigated once every 2-3 days for the sunflower cooperatively planted plant group in the first two months (drip wet depth is 15-25 cm); after the first two months of the filtered urine water pipe network, the ground drip irrigation (drip wet depth is 20-25 cm) and the ground sprinkling irrigation (spray wet plant stems and leaves) are adopted for the site with a slope of 5% within the field; the ground drip irrigation (drip wet depth is 10-15 cm) and the underground irrigation are adopted for the site with a slope of 5%-10%, and the irrigation pipe is arranged at 1.3-1.6 m below the ground; the ground drip irrigation (drip wet depth is 10-15 cm) and the underground irrigation are adopted for the site with a slope of 10%-15%, and the irrigation pipe is arranged at 1.9-2.2 m below the ground, wherein specifically, the residue-containing urine water pipe network is a main pipe of 9.0-10.0 cm diameter PVC pipe and a branch pipe of 5.0-7.6 cm diameter PVC pipe; the filtered urine water pipe network is a main pipe of 5.0-6.5 cm diameter PVC pipe and a branch pipe of 3.8-5.0 cm diameter, drip irrigation pipe (PU pipe) and irrigation pipe (PE hard pipe) with a hole spacing of 40-50 cm.

[0042] In the present application, the residue-containing urine water pipe network is used to adjust the pH value of the cattle manure urine water with lime milk before fertilization, and the pH value is adjusted to 8.1-8.5, 7.9-8.3 and 7.7-8.1 respectively in January-February, May-June and September-October of the first year of fertilization, which can solve the problems of low pH value and less organic matter in rare earth tailings soil, and the growth of plants is limited and the vegetation coverage is extremely low, and the fertilization promotes the rapid growth of plants.

[0043] In order to better promote the growth of fertilization, 1%~3% liquid auxiliary materials are added before the first year of fertilization, the liquid auxiliary materials include auxiliary material A and auxiliary material B, auxiliary material A, 14%~18% shiitake mushroom residue, 8%~12% black fungus residue, 8%~12% Andrographis residue is crushed, 2%~3% molasses, 0.05%~0.2% cellulase, 15%~20% water is added, and is uniformly mixed and placed for 24~36 h, 4%~5% molasses, 15%~42% water is stirred and filtered, auxiliary material B, 13%~17% peanut nodule, 15%~20% soybean nodule, 8%~12% navel orange residue is crushed, 0.1%~0.4% mild purple spore fungus, 0.5%~1.5% cellulase, 20%~65% water is added, and is uniformly mixed and placed for 20~30 h and filtered, the filter urine water pipe network in the first two months, the use ratio of auxiliary material A to auxiliary material B is 3~4:1; after two months, the use ratio of the field with a slope of 5% is 1~2:1, and the use ratio of the field with a slope of 5%~15% is 1:3~4; the liquid auxiliary material contains shiitake mushroom, gibberellin, flavone, sugar, amino acid and other components, can promote plant nutrient absorption, promote plant stem and leaf rapid growth, contains nodule bacteria, plant hormones, flavone and other components, can enhance the nitrogen fixation capacity of plant root system, promote the rapid growth of plant root system, and the liquid auxiliary material has no plant nematode disease hazard.

[0044] In step S4, the grazing area is divided into several grazing areas by protective plant belts, and alfalfa, chicory, kikuyu and plant A are planted in the grazing areas, the grazing density of beef cattle in each grazing area is 10 m 2 / head, the beef cattle grazing weight is 220 kg~280 kg, and the grazing time is in spring, summer and autumn sunny days. 2 If the grazing density is <10 m 2 / head, the plant is eaten more, damaged more, and trampled more, the vegetation recovers slowly, and the water and soil erosion is easy to occur; if the grazing density is >14 m 2 / head, the manure of the cattle is insufficient, the plant grows slowly, the nutrients are insufficient, and the water and soil erosion is weak; moreover, the weight of 220~280 kg is because the calves are suitable for grazing, the vegetation is damaged less, and the trampling is weak, the big beef cattle are suitable for being fattened in the cowshed, and the vegetation is damaged more, especially not suitable for being grazed in the rare earth tailing land grazing area where the plant grows difficultly, at the same time, the grazing time is in spring, summer and autumn sunny days, the plant grows fast in spring, summer and autumn, and grows slowly in winter, and the plant grows difficultly in the rare earth tailing land, the vegetation recovers slowly after the beef cattle eat the plant, and it is not conducive to the water and soil protection of the rare earth tailing land.

[0045] Chicory has the effect of clearing heat and resolving toxins, and strengthening the stomach, and the root system is developed, and it is resistant to trampling and grows fast, specifically, the protective plant belt, which is 1.0-1.4 m wide, has alternately planted hu zhi zi (60%-70%) and white thorn flower; the grazing area is cooperatively planted, including: alfalfa mixed with plant A, and intercropped with bermuda grass; chicory mixed with plant A, and intercropped with bermuda grass; the grazing time is that the alfalfa and chicory are 40-50 cm high in the first year, and then the alfalfa is 25-35 cm high and the chicory is 30-40 cm high; the grazing area is reconstructed and planted in an environment: the land is made into terraces, and a ditch and a rainwater buffer pool (1.2-1.5 m long, 0.8-1.0 m wide, and 0.6-0.8 m deep) are dug around the terraces; fertilization in the protective area of the cattle field can promote the growth of plants in the protective area of the cattle field, prevent water and soil loss and collapse, and protect the cowshed, and the cattle field grazing area is outside the protective area of the cattle field, which is to prevent water and soil loss and collapse 200 m away from the cowshed, and to enhance the safety of the surrounding cowshed.

[0046] The planting mode of the present application can improve the microclimate around the cattle field, and plant maple, elm and purple spirea, the maple and elm are planted at an angle with the wall of the cowshed, which can collect the wind around the cowshed in summer and not collect the wind in winter, and the purple spirea is pruned to not block the wind into the cowshed, so that the cowshed is cool in summer and warm in winter, and the wind volume and speed in the cattle field are increased in summer, and the falling leaves of the purple spirea do not lower the temperature of the cowshed in winter, and the purple spirea blocks the cold wind to enhance the heat preservation of the cowshed, but in order to better solve the problems that the rare earth tailings have high radiation in summer and the temperature of the breeding field is higher than that of the conventional cattle field, and the temperature of the breeding field is lower than that of the conventional cattle field in winter, the present application is adopted, and a temperature control auxiliary device is installed in the cowshed, the temperature control auxiliary device comprises a ventilation duct, a transparent windproof film and a sunshade net, the ventilation duct is arranged in the middle of the ceiling of the cowshed, a plurality of air outlets are arranged, and an automatic control device is arranged, the air outlet direction is controlled to be the same as the natural wind direction, the bottom end of the ventilation duct is connected with a ventilator, the wall of the cowshed is 0.6-0.8 m high, and the wall is provided with the sunshade net and the windproof film which are opened from bottom to top, the purple spirea is pruned in summer, and the ventilation duct and the sunshade net are used when the temperature of the cowshed is higher than 24℃; the purple spirea is fertilized in autumn, and the windproof film is used when the temperature of the cowshed is lower than 12℃.

[0047] The present application provides the following examples and comparative examples: Example 1

[0048] Example 1 comprises the following steps:

[0049] A, the cattle field construction area: the cattle field is built in the relatively flat tailing, the site slope is about 4%, the cattle shed foundation is 1.2 m deep and 38 cm thick, four cattle sheds are planted with a row of maple trees or elm trees at opposite corners, the planting length is 6 m, and the row of plants and the cattle shed wall are at an angle of 150 degrees; the ground between 1.2 m and 1.9 m outside the cattle shed wall is planted with Amorpha fruticosa, the summer pruning height is 0.6 m, and the winter is not pruned; wherein, the four around the cattle field are dug into a ditch, the upper width is 49 cm, the lower width is 13 cm, the depth is 27 cm, the ditch slope is planted with tall fescue and reed-like fescue (ratio 4:6), and the ditch sides are planted with multiple flower hu zhi zi; the temperature control auxiliary facilities are installed in the cattle shed, the temperature control auxiliary facilities include ventilation duct, transparent windproof film and sunshade net, the ventilation duct is arranged in the middle of the ceiling, a plurality of air outlets are arranged, and an automatic control device is arranged, the control air outlet direction is the same as the natural wind direction, the bottom end of the ventilation duct is connected with a ventilator, the wall height of the cattle shed is 0.7 m, the wall is provided with sunshade nets and windproof films opened from bottom to top, Amorpha fruticosa is pruned in summer, the ventilation duct and sunshade net are started when the temperature of the cattle shed is higher than 24 DEG C; Amorpha fruticosa is fertilized in autumn, and the windproof film is started when the temperature of the cattle shed is lower than 12 DEG C;

[0050] B, the cattle field protection area: the non-hardened land of the cattle field is mixed with plants A (accounting for 18%), dwarf Bermuda (70%) and rough stem bluegrass, the slope around the cattle field is greater than 15% or the section prone to collapse, two protection belts are arranged, the first protection belt is 1.2 m wide and mixedly planted with small crown and tall fescue; the second protection belt is 1.7 m wide and planted with rhus coriaria, the first protection belt is pruned 2-3 times a year, and the height is about 36 cm, wherein, plant A is planted with spikemoss;

[0051] C. Cattle farm pipe network circulation: adopt intelligent system to control the valve of fertilization pipe network to apply water and fertilizer collected by cattle manure and urine water storage pool to plants in the area close to the cattle farm (within 200 m), and promote the construction of cattle farm by plants. The fertilization pipe network includes residue-containing urine water pipe network and filtered urine water pipe network. The residue-containing urine water pipe network is connected to the non-filtering area of the cattle manure and urine water storage pool and applies fertilizer to the ground. In the first two months, the plants are fertilized once every 5-7 days to cover the root soil, and then once every 2-3 weeks to the plants in the area with a slope of 5%. Before fertilization, adjust the pH value of the cattle manure and urine water (adjust the pH value of the residue-containing urine water pipe network with lime milk before fertilization. In the first year, adjust the pH value to 8.4, 8.2 and 7.9 in January-February, May-June and September-October, respectively, from the planting of plants). The cattle manure and urine water storage pool collects cattle manure and urine water, sink sewage and cattle roof rainwater through sewage collection pipeline. The residue-containing urine water pipe network is 10 cm in diameter and made of PVC pipe, and the branch pipe is 5 cm in diameter and made of PVC pipe. The filtered urine water pipe network is 6.5 cm in diameter and made of PVC pipe, and the branch pipe is 3.8 cm in diameter, drip irrigation pipe (PU pipe) and irrigation pipe (PE hard pipe) are 50 cm apart. The filtered urine water pipe network is connected to the filtering area of the cattle manure and urine water storage pool. The fertilization methods include ground drip irrigation and 1.6 m high overhead sprinkling irrigation. In the first two months, the plants are drip irrigated once every 1-2 days to wet the 10-20 cm deep root soil, and then once every 12-16 days to drip irrigate the ground (wet 20-25 cm deep) and overhead sprinkle (wet the stems and leaves of plants) in the area with a slope of 5%. In the first year, add 1.5% liquid additives before fertilization. The liquid additives include additive A and additive B. Additive A: crush 15% mushroom residue, 10% black fungus residue and 9% Andrographis residue, add 3% molasses, 0.1% cellulase and 18% water, mix well, stand for 30 h, add 4% molasses and 40.9% water, stir well and filter. Additive B: crush 15% peanut nodule, 18% soybean nodule and 10% navel orange residue, add 0.2% spore of purple violet, 1.0% cellulase and 55.8% water, mix well, stand for 25 h and filter. In the first two months, the use ratio of additive A to additive B is 3:1. After two months, the use ratio in the area with a slope of 5% is 1:1.

[0052] D. Grazing area construction: divide the area far from the cattle farm (200 m outside) in the rare earth tailings mountain into multiple grazing areas with protective plant belts, and plant plants A, alfalfa, chicory and dog tooth grass in the areas. The body weight of beef cattle is 220-280 kg, and the grazing density is 11-13 m 2 / head, grazing time spring summer and autumn sunny day, wherein, the protective plant belt, 1.2 m wide, within the alternately planted hu zhi zi (65%), white thistle, pasture area collaborative planting including: alfalfa and plant A mixed, and with between the kikuyu; chicory and plant A mixed, and with between the kikuyu, grazing time, the first year alfalfa, chicory high 45 cm or so, then alfalfa high 29 cm or so, chicory high 34 cm or so; pasture area reconstruction planting environment: land into terrace, terrace around ditch, rainwater buffer pool (1.4 m long, 0.9 m wide, 0.8 m deep). Example 2

[0053] Example 2 is different from example 1 in that: in example 2, the following way is adopted:

[0054] A, cattle field construction area: cattle field site slope 7% or so, cattle shed foundation deep 1.6 m, thick 46 cm;

[0055] B, cattle field protection area: non hardening land of cattle field site collaborative mixed plant A, pig shit bean (55%), ophiopogon japonicus, pruning 3 times a year, height 48 cm or so;

[0056] C, cattle field pipe network circulation: residue urine water pipe network, the first two months to plant plants 1 times to cover the root soil every 8 days; filter urine water pipe network, the first two months to plant plants 1 times to drip wet 15-25 cm root soil every 3 days, then to the slope 5%-10% site plant ground drip irrigation (drip wet deep 10-15 cm) and underground irrigation, irrigation pipe is set in the ground 1.4 m below.

[0057] In addition, the proportion of auxiliary material A: auxiliary material B in example 2 is 1:3, and in example 2, plant A is solar flower, and the other contents of example 2 are the same as those of example 1. Example 3

[0058] Example 3 is different from example 1 in that: in example 3, the following way is adopted:

[0059] A, cattle field construction area: cattle field site slope 13% or so, cattle shed foundation deep 1.9 m, thick 57 cm;

[0060] B, cattle field protection area: non hardening land of cattle field site collaborative mixed plant A, cowpea (65%), ma jie, pruning 3 times a year, height 63 cm or so;

[0061] D, cattle field pipe network circulation: residue urine water pipe network, two months later, no residue urine water fertilizer is applied to the plant on the site with slope greater than 10%; filter urine water pipe network, two months later, every 12-16 days to the slope 10%-15% site plant ground drip irrigation (drip wet deep 10-15 cm) and underground irrigation, irrigation pipe is set in the ground 2.0 m below.

[0062] In addition, the ratio of the adjuvant A:adjuvant B used in Example 3 is 1:3.5, and in Example 3, the plant A is planted with Pilea nummulariifolia, and the other contents of Example 3 are the same as those of Example 1. Example 4

[0063] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that no plant A (Pilea nummulariifolia, Helianthemum nummularium) is planted. Example 5

[0064] The difference between Example 5 and Example 3 is that the non-hardened land of the cattle field is mixed with plant A (Pilea nummulariifolia, accounting for 16%), dwarf Bermuda (70%), and rough-stemmed bluegrass; the slope of the cattle field is greater than 15% or the section prone to collapse is planted with Rhus typhina and dwarf Bermuda. Example 6

[0065] The difference between Example 6 and Example 1 is that only the mode of using the pipe network containing sludge urine for fertilization is adopted, and the mode of filtering the pipe network for urine is not adopted. Example 7

[0066] The difference between Example 7 and Example 3 is that the mode of fertilization by filtering the pipe network for urine is single, and only the mode of ground drip irrigation is adopted. Example 8

[0067] The difference between Example 8 and Example 1 is that no grazing area is set. Example 9

[0068] The difference between Example 9 and Example 1 is that Amorpha fruticosa is not pruned, maple trees are planted around the cowshed, and the ventilation duct of the cowshed roof is not equipped with an automatic control air outlet direction device.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] The site is pushed to a slope of 1% to 2%, the cowshed foundation is 3 m deep, the ground 4 m outside the cowshed wall is cemented, multiple drainage ditches are built around the cowshed and the ditch and its surrounding are hardened, the playground uses cement ground, high-pressure spraying, fans, and water curtain wall system are used for cooling in summer, and canvas is used for heat preservation in winter.

[0071] Comparative Example 2

[0072] The cowshed base is 0.6 m deep, the cowshed adopts a full-open main structure, uses a steel frame structure double-slope double-row head-to-head type, uses electric fans for ventilation in summer, and sets a 3 m high windbreak curtain wall on the north side of the cowshed in winter; broad-leaved trees are planted around the cowshed, water evaporation and heat absorption are used, and the leaves are shaded, and bluegrass and St. Augustine grass are mixedly planted on the site and the surrounding non-hardened land of the cattle field.

[0073] Comparative Example 3

[0074] The biogas tank is established in the cattle field, the biogas slurry is extracted through the pipeline and is used for ground irrigation of the early grass and the St. Augustine grass planted on the non-hardened land around the cattle field; the depth of the cattle shed base is 0.7 m, the cattle shed adopts a full open type main body structure, the electric fan, watering and the broad-leaved trees planted around the cattle shed are used for cooling in summer, and the 3-meter high windbreak curtain wall is arranged on the north of the cattle shed in winter.

[0075] The application compares the cattle farm buildings and land of examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-3 for 2 years, and the results are shown in table 1:

[0076] Table 1:

[0077]

[0078] As can be seen from table 1, the cattle farm buildings and the non-hardened ground outside the cattle shed of examples 1, 2, 3 and 9 do not appear ground gully, soil erosion and other phenomena; example 4 does not use the synergistic effect between plants, does not plant stem and leaf fast-growing plants, and the plant growth is slow in the early stage, and the protection effect on the soil surface is weak; example 5 does not plant suitable plants according to the site slope on the large slope cattle field, the dwarf Bermuda and the coarse stem early grass have weak soil protection effect due to shallow root system, and there are more collapses, resulting in more water and soil loss traces around the foundation; example 6 lacks the drip irrigation of the filtered urine water pipe network, the plant growth is slowed down, the land protection is weakened, and a small amount of gully appears on the non-hardened ground outside the cattle shed; example 7 only uses ground drip irrigation for the filtered urine water pipe network, the plant root system is easy to grow close to the surface soil, the root system is shallow, the soil protection effect is weak in the large slope area, and the land collapses; example 8 does not set the grazing area, the land in the area far from the cattle field is not effectively protected, resulting in more gullies and collapses on the ground far from the cattle field, and then the water and soil loss and collapse may spread to the main cattle field area, and further harm the cattle field construction.

[0079] In addition, the high-quality cattle shed constructed according to the loose soil characteristics of the rare earth tailings land (comparative example 1) has the problems of high construction cost and more gullies on the non-reinforced hardened ground, and more collapses in the large slope area, and there is a safety risk over time.

[0080] The conventional plant planting and conventional cattle farm construction scheme (comparative example 2) implemented on the rare earth tailings land has slow plant growth, shallow plant root system, poor water and soil loss protection effect of the rare earth tailings, shallow cattle field foundation, and the results of 2 years of operation show that there are more gullies around the foundation, and more gullies and collapses on the non-hardened ground outside the cattle shed.

[0081] The plant pipeline fertilization and conventional cattle farm construction scheme (comparative example 3) implemented on the rare earth tailing land is only one kind of pipeline fertilization plant, and the water and fertilizer nutrition of the plant is unbalanced, and the plant root is easy to grow close to the surface soil by ground irrigation, so that the water and soil loss prevention effect is poor, and the result of operation for 2 years shows that more gullies are generated on the non-hardened ground outside the cowshed, and a small amount of collapse occurs in the area with large slope.

[0082] The present application compares the temperature in the cowshed and the incidence of disease of beef cattle of examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-3 after operation for 2 years, and the results are shown in table 2.

[0083] Table 2:

[0084]

[0085] As can be seen from table 2, the beef cattle in examples 1, 2, 3 and 8 are bred in a suitable temperature, and the incidence of disease is low; the plant growth in example 4 is slow, the vegetation coverage is poor, the temperature in the cowshed is high in summer, the non-hardened ground in example 5 collapses, the ground around the foundation has more water and soil loss traces, the vegetation coverage is poor, and the temperature in the cowshed is high in summer; the water for fertilization in example 6 is insufficient to affect the plant growth, which has a certain influence on the microclimate around the cowshed and the temperature in the cowshed; the non-hardened ground in example 7 collapses, the water and soil protection effect of the plant is weakened, which affects the climate around the cattle farm and the temperature in the cowshed; the Amorpha fruticosa in example 9 is 2-4 m high and is not pruned, which affects the ventilation of the cowshed, the Ficus tree planted around the cowshed cannot enhance the ventilation of the cowshed in summer, the outflow direction of the ventilation pipeline is not controlled to be the same as the direction of natural wind, which affects the ventilation effect, the high-temperature reduction effect of the cowshed is poor, and the incidence of disease of beef cattle is high.

[0086] In addition, the high-quality cowshed (comparative example 1) constructed according to the loose characteristics of the soil on the rare earth tailing land has high purchase and operation cost of the temperature control system, which affects the economic benefit of beef cattle breeding.

[0087] The conventional plant planting and conventional cattle farm construction scheme (comparative example 2) implemented on the rare earth tailing land has poor heat preservation effect on the cowshed in winter, poor cooling effect on the cowshed in summer, and high incidence of disease of beef cattle.

[0088] The plant pipeline fertilization and conventional cattle farm construction scheme (comparative example 3) implemented on the rare earth tailing land has weak promotion effect on the plant growth by single pipeline fertilization, slow plant growth, weak improvement effect on the climate around the cowshed, and poor cooling effect on the cowshed.

[0089] The present application has the following advantages:

[0090] 1. The application solves the problems of building cracking, deformation and even collapse risk of beef cattle farm on rare earth tailings land by using plant cooperative planting, corresponding cowshed construction according to site slope, using corresponding protective plants, plant and building cooperative protection, beef cattle grazing and plant cooperative protection, etc., realizes the construction of safe and firm beef cattle farm on non-conventional land (rare earth tailings land), and reduces the construction cost of the beef cattle farm.

[0091] 2. The application solves the problems of conventional beef cattle farm construction method that is difficult to control the temperature of the beef cattle farm, which leads to the beef cattle being prone to disease, etc., and solves the problems of conventional beef cattle farm construction method that easily increases the investment and operation cost of the temperature control facilities of the beef cattle farm, etc., realizes that the temperature of the rare earth tailings cowshed is mostly in the range of 10-25℃, has low operation cost, and promotes the healthy growth of beef cattle by eating heat-reducing plants.

[0092] 3. The application solves the problems of slow plant growth and lack of organic matter source for plant growth on rare earth tailings land by using beef cattle farm pipe network circulation, plant cooperative growth and transformation of planting environment, etc., realizes efficient promotion of plant early stage stem and leaf growth and plant root growth.

[0093] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the application and is not intended to limit the application, and any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the application shall be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a beef cattle farm on rare earth tailings mountain land, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Establish the cattle farm construction area: On the rare earth tailings hillside, find a site with a slope of less than 15% to build cattle sheds. The foundation depth of the cattle sheds should be 1.1m~2.0m and the foundation thickness should be 35cm~60cm. At the same time, plant a row of maple or elm trees with an angle of 115°~155° with the cattle shed walls and a planting length of 4m~8m at each of the four opposite corners of the cattle sheds. Plant Amorpha fruticosa on the ground 1m to 2m outside the cattle shed walls. The Amorpha fruticosa should be pruned to a height of 0.5~0.7m in summer and not pruned in winter. Step S2: Establish a cattle farm protection zone: Establish a ring-shaped cattle farm protection zone within 200m of the cattle farm construction area. Within the protection zone, the land should be treated without hardening, and vegetation should be planted. Specifically, within the protection zone, if the slope is less than 5%, plant A, dwarf Bermuda grass, and Kentucky bluegrass should be mixed; if the slope is 5%–10%, plant A, *Phyllostachys edulis*, and *Liriope muscari* should be mixed; if the slope is 10%–15%, plant A, *Pistacia chinensis*, and *Hippophae rhamnoides* should be mixed; if the slope is greater than 15% or in areas prone to collapse, establish two protection zones: a first protection zone and a second protection zone. In the first protection zone, plant *Coronaria sibthorpioides* and tall fescue; in the second protection zone, plant one or both of *Ailanthus altissima* and *Rhus chinensis*. Plant A is one of *Hydrocotyle vulgaris* and *Portulaca grandiflora*. Step S3: Lay out the intelligent circulation pipeline network in the cattle farm: Lay out the fertilization pipeline network in the cattle farm construction area and the cattle farm protection area, and use the intelligent control system to transport the manure and urine from the cattle shed to the cattle farm protection area to fertilize the plants in the cattle farm protection area; Step S4: Establish a grazing area: Establish a grazing area 200m away from the cattle farm construction area and plant vegetation in the grazing area.

2. The method for constructing a beef cattle farm on rare earth tailings mountain land according to claim 1, characterized in that, Install temperature control auxiliary equipment in the cattle shed.

3. A method for constructing a beef cattle farm on rare earth tailings mountain land according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The fertilization network includes a sludge-containing urine water network and a filtered urine water network. The sludge-containing urine water network is connected to the non-filtered area of ​​the cow manure and urine water storage pool located in the cattle shed. Before fertilization, the pH value of the cow manure and urine water in the non-filtered area of ​​the cow manure and urine water storage pool is adjusted to 7.7-8.

5. In the first two months after the establishment of the cattle farm protection zone, the plants planted in the cattle farm protection zone are fertilized once every 5-10 days until the soil covers the roots. Then, after the first two months, the plants on the slope of less than 10% are fertilized once every 2-3 weeks, or the plants on the slope of greater than 10% are fertilized three times every 2-3 weeks.

4. The method for constructing a beef cattle farm on rare earth tailings mountain land according to claim 3, characterized in that, The filtered urine pipeline is connected to the filtration area of ​​the cow manure and urine storage pool located in the cowshed. The filtered urine pipeline has three fertilization methods: surface sprinkler irrigation, surface drip irrigation, and underground irrigation. In the first two months after the establishment of the cattle farm protection area, the plants planted in the cattle farm protection area are drip-irrigated once every 1 to 3 days until the shallow root soil is moistened. Then, after the first two months, the plants in the area with a slope of 15% are irrigated once every 12 to 16 days using surface sprinkler irrigation, surface drip irrigation, and underground irrigation.

5. The method for constructing a beef cattle farm on rare earth tailings mountain land according to claim 4, characterized in that, The grazing area is divided into several grazing zones using protective vegetation strips. Within each grazing zone, alfalfa, chicory, bermudagrass, and plant A are planted in synergy. The grazing density of beef cattle in each grazing zone is 10m². 2 ~14m 2 / head.

6. The method for constructing a beef cattle farm on rare earth tailings mountain land according to claim 1, characterized in that, Within the cattle farm construction area, if the site slope is within 5%, the foundation depth of the cattle shed should be 1.1m to 1.4m, and the foundation thickness should be 35 to 42cm; if the site slope is 5% to 10%, the foundation depth of the cattle shed should be 1.4m to 1.7m, and the foundation thickness should be 42cm to 50cm; if the site slope is 10% to 15%, the foundation depth of the cattle shed should be 1.7m to 2m, and the foundation thickness should be 50cm to 60cm.

7. The method for constructing a beef cattle farm on rare earth tailings mountain land according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the first two months after the establishment of the cattle farm protection zone, if the cattle farm protection zone is planted with a co-planting group of pennywort, then the pennywort co-planting group is fertilized once every 5 to 7 days through the urine-containing wastewater pipeline, and drip-irrigated once every 1 to 2 days through the filtered urine pipeline; if the cattle farm protection zone is planted with a co-planting group of sunflowers, then the sunflower co-planting group is fertilized once every 8 to 10 days through the urine-containing wastewater pipeline, and drip-irrigated once every 2 to 3 days through the filtered urine pipeline.

8. A method for constructing a beef cattle farm on rare earth tailings mountain land according to claim 5, characterized in that, The protective plant strip is 1m to 1.4m wide, and Lespedeza and Rhizoma Citri Reticulatae are planted alternately within the protective plant strip.

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