A high-rigidity composite sheet hot pressing forming equipment and process

Abstract

A kind of high rigidity composite board hot press forming equipment, including strip material roll combination frame, laminating mechanism, fixed-length cutting device, pulling pay-off device, press device group and board edge material cutting device in turn, laminating mechanism includes bottom plate and press roll, the rear side of bottom plate is provided with discharge comb, pulling pay-off device includes bottom horizontal plate, upper pressing plate and clamping cylinder, bottom horizontal plate is on the support between fixed-length cutting device and press device group by the longitudinal movement device at its both ends, the front side of bottom horizontal plate is provided with material receiving comb that can swing up and down and correspond with discharge comb, material receiving comb and discharge comb are arranged staggered in transverse direction, the cylinder body of clamping cylinder is fixed on upper pressing plate in the form of downwards, the lower end of clamping cylinder telescopic rod is fixed on bottom horizontal plate through the through-hole of upper pressing plate.This composite board hot press forming equipment has the advantages of small floor area, combined strip material conveying smooth and stable, can effectively ensure the low energy consumption and stable operation of overall equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a hot pressing equipment and process for high-rigidity composite panels, belonging to the field of continuous hot pressing technology for composite panels. Background Technology

[0002] Existing composite panel hot pressing equipment typically includes a strip roll assembly frame, a lamination mechanism, a fixed-length cutting device, a pulling and feeding device, a pressing device assembly, and a sheet scrap cutting device arranged in sequence. The lamination mechanism is used to stack the unfolded strips on the strip roll assembly frame in sequence to form a composite strip. The fixed-length cutting device is used to cut the composite strip to a fixed length. The pulling and feeding device is used to pull the composite strip at the lamination mechanism towards the pressing device assembly and place the fixed-length cut composite strip on the longitudinal conveyor device in front of the pressing device assembly. The fixed-length cut composite strip enters the pressing device assembly to complete hot pressing and cold pressing. Finally, the scrap cutting device is used to cut the pressed sheet to complete the hot pressing of the composite panel. In this scheme, the traction and unloading device serves both to unwind the strip and to move the cut composite strip. The existing traction and unloading device consists of a longitudinally moving bottom plate and an upper pressure plate mounted above the bottom plate via a vertical cylinder. The vertical movement of the vertical cylinder achieves clamping and releasing of the composite strip, while the longitudinal movement achieves traction and conveying of the composite strip. In the existing traction and unloading device, the comb teeth on the front edge of the bottom plate are fixed. To ensure effective clamping of the composite strip, the gap between the bottom plate and the upper pressure plate needs to be relatively large in actual use, resulting in high energy consumption. When the composite strip needs to be pulled into position and released, the traction and unloading device needs to move forward a certain distance after releasing the bottom plate and the upper pressure plate, resulting in high energy consumption, large size of the longitudinal conveying device, and complex control program. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned technical deficiencies of existing composite panel hot pressing equipment by providing a high-rigidity composite panel hot pressing equipment and process. In this equipment, the receiving comb teeth on the front side of the bottom horizontal plate of the traction and feeding device are capable of vertically swinging. The vertical swinging of the feeding comb teeth is linked to the closing and opening of the bottom horizontal plate and the upper pressure plate. This linkage is driven solely by a clamping cylinder used to adjust the gap between the bottom horizontal plate and the upper pressure plate. This effectively solves the problems of existing composite panel hot pressing equipment, such as large gaps in the traction and feeding device during clamping, high energy consumption due to excessive forward movement during feeding, large longitudinal dimensions of the longitudinal conveying device, and complex control programs. Furthermore, the driving structure for the vertical swinging of the receiving comb teeth is simple and reliable, requiring no additional power. Therefore, this composite panel hot pressing equipment has advantages such as simple structure, small footprint, and simple control program. Using this equipment to produce composite panels ensures low energy consumption and smooth conveying of the composite strip, effectively guaranteeing the overall stability of the equipment operation.

[0004] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] A high-rigidity composite sheet hot-pressing forming equipment includes a strip roll assembly frame, a lamination mechanism, a fixed-length cutting device, a pulling and unloading device, a pressing device assembly, and a sheet scrap cutting device arranged sequentially. The lamination mechanism is used to stack the unfolded strips on the strip roll assembly frame together in sequence to form a composite strip. The fixed-length cutting device is used to cut the composite strip to a fixed length. The pulling and unloading device is used to pull the composite strip at the lamination mechanism toward the pressing device assembly. The lamination mechanism includes a base plate and pressure rollers arranged above the base plate. The rear side of the plate is provided with discharge comb teeth; the pulling and feeding device includes a bottom horizontal plate and an upper pressure plate placed above the bottom horizontal plate by a clamping cylinder. The bottom horizontal plate is supported on the bracket between the fixed-length cutting device and the pressing device group by longitudinal moving devices at both ends. The front side of the bottom horizontal plate is provided with receiving comb teeth that can swing up and down and correspond to the discharge comb teeth. The receiving comb teeth and the discharge comb teeth are staggered in the transverse direction. The cylinder body of the clamping cylinder is fixed on the upper pressure plate in a downward position. The lower end of the clamping cylinder telescopic rod passes through the through hole of the upper pressure plate and is fixed on the bottom horizontal plate.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, a high-rigidity composite sheet hot pressing forming equipment and process are provided. In this composite sheet hot pressing forming equipment, the receiving comb teeth on the front side of the bottom horizontal plate of the traction and unloading device can swing up and down, which effectively solves the defects of existing composite sheet hot pressing forming equipment, such as large gaps when the traction and unloading device is clamped, high energy consumption due to the need for more forward movement during unloading, large longitudinal dimensions of the longitudinal conveying device, and complex control programs. This composite sheet hot pressing forming equipment has the advantages of small footprint and smooth and stable conveying of combined strips, and can effectively ensure low energy consumption and stable operation of the overall equipment.

[0007] A further feature of the present invention is that: a plurality of mounting seats are equidistantly arranged on the front side of the bottom horizontal plate, and a horizontal rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in the horizontal through hole of each mounting seat. A receiving comb tooth is fixed on the rod of the horizontal rotating shaft between two adjacent mounting seats; a swing gear is fixed on the rod of the horizontal rotating shaft in the cavity of the mounting seat, and a rack that meshes with the swing gear is fixed on the lower surface of the upper pressure plate. The downward movement of the rack can drive the receiving comb tooth to swing upward, and the upward movement of the rack can drive the receiving comb tooth to swing downward.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the up-and-down swing of the feed comb teeth is designed to be linked with the closing and opening of the bottom horizontal plate and the upper pressure plate. This linkage is driven only by the clamping cylinder used to adjust the gap between the bottom horizontal plate and the upper pressure plate. The up-and-down swing of the feed comb teeth does not require additional power, and the whole process is simple and reliable, with the advantages of low manufacturing and maintenance costs.

[0009] A further feature of the present invention is that a surrounding plate assembly is provided on the outer side of the rack between the upper pressure plate and the bottom horizontal plate. The surrounding plate assembly consists of an upper surrounding plate fixed on the upper pressure plate and a lower surrounding plate fixed on the bottom horizontal plate. The upper surrounding plate and the lower surrounding plate can slide vertically relative to each other.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, a surrounding plate assembly is installed between the upper pressure plate and the bottom horizontal plate. The surrounding plate assembly can protect the rack and effectively prevent impurities from entering the meshing part and causing jamming. It can also effectively ensure the stable operation of the receiving comb teeth swinging up and down.

[0011] A further feature of the present invention is that a swing gear is fixed at each end and the middle of the transverse rotating shaft, and a clamping cylinder is installed at each end and the middle of the upper pressure plate.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the specific arrangement of the swing gear and clamping cylinder is defined. The driving force and driving components are provided at both ends and the middle of the upper pressure plate and the bottom horizontal plate, which effectively improves the stability of the opening and closing of the upper pressure plate and the bottom horizontal plate, as well as the stability of the up and down swing of the receiving comb teeth.

[0013] A further feature of the present invention is that the end of the mounting base is an arc shape coaxial with the transverse rotating shaft through hole, and the hinge part of the receiving comb teeth is also an arc shape.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the hinge parts of the mounting base end and the receiving comb teeth are both set to be arc-shaped. The arc-shaped structure can effectively avoid the jamming of the combined strip due to sharp parts, and can effectively ensure the smooth passage of the combined strip.

[0015] A further provision of the present invention is that a longitudinal conveying device is provided on the support below the fixed-length cutting device and the pressing device group. The longitudinal conveying device is used to convey the strip into the pressing device group, and the longitudinal conveying device is located below the pulling and unloading device.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, a longitudinal conveying device is installed below the fixed-length cutting device and the pressing device group. The longitudinal conveying device can realize the conveying of the fixed-length cut composite strip to the pressing device group by docking with the pulling and feeding device.

[0017] A further feature of the present invention is that the pressure roller is movable up and down and is positioned above the base plate.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the pressure roller in the lamination mechanism is set to be movable up and down, and the gap between the pressure roller and the base plate in the lamination mechanism can be adjusted as needed, so as to realize the stacking and pressing of strips of different thicknesses.

[0019] A further configuration of the present invention is that the pressing device group includes a first-stage hot pressing device, a second-stage hot pressing device, and a cold pressing device arranged sequentially from front to back.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the specific design of the pressing device assembly was defined.

[0021] A process for producing composite panels using the aforementioned high-rigidity composite panel hot-pressing equipment is as follows:

[0022] a. Unfold several strip rolls on the strip roll assembly frame and stack and press them sequentially at the lamination mechanism;

[0023] b. The combined strip material from the outlet of the laminating mechanism is pulled by the pulling and unloading device onto the longitudinal conveying device between the fixed-length cutting device and the pressing device group. When the front end of the combined strip material moves to a set distance, the fixed-length cutting device cuts the combined strip material from the outlet of the laminating mechanism. The pulling and unloading device then releases its grip on the front end of the combined strip material and moves back to the laminating mechanism, causing the combined strip material to fall onto the longitudinal conveying device. The longitudinal conveying device then conveys the fixed-length cut combined strip material into the pressing device group for hot pressing and cold pressing.

[0024] c. The board scrap cutting device cuts the scraps of the board after it has been formed at the outlet of the pressing device assembly.

[0025] A further feature of the present invention is that, in step b above, the clamping and releasing of the combined strip by the pulling and releasing device is directly achieved by pushing with a clamping cylinder.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the process of producing composite panels using the above-mentioned high-rigidity composite panel hot pressing molding equipment has been defined. This production process has the advantages of low energy consumption and smooth and stable conveying of combined strips, which can effectively ensure the production efficiency of composite panels.

[0027] The main beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0028] 1. In the hot pressing forming equipment for composite panels of the present invention, the receiving comb teeth on the front side of the bottom horizontal plate of the pulling and unloading device can swing up and down, which effectively solves the defects of existing hot pressing forming equipment for composite panels, such as large gaps when the pulling and unloading device is clamped, high energy consumption caused by the need to move forward more during unloading, large longitudinal dimensions of the longitudinal conveying device, and complex control program. The hot pressing forming equipment for composite panels has the advantages of small footprint and smooth and stable conveying of combined strip materials, and can effectively ensure low energy consumption and stable operation of the overall equipment.

[0029] 2. The hot pressing molding equipment of the present invention designs the up-and-down swing of the feeding comb teeth to be linked with the closing and opening of the bottom horizontal plate and the upper pressure plate. This linkage is driven only by the clamping cylinder used to adjust the gap between the bottom horizontal plate and the upper pressure plate. The up-and-down swing of the feeding comb teeth does not require additional power, and the whole is simple and reliable, with the advantages of low manufacturing and maintenance costs.

[0030] 3. The hot pressing forming equipment of the present invention is equipped with a surrounding plate group between the upper pressure plate and the bottom horizontal plate. The surrounding plate group can protect the rack and can effectively prevent impurities from entering the meshing part and causing jamming. It can also effectively ensure the stable operation of the receiving comb teeth swinging up and down. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the material pulling and feeding device and the supporting device in this invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the traction and feeding device mounting base in this invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure between the two mounting bases of the material feeding device in this invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a top view of the structure of the material feeding device in this invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a top view of the traction and feeding device of the present invention after removing the upper pressure plate;

[0038] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0039] In the diagram, 1. Strip coil assembly frame; 2. Lamination mechanism; 21. Base plate; 211. Discharge comb; 22. Pressure roller; 23. Adjusting cylinder; 3. Fixed-length cutting device; 4. Pulling and feeding device; 41. Bottom horizontal plate; 411. Receiving comb; 412. Mounting base; 413. Transverse rotating shaft; 414. Swing gear; 415. Rack; 416. Upper enclosure plate; 417. Lower enclosure plate; 42. Upper pressure plate; 43. Clamping cylinder; 431. Telescopic rod; 5. Longitudinal conveying device; 61. First-stage hot pressing device; 62. Second-stage hot pressing device; 63. Cold pressing device; 7. Support frame; 8. Longitudinal moving device. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a high-rigidity composite sheet hot pressing forming equipment includes a strip roll assembly frame 1, a lamination mechanism 2, a fixed-length cutting device 3, a pulling and feeding device 4, a pressing device assembly, and a sheet scrap cutting device arranged in sequence.

[0043] The laminating mechanism 2 is used to stack the unfolded strips on the strip roll assembly frame 1 together in sequence to form a composite strip. The fixed-length cutting device 3 is used to cut the composite strip to a fixed length. The pulling and feeding device 4 is used to pull the composite strip at the laminating mechanism 2 toward the pressing device assembly.

[0044] The laminating mechanism 2 includes a base plate 21 and a pressure roller 22 mounted on the base plate 21. The rear side of the base plate 21 is provided with a discharge comb 211. The pressure roller 22 is mounted on the base plate 21 and can be moved up and down by an adjusting cylinder 23.

[0045] A longitudinal conveying device 5 is installed on the support 7 below the fixed-length cutting device 3 and the pressing device group. The longitudinal conveying device 5 is used to convey the strip into the pressing device group. The longitudinal conveying device 5 is located below the pulling and unloading device 4.

[0046] The pressing device assembly includes a first-stage hot pressing device 61, a second-stage hot pressing device 62, and a cold pressing device 63 arranged sequentially from front to back.

[0047] The pulling and feeding device 4 includes a bottom horizontal plate 41 and an upper pressure plate 42 mounted above the bottom horizontal plate 41 via a clamping cylinder 43. The bottom horizontal plate 41 is mounted on a support 7 between the fixed-length cutting device 3 and the pressing device assembly via longitudinal moving devices 8 at both ends. The front side of the bottom horizontal plate 41 is provided with a receiving comb 411 that can swing up and down and corresponds to the discharge comb 211. The receiving comb 411 and the discharge comb 211 are staggered in the transverse direction. The cylinder body of the clamping cylinder 43 is fixed to the upper pressure plate 42 in a downward position. The lower end of the telescopic rod 431 of the clamping cylinder 43 passes through the through hole of the upper pressure plate 42 and is fixed to the bottom horizontal plate 41. Several mounting seats 412 are equidistantly arranged on the front side of the bottom horizontal plate 41. A transverse rotating shaft 413 is rotatably mounted in the transverse through hole of each mounting seat 412. A receiving comb tooth 411 is fixed on the rod of the transverse rotating shaft 413 between two adjacent mounting seats 412. A swing gear 414 is fixed on the rod of the transverse rotating shaft 413 in the cavity of the mounting seat 412. A rack 415 that meshes with the swing gear 414 is fixed on the lower surface of the upper pressure plate 42. The downward movement of the rack 415 can drive the receiving comb tooth 411 to swing upward, and the upward movement of the rack 415 can drive the receiving comb tooth 411 to swing downward. The end of the mounting seat 412 is an arc shape coaxial with the through hole of the transverse rotating shaft 413, and the hinge part of the receiving comb tooth 411 is also arc-shaped.

[0048] Between the upper pressure plate 42 and the bottom horizontal plate 41, a surrounding plate assembly is provided on the outside of the rack 415. The surrounding plate assembly consists of an upper surrounding plate 416 fixed on the upper pressure plate 42 and a lower surrounding plate 417 fixed on the bottom horizontal plate 41. The upper surrounding plate 416 and the lower surrounding plate 417 can slide vertically relative to each other.

[0049] A swing gear 414 is fixed at both ends and in the middle of the transverse rotating shaft 413, and a clamping cylinder 43 is installed at both ends and in the middle of the upper pressure plate 42.

[0050] The working principle of the pulling and unloading device 4: When the clamping cylinder 43 extends, the gap between the upper pressure plate 42 and the bottom horizontal plate 41 increases. At the same time, through the meshing of the rack 415 and the swing gear 414, the receiving comb 411 swings down, loosening or opening the clamp on the combined strip to facilitate the insertion of the combined strip to be clamped. When the clamping cylinder 43 shortens, the gap between the upper pressure plate 42 and the bottom horizontal plate 41 decreases. At the same time, through the meshing of the rack 415 and the swing gear 414, the receiving comb 411 swings up to clamp the combined strip.

[0051] A process for producing composite panels using the aforementioned high-rigidity composite panel hot-pressing equipment is as follows:

[0052] a. Unfold several strip rolls on the strip roll assembly frame 1 and stack and press them sequentially at the lamination mechanism 2;

[0053] b. The combined strip material from the outlet of the laminating mechanism 2 is pulled by the pulling and unloading device 4 onto the longitudinal conveying device 5 between the fixed-length cutting device 3 and the pressing device group. When the front end of the combined strip material moves to a set distance, the fixed-length cutting device 3 cuts the combined strip material from the outlet of the laminating mechanism 2. The pulling and unloading device 4 then releases the clamp on the front end of the combined strip material and moves back to the laminating mechanism 2, causing the combined strip material to fall onto the longitudinal conveying device 5. The longitudinal conveying device 5 then conveys the fixed-length cut combined strip material into the pressing device group for hot pressing and cold pressing.

[0054] c. The board scrap cutting device cuts the scraps of the board after it has been formed at the outlet of the pressing device assembly.

[0055] In step b above, the clamping and releasing of the combined strip by the pulling and releasing device 4 is directly achieved by pushing the clamping cylinder 43.

Claims

1. A high-rigidity composite sheet hot-press forming equipment, comprising a strip roll combination frame (1), a lamination mechanism (2), a fixed-length cutting device (3), a pulling and feeding device (4), a pressing device group and a sheet edge and corner cutting device arranged in sequence, the lamination mechanism (2) is used for stacking the strips unfolded from the strip roll combination frame (1) in sequence to form a combination strip, the fixed-length cutting device (3) is used for cutting the combination strip in fixed length, and the pulling and feeding device (4) is used for pulling the combination strip at the lamination mechanism (2) to the direction of the pressing device group, characterized in that, The laminating mechanism (2) comprises a bottom plate (21) and a compression roller (22) arranged above the bottom plate (21), and the rear side of the bottom plate (21) is provided with a discharging comb (211); the pulling and discharging device (4) comprises a bottom horizontal plate (41) and an upper pressing plate (42) arranged above the bottom horizontal plate (41) through a clamping cylinder (43), the bottom horizontal plate (41) is arranged on the support (7) between the fixed-length cutting device (3) and the pressing device group through the longitudinal moving device (8) at both ends of the bottom horizontal plate (41), the front side of the bottom horizontal plate (41) is provided with a material receiving comb (411) which can swing up and down and corresponds to the discharging comb (211), the material receiving comb (411) and the discharging comb (211) are arranged staggered in the transverse direction, the cylinder body of the clamping cylinder (43) is fixed on the upper pressing plate (42) in the form of facing down, and the lower end of the telescopic rod (431) of the clamping cylinder (43) is fixed on the bottom horizontal plate (41) through the through hole of the upper pressing plate (42).

2. The high-rigidity composite sheet thermoforming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of mounting seats (412) are equidistantly arranged on the front side of the bottom horizontal plate (41), a transverse rotating shaft (413) is rotatably arranged in the transverse through hole of each mounting seat (412), and the rod body of the transverse rotating shaft (413) between the two adjacent mounting seats (412) is fixed with the material receiving comb (411); the rod body of the transverse rotating shaft (413) in the cavity of the mounting seat (412) is fixed with a swing gear (414), the lower surface of the upper pressing plate (42) is fixed with a rack (415) engaged with the swing gear (414), the downward movement of the rack (415) can drive the upward swing of the material receiving comb (411), and the upward movement of the rack (415) can drive the downward swing of the material receiving comb (411).

3. The high-rigidity composite sheet thermoforming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein Between the upper pressing plate (42) and the bottom horizontal plate (41), a surrounding plate group is arranged on the outer side of the rack (415), the surrounding plate group comprises an upper surrounding plate (416) fixed on the upper pressing plate (42) and a lower surrounding plate (417) fixed on the bottom horizontal plate (41), and the upper surrounding plate (416) and the lower surrounding plate (417) can vertically slide relative to each other.

4. The high-rigidity composite sheet thermoforming apparatus according to claim 3, wherein The two ends and the middle part of the transverse rotating shaft (413) are respectively fixed with a swing gear (414), and the two ends and the middle part of the upper pressing plate (42) are respectively arranged with a clamping cylinder (43).

5. The high-rigidity composite sheet thermoforming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein The end part of the mounting seat (412) is a circular arc shape coaxial with the through hole of the transverse rotating shaft (413), and the hinged part of the material receiving comb (411) is also a circular arc shape.

6. The high-rigidity composite sheet thermoforming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The lower support (7) between the fixed-length cutting device (3) and the pressing device group is provided with a longitudinal conveying device (5), the longitudinal conveying device (5) is used for conveying the strip into the pressing device group, and the longitudinal conveying device (5) is located below the pulling and discharging device (4).

7. The high-rigidity composite sheet thermoforming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The compression roller (22) is movably arranged above the bottom plate (21).

8. The high-rigidity composite sheet thermoforming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The pressing device group comprises a first-stage hot pressing device (61), a second-stage hot pressing device (62) and a cold pressing device (63) arranged in sequence from front to back.

9. A process for producing a composite sheet material using the high-rigidity composite sheet material hot press molding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by, The process is specifically as follows: a. Unfold several strip coils on the strip coil combination rack (1) and stack and press them in order at the laminating mechanism (2); b. Use the pulling and feeding device (4) to pull the combination strip at the discharge port of the laminating mechanism (2) to the longitudinal conveying device (5) between the fixed-length cutting device (3) and the pressing device group, when the front end of the combination strip moves to the set distance, the fixed-length cutting device (3) cuts the combination strip at the discharge port of the laminating mechanism (2), the pulling and feeding device (4) immediately releases the clamping of the front end of the combination strip and moves back to the laminating mechanism (2), so that the combination strip falls onto the longitudinal conveying device (5), and the longitudinal conveying device (5) conveys the combination strip after fixed-length cutting into the pressing device group for hot pressing and cold pressing; c. The plate edge and corner cutting device cuts the edge and corner of the plate after the plate is formed at the discharge port of the pressing device group.

10. The process for producing a composite board according to claim 9, wherein, In the step b, the clamping and releasing of the combination strip by the pulling and feeding device (4) are directly realized by the pushing of the clamping cylinder (43).

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