A method for feeding cattle

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of livestock breeding, and specifically to a feeding method for cattle, comprising: feeding twice a day; feeding roughage first and then nutritious concentrated feed each time; and freely drinking nutritious drinking water every day. The preparation of the nutritious concentrated feed first comprises crushing grape branches, adding a pickling agent and clean water, pickling, and filtering to obtain a pickling liquid and pickled broken branches, and then rolling and stirring the pickled broken branches and adding the concentrated feed, stirring evenly, granulating, and drying to obtain the nutritious concentrated feed. The nutritious drinking water is prepared by adding the pickling liquid to clean water in a certain proportion. After consuming the nutritious cattle feed of the present application, the average monthly weight gain of the cattle is also greatly improved to 62.69kg, which is 38.38% higher than that of consuming ordinary feed. In combination with the nutritious drinking water prepared with the pickling liquid, the average monthly weight gain of the cattle can reach 67.73kg, which is 49.51% higher than that of ordinary feeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry, and in particular to a cattle feeding method. Background Art

[0002] Grapes are a kind of fruit widely cultivated in my country, especially in the northwest region, where the output is particularly outstanding. For example, Ningxia has become the largest production area of ​​high-quality wine grapes in my country. In the process of grape planting, it is essential to prune the grape branches every year. Large-scale grape planting will inevitably produce a large number of discarded grape branches during the pruning process. If these discarded grape branches are not actively handled, they will not only occupy land resources, but also easily cause diseases and insect pests after the discarded grape branches are piled up for a long time, affecting the ecological environment. According to research, although the lignin content of grape branches is high, the nutritional value is also good. Grape branches contain 9.0% crude protein, 8.56% crude fat, 29.8% crude fiber, 47.58% nitrogen-free extract, 5.06% ash, and a total of 19.8MJ; at the same time, grapes have few diseases and insect pests, which makes their branches low in drug residues, making them a high-quality forage resource. The Materia Medica records its effects of promoting urination, clearing the small intestine, and reducing swelling.

[0003] The Northwest region has a developed animal husbandry industry, and the feeding of ruminants such as cattle and sheep requires a large amount of forage. Therefore, relying on the grape industry, the large amount of grape branches with rich nutritional value obtained by pruning can be used as feed to produce complete daily feed or supplementary feed for cattle and sheep required for fattening. It can not only effectively deal with grape branch waste, but also alleviate the shortage of forage, and make full use of its rich nutrition to breed more herbivorous animals, promoting the development of local animal husbandry. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, in view of the current situation that the amount of pruned grape branches in the prior art is large but the utilization rate is low, it is necessary to develop a method of utilizing grape branches in feed to produce a complete daily diet feed or supplementary feed required for fattening cattle. Therefore, the present invention provides a feeding method for cattle, which uses a nutritious concentrated feed prepared based on grape branches as a daily diet for cattle. The nutritious concentrated feed has a high digestibility and absorption rate, thereby promoting cattle fattening, and at the same time making full use of grape branch waste to alleviate the shortage of forage.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0006] A feeding method for cattle comprises the following steps:

[0007] Feed twice a day, the first feeding time is from 6:00 to 8:00, and the second feeding time is from 16:00 to 18:00; feed roughage first, then nutritious concentrated feed each time; drink nutritious drinking water freely every day;

[0008] The nutritious concentrated feed and the nutritious drinking water are prepared by the following method:

[0009] S10. The pruned grape branches are washed, soil and broken leaves are removed, dried, and crushed into particles less than 2 cm to obtain broken branches;

[0010] S20. The pickling agent and water are mixed and stirred evenly according to a first ratio to obtain an initial pickling liquid;

[0011] S30. Add the shredded branches into a pickling container, compact them, and then add the primary pickling liquid, wherein the amount of the primary pickling liquid added is based on the amount of the shredded branches that can be immersed, and pickle at a specified temperature for a specified time to obtain a mixed pickled material A;

[0012] S40. The mixed pickled material A is filtered to obtain pickling liquid and pickled broken branches;

[0013] S50. Adding the pickling liquid to water in a second ratio to obtain the nutritious drinking water;

[0014] S60. The pickled shredded branches are fully crushed and stirred to obtain a paste-like pickled substance B;

[0015] S70. Add the paste-like pickled material B to the concentrated feed according to the third ratio, stir evenly, granulate, and dry to obtain the nutritious concentrated feed.

[0016] Preferably, in the above cattle feeding method, in step S20, the pickling agent includes the following components in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts of cellulase, 1 to 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1 to 2 parts of Bacillus, 20 to 50 parts of sucrose, and 10 to 50 parts of the pickling liquid.

[0017] Preferably, in the above cattle feeding method, in step S20, the first ratio is 1:200 to 1:300.

[0018] Preferably, in the above cattle feeding method, in step S30, the designated temperature is 20°C to 30°C.

[0019] Preferably, in the above cattle feeding method, in step S30, the designated time is 15 to 20 days.

[0020] Preferably, in the above cattle feeding method, in step S40, the water content of the pickled chopped branches is 30% to 40%.

[0021] Preferably, in the above cattle feeding method, in step S50, the second ratio is 1:1000 to 1:2000.

[0022] Preferably, in the above cattle feeding method, in step S70, the third ratio is 1:5 to 1:8.

[0023] Preferably, in the above cattle feeding method, in step S70, the third ratio is 1:6.

[0024] Preferably, in the above-mentioned cattle feeding method, in step S70, the concentrated feed includes the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 30 parts of corn flour, 5 to 10 parts of soybean cake, 15 to 25 parts of wheat bran, 5 to 8 parts of wine lees, 1 to 2 parts of baking soda, and 1 to 2 parts of table salt.

[0025] The technical solution adopted in this application can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0026] In the feeding method for cattle disclosed in the present application, the preparation steps of nutritious concentrated feed include: washing the pruned grape branches, removing soil and broken leaves, drying, and crushing into granules less than 2 cm to obtain granular branches; mixing the pickling agent and clean water in a certain proportion and stirring evenly to obtain a primary pickling liquid; adding the granular branches into a pickling container, compacting, and then adding the primary pickling liquid, the amount of the primary pickling liquid added is based on the amount that can immerse the granular branches, pickling at a specified temperature for a specified time to obtain a mixed pickled material A; filtering the mixed pickled material A to obtain a pickling liquid and pickled granular branches; adding the pickling liquid to clean water in a certain proportion to obtain nutritious drinking water; fully crushing and stirring the pickled granular branches to obtain a paste-like pickled material B; adding the paste-like pickled material B to the concentrated feed, stirring evenly, granulating, and drying to obtain nutritious concentrated feed. The grape branches are pickled and further processed and then mixed with concentrated feed to form granules. The obtained nutritious concentrated feed can improve the palatability of the grape branches. The crude fiber, crude fat and crude protein in the grape branches can be decomposed into small molecular nutrients that are easily digestible and absorbable through pickling, so that the nutrients in the grape branches are fully utilized. At the same time, the pickled branches also contain lactic acid bacteria, which can promote gastrointestinal digestion of the concentrated feed and better absorb the nutrients in the concentrated feed. Experimental data show that the average monthly weight gain of cattle eating the nutritious concentrated feed of the present application is also greatly improved to 62.69 kg, which is 38.38% higher than that of cattle eating ordinary feed.

[0027] The feeding method of cattle in the present application adds pickling liquid to clean water in a certain proportion to obtain nutritious drinking water. Feeding cattle with nutritious drinking water can stimulate appetite, and the average monthly weight gain of cattle is also higher than that of cattle drinking ordinary clean water under the same feed, indicating that the pickling liquid can improve the absorption of nutrients by cattle and promote fattening. Experiments show that using the nutritious concentrated feed of the present application as concentrated feed, combined with nutritious drinking water prepared with pickling liquid, the average monthly weight gain of cattle can reach 67.73kg, which is 49.51% higher than that of ordinary feeding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] For ease of understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to relevant embodiments. The preferred embodiments of the present application are provided in the embodiments. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present application more thoroughly understood.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0030] The present application embodiment discloses a cattle feeding method, comprising the following steps:

[0031] Feed twice a day, the first feeding time is from 6:00 to 8:00, and the second feeding time is from 16:00 to 18:00; feed roughage first, then nutritious concentrated feed each time; drink nutritious drinking water freely every day;

[0032] The nutritious concentrated feed and the nutritious drinking water are prepared by the following method:

[0033] S10. The pruned grape branches are washed, soil and broken leaves are removed, dried, and crushed into particles less than 2 cm to obtain broken branches;

[0034] Specifically, since the grape branches need to be pickled in the subsequent steps, in order to avoid impurities such as soil and broken leaves affecting the quality of the pickled product during the pickling process, the untreated grape branches need to be washed and dried. In order to make the pickling more complete and improve the pickling efficiency, the grape branches need to be crushed into particles. The smaller the particles, the more helpful they are for pickling. Normally, they should be crushed to less than 2 cm.

[0035] S20. Mix the pickling agent and clean water in a first ratio and stir evenly to obtain a primary pickling solution; pickling requires that the pickled object is completely immersed in the primary pickling solution, and the composition and concentration of the primary pickling solution directly affect the pickling effect, so appropriate pickling agent ingredients and concentrations should be prepared according to actual needs. Therefore, as a preferred embodiment, the pickling agent includes the following components by weight: 1 to 2 parts of cellulase, 1 to 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1 to 2 parts of bacillus, 20 to 50 parts of sucrose, and 10 to 50 parts of the pickling solution.

[0036] Cellulase (English: cellulase) is a kind of enzyme that plays a biological catalytic role in decomposing cellulose. It is a protein that can decompose cellulose into oligosaccharides or monosaccharides. There are many types of cellulases and their sources are very wide. The structure and function of cellulases from different sources vary greatly. Since fungal cellulases have high yields and high activity, the cellulases used in animal husbandry and feed industries are mainly fungal cellulases. Fungal cellulases are preferred in this application. Grape branches contain 29.8% crude fiber, which is not easily digested by cattle after being eaten. Cellulase can decompose cellulose into oligosaccharide or monosaccharide proteins, making it easier for cattle to digest and absorb after eating.

[0037] The pickled chopped branches are made through anaerobic fermentation of a mixture of microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus). The presence of Bacillus creates an anaerobic environment for the growth and reproduction of lactic acid bacteria, and the large-scale reproduction of lactic acid bacteria produces lactic acid, which lowers the pH value. This gives the pickled chopped branches a sour aroma, and the chopped branches become homogeneous and fluffy after pickling, which improves the palatability and stimulates the cattle's feed intake.

[0038] Sucrose is a carbohydrate in terms of its composition and essence, and carbohydrates can provide sufficient fermentation substrate for the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria. Its function is to promote the fermentation and growth of lactic acid bacteria and ultimately achieve higher fermentation quality.

[0039] The pickling liquid is the liquid produced during the pickling process, which contains oligosaccharides, small molecule proteins, and some lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus and other substances. Adding the pickling liquid to the pickling agent in the subsequent pickling process can increase the active lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus in the subsequent initial pickling liquid, resulting in a better pickling effect.

[0040] If the concentration of the initial pickling liquid is too high, it is easy to over-pickling and produce corrupt substances; if the concentration of the initial pickling liquid is too low, it will lead to too long pickling time and affect the pickling efficiency. Therefore, as a preferred embodiment, the first ratio, that is, the weight ratio of the pickling agent and clean water is 1:200 to 1:300.

[0041] S30. Add the chopped branches into a pickling container, compact them, and then add the primary pickling liquid, wherein the amount of the primary pickling liquid added is based on the amount that can immerse the chopped branches, and pickle them at a specified temperature for a specified time to obtain a mixed pickled material A; the untreated grape branches have a hard texture, poor palatability, a high cellulose content, and are not easy to digest. The chopped branches treated by pickling have a sour aroma, and are homogenous and fluffy after pickling, thereby improving the palatability of the chopped branches, stimulating the appetite of cattle, and increasing the feed intake.

[0042] In order to make the pickling more complete, all the shredded branches are completely soaked in the primary pickling liquid, and the amount of the primary pickling liquid added should be enough to immerse the shredded branches when the shredded branches are compacted. The wet material is sealed in a pickling container for pickling. Preferably, the temperature in the pickling container should be controlled at 20° C. to 30° C., and the mixed product A can be obtained after fermentation for 15 to 20 days.

[0043] S40. Filter the mixed pickled material A to obtain pickling liquid and pickled branch pieces.

[0044] In addition to the pickled shredded branches, the mixed pickled material A also contains water, oligosaccharides, small molecule proteins, and some lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus and other substances produced during the pickling process. These substances are dissolved in the water of the mixed pickled material A. The mixed pickled material A is filtered to obtain pickled shredded branches and pickling liquid. The components of the pickling liquid include the above-mentioned water, oligosaccharides, small molecule proteins, and some lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus and other substances. Oligosaccharides and small molecule proteins are nutrients that are easily digested and absorbed by cattle. Bacillus can produce a variety of digestive enzymes to help animals digest and absorb nutrients. Bacillus has strong protease, amylase and lipase activities, and also has enzymes that degrade complex carbohydrates in feed, such as pectinase, glucanase, cellulase, etc. These enzymes can destroy the cell walls of plant feed cells, promote the release of nutrients in the cells, and eliminate anti-nutritional factors in the feed, reducing the obstacles of anti-nutritional factors to animal digestion and utilization. Lactic acid bacteria can play many physiological functions in animals. Lactic acid bacteria can promote animal growth; regulate normal gastrointestinal flora; maintain microecological balance, improve gastrointestinal function; improve food digestibility and biological value; inhibit the growth of putrefactive bacteria in the intestines, improve the body's immunity, etc. Therefore, the filtered pickling liquid can be used as cattle feed, which can improve cattle's absorption of nutrients and promote fattening.

[0045] Preferably, the moisture content of the pickled chopped branches is 30% to 40%. The moisture content of the pickled chopped branches affects their moistness and fluffy state. In order to facilitate subsequent processing, the moisture content of the pickled chopped branches is preferably 30% to 40%. It is easier to prepare into a paste at this moisture content.

[0046] S50. Add clean water to the pickling liquid according to the second ratio to obtain nutritious drinking water.

[0047] If the content of pickling liquid in the nutritious drinking water is too much, the palatability is poor, which affects the drinking of cattle; if the content of pickling liquid is too little, the beneficial effect is not obvious. Therefore, as a preferred embodiment, the second ratio, that is, the weight ratio of pickling liquid to clean water is 1:1000 to 1:2000.

[0048] S60. Fully crush and stir the pickled chopped branches to obtain a paste-like pickled substance B.

[0049] Although the palatability of the pickled shredded branches is greatly improved after pickling, and direct feeding can promote cattle's feeding to a certain extent, it is not fully utilized. From the experimental data, it can be seen that although the proportion of pickled branches in the daily residual material has dropped from 98% to 70%, it is still a large waste. Considering that the pickled shredded branches have become a moist, homogeneous, and fluffy state at this time, further processing can be carried out to further improve the palatability and feeding rate. Therefore, the pickled shredded branches are crushed and fully stirred to obtain a paste-like pickled material B.

[0050] S70. Add the paste-like pickled material B to the concentrated feed according to the third ratio, stir evenly, granulate, and dry to obtain a nutritious concentrated feed.

[0051] Concentrated feed is a type of feed with less crude fiber, higher digestibility, and higher nutritional value per unit weight or volume, which provides most of the nutrients for cattle growth. The paste-like pickled material B obtained by pickling grape branches is added to the concentrated feed to promote cattle's feeding and digestion and absorption of feed, and partially replace the concentrated feed without reducing the comprehensive absorbable nutrients. The mixture of the paste-like pickled material B and the concentrated feed is compressed and granulated by a compression granulator, and dried to obtain a finished nutritious concentrated feed. The granulated particle size is 0.3 cm to 0.4 cm, which is convenient for cattle to eat and package and store.

[0052] Preferably, the third ratio, that is, the weight ratio of the paste-like pickle B to the concentrated feed is 1:5 to 1:8, and further, the third ratio is 1:6. Concentrated feed provides most of the nutrients for cattle production. Too little concentrated feed will result in insufficient nutrition and be detrimental to cattle growth; too much concentrated feed and too little paste-like pickle B will not achieve the purpose of fully utilizing the grape branches.

[0053] Furthermore, the concentrated feed includes the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 30 parts of corn flour, 5 to 10 parts of soybean cake, 15 to 25 parts of wheat bran, 5 to 8 parts of wine lees, 1 to 2 parts of baking soda, and 1 to 2 parts of salt.

[0054] Concentrated feed can be selected from commonly used cattle concentrate feeds, such as corn, barley, soybeans, bran, bean (oil) cakes, rice bran, corn husks, dregs, etc., mixed with some minerals and trace elements. This scheme gives priority to the use of corn flour, bean cake, wheat bran, wine lees, and adding appropriate amounts of baking soda and salt. Wine lees are solid wastes such as grape skins, seeds and stems produced in large quantities during the winemaking process. Wine lees are rich in protein and vitamin B, and have the effects of appetizing, strengthening the spleen, increasing appetite and fattening. Adding wine lees to the nutritional concentrated feed of this application can not only supplement nutrients, but also effectively utilize the rates generated by grape winemaking, saving costs.

[0055] The following specific comparative test examples are used to further illustrate the technical solution and technical effects of the present application. It should be noted that the following comparative test examples are only for further explaining the present application and do not limit the technical solution of the present application.

[0056] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all parts and percentages are by weight, and the equipment and raw materials used can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the art. The methods in the following embodiments are all conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified.

[0057] Embodiment 1:

[0058] 1. Experimental materials and methods

[0059] 60 healthy 6-7 month old Simmental cattle from Ningxia Wanmushan Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. were randomly divided into 6 groups, 10 in each group. The cattle were fed with a diet twice a day, the first feeding time was 7:00 and the second feeding time was 17:00; each time they were fed with roughage first and then with concentrated feed; they were fed with fixed fixed quantity by a designated person and had free access to drinking water; the experimental period was 30 days.

[0060] Before the experiment, the cattle sheds were repaired and disinfected, and all cattle were dewormed internally and externally to reduce the impact of the cattle shed environment and parasites on the nutritional metabolism of cattle. After random grouping, the cattle were numbered uniformly and raised in groups. The sheds were kept in good sanitary and epidemic prevention conditions and environmental conditions. During the experiment, attention was paid to observing the feeding and disease conditions.

[0061] 1.1 Purchase conventional concentrated feed. The conventional concentrated feed is the complete mixed feed of Ningxia Benniu Feed Co., Ltd.; the conventional roughage is rice straw.

[0062] 1.2 Preparation of pickled paste B and pickling liquid

[0063] The pruned grape branches are washed, soil and broken leaves are removed, dried, and crushed into granules less than 2 cm to obtain granular branches; the cellulase, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, and sucrose in the pickling agent are mixed in the weight proportions shown in Table 1, and then mixed and stirred evenly with clean water in the proportions shown in Table 1 to obtain a primary pickling liquid; the granular branches are added into a pickling container, compacted, and then the primary pickling liquid is added, the amount of the primary pickling liquid added is based on the amount that can immerse the granular branches, and pickled at 30°C for 15 days to obtain a mixed pickled material A; the mixed pickled material A is filtered to obtain a pickling liquid and pickled granular branches; the pickled granular branches are fully crushed and stirred to obtain a paste-like pickled material B.

[0064] Table 1 Composition of different initial pickling liquids and pickling liquids and paste pickles obtained by pickling grape crushed branches

[0065]

[0066] 2. Experiments with different diet compositions

[0067] Blank group: fed 13kg roughage and 2.5kg regular concentrated feed each time, and allowed to drink water freely;

[0068] Comparative group: each meal was fed with 13kg roughage, 2.5kg of a mixture of conventional concentrate feed and crushed branches (where the mass ratio of conventional concentrate feed to crushed branches was 7:1), and free access to clean water;

[0069] Experimental Example 1: Each time, the rats were fed with 13 kg of roughage, 2.5 kg of a mixture of conventional concentrated feed and pickled shredded branches 1 (where the mass ratio of conventional concentrated feed to pickled shredded branches 1 was 7:1), and were allowed to drink water freely;

[0070] Experimental Example 2: Each time, the rats were fed with 13 kg of roughage, 2.5 kg of a mixture of conventional concentrated feed and pickled shredded branches 2 (where the mass ratio of conventional concentrated feed to pickled shredded branches 2 was 7:1), and were allowed to drink water freely;

[0071] Experimental Example 3: Each time, the rats were fed with 13 kg of roughage, 2.5 kg of a mixture of conventional concentrate feed and pickled shredded branches 3 (where the mass ratio of conventional concentrate feed to pickled shredded branches 3 was 7:1), and were allowed to drink water freely;

[0072] Experimental Example 4: Each time, the rats were fed with 13 kg of roughage, 2.5 kg of a mixture of conventional concentrate feed and pickled shredded branches 4 (where the mass ratio of conventional concentrate feed to pickled shredded branches 4 was 7:1), and were allowed to drink water freely;

[0073] The daily weight of residual material and the proportion of grape branches in the residual material were measured; the average weight gain of each cow in 30 days was measured. The specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0074] Table 2 Data summary of Example 1

[0075]

[0076] Note: In the above table, when calculating the average monthly weight gain data of cattle, the situation where the cattle's normal eating and growth were affected by illness and other reasons was excluded. Specifically, when the experimental cattle became sick or unwell, they were isolated and excluded from the experimental group to ensure the accuracy of the calculated data.

[0077] As can be seen from the table above, the average monthly weight gain of the blank group, i.e. the cattle fed in the normal way, was 45.3kg, which was in line with the normal growth and development level of cattle at this stage. In the control group, when 1 / 8 of the normally fed concentrate feed was replaced with uncured crushed grape branches, the average daily residual feed increased significantly, of which 98% of the residual feed was uncured grape branches, that is, almost none of the uncured grape branches were eaten. The reason for this phenomenon is probably that the uncured grape branches have too much crude fiber, a hard taste, and poor palatability, which makes cattle dislike eating. Because 1 / 8 of the concentrate feed was replaced with uncured crushed grape branches, and this 1 / 8 of the uncured crushed grape branches was not eaten, that is, the concentrate feed intake of this group of cattle was reduced by 1 / 8, so the average monthly growth was lower than the average monthly weight gain of cattle fed in the normal way.

[0078] The cattle feed of Experimental Examples 1 to 4 replaced 1 / 8 of the normally fed concentrated feed with pickled broken grape branches. Since pickling is made by mixed anaerobic fermentation of microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria and bacillus), the presence of bacillus creates an anaerobic environment for the growth and reproduction of lactic acid bacteria, and the large-scale reproduction of lactic acid bacteria produces lactic acid, which reduces the pH value, which makes the pickled broken branches have a sour aroma, and the broken branches are homogenized and fluffy after pickling, thereby improving the palatability and stimulating the cattle's feed intake. Therefore, the proportion of grape branches in the residual material is also reduced, but still accounts for a large proportion. The pickled grape branches are not completely eaten, so the average monthly weight gain is improved on the basis of the comparative ratio, but it is still lower than the average monthly weight gain of cattle fed according to the normal method.

[0079] Among them, the grape branches accounted for the smallest proportion in the residual materials in Experimental Example 4, indicating that the broken branches 4 pickled with the primary pickling liquid 4 have the best palatability, and cattle prefer to eat them compared with the broken branches pickled with other primary pickling liquids. The average monthly weight gain of cattle in Experimental Example 4 is greater than the average monthly weight gain of cattle in Experimental Examples 1 to 3, indicating that the absorbable nutrients in the pickled broken branches 4 are more than those in the other pickled broken branches, and are easy to absorb, so the broken branches 4 can be further processed to prepare nutritious concentrated feed. Since the pickling effect of the primary pickling liquid 4 is better, the corresponding pickling liquid 4 has good activity and high content of microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, and the content of small molecule nutrients is also relatively high, so the pickling liquid 4 can be used to prepare nutritious drinking water.

[0080] Embodiment 2:

[0081] 1. Experimental materials and methods

[0082] The experimental cattle were 72 healthy 6-7 month old Simmental cattle from Ningxia Wanmushan Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., randomly divided into 12 groups, 6 in each group. The experimental cattle were supplied with daily rations twice a day, the first feeding time was 7:00 and the second feeding time was 17:00; each time they were fed with roughage first, and then nutritious concentrated feed; fixed personnel were used to feed them in fixed quantities, and they were free to drink water; the experimental period was 30 days.

[0083] Before the experiment, the cattle sheds were repaired and disinfected, and all cattle were dewormed internally and externally to reduce the impact of the cattle shed environment and parasites on the nutritional metabolism of cattle. After random grouping, the cattle were numbered uniformly and raised in groups. The sheds were kept in good sanitary and epidemic prevention conditions and environmental conditions. During the experiment, attention was paid to observing the feeding and disease conditions.

[0084] 1.1 The conventional roughage is rice straw.

[0085] 1.2 Preparation of nutritious concentrated feed: Add the paste-like pickled material B4 to the concentrated feed. The concentrated feed is obtained according to the ratio shown in Table 3. The weight ratio of the paste-like pickled material B4 to the concentrated feed is 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, and 1:8 respectively. After stirring evenly, granulation and drying are performed to obtain nutritious concentrated feed, see Table 4.

[0086] Table 3 Main components of concentrated feed (parts by weight)

[0087] Concentrated feed group Corn flour cake Wheat bran Grape lees baking soda salt Concentrated feed 1 20 10 25 8 1 2 Concentrated feed 2 25 7 20 7 1 1 Concentrated feed 3 30 5 15 5 2 1

[0088] Table 4 Main components of nutritional concentrate feed

[0089]

[0090] 2. Experiments with different diet compositions

[0091] Experimental Examples 5 to 16: Each time, 13 kg of roughage was fed, and 2.5 kg of nutritious concentrated feed 1 to nutritious concentrated feed 13 were fed respectively, and the rats were allowed to drink water freely;

[0092] The daily residual weight was measured; the average weight gain of each cow over 30 days was measured. See Table 5 for specific results.

[0093] Table 5 Data summary of Experimental Examples 5 to 16

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] Note: In the above table, when calculating the average monthly weight gain data of cattle, the situation where the cattle's normal eating and growth were affected by illness and other reasons was excluded. Specifically, when the experimental cattle became sick or unwell, they were isolated and excluded from the experimental group to ensure the accuracy of the calculated data.

[0097] Experimental Examples 5 to 16 are for feeding cattle with the nutritious concentrate feed of the present application. As can be seen from Table 5, the average daily residual weight is greatly reduced. The fermented grape branches are processed and mixed with the concentrate feed to become new nutritious concentrate feed, which is completely eaten and not left behind. The residual materials are all roughage. The average monthly weight gain of cattle is also greatly increased, with a maximum of 63.30 kg, which is 39.74% higher than the blank case, i.e., feeding conventional concentrate feed. After pickling, the crude fiber of the grape branches is decomposed into oligosaccharides and small molecular proteins, which are easily absorbed. The grape branches themselves also contain crude fat and crude protein, which are decomposed into easily absorbed small molecules after pickling. The nutrients of the grape branches are absorbed to the greatest extent, and the pickled branches also contain lactic acid bacteria, which can promote the digestion of the concentrate feed by the gastrointestinal tract, so that the nutrients in the concentrate feed are better absorbed, so the average monthly weight gain of cattle is also greater.

[0098] It can also be seen from Table 6 that in Experimental Examples 9 to 12, i.e., the nutritional concentrate feed prepared by mixing the paste-like pickled material B4 and the concentrated feed 2, the average monthly weight gain of cattle after consumption can reach more than 60 kg. Among them, Experimental Example 12, i.e., the nutritional concentrate feed 8, has the largest average monthly weight gain of cattle after consumption, which is 63.30 kg, but the weight ratio of the paste-like pickled material 4 to the concentrated feed 2 is 1:8, that is, the paste-like pickled material B4 added to the nutritional concentrate feed 8 is also the least, and the amount of concentrated feed added is relatively the largest, which will cause the production cost of the nutritional concentrate feed to be high. Experimental Examples 10 and 11, the average monthly weight gain of cattle after consumption is 62.69 kg and 62.71 kg respectively, and the difference between the two values ​​is not large, but the paste-like pickled material B4 added to the nutritional concentrate feed 6 in Experimental Example 10, i.e., the nutritional concentrate feed 6, is more than that in Experimental Example 11, that is, the concentrated feed added in Experimental Example 10 is less than that in Experimental Example 11, and the production cost of the nutritional concentrate feed 6 in Experimental Example 10 is relatively low. Taking into account the average weight gain and production cost of cattle, while ensuring that the average monthly weight gain of cattle is at a higher value, add as much pickled grape branches as possible and reduce the addition of corresponding concentrated feed to reduce costs. Then the nutritional concentrated feed 6 of Experimental Example 10, that is, the weight ratio of the paste pickle B4 and the concentrated feed 2 is 1:6, which is the optimal choice for this application.

[0099] Embodiment 3:

[0100] 1. Experimental materials and methods

[0101] The experimental cattle were 72 healthy 6-7 month old Simmental cattle from Ningxia Wanmushan Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., randomly divided into 12 groups, 6 in each group. The experimental cattle were supplied with daily rations twice a day, the first feeding time was 7:00 and the second feeding time was 17:00; each time they were fed with roughage first and then nutritious concentrated feed; fixed personnel were used to feed them in fixed quantities, and they were free to drink nutritious drinking water; the experimental period was 30 days.

[0102] Before the experiment, the cattle sheds were repaired and disinfected, and all cattle were dewormed internally and externally to reduce the impact of the cattle shed environment and parasites on the nutritional metabolism of cattle. After random grouping, the cattle were numbered uniformly and raised in groups. The sheds were kept in good sanitary and epidemic prevention conditions and environmental conditions. During the experiment, attention was paid to observing the feeding and disease conditions.

[0103] 1.1 The concentrated feed is the nutritious concentrated feed 6 prepared in Experimental Example 10 of the present application, and the conventional roughage is rice straw.

[0104] 1.2 Preparation of nutritious drinking water: Add the pickling liquid to clean water in the proportions shown in Table 6 to obtain nutritious drinking water.

[0105] Table 6 Main components of nutritious drinking water

[0106]

[0107] (3) Experiment on drinking water with different nutrition

[0108] Experimental Example 17: The diet was the same as that of the blank group, i.e., 13 kg of roughage and 2.5 kg of conventional concentrated feed were fed each time, and 1 nutrient drinking water was freely available;

[0109] Experimental Example 18: The diet was the same as that of the blank group, i.e., 13 kg of roughage and 2.5 kg of conventional concentrated feed were fed each time, and nutritious drinking water was freely available for 2 hours;

[0110] Experimental Example 18: The diet was the same as that of the blank group, i.e., 13 kg of roughage and 2.5 kg of conventional concentrated feed were fed each time, and nutritious drinking water was freely available for 3 hours;

[0111] Experimental Example 20: The diet was the same as that of the control group, that is, 13 kg of roughage, 2.5 kg of a mixture of conventional concentrate feed and crushed branches (where the mass ratio of conventional concentrate feed to crushed branches was 7:1) were fed each time, and 1 nutrient drinking water was freely available;

[0112] Experimental Example 21: The diet was the same as that of the control group, i.e., 13 kg of roughage, 2.5 kg of a mixture of conventional concentrate feed and crushed branches (where the mass ratio of conventional concentrate feed to crushed branches was 7:1) were fed each time, and nutritious drinking water 2 was available for free drinking;

[0113] Experimental Example 22: The diet was the same as that of the control group, i.e., 13 kg of roughage, 2.5 kg of a mixture of conventional concentrate feed and crushed branches (where the mass ratio of conventional concentrate feed to crushed branches was 7:1) were fed each time, and nutritious drinking water was freely available for 3 hours;

[0114] Experimental Example 23: The diet was the same as that of Experimental Example 10, i.e., 13 kg of roughage, 2.5 kg of nutritious concentrated feed 6 were fed each time, and nutritious drinking water 1 was freely available;

[0115] Experimental Example 24: The diet was the same as that of Experimental Example 10, i.e., 13 kg of roughage, 2.5 kg of nutritious concentrated feed 6 were fed each time, and nutritious drinking water 2 was freely available;

[0116] Experimental Example 25: The diet was the same as that of Experimental Example 10, i.e., 13 kg of roughage, 2.5 kg of nutritious concentrated feed 6 were fed each time, and nutritious drinking water 3 was freely available;

[0117] The daily weight of residual material and the proportion of grape branches in the residual material were measured; the average weight gain of each cow in 30 days was measured. The specific results are shown in Table 7.

[0118] Table 7 Data summary of Experimental Examples 17 to 25

[0119]

[0120] Note: In the above table, when calculating the average monthly weight gain data of cattle, the situation where the cattle's normal eating and growth were affected by illness and other reasons was excluded. Specifically, when the experimental cattle became sick or unwell, they were isolated and excluded from the experimental group to ensure the accuracy of the calculated data.

[0121] As mentioned above, the water, oligosaccharides, small molecule proteins, and some lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus and other substances produced during the pickling process are dissolved in the water of the mixed pickled material A. The mixed pickled material A is filtered to obtain fermented granular branches and pickling liquid. The components of the pickling liquid include the above-mentioned water, oligosaccharides, small molecule proteins, and some lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus and other substances. Oligosaccharides and small molecule proteins are nutrients that are easily digested and absorbed by cattle. Bacillus can produce a variety of digestive enzymes to help animals digest and absorb nutrients. Bacillus has strong protease, amylase and lipase activities, and also has enzymes that degrade complex carbohydrates in feed, such as pectinase, glucanase, cellulase, etc. These enzymes can destroy the cell walls of plant feed cells, promote the release of nutrients in the cells, and eliminate anti-nutritional factors in the feed, reducing the obstacles of anti-nutritional factors to animal digestion and utilization. Lactic acid bacteria can play many physiological functions in animals. Lactic acid bacteria can promote animal growth; regulate normal gastrointestinal flora; maintain microecological balance, improve gastrointestinal function; improve food digestibility and biological value; inhibit the growth of putrefactive bacteria in the intestines, improve the body's immunity, etc. Therefore, the filtered pickling liquid can be used as cattle feed, which can improve cattle's absorption of nutrients and promote fattening.

[0122] As a verification, Experimental Examples 17 to 19 are experimental data of feeding cattle with nutritious drinking water based on the blank example; Experimental Examples 20 to 22 are experimental data of feeding cattle with nutritious drinking water based on the comparative example; Experimental Examples 23 to 25 are experimental data of feeding cattle with nutritious drinking water based on the preferred nutritious concentrated feed 6 of the present application. It can be seen from Table 7 that after replacing drinking water with nutritious drinking water, the daily residual weight is reduced compared with drinking ordinary water under the same feed, indicating that the fermented liquid in the nutritious drinking water can stimulate appetite, and the average monthly weight gain of cattle is also higher than that of drinking ordinary water under the same feed, indicating that nutritious drinking water can improve the absorption of nutrients by cattle and promote fattening.

[0123] It can also be seen from Table 7 that under the same diet, when the weight ratio of pickling liquid to clean water in the nutritional drinking water is 1:1500, the average monthly weight gain of cattle is better than that of the weight ratio of pickling liquid to clean water of 1:1000 and 1:2000. The reason for this phenomenon may be that when the weight ratio of pickling liquid to clean water is 1:1000, the content of pickling liquid is high, the palatability of nutritional drinking water is poor, and cattle do not like to drink it, so the intake of active substances and nutrients in the nutritional drinking water is less; when the weight ratio of pickling liquid to clean water is 1:2000, the content of active substances and nutrients in the nutritional drinking water is low, which will also cause the problem of less intake. Therefore, the weight ratio of pickling liquid to clean water in the nutritional drinking water is preferably 1:1500.

[0124] In summary, it can be seen that in Experimental Example 24, on the basis of normal daily feeding of roughage, the nutritious concentrated feed of the present application, combined with nutritious drinking water, can achieve an average monthly weight gain of cattle of 67.73 kg, which is 49.51% higher than that of ordinary feeding with ordinary feed, indicating that the feed of the present application can improve the palatability of the feed and efficiently promote cattle fattening.

[0125] The present application also discloses a method for preparing a nutritious concentrated feed for livestock, comprising the following steps:

[0126] S10. The pruned grape branches are washed, soil and broken leaves are removed, dried, and crushed into particles less than 2 cm to obtain broken branches;

[0127] S20. The pickling agent and water are mixed and stirred evenly according to a first ratio to obtain an initial pickling liquid;

[0128] S30. Add the shredded branches into a pickling container, compact them, and then add the primary pickling liquid, wherein the amount of the primary pickling liquid added is based on the amount of the shredded branches that can be immersed, and pickle at a specified temperature for a specified time to obtain a mixed pickled material A;

[0129] S40. The mixed pickled material A is filtered to obtain pickling liquid and pickled broken branches;

[0130] S50. Adding the pickling liquid to water in a second ratio to obtain the nutritious drinking water;

[0131] S60. The pickled shredded branches are fully crushed and stirred to obtain a paste-like pickled substance B;

[0132] S70. Add the paste-like pickled material B to the concentrated feed according to the third ratio, stir evenly, granulate, and dry to obtain the nutritious concentrated feed.

[0133] Preferably, in the method for preparing the above-mentioned livestock nutritional concentrated feed, in step S20, the pickling agent includes the following components in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts of cellulase, 1 to 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1 to 2 parts of Bacillus, 20 to 50 parts of sucrose, and 10 to 50 parts of the pickling liquid.

[0134] Preferably, in the method for preparing the above-mentioned concentrated nutrient feed for livestock, in step S20, the first ratio is 1:200 to 1:300.

[0135] Preferably, in the method for preparing the above-mentioned concentrated nutrient feed for livestock, in step S30, the specified temperature is 20°C to 30°C.

[0136] Preferably, in the method for preparing the above-mentioned concentrated nutrient feed for livestock, in step S30, the designated time is 15 to 20 days.

[0137] Preferably, in the method for preparing the above-mentioned concentrated nutrient feed for livestock, in step S40, the water content of the pickled chopped branches is 30% to 40%.

[0138] Preferably, in the method for preparing the above-mentioned concentrated nutrient feed for livestock, in step S50, the second ratio is 1:1000 to 1:2000.

[0139] Preferably, in the method for preparing the above-mentioned concentrated nutrient feed for livestock, in step S70, the third ratio is 1:5 to 1:8.

[0140] Preferably, in the method for preparing the above-mentioned concentrated nutrient feed for livestock, in step S70, the third ratio is 1:6.

[0141] Preferably, in the method for preparing the above-mentioned concentrated nutrient feed for livestock, in step S70, the concentrated feed includes the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 30 parts of corn flour, 5 to 10 parts of soybean cake, 15 to 25 parts of wheat bran, 5 to 8 parts of wine lees, 1 to 2 parts of baking soda, and 1 to 2 parts of table salt.

[0142] The application also discloses a nutritious concentrated feed for livestock, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the nutritious concentrated feed for livestock.

[0143] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A method for feeding cattle, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Feed twice a day, the first feeding time is from 6:00 to 8:00, and the second feeding time is from 16:00 to 18:00; each time feed roughage first, then feed nutritious concentrated feed; Free access to nutritious drinking water every day; The nutritious concentrated feed and the nutritious drinking water are prepared by the following method: S10. The pruned grape branches are washed, soil and broken leaves are removed, dried, and crushed into particles less than 2 cm to obtain broken branches; S20. The pickling agent and water are mixed and stirred evenly according to a first ratio to obtain an initial pickling liquid; S30. Add the shredded branches into a pickling container, compact them, and then add the primary pickling liquid, wherein the amount of the primary pickling liquid added is based on the amount of the shredded branches that can be immersed, and pickle at a specified temperature for a specified time to obtain a mixed pickled material A; S40. The mixed pickled material A is filtered to obtain pickling liquid and pickled broken branches; S50. Adding the pickling liquid to water in a second ratio to obtain the nutritious drinking water; S60. The pickled shredded branches are fully crushed and stirred to obtain a paste-like pickled substance B; S70. Add the pickled paste B to the concentrate feed in a third ratio, stir evenly, granulate, and dry to obtain the nutritious concentrate feed; The pickling agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts of cellulase, 1 to 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1 to 2 parts of bacillus, 20 to 50 parts of sucrose, and 10 to 50 parts of the pickling liquid.

2. The cattle feeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S20, the first ratio is 1:200 to 1:

300.

3. The cattle feeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S30, the specified temperature is 20°C to 30°C.

4. The cattle feeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S30, the designated time is 15 to 20 days.

5. The cattle feeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S40, the water content of the pickled shredded branches is 30% to 40%.

6. The cattle feeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S50, the second ratio is 1:1000 to 1:2000.

7. The cattle feeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S70, the third ratio is 1:5 to 1:

8.

8. The cattle feeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S70, the third ratio is 1:

6.

9. The cattle feeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S70, the concentrated feed includes the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 30 parts of corn flour, 5 to 10 parts of soybean cake, 15 to 25 parts of wheat bran, 5 to 8 parts of wine lees, 1 to 2 parts of baking soda, and 1 to 2 parts of salt.

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