A hole diameter adaptive jet mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layer

Abstract

An aperture adaptive jet mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layers belongs to the technical field of hot water drilling tools in ice layers, and includes an upper drill head body, a first connecting rod, a roller, a second connecting rod, a circular hinge seat, a spring, a spring base, a side nozzle, a rotating nozzle, a connecting hose, a connecting pipe, a lower drill head body, a main nozzle and a center tube. The present invention can achieve the target aperture required for drilling while reducing the size of the drill tool, solves the problem that the existing hot water drilling tools cannot take into account both rapid drilling and rapid hole expansion at the same time, greatly improves the drilling efficiency, and also expands the applicable terrain conditions range of hot water drilling. The present invention can judge the working state of the drill bit by the surface hot water pipeline pressure, and change the arm structure length according to the drilling target aperture, thereby changing the maximum outer diameter of the drill tool, and then achieving the purpose of obtaining the target aperture drilling. After changing the upper mechanical interface, it can be connected to any hot water drilling tool, which is convenient for promotion and use in ice layer drilling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ice layer hot water drilling tools, and in particular relates to an aperture adaptive jetting mechanism for ice layer hot water drilling. Background Art

[0002] Hot water drilling is a method used for rapid drilling in the Antarctic and Arctic ice sheets and glaciers. Existing hot water drilling tools mainly use a nozzle with a fixed aperture to spray high-temperature and high-pressure hot water to achieve ice melting drilling. The hot water jet will form a narrow and deep pilot hole at the bottom of the hole. The cooled hot water will then return to the surface along the annular gap between the drill tool and the borehole, and further exchange heat with the ice layer on the wall of the hole during the return process until the temperature drops to the freezing point, so that the aperture gradually increases to the maximum diameter. Then the heat in the water continues to dissipate into the surrounding ice layer, and the water begins to condense into ice, which then forms a shrinking phenomenon. Since the nozzle of the traditional hot water drilling tool sprays hot water downward, when the aperture is reduced to less than the diameter of the drill tool during the lifting process, the nozzle cannot spray hot water upward to expand the hole, and there is a risk that the drill tool cannot be lifted out of the ground and the drill is stuck. Once the drill is stuck, it will cost a lot of manpower and material resources to salvage the drill tool again, and it will greatly extend the duration of the entire drilling cycle. In order to prevent this from happening, it is necessary to perform a normal drilling → lifting the drill and expanding the hole → drilling down cycle during the drilling process, which greatly reduces the drilling efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, a new technical solution is urgently needed in the prior art to solve this problem. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an aperture adaptive injection mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layers to solve the technical problem that the current conventional hot water drilling tools cannot adjust the injection water volume, injection position and injection angle according to the aperture, cannot take into account both rapid drilling and rapid hole expansion at the same time, and have low drilling efficiency.

[0005] A borehole adaptive jet mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layer, comprising an upper drill head body, a first connecting rod, a roller, a second connecting rod, a circular hinge seat, a spring, a spring base, a side nozzle, a rotating nozzle, a connecting hose, a connecting pipe, a lower drill head body, a main nozzle and a center pipe,

[0006] The upper drill bit body, the spring base, the connecting pipe and the lower drill bit body are fixedly connected in sequence to form a whole, and the upper drill bit body, the spring base, the connecting pipe and the lower drill bit body are all provided with a channel for the central tube to move up and down;

[0007] The upper end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the hinge seat; the hinge seat is fixedly installed on the upper part of the upper drill head body; the lower end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the annular hinge seat; the roller is located between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, and the central axis hole of the roller is rotatably connected with the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod at the same time to form a support arm structure, and the roller is extended to the outer side of the upper drill head body;

[0008] The lower section of the side wall of the upper drill bit body is provided with a groove, the outer sliding sleeve of the upper drill bit body is provided with an annular hinge seat, and the interior of the upper drill bit body is slidably connected with the center tube; the annular hinge seat is fixedly connected with the center tube after the bolt I penetrates the groove, and the annular hinge seat drives the center tube to move up and down in the internal channel of the whole; the interior of the center tube is processed with a center channel along the central axis; the top opening of the center channel is connected with the internal flow channel of the upper drill bit body, the bottom of the center channel is closed, and the center channel has a plurality of through holes on the side wall near the bottom;

[0009] The spring is installed between the annular hinge seat and the spring base and is always in a compressed state; the lower drill head body is processed with a horizontal flow channel and a vertical flow channel that are interconnected, and the lower drill head body is also processed with a cavity; the processed holes outside the horizontal flow channel and the vertical flow channel are closed by bolts, and the horizontal flow channel is also connected to the channel inside the lower drill head body;

[0010] The rotating nozzle is installed on the side of the spring base through a bearing, and the side of the rotating nozzle is meshed with the center tube through a gear rack. When the center tube moves up and down, the rotating nozzle rotates accordingly by a corresponding angle. The water inlet of the rotating nozzle is located at the center of the bearing. A plurality of side nozzles are arranged on the rotating nozzle. A flow channel connecting the water inlet and the side nozzle is processed inside the rotating nozzle. One end of the connecting hose passes through the through hole arranged on the connecting pipe and is connected to the cavity. The other end of the connecting hose is connected to the water inlet of the rotating nozzle through a dynamic seal, thereby ensuring that the connecting hose does not rotate with the rotating nozzle. The main nozzle is installed at the lower part of the lower drill bit body and can be replaced with different specifications according to drilling needs.

[0011] The upper drill bit body is processed with a step that serves as a limit at the top of its channel. Under the action of the spring, the upper limit of the center tube is when the top of the center tube is located at the step of the cavity inside the upper drill bit body; the lower limit of the center tube is when the bottom of the center tube is flush with the bottom of the cavity.

[0012] An aperture adaptive jetting mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layers includes the following three working states:

[0013] Working state 1: The spring is always in a compressed state, and the center tube is always in the upper limit position under a non-stressed state. At this time, the arm structure composed of the first connecting rod, the roller and the second connecting rod is extended outward, and the hot water flows through the internal channel of the upper drill bit body and the central channel of the center tube, flows out from the through hole at the bottom of the center tube, and then passes through the vertical flow channel inside the lower drill bit body and is sprayed out by the main nozzle. At this time, there is no water flow in the cavity;

[0014] Working state 2: the arm structure composed of the first connecting rod, the roller and the second connecting rod is squeezed, the arm structure and the roller shrink inward, the annular hinge seat drives the central tube to move downward, the spring is further compressed, the rotating spray head rotates upward by a corresponding angle under the action of the gear rack, and the hot water is sprayed out from the main nozzle through the vertical flow channel and from the side nozzle through the cavity at the same time;

[0015] Working state three: the bottom of the central tube is flush with the bottom of the cavity and reaches the lower limit. At this time, the arm structure and the roller reach the limit contraction state, the rotating nozzle is directed obliquely upward, and all the water in the central tube is sprayed out from the side nozzle through the cavity.

[0016] The main nozzle is a conical nozzle, and the jet shape sprayed is a 15° to 30° cone, which is used to form a larger initial aperture.

[0017] The side nozzle is a nozzle with a jet shape of a fan-shaped plane. At least three side nozzles are provided to enable the drilled hole to reach a target aperture.

[0018] Through the above design scheme, the present invention can bring the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention provides an aperture adaptive jet mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layers, which can achieve the target aperture required for drilling while reducing the size of the drill tool, thereby solving the problem that the existing hot water drilling tools cannot simultaneously take into account fast drilling and fast hole expansion, greatly improving the drilling efficiency, and also greatly expanding the range of applicable terrain conditions for hot water drilling.

[0020] The present invention adopts a non-electrically controlled flow channel switching device, which has a simple structure and low cost. After changing the upper mechanical interface, it can be connected to any hot water drilling tool, which is convenient for promotion and use in drilling plateau glaciers and polar inland ice layers.

[0021] The present invention provides a non-electronic signal feedback device, which can judge the working state of the drill bit by the surface hot water pipeline pressure, and change the arm structure length according to the target hole diameter to change the maximum outer diameter of the drill tool, thereby achieving the purpose of drilling a hole with the target hole diameter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an aperture adaptive injection mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layers according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of an aperture adaptive injection mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layers according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the drilling tool when the support arm structure in the present invention is close to the minimum outer diameter;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the drilling tool when the support arm structure in the present invention is close to the maximum outer diameter.

[0027] In the figure, 1-upper drill bit body; 2-articulated seat; 3-first connecting rod; 4-roller; 5-second connecting rod; 6-annular articulated seat; 7-spring; 8-spring base; 9-side nozzle; 10-rotating nozzle; 11-connecting hose; 12-connecting pipe; 13-lower drill bit body; 14-main nozzle; 15-bolt; 16-center tube; 17-bolt I, 18-vertical flow channel; 19-cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, an aperture adaptive injection mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layer includes an upper drill bit body 1, an articulated seat 2, a first connecting rod 3, a roller 4, a second connecting rod 5, an annular articulated seat 6, a spring 7, a spring base 8, a side nozzle 9, a rotating nozzle 10, a connecting hose 11, a connecting pipe 12, a lower drill bit body 13, a main nozzle 14, a bolt 15 and a center tube 16. The annular articulated seat 6 is connected to the center tube 16 in the upper drill bit body 1 through a bolt Ⅰ17 and the relative position is fixed. The bolt Ⅰ17 moves up and down in the groove on the upper drill bit body 1 along with the center tube 16 and the annular articulated seat 6. A center channel is processed inside the center tube 16, wherein the top opening of the center channel is connected to the internal flow channel of the upper drill bit body 1, and the bottom of the center channel is closed but a plurality of through holes are opened on the side wall near the bottom. The articulated seat 2 is fixed to the upper drill head body 1 by connecting screws, the upper part of the first connecting rod 3 is connected to the articulated seat 2, the lower part of the first connecting rod 3 is connected to the roller 4 and the upper part of the second connecting rod 5, and the lower part of the second connecting rod 5 is connected to the annular articulated seat 6. The spring 7 is installed between the spring base 8 of the annular articulated seat 6 and is always in a compressed state. The lower drill head body 13 is internally processed with connected horizontal flow channels and vertical flow channels 18, and the processed holes outside the horizontal flow channels and vertical flow channels 18 are closed by bolts 15. In addition, the lower drill head body 13 is also internally processed with a cavity 19, and the cavity 19 is connected to the connecting hose 11 through the flow channel processed on its upper part and the through hole of the connecting pipe 12. One end of the connecting hose 11 is fixed in the through hole of the connecting pipe 12, and the other end is connected to the rotating nozzle 10. The rotating spray head 10 is installed on the side of the spring base 8 through a bearing. The rotating spray head 10 and the center tube 16 are meshed with a gear rack. When the center tube 16 moves up and down, the rotating spray head 10 can rotate accordingly by a corresponding angle, and the connecting hose 11 will not rotate. A flow channel is processed inside the rotating spray head 10, which can connect the connecting hose 11 and the side nozzle 9. The upper drill bit body 1 and the lower drill bit body 13 are fixedly connected to each other through the spring base 8 and the connecting tube 12 to form a whole. The center tube 16 can move up and down in the internal channel of the whole composed of the upper drill bit body 1, the lower drill bit body 13, the spring base 8 and the connecting tube 12. A step is processed in the upper drill bit body 1 to play a limiting role, that is, under the action of the spring 7, the upper limit of the center tube 16 is the step of the internal cavity of the upper drill bit body 1.

[0029] An aperture adaptive jetting mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layers will experience the following three working states during operation:

[0030] Working state 1: Since the spring 7 is always in a compressed state, the central tube 16 is always in the upper limit position under a non-stressed state. At this time, the arm structure composed of the first connecting rod 3, the roller 4 and the second connecting rod 5 is extended outward, and the hot water flows through the internal channel of the upper drill body 1 and the central channel of the central tube, flows out from the lower through hole of the central tube, and then passes through the vertical flow channel 18 inside the lower drill body and is sprayed out by the main nozzle 14. At this time, there is no water flow in the cavity 19.

[0031] Working state 2: When the arm structure composed of the first connecting rod 3, the roller 4 and the second connecting rod 5 is squeezed, the arm structure shrinks inward, the annular hinge seat 6 drives the central tube 16 to move downward, and the spring 7 is further compressed. The rotating spray head 10 rotates upward at a certain angle under the action of the gear rack, and hot water is sprayed from the main nozzle 14 and the side nozzle 9 through the vertical flow channel 18 and the cavity 19.

[0032] Working state three, when the bottom of the central tube 16 is flush with the cavity 19 , it reaches the lower limit position. At this time, the arm structure reaches the limit contraction state, and the rotating nozzle faces obliquely upward, and all the water in the central tube 16 is sprayed out from the side nozzle 9 through the cavity 19 .

[0033] Furthermore, the main nozzle 14 is a conical nozzle, and the jet shape ejected is a 15° to 30° cone, which can form a larger initial aperture;

[0034] Furthermore, the side nozzles 9 are three nozzles with jet shapes in fan-shaped planes, so that the drilling hole can reach the target hole diameter.

[0035] Working principle of the present invention:

[0036] When drilling in an ice layer, the aperture adaptive injection mechanism for hot water drilling provided by the present invention needs to keep the support arm structure composed of the first connecting rod 3, the roller 4 and the second connecting rod 5 from contacting the ice layer. At this time, the annular hinge seat 6, the central tube 16 and the side nozzle 9 are in the upper limit position under the elastic force of the spring 7. At this time, the water in the central channel of the central tube 16 is sprayed out from the lower through hole and then sprayed out from the main nozzle 14 along the vertical straight channel 18. At this time, the drilling tool drills downward normally and forms a borehole with a certain depth and diameter at the bottom of the drill bit.

[0037] As the drill tool drills downward, the upper part of the borehole will shrink as the heat of the upper backwater dissipates. In order to prevent the borehole from being completely closed and causing a drill jam, the drill tool needs to be lifted to expand the hole during the drilling process. During the process of lifting the drill tool, as the hole diameter gradually decreases, the arm structure composed of the first connecting rod 3, the roller 4 and the second connecting rod 5 begins to contact the hole wall. When the arm structure is stressed and shrinks inward, the second connecting rod 5 drives the annular hinge seat 6 to drive the center tube 16 to move downward, and the spring 7 is further compressed. The rotating nozzle 10 rotates upward at a certain angle under the action of the gear rack, and hot water is sprayed from the main nozzle 14 and the side nozzle 9 through the vertical flow channel 18 and the cavity 19 respectively. At this time, the hot water sprayed by the side nozzle 9 is sprayed on the hole wall around the drill tool to achieve the hole expansion effect.

[0038] During the drilling process, as the borehole diameter is further reduced, the arm structure on the upper part of the drilling tool is further compressed. When the central tube 16 approaches the lower limit, all the hot water in the central tube 16 is ejected from the side nozzle 9 through the cavity 19, the connecting hose 11 and the rotating nozzle 10. At this time, compared with when the central tube 16 does not reach the lower limit, the flow rate of hot water ejected from the side nozzle 9 is larger, and the hot water is ejected obliquely upward, so the hole expansion effect is better.

[0039] Since the hot water flow rate remains unchanged during drilling, but the aperture of the side nozzle 9 is different from that of the main nozzle 14, the surface hot water pipeline pressure is also different under different injection states. Therefore, the working state of the downhole nozzle can be judged by observing the surface hot water pipeline pressure.

Claims

1. An aperture adaptive jetting mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layers, characterized by: The invention comprises an upper drill head body (1), a first connecting rod (3), a roller (4), a second connecting rod (5), a circular hinge seat (6), a spring (7), a spring base (8), a side nozzle (9), a rotating nozzle (10), a connecting hose (11), a connecting pipe (12), a lower drill head body (13), a main nozzle (14) and a central pipe (16). The upper drill bit body (1), the spring base (8), the connecting pipe (12) and the lower drill bit body (13) are fixedly connected in sequence to form a whole, and the upper drill bit body (1), the spring base (8), the connecting pipe (12) and the lower drill bit body (13) are all provided with channels for the central pipe (16) to move up and down; The upper end of the first connecting rod (3) is hinged to the hinge seat (2); the hinge seat (2) is fixedly mounted on the upper part of the upper drill head body (1); the lower end of the second connecting rod (5) is hinged to the annular hinge seat (6); the roller (4) is located between the first connecting rod (3) and the second connecting rod (5), and the central axis hole of the roller (4) is rotatably connected to the first connecting rod (3) and the second connecting rod (5) at the same time, the roller (4), the first connecting rod (3) and the second connecting rod (5) form a support arm structure, and the roller (4) extends outward from the upper drill head body (1); The lower section of the side wall of the upper drill bit body (1) is provided with a groove, the outer sliding sleeve of the upper drill bit body (1) is provided with an annular hinge seat (6), and the interior of the upper drill bit body (1) is slidably connected to the center tube (16); the annular hinge seat (6) is fixedly connected to the center tube (16) after the bolt I (17) passes through the groove, and the annular hinge seat (6) drives the center tube (16) to move up and down in the internal channel of the whole; the center tube (16) is processed with a center channel along the central axis; the top opening of the center channel is connected to the internal flow channel of the upper drill bit body (1), the bottom of the center channel is closed, and the side wall of the center channel near the bottom is provided with a plurality of through holes; The spring (7) is installed between the annular hinge seat (6) and the spring base (8) and is always in a compressed state; the lower drill head body (13) is internally processed with a horizontal flow channel and a vertical flow channel (18) that are interconnected, and the lower drill head body (13) is also internally processed with a cavity (19); the processed holes outside the horizontal flow channel and the vertical flow channel (18) are closed by bolts (15), and the horizontal flow channel is also connected to the channel inside the lower drill head body (13); The rotating nozzle (10) is installed on the side of the spring base (8) through a bearing. The side of the rotating nozzle (10) is meshed with the central tube (16) through a gear rack. When the central tube (16) moves up and down, the rotating nozzle (10) rotates accordingly at a corresponding angle. The water inlet of the rotating nozzle (10) is located at the center of the bearing. A plurality of side nozzles (9) are arranged on the rotating nozzle (10). A flow channel connecting the water inlet and the side nozzles (9) is processed inside the rotating nozzle (10); one end of the connecting hose (11) passes through a through hole arranged on the connecting tube (12) and is connected to the cavity (19). The other end of the connecting hose (11) is connected to the water inlet of the rotating nozzle (10) through a dynamic seal, thereby ensuring that the connecting hose (11) does not rotate with the rotating nozzle (10); the main nozzle (14) is fixedly installed at the lower part of the lower drill head body (13) and can be replaced with different specifications according to drilling needs.

2. The aperture adaptive jetting mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layer according to claim 1 is characterized by: The upper drill bit body (1) is machined with a step having a limiting function at the top of its passage. Under the action of the spring (7), the upper limit position of the center tube (16) is when the top of the center tube (16) is located at the step of the inner cavity of the upper drill bit body (1); the lower limit position of the center tube (16) is when the bottom of the center tube (16) is flush with the bottom of the cavity (19).

3. The aperture adaptive jetting mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layer according to claim 2 is characterized by: There are three working states: Working state 1: the spring (7) is always in a compressed state, and the central tube (16) is always in the upper limit position under a non-stressed state. At this time, the arm structure composed of the first connecting rod (3), the roller (4) and the second connecting rod (5) extends outward, and hot water flows through the internal channel of the upper drill bit body (1) and the central channel of the central tube (16), flows out from the through hole at the bottom of the central tube (16), and then passes through the vertical flow channel (18) inside the lower drill bit body (13) and is sprayed out by the main nozzle (14). At this time, there is no water flow in the cavity (19); Working state two: when the arm structure composed of the first connecting rod (3), the roller (4) and the second connecting rod (5) is squeezed, the arm structure and the roller (4) shrink inwards, the annular hinge seat (6) drives the central tube (16) to move downwards, the spring (7) is further compressed, and the rotating spray head (10) rotates upwards by a corresponding angle under the action of the gear rack, and hot water is sprayed out from the main nozzle (14) through the vertical flow channel (18) and at the same time sprayed out from the side nozzle (9) through the cavity (19); Working state three: the bottom of the central tube (16) is flush with the bottom of the cavity (19) and reaches the lower limit position. At this time, the arm structure and the roller (4) reach the limit contraction state, and the rotating spray head (10) is directed obliquely upward, and all the water in the central tube (16) is sprayed out from the side nozzle (9) through the cavity (19).

4. The aperture adaptive jetting mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layer according to claim 1 is characterized by: The main nozzle (14) is a conical nozzle, and the jet shape sprayed out is a 15° to 30° cone, which is used to form a larger initial aperture.

5. The aperture adaptive jetting mechanism for hot water drilling in ice layer according to claim 1 is characterized by: The side nozzle (9) is a nozzle with a jet shape in the form of a fan-shaped plane. At least three side nozzles (9) are provided to enable the drilled hole to reach a target hole diameter.

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