A reconstruction and expansion highway filling roadbed anti-settling structure and settlement compensation method
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NANYANG TONGTU HIGHWAY SURVEY & DESIGN CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
Smart Images
Figure CN118390344B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of highway engineering technology, specifically to a settlement prevention structure and settlement compensation method for the embankment of a reconstructed or expanded highway. Background Technology
[0002] With the continuous development of the domestic economy, some existing expressways, due to their limited original lanes, are no longer suitable for the increasing traffic demand and therefore require reconstruction and expansion. For some non-elevated expressway sections, the roadbed needs to be widened by filling soil on one side to form a new roadbed. Because the old roadbed has undergone long-term compaction, its settlement during subsequent use is relatively small. However, the newly filled roadbed has not undergone long-term compaction. Therefore, after the reconstruction and expansion, there will inevitably be many problems during use, such as uneven settlement between the old and new roadbeds, overall or uneven settlement of the new roadbed itself, or lateral slippage settlement of the new roadbed. These are persistent technical challenges in highway construction. The occurrence of these problems can lead to cracks between the old and new road surfaces, height differences between them, or unevenness in the new road surface. These issues can affect driving comfort in minor cases and even driving safety in severe cases.
[0003] When the cracks between the old and new road surfaces are severe, the current repair method is to cut and remove part of the asphalt pavement on both sides of the crack, fill it with new asphalt concrete, and then recompact it. When the height difference between the old and new road surfaces is too large, the current repair method is to spray asphalt on the new road surface (or first remove part of the pavement layer and then spray asphalt), and then repave asphalt concrete and compact it. When the unevenness of the new road surface is too severe and there is excessive settlement in some areas, the current repair method is to drill holes in the road surface with excessive settlement and lift the settled road surface by pressurized grouting. However, all of the above road surface repair methods require construction within the driving lane of the highway. Therefore, the construction process requires the enclosure of part of the driving lane, which not only affects the normal use of the highway, but also poses a significant safety hazard to construction workers working on a busy highway. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention discloses a settlement prevention structure for the embankment of a reconstructed or expanded highway, used to reduce the settlement of the embankment of the reconstructed or expanded highway. When the settlement of the embankment of the reconstructed or expanded highway causes cracks between the old and new road surfaces, or a height difference between the old and new road surfaces, or the new road surface is uneven and needs to be repaired, there is no need to carry out construction in the driving lane of the highway, which will not affect the normal use of the highway, while ensuring the safety of construction personnel.
[0005] To achieve the aforementioned objective, the present invention employs the following technical solution: a settlement prevention structure for the embankment of a reconstructed or expanded highway, wherein the old roadbed and the new roadbed are joined by excavation steps; several composite anchor rods are arrayed along the driving direction of the highway within the new roadbed, with one or more rows of composite anchor rods arranged vertically, thereby increasing the structural integrity and strength of the new roadbed and improving the settlement of the embankment of the reconstructed or expanded highway during use.
[0006] Furthermore, the tail end of the composite anchor extends into the old roadbed and is connected to the old roadbed by injecting expansive cement grout or setting up water-absorbing expansive cloth; the head of the composite anchor extends out of the slope of the new roadbed; when the tail end of the composite anchor extends and is fixed inside the old roadbed, the new and old roadbeds are actually connected into an integral structure, which can further improve the settlement of the embankment roadbed of the reconstructed and expanded highway during use.
[0007] Furthermore, an anchor beam is installed at the head of the composite anchor rod exposed to the new roadbed slope. The anchor beam is pressed onto the slope of the fill roadbed by a pressure plate and a nut. The anchor beam applies compressive stress to the slope of the fill roadbed, thereby preventing lateral slippage of the fill roadbed during use and further improving the settlement caused by lateral slippage during use.
[0008] Furthermore, the composite anchor bolt uses only composite anchor bolt A; composite anchor bolt A includes anchor bolt A and anchor bolt sleeve A; anchor bolt sleeve A is set outside anchor bolt A, with both ends sealed, and a closed cavity is formed between the inner wall of anchor bolt sleeve A and the outer circular surface of anchor bolt A, with both ends of anchor bolt A set outside anchor bolt sleeve A; two rows of grouting holes A are symmetrically arranged along the axis on anchor bolt sleeve A, and a grouting pipe is fixedly installed on anchor bolt sleeve A near the head of composite anchor bolt, the grouting pipe communicating with the closed cavity; when the fill subgrade of the reconstructed and expanded highway settles, expansive cement grout is injected under pressure through the grouting pipe of composite anchor bolt A, and the expansive cement grout exits from the horizontally set grout outlet. Hole A is injected into the embankment to form a horizontal expansion cement grout injection zone. The volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening of the expansion cement grout lifts the entire subgrade of the reconstructed and expanded highway, compensating for the subgrade settlement. When using composite anchor A to grout and repair subgrade settlement, no construction is required on the highway surface, ensuring normal highway use and the safety of construction personnel. Furthermore, when using composite anchor A to grout and repair overall subgrade settlement, no further drilling is needed, resulting in advantages such as minimal construction work, high efficiency, and fast construction speed.
[0009] Furthermore, composite anchor A is installed within the graded crushed stone layer of the new roadbed. The grout outlet A of anchor sleeve A is horizontally oriented, and waterproof layers are installed on both the upper and lower sides of the graded crushed stone layer. This structural arrangement has two advantages: 1. The graded crushed stone layer has many interconnected gaps. When expansive cement grout is injected into the graded crushed stone layer under pressure through the horizontally oriented grout outlet A of composite anchor A, the filling volume of expansive cement grout is large. Therefore, the volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the cement grout is also large, thus providing a larger total uplift compensation. This provides a basis for controlling the uplift compensation of the new roadbed over a large range during actual construction. In actual construction, the specific uplift compensation is controlled by grouting through experience. 1. Pressure and grouting time are used to achieve the effect; 2. The graded crushed stone layer is horizontally distributed. When the expansive cement grout is injected into the graded crushed stone layer under pressure, it is also basically horizontally distributed. Therefore, the lifting force is also basically evenly distributed in a planar shape. The overall lifting force acts on the subgrade above the graded crushed stone layer, causing the subgrade to be lifted upward as a whole, preventing uneven lifting during the lifting process; In this structural setting, the waterproof layer on both sides of the graded crushed stone layer is a mixture of clay and lime or cement. Therefore, after it is fixed, it has good bonding strength and water resistance. When the expansive cement grout is injected into the graded crushed stone layer under pressure, it can prevent a large amount of expansive cement grout from passing through the waterproof layer and entering the pores and cracks of the subgrade, causing uneven lifting.
[0010] Preferably, the composite anchor bolts consist of composite anchor bolt A and composite anchor bolt B; the top row of composite anchor bolts on adjacent new roadbeds uses composite anchor bolt B, while the row or several rows of composite anchor bolts below composite anchor bolt B use composite anchor bolt A. Composite anchor bolt A is installed within the graded crushed stone layer of the new roadbed, and the axis of the grout outlet A of the anchor bolt sleeve A is horizontally positioned. Waterproof layers are provided on both the upper and lower sides of the graded crushed stone layer. Adjacent rows of composite anchor bolts are staggered. Composite anchor bolt B includes anchor bolt B, anchor bolt sleeve B, and grouting distribution shaft. The grouting distribution shaft is fixedly installed on anchor bolt B, and the grouting distribution shaft is made of nylon. Anchor bolt sleeve B is located outside the grouting distribution shaft. Both ends are sealed, with both ends of anchor bolt B located outside anchor bolt sleeve B, and anchor bolt B rotatably connected to anchor bolt sleeve B. Two rows of grouting holes B are symmetrically arranged along the axis on anchor bolt sleeve B. A grouting pipe is fixedly installed on anchor bolt sleeve B near the head of the composite anchor bolt, and the grouting pipe communicates with the inner hole of anchor bolt sleeve B. Normally, when using composite anchor bolt B, the axis of the grouting hole B of anchor bolt sleeve B is horizontal. Several grouting grooves are arranged around the axis on the outer circumference of the grouting distribution shaft. When anchor bolt B is rotated, the grouting distribution shaft rotates synchronously, aligning a certain grouting groove with a grouting hole B, thus controlling the opening of the corresponding grouting hole B. When more than one row of composite anchor bolts is installed, adjacent composite anchor bolts are connected... The staggered placement of anchor bolts can better reinforce the overall strength of the connection structure between the old and new roadbeds. It should be further explained that: the composite anchor bolt B, located in the uppermost row and adjacent to the top of the new roadbed, is used for lifting and compensating for uneven settlement in localized areas of the embankment roadbed during the reconstruction and expansion of the highway. The rows of composite anchor bolts A below composite anchor bolt B are used for lifting and compensating for overall settlement in longer sections of the embankment roadbed during the reconstruction and expansion of the highway. The structural setup and lifting principle of composite anchor bolt A for overall lifting and compensating for roadbed settlement have already been described. The specific explanation of the principle of composite anchor bolt B for lifting and compensating for uneven settlement in localized areas of the roadbed is as follows: When the grouting pipe of composite anchor bolt B... Expansive cement grout is injected under pressure into the composite anchor B. The grout penetrates and diffuses into the fill subgrade of the reconstructed and expanded highway through the vertically set grout outlet B, filling the pores and cracks in local areas of the fill subgrade. The volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening of the grout causes the fill subgrade to form a support structure for local soil expansion on both the upper and lower sides of the composite anchor B. This support structure lifts the soil in areas of uneven settlement, thereby compensating for and eliminating uneven settlement in local areas of the road surface. Rotating the anchor B controls the opening of the corresponding grout outlet B, thus allowing control over the position of the compensation lift along the width of the highway.
[0011] Furthermore, resistance rings are arrayed on the outer circumference of anchor sleeve A or anchor sleeve B. These resistance rings are formed by welding onto the outer circumference of anchor sleeve A or anchor sleeve B. They are used to increase the bonding force between anchor A or anchor B and the old and new roadbeds, and to prevent anchor sleeve A or anchor sleeve B from moving along its axial direction in the roadbed under the influence of other forces.
[0012] A settlement compensation method for the anti-settlement structure of the embankment of a reconstructed and expanded highway is proposed. When the embankment of the reconstructed and expanded highway experiences overall settlement of a long section, starting from the middle of the settlement section, expansive cement grout is injected into both sides under pressure through the grouting pipes of composite anchor rod A. The expansive cement grout fills the gaps in the graded crushed stone layer. The volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout is used to lift the embankment of the reconstructed and expanded highway that has settled over a long section.
[0013] A settlement compensation method for the anti-settlement structure of the embankment of a reconstructed or expanded highway, wherein when the embankment of the reconstructed or expanded highway experiences overall settlement over a long section and uneven settlement in local areas, the settlement compensation includes the following steps: S1. Starting from the middle of the roadbed where the overall settlement of the roadbed has occurred, expansive cement grout is injected into both sides through the grouting pipe of composite anchor A. The expansive cement grout fills the gaps in the graded crushed stone layer. Utilizing the volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout, the roadbed of the roadbed that has settled is lifted as a whole. S2. In sections of road with large local settlement, anchor bolt holes are drilled from the slope of the embankment of the reconstructed and expanded highway into the roadbed. The height of the holes is between the top surface of the embankment of the reconstructed and expanded highway and the elevation of the composite anchor bolt A, 2 meters away from the top surface of the embankment of the reconstructed and expanded highway, and the depth of the holes extends 5 meters into the old roadbed. S3. The water-absorbing and expanding cloth is wrapped around the outside of the anchor sleeve A of the composite anchor A with cable ties or steel wires, and the butt joints of the water-absorbing and expanding cloth are staggered with the grout outlet A. According to the position of the local settlement in the width direction of the new road surface, the expansion cloth grouting groove is opened on the water-absorbing and expanding cloth corresponding to the position of the grout outlet A. The composite anchor A with the water-absorbing and expanding cloth wrapped is placed in the anchor hole of the slope subgrade, and the axes of the two rows of grout outlet A are set perpendicularly. S4. Water is injected into composite anchor A through the grouting pipe of composite anchor A. The water-absorbing and expanding cloth expands and solidifies upon contact with water, thus fixing composite anchor A in the anchor hole. S5. Pressurized injection of expansive cement grout into composite anchor A through the grouting pipe of composite anchor A. The expansive cement grout penetrates and diffuses into the fill subgrade of the reconstructed and expanded highway through the grout outlet hole A corresponding to the grouting groove of the expansive cloth at the set position, filling the pores and cracks in the local area of the fill subgrade. The volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout causes the soil in the local area of the fill subgrade to expand, thereby raising the pavement corresponding to the local settlement area of the fill subgrade and eliminating the uneven settlement of the pavement in the local area.
[0014] A settlement compensation method for the anti-settlement structure of the embankment of a reconstructed or expanded highway, wherein when the embankment of the reconstructed or expanded highway experiences overall settlement over a long section and uneven settlement in local areas, the settlement compensation includes the following steps: S1. Starting from the middle of the roadbed where the overall settlement of the roadbed has occurred, expansive cement grout is injected into both sides through the grouting pipe of composite anchor A. The expansive cement grout fills the gaps in the graded crushed stone layer. Utilizing the volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout, the roadbed of the roadbed that has settled is lifted as a whole. S2. Based on the location of the local settlement in the width direction of the new road surface, rotate anchor B to control the opening of the grout outlet B relative to the area where the local settlement occurred; inject expansive cement grout into the composite anchor B under pressure through the grouting pipe of the composite anchor B. The expansive cement grout penetrates and diffuses into the fill subgrade of the reconstructed and expanded highway at the set position through the corresponding opened grout outlet B, filling the pores and cracks in the local area of the fill subgrade. Utilizing the volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout, the soil in the local area of the fill subgrade expands, thereby raising the road surface corresponding to the local settlement area of the fill subgrade and eliminating the uneven settlement of the local area of the road surface.
[0015] Due to the adoption of the technical solution described above, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention discloses a subgrade anti-settlement structure for reconstructed and expanded highways, in which the old subgrade and the new subgrade are spliced together by excavation steps, and composite anchors are fixedly installed between the old and new subgrades. The heads of the composite anchors extend out of the slope of the new subgrade, and the anchor beams are pressed tightly onto the slope of the subgrade by pressure plates and nuts, thereby forming an integral structure between the reconstructed and expanded highway subgrade and the old subgrade, improving the settlement and lateral slippage of the new subgrade during use; grouting is provided on the composite anchors. When the settlement of the fill subgrade during the reconstruction and expansion of a highway causes cracks between the old and new road surfaces, or a height difference between the old and new road surfaces, or when the new road surface is uneven, expansive cement grout is injected into the new fill subgrade under pressure through the grouting pipe on the composite anchor. The volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout compensates for the overall settlement or local settlement of the new subgrade. Thus, construction can be carried out in the driving lane of the highway without affecting the normal use of the highway and ensuring the safety of construction personnel, thereby completing the road surface repair work. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the anti-settlement structure for the earth-filled roadbed of the highway to be renovated and expanded; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of the anti-settlement structure for the embankment subgrade of the highway to be renovated and expanded. Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of composite anchor A in the new roadbed uplift compensation layer; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance of composite anchor bolt A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of composite anchor bolt A; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance of composite anchor bolt B; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of composite anchor bolt B; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the grouting distribution shaft; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the grouting distribution shaft end face; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the connection structure between the grouting distribution shaft and the positioning sleeve at the beginning of the distribution shaft; Figure 11 A schematic cross-sectional view of the rotation positioning structure for anchor bolt B; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the composite anchor rod A, which is wrapped with water-absorbing and expanding cloth.
[0017] In the diagram: 1. Old roadbed; 2. Old pavement; 3. New roadbed subgrade; 5. New roadbed lift compensation layer; 5.1 Waterproof layer; 5.2 Graded crushed stone layer; 5.3 Lifting layer; 6. New roadbed deformation compensation layer; 7. New pavement; 8. Slope protection topsoil layer; 9. Anchor beam; 10. Composite anchor A; 10.1 Anchor A; 10.1.1 Anchor end A; 10.2 Anchor sleeve A; 10.2.1 Resistance ring A; 10.2.2 Grout outlet A; 10.3 End sleeve A; 10.7 Nut A; 10.8 Grouting pipe; 11. Composite anchor B; 11.1 Anchor B; 11.1.1 Anchor end B; 11.2 Anchor sleeve B; 11.2.1, Resistance ring B; 11.2.2, Grout outlet B; 11.3, Tail end sleeve; 11.4, Tail end rotating sleeve; 11.5, Head end sleeve; 11.6, Head end rotating sleeve; 11.9, Grouting distribution shaft; 11.9.1, Full section grouting groove; 11.9.2, Head end grouting groove; 11.9.3, Middle section grouting groove; 11.9.4, Tail end grouting groove; 11.9.5, Distribution shaft slot; 11.10, Distribution shaft tail end positioning sleeve; 11.11, Distribution shaft head positioning sleeve; 11.11.1, Positioning sleeve clip; 11.12, Anchor bolt rotating positioning mechanism; 12, Water-absorbing expansion cloth; 12.1, Expansion cloth grouting groove. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The present invention will be explained in detail through the following embodiments. The purpose of disclosing the present invention is to protect all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention.
[0019] See the instruction manual appendix Figure 1 , 2A settlement prevention structure for the embankment of a reconstructed and expanded highway includes an old roadbed 1 and a new roadbed connected by excavated steps. Several composite anchor bolts are arrayed along the highway's driving direction within the new roadbed. The composite anchor bolts can be arranged in one, two, or three rows vertically, depending on the height of the embankment. The tail of each composite anchor bolt extends 5 meters into the old roadbed 1 and is connected to it by injecting expansive cement grout. The head of each composite anchor bolt extends out of the slope protection soil layer 8 of the new roadbed, and a slope protection soil layer 8 is poured on-site. Anchor beam 9 is constructed, and composite anchor heads (with plastic sleeves to prevent them from becoming one with the anchor beam 9) pass through it. The composite anchor heads are then pressed against the slope of the fill roadbed by pressure plates and nuts, forming an integral structure between the fill roadbed of the reconstructed and expanded highway and the old roadbed 1, thus improving the settlement and lateral slippage of the new roadbed during use. The old roadbed 1 is paved with old pavement 2, and the new roadbed is paved with new pavement 7. The old pavement 2 and the new pavement 7 are connected to form a complete highway pavement. Composite anchor bolts are divided into composite anchor bolt A10 and composite anchor bolt B11. The essential difference between the two is that composite anchor bolt B11 is equipped with a grouting distribution shaft 11.9. See the instruction manual appendix Figure 4 , 5 The composite anchor bolt A10 includes an anchor bolt A10.1, an anchor bolt sleeve A10.2, an end sleeve A10.3, a nut A10.7, and a grouting pipe 10.8. The anchor bolt A10.1 is rod-shaped with an anchor bolt end A10.1.1 at the tail and an external thread at the head. The anchor bolt sleeve A10.2 is tubular, with several grout outlet holes A10.2.2 evenly distributed along its outer circumference, symmetrically arranged relative to the axis. Several resistance rings A10.2.1 are also evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the anchor bolt sleeve A10.2, which are welded onto the outer circumference of the anchor bolt sleeve A10.2. The anchor bolt sleeve A10.2 is also secured near its head. A grouting joint is fixedly installed, and the grouting pipe 10.8 is fixedly connected to the grouting joint. The grouting pipe 10.8 is a flexible high-pressure hose. The end sleeve A10.3 is a short round sleeve with a flange edge. The end sleeve A10.3 is set at both ends of the first and second ends of the anchor sleeve A10.2. The anchor rod A10.1 passes through the end sleeve A10.3 and the anchor sleeve A10.2. The tail end of the anchor rod A10.1.1 abuts against the tail end sleeve A10.3. The external thread section at the first end extends out of the first end sleeve A10.3. The nut A10.7 is set at the external thread section at the first end of the anchor rod A10.1 and abuts against the first end sleeve A10.3, fixing the anchor rod A10.1 and the anchor sleeve A10.2 together as one unit. See the instruction manual appendix Figure 6 , 7The composite anchor bolt B11 includes anchor bolt B11.1, anchor bolt sleeve B11.2, tail end sleeve 11.3, tail end rotating sleeve 11.4, head end sleeve 11.5, head end rotating sleeve 11.6, nut A10.7, grouting pipe 10.8, grouting distribution shaft 11.9, distribution shaft tail end positioning sleeve 11.10, and distribution shaft head end positioning sleeve 11.11. Anchor bolt B11.1 is rod-shaped, with an anchor bolt end B11.1.1 at the tail end and an external thread and a hexagonal or square head that connects to the external thread, facilitating wrench locking the hexagonal or square head rotating anchor bolt B11.1. 11.1; Anchor sleeve B11.2 is a cylindrical tube with several grout outlet holes B11.2.2 evenly distributed along the axis on its outer circumference, symmetrically arranged relative to the axis; Several resistance rings B11.2.1 are also evenly distributed along the axis on the outer circumference of anchor sleeve B11.2, which are welded onto the outer circumference of anchor sleeve B11.2; A grouting joint is fixedly installed near the beginning end of anchor sleeve B11.2, and a grouting pipe 10.8 is fixedly connected to the grouting joint. The grouting pipe 10.8 is a flexible high-pressure hose; Tail end sleeve 11.3, Tail-end rotating sleeve 11.4, head-end sleeve 11.5, and head-end rotating sleeve 11.6 are all short round sleeves with flanges. Tail-end rotating sleeve 11.4 and head-end rotating sleeve 11.6 are made of plastic (such as nylon or plastic-steel). Tail-end sleeves 11.3 and 11.4 form a set, connected by a sleeve, and are located at the tail end of anchor sleeve B11.2. The flange of tail-end sleeve 11.3 is fixedly connected to anchor sleeve B11.2 by spot welding. Head-end sleeves 11.5 and 11.6 form a set, connected by a sleeve, and are located at the head end of anchor sleeve B11.2. The flange of 1.5 is fixedly connected to the anchor sleeve B11.2 by spot welding; the anchor B11.1 passes through the tail end rotating sleeve 11.4, the anchor sleeve B11.2, and the head end rotating sleeve 11.6 in sequence. The nut A10.7 is set on the external thread section of the head end and abuts against the head end rotating sleeve 11.6, fixing the anchor B11.1 and the anchor sleeve B11.2 together; in the composite anchor B11, the tail end rotating sleeve 11.4 and the head end rotating sleeve 11.6 are made of plastic to prevent the anchor B11.1 from getting stuck and unable to rotate after corrosion. The tail end locating sleeve 11.10 and the head end locating sleeve 11.11 of the distribution shaft are short round sleeves with flanges, both of which have threaded holes along the radial direction; see the appendix of the instruction manual. Figure 10 The flange of the locating sleeve 11.11 at the beginning of the distribution shaft has a notch (for the flow channel of the expanding cement slurry), and the outer end face of the flange also has a locating sleeve clip 11.11.1; see the appendix of the instruction manual. Figure 8 , 9The grouting distribution shaft 11.9 is a cylindrical tube made of nylon. Along its outer circumference, it has four grouting channels: a full-length grouting channel 11.9.1, a first-end grouting channel 11.9.2, a middle-section grouting channel 11.9.3, and a last-end grouting channel 11.9.4. These channels are arranged at a 45° angle. The full-length grouting channel 11.9.1 is distributed along the entire length of the grouting distribution shaft 11.9.1. The first-end grouting channel 11.9.2, the middle-section grouting channel 11.9.3, and the last-end grouting channel 11.9.4 are approximately one-third the length of the grouting distribution shaft 11.9.1. 2. The middle section grouting groove 11.9.3 is located near the beginning of the grouting distribution shaft 11.9, and the end grouting groove 11.9.4 is located near the end of the grouting distribution shaft 11.9. The full-length grouting groove 11.9.1, the beginning grouting groove 11.9.2, the middle section grouting groove 11.9.3, and the end grouting groove 11.9.4 are evenly distributed around the axis at a 45° angle (the full-length grouting groove 11.9.1, the beginning grouting groove 11.9.2, the middle section grouting groove 11.9.3, and the end grouting groove 11.9.4 are all two symmetrically distributed grooves along the axis). The beginning grouting groove 11.9.2, the middle section grouting groove 11.9.3, and the end grouting groove 11.9.4 are connected end-to-end in sequence. (See the appendix of the instruction manual.) Figure 10 The grouting distribution shaft 11.9 is also provided with a distribution shaft groove 11.9.5 on the end face of the first end; the tail end positioning sleeve 11.10, the grouting distribution shaft 11.9, and the head end positioning sleeve 11.11 of the distribution shaft are set on the outer circle of the anchor rod B11.1. The tail end positioning sleeve 11.10 abuts against the tail end of the grouting distribution shaft 11.9, and the head end positioning sleeve 11.11 abuts against the head end of the grouting distribution shaft 11.9. The positioning sleeve head 11.11.1 of the head end positioning sleeve 11.11 is locked in the distribution shaft groove 11.9.5 of the grouting distribution shaft 11.9. The tail end positioning sleeve 11.10 and the head end positioning sleeve 11.11 of the distribution shaft are tightened with a set screw through their radial threaded holes to the positioning holes provided on the anchor rod B11.1, so as to realize the positioning and fixed connection between the grouting distribution shaft 11.9 and the anchor rod B11.1. See the instruction manual appendix Figure 11The first end sleeve 11.5 and the first end rotating sleeve 11.6 are provided with coaxial threaded holes along the radial direction. A hollow threaded sleeve is installed in the threaded hole, and a steel ball and a spring are installed in the hollow threaded sleeve, forming the anchor bolt rotation positioning mechanism 11.12. Relative to the steel ball of the anchor bolt rotation positioning mechanism 11.12, the outer surface of the anchor bolt B11.1 is provided with four positioning cone holes evenly distributed at 45° around the axis. In the initial state, the steel ball falls into the first positioning cone hole. At this time, the entire grouting groove 11.9.1 of the grouting distribution shaft 11.9 is connected to all the grout outlet holes B11.2.2 of the anchor bolt sleeve B11.2. When pressurized grouting is performed through the grouting pipe 10.8, the expansive cement grout will be discharged outward from all the grout outlet holes B11.2.2 of the anchor bolt sleeve B11.2. When the anchor bolt B11.1 is rotated counterclockwise with a wrench, the expansion cement grout will be discharged outward from all the grout outlet holes B11.2.2 of the anchor bolt sleeve B11.2. At 0.1, the steel ball falls sequentially into the second, third, and fourth positioning cone holes of the anchor bolt B11.1, thereby connecting the grouting grooves 11.9.2 (first end), 11.9.3 (middle section), and 11.9.4 (tail end) of the grouting distribution shaft 11.9 with the grout outlet holes B11.2.2 (front, middle, and tail sections) of the anchor bolt sleeve B11.2. When pressurized grouting is performed through the grouting pipe 10.8, the expanding cement grout will be discharged outward from the grout outlet holes B11.2.2 (front, middle, and tail sections) of the anchor bolt sleeve B11.2. This achieves control of the grouting position along the length of the composite anchor bolt B11. This control can be used to position the grouting for uneven settlement at different locations along the width of the fill subgrade, ultimately achieving accurate positioning and lifting compensation for uneven settlement at different locations along the width of the subgrade. Example
[0020] See the instruction manual appendix Figure 2A settlement prevention structure for the embankment of a reconstructed and expanded highway is described. The old roadbed 1 and the new roadbed are connected by excavated steps. An asphalt concrete pavement 2 is laid on the old roadbed 1. The new roadbed has an embankment height of 8 meters, with the first step at an elevation of 3 meters and the second step at an elevation of 6 meters. Two rows of horizontal anchor bolt holes are drilled along the first and second steps into the old roadbed 1, with a diameter of 120 mm, a depth of 5 m, and a spacing of 1.5 m. The upper and lower rows of anchor bolt holes are staggered. The new roadbed base layer 3 is constructed, and construction proceeds as the first step approaches... At the elevation, the backfill soil is a mixture of clay and lime or cement, loosely laid and compacted to form a waterproof layer 5.1, with a thickness of 150mm, and the elevation is flush with the bottom of the first row of holes. Composite anchor rods A10 are inserted into the first row of anchor rod holes, with the grout outlet A10.2.2 axis set horizontally. The tail end of composite anchor rod A10 contacts the bottom of the hole, and cement grout is injected into the hole to fix the composite anchor rod A10. The compacted graded crushed stone layer 5.2 is then laid, with a thickness of 200mm. A waterproof layer 5.1 is then constructed on top of the graded crushed stone layer 5.2. After the graded crushed stone layer 5.2 and the waterproof layers 5.1 on both sides are completed, grout is poured along the outermost brickwork or concrete pouring line of the roadbed to prevent grout from overflowing from the slope during injection. When the construction of the raised layer 5.3 continues to the second step elevation, composite anchor B11 is inserted into the second row of holes. The axis of the grout outlet hole B11.2.2 is set vertically, and the tail end of the composite anchor B11 abuts against the bottom of the hole. Cement grout is injected into the hole to fix the composite anchor B11. 1. Then, construct the outermost brickwork or pour the grout along the edge of the roadbed; continue to construct the new roadbed deformation compensation layer 6 until it is flush with the top of the old roadbed 1. Lay the new asphalt concrete pavement 7 on the top of the new roadbed deformation compensation layer 6 to form a complete highway pavement; since the first row of composite anchor rods A10 and the second row of composite anchor rods B11 are installed inside the old roadbed 1 and the new roadbed, the new and old roadbeds are actually connected into an integral structure, which can greatly improve the natural settlement and lateral slippage of the new roadbed during use; The heads of the first row of composite anchor rods A10 and the second row of composite anchor rods B11 are all equipped with soft plastic sleeves (PVC hoses) that extend outwards from the new roadbed slope. Simultaneously, the grouting pipes 10.8 of the first row of composite anchor rods A10 and the second row of composite anchor rods B11 also extend outwards from the new roadbed slope. A slope protection layer 8 is installed on the fill roadbed slope (the grouting pipes 10.8 extend to the outside of the slope protection layer 8). Anchor beams 9 (or prefabricated anchor beams 9) are poured and installed at the positions where the heads of the composite anchor rods A10 and B11 are exposed on the slope protection layer 8. Then, the anchor beams 9 are pressed tightly onto the slope 8 of the fill roadbed using pressure plates and nuts. The anchor beams 9 apply compressive stress to the slope of the fill roadbed, thereby further improving the lateral slippage of the reconstructed and expanded highway fill roadbed during use, and further improving the settlement caused by lateral slippage during use.
[0021] A settlement compensation method for the anti-settlement structure of the embankment subgrade of a reconstructed or expanded highway: When the reconstructed or expanded highway experiences overall settlement over a long section and uneven settlement in localized areas after several years of use, settlement compensation operations are implemented, specifically including the following steps: S1. Starting from the middle of the roadbed where the overall settlement of the roadbed has occurred, expansive cement grout is injected into both sides through the grouting pipe 10.8 of the composite anchor rod A10. The expansive cement grout fills the gaps in the graded crushed stone layer 5.2. The volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout is used to lift the roadbed of the roadbed that has settled. S2. Assume local settlement occurs at the midpoint of the width direction of a certain location on the new pavement 7. First, loosen the nut on the head of the composite anchor B11 corresponding to this location. Then, use a wrench to rotate the anchor B11.1 counterclockwise (90°). The steel ball will fall into the third positioning cone hole of the anchor B11.1 for positioning, so that the grouting groove 11.9.3 in the middle section of the grouting distribution shaft 11.9 is connected to the grout outlet hole B11.2.2 in the middle section of the anchor sleeve B11. Then, retighten the nut on the head of the composite anchor B11. Pressurize and inject expansive cement grout into the composite anchor B11 through the grouting pipe 10.8 of the composite anchor B11. The pressurization pressure and grouting time are determined empirically. The expansive cement grout passes through the anchor sleeve B11. 2. In the middle section, through grout outlet B11.2.2, expandable cement grout is injected into the new subgrade deformation compensation layer 6 and the new subgrade lifting compensation layer 5 below the new pavement 7 where uneven settlement has occurred. Under pressure, the expandable cement grout penetrates and diffuses into the new subgrade deformation compensation layer 6 and the new subgrade lifting compensation layer 5, filling the pores and cracks in the local areas of the new subgrade deformation compensation layer 6 and the new subgrade lifting compensation layer 5. The volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expandable cement grout causes the formation of a support structure for the local soil expansion in both the new subgrade deformation compensation layer 6 and the new subgrade lifting compensation layer 5. This support structure lifts the soil in the local uneven settlement area, thereby compensating for and eliminating the uneven settlement in the local area of the pavement. Example
[0022] In this embodiment, the anti-settlement structure of the embankment subgrade of the reconstructed and expanded highway only has the first row of composite anchor rods A10, but not the second row of composite anchor rods B11; When a long section of the reconstructed and expanded roadbed experiences overall settlement after several years of use, settlement compensation work is carried out: starting from the middle of the settlement section, expansive cement grout is injected into both sides under pressure through the grouting pipes 10.8 of the composite anchor rod A10. The expansive cement grout fills the gaps in the graded crushed stone layer 5.2. The volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout is used to lift the reconstructed and expanded roadbed that has experienced long-term settlement. Example
[0023] In this embodiment, the new roadbed fill height is 13 meters, the first step elevation is 3 meters, the second step elevation is 8 meters, and two rows of anchor bolt holes are drilled horizontally into the old roadbed 1 along the first and second steps respectively. Composite anchor bolts A10 are installed in both rows of anchor bolt holes, but no third row of composite anchor bolts B11 are installed. When a reconstructed or expanded highway has been in use for several years, and the embankment subgrade experiences overall settlement over a long section or uneven settlement in localized areas, settlement compensation work is carried out, which includes the following steps: S1. First, use the first row of composite anchor rods A10 with an elevation of 3 meters to carry out the overall lifting of the fill subgrade of the reconstructed and expanded highway; starting from the middle of the fill subgrade of the reconstructed and expanded highway where the overall settlement has occurred, pressurize and inject expansive cement grout into both sides through the grouting pipes 10.8 of the composite anchor rods A10. The expansive cement grout fills the gaps in the graded crushed stone layer 5.2. Utilize the volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout to first lift the reconstructed and expanded highway fill subgrade that has settled. S2. After using the first row of composite anchor rods A10 at an elevation of 3 meters to carry out the overall lifting operation of the roadbed fill for the reconstruction and expansion of the highway, if the set platform height is not reached, the second row of composite anchor rods A10 at an elevation of 8 meters will be used to carry out the overall lifting operation of the roadbed fill for the reconstruction and expansion of the highway; the specific method is the same as S1. S3. In sections of road with large local settlement, anchor bolt holes are drilled from the slope of the embankment of the reconstructed and expanded highway into the roadbed. The height of the anchor bolt holes is 2 meters away from the top surface of the embankment of the reconstructed and expanded highway, and the depth of the holes is 5 meters into the old roadbed 1. S4, see instruction manual appendix Figure 12 The water-absorbing and expanding cloth 12 is wrapped around the outside of the anchor sleeve A10.2 of the composite anchor A10 with cable ties or steel wire, and the butt joints of the water-absorbing and expanding cloth 12 are staggered from the grout outlet holes A10.2.2; according to the position of local settlement in the width direction of the new pavement 7, the expansion cloth grouting groove 12.1 is opened on the water-absorbing and expanding cloth 12 corresponding to the position of the grout outlet hole A10.2.2; the composite anchor A10 with the water-absorbing and expanding cloth 12 wrapped is placed in the anchor hole of the roadbed slope, and the axes of the two rows of grout outlet holes A10.2.2 are set vertically. S5. Water is injected into the composite anchor rod A10 through the grouting pipe 10.8. The water-absorbing and expanding cloth 12 expands and solidifies after 24 hours when it comes into contact with water, and the composite anchor rod A10 is fixed in the anchor hole. S6. Pressurized injection of expansive cement grout into composite anchor A10 through grouting pipe 10.8. The expansive cement grout penetrates and diffuses into the fill subgrade of the reconstructed and expanded highway through the grout outlet hole A10.2.2 corresponding to the grouting groove 12.1 of the expansive cloth at the set position, filling the pores and cracks in the local area of the fill subgrade. The volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout causes the soil in the local area of the fill subgrade to expand, thereby raising the pavement corresponding to the local settlement area of the fill subgrade and eliminating the uneven settlement of the pavement in the local area.
[0024] The parts of this invention not described in detail are prior art.
Claims
1. A settlement prevention structure for the embankment of a reconstructed and expanded highway, wherein the old roadbed (1) and the new roadbed are joined by excavation steps; characterized in that: Several composite anchor bolts are arranged in an array along the driving direction of the highway within the new roadbed, and the composite anchor bolts are arranged in more than one row in the vertical direction; Composite anchors are made of composite anchor A (10) and composite anchor B (11); the top row of composite anchors on the adjacent new roadbed is made of composite anchor B (11), and the row or several rows of composite anchors located below composite anchor B (11) are made of composite anchor A (10). Composite anchor A (10) is set in the graded crushed stone layer (5.2) of the new roadbed. Waterproof layers (5.1) are set on both the upper and lower sides of the graded crushed stone layer (5.2); Composite anchor B (11) includes anchor B (11.1) and anchor. Anchor sleeve B (11.2) and grouting distribution shaft (11.9) are fixedly installed on anchor bolt B (11.1); anchor sleeve B (11.2) is installed outside the grouting distribution shaft (11.9) and sealed at both ends; both ends of anchor bolt B (11.1) are installed outside anchor sleeve B (11.2), and anchor bolt B (11.1) and anchor sleeve B (11.2) are rotatably connected; two rows of grouting holes B (11.2) are symmetrically arranged along the axis on anchor sleeve B (11.2). 2) Anchor sleeve B (11.2) is fixedly provided with a grouting pipe (10.8) near the head of the composite anchor; several grouting grooves are provided around the axis on the outer circumference of the grouting distribution shaft (11.9). Rotate the anchor B (11.1) so that a certain grouting groove corresponds to the grout outlet B (11.2.2), and control the corresponding grout outlet B (11.2.2) to open. The composite anchor A (10) includes anchor A (10.1) and anchor sleeve A (10.2); the anchor sleeve A (10.2) is set on the anchor A (10.1) External, both ends are sealed, and a closed cavity is formed between the inner wall of the anchor sleeve A (10.2) and the outer circular surface of the anchor rod A (10.1). Both ends of the anchor rod A (10.1) are set outside the anchor sleeve A (10.2). Two rows of grout holes A (10.2.2) are symmetrically arranged along the axis on the anchor sleeve A (10.2). A grouting pipe (10.8) is fixedly installed near the head of the composite anchor rod on the anchor sleeve A (10.2). The axes of the two rows of grout holes A (10.2.2) are set horizontally.
2. The anti-settlement structure for the embankment of the reconstructed and expanded highway as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tail end of the composite anchor extends into the old roadbed (1) and is connected to the old roadbed (1) by injecting expansive cement grout or setting up water-absorbing expansive cloth (12); the head of the composite anchor extends out of the slope of the new roadbed.
3. The anti-settlement structure for the embankment of the reconstructed and expanded highway as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The head of the composite anchor exposed on the new roadbed slope is provided with an anchor beam (9). The head of the composite anchor is pressed onto the slope of the fill roadbed by a pressure plate and a nut.
4. The anti-settlement structure for the embankment of the reconstructed and expanded highway as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Composite anchor A (10) is installed in the graded crushed stone layer (5.2) of the new roadbed. The grout outlet A (10.2.2) of the anchor sleeve A (10.2) is set horizontally. Waterproof layer (5.1) is installed on both the upper and lower sides of the graded crushed stone layer (5.2).
5. The anti-settlement structure for the embankment of the reconstructed and expanded highway according to claim 1, characterized in that: An array of resistance-increasing rings is provided on the outer circumference of anchor sleeve A (10.2) or anchor sleeve B (11.2).
6. A settlement compensation method based on the anti-settlement structure of the reconstructed and expanded highway embankment as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: When the fill subgrade of the reconstructed and expanded highway experiences overall settlement over a long section, starting from the middle of the settlement section, expansive cement grout is injected into both sides through the grouting pipe (10.8) of the composite anchor rod A (10). The expansive cement grout fills the gaps in the graded crushed stone layer (5.2). By utilizing the volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout, the fill subgrade of the reconstructed and expanded highway that has experienced settlement over a long section is lifted as a whole.
7. A settlement compensation method based on the anti-settlement structure of the reconstructed and expanded highway embankment as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: When the fill subgrade of a reconstructed or expanded highway experiences overall settlement over a long section or uneven settlement in a localized area, the settlement compensation includes the following steps: S1. Starting from the middle of the roadbed where the overall settlement of the roadbed has occurred, pressurize and inject expansive cement grout into both sides through the grouting pipe (10.8) of the composite anchor rod A (10). The expansive cement grout fills the gaps in the graded crushed stone layer (5.2). Utilize the volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout to first lift the roadbed where the settlement of the roadbed has occurred. S2. In sections of road with large local settlement, anchor bolt holes are drilled from the slope of the embankment of the reconstructed and expanded highway into the roadbed. The height of the holes is between the top surface of the embankment of the reconstructed and expanded highway and the elevation of the composite anchor bolt A (10). The depth of the holes extends 3-5 meters into the old roadbed (1). S3. Wrap the water-absorbing and expanding cloth (12) around the composite anchor rod A (10), and stagger the joint of the water-absorbing and expanding cloth (12) to the grout outlet A (10.2.2); according to the position of the local settlement in the width direction of the new road surface (7) corresponding to the position of the grout outlet A (10.2.2), open the expansion cloth grouting groove (12.1) on the water-absorbing and expanding cloth (12); place the composite anchor rod A (10) wrapped with water-absorbing and expanding cloth (12) in the anchor rod hole of the slope subgrade, and set the axes of the two rows of grout outlet A (10.2.2) perpendicular to each other; S4. Water is injected into the composite anchor rod A (10) through the grouting pipe (10.8). The water-absorbing and expanding cloth (12) expands and solidifies when it comes into contact with water, thus fixing the composite anchor rod A (10) in the anchor hole. S5. Pressurize and inject expansive cement grout into composite anchor A (10) through grouting pipe (10.8). The expansive cement grout penetrates and diffuses into the fill subgrade of the reconstructed and expanded highway through the grouting hole A (10.2.2) corresponding to the grouting groove (12.1) of the expansive cloth, filling the pores and cracks in the local area of the fill subgrade. Utilize the volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout to cause the soil in the local area of the fill subgrade to expand, thereby raising the pavement corresponding to the local settlement area of the fill subgrade and eliminating the uneven settlement of the local area of the pavement.
8. A settlement compensation method based on the anti-settlement structure of the reconstructed and expanded highway embankment as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: For the overall settlement of a long section of the embankment of a reconstructed or expanded highway and the uneven settlement of local areas, the settlement compensation includes the following steps: S1. Starting from the middle of the roadbed where the overall settlement of the roadbed has occurred, pressurize and inject expansive cement grout into both sides through the grouting pipe (10.8) of the composite anchor rod A (10). The expansive cement grout fills the gaps in the graded crushed stone layer (5.2). Utilize the volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout to first lift the roadbed where the settlement of the roadbed has occurred. S2. Based on the position of the local settlement in the width direction of the new road surface (7), rotate the anchor rod B (11.1) to control the opening of the grout outlet B (11.2.2) corresponding to the area where the local settlement occurred; inject the expansive cement grout into the composite anchor rod B (11) under pressure through the grouting pipe (10.8) of the composite anchor rod B (11). The expansive cement grout penetrates and diffuses into the fill subgrade of the reconstructed and expanded highway at the set position through the corresponding opened grout outlet B (11.2.2), filling the pores and cracks in the local area of the fill subgrade. Utilize the volume expansion generated during the hydration and hardening process of the expansive cement grout to cause the soil in the local area of the fill subgrade to expand, thereby raising the road surface corresponding to the area where the local settlement occurred in the fill subgrade and eliminating the uneven settlement in the local area of the road surface.