An emergency rescue device and early warning method for an earth-rock dam

Abstract

The present application discloses an emergency rescue device and an early warning method for an earth-rock dam. The emergency rescue device for the earth-rock dam includes a flood control and drainage unit and a surrounding unit. The flood control and drainage unit is arranged along the length direction of the earth-rock dam. The flood control and drainage unit includes a blocking assembly for blocking the flood overtopping. The blocking assembly is arranged on the top of the earth-rock dam along the height direction. Drainage holes are provided at the bottom of the blocking assembly. The surrounding unit is arranged at the rear side of the earth-rock dam. The two surrounding units are oppositely arranged on both sides of the steps of the earth-rock dam. An overflow channel is formed between the two surrounding units. The implementation speed of this emergency rescue device for the earth-rock dam is fast, the cost is low, and the occurrence of dam-break accidents can be effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application is used in the technical field of earth-rock dam overtopping emergency rescue, and particularly relates to an earth-rock dam emergency rescue device and an early warning method. Background Art

[0002] An earth-rock dam is a water retaining dam built by filling earth materials, stone materials or mixtures through methods such as dumping and rolling. It accounts for more than 90% of the total number of reservoirs. According to statistics, the failure of earth-rock dams accounts for about 95% of the total number of dam failures. Among them, more than 50% of the dam failure accidents are caused by flood overtopping. Especially in recent years, with the increase of extreme climates and the increasing frequency of extreme heavy rainfall, the proportion of dam failure accidents caused by flood overtopping has increased sharply. When an overtopping danger occurs, timely and effective measures need to be taken to effectively avoid dam failure accidents.

[0003] At present, the main emergency rescue measures for overtopping dangers are mainly two methods: temporarily raising the dam crest and excavating an emergency spillway to increase the discharge. The commonly used methods for temporarily raising the dam crest mainly include the method of building a weir with sandbags and the method of building a weir with piles and willows. However, these methods can only play a role in blocking water. When the water level exceeds the top of the raised weir, there is still a risk of dam failure; excavating an emergency spillway can increase the downstream discharge. However, excavating an emergency spillway requires a long time, high cost and high requirements for the foundation conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provide an earth-rock dam emergency rescue device and an early warning method. Among them, the earth-rock dam emergency rescue device can greatly reduce the risk of dam overtopping and realize the rapid discharge of flood. The early warning method using this earth-rock dam emergency rescue device can effectively avoid the occurrence of dam failure accidents.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this application to solve its technical problems is:

[0006] An earth-rock dam emergency rescue device includes a water blocking and discharging unit and a surrounding unit. The water blocking and discharging unit is arranged along the length direction of the earth-rock dam. The water blocking and discharging unit includes a blocking component for blocking overtopping flood. The blocking component is arranged on the top of the earth-rock dam along the height direction. Drainage holes are provided at the bottom of the blocking component. The surrounding unit is arranged at the rear of the earth-rock dam. The two surrounding units are arranged oppositely on both sides of the earth-rock dam steps, and an overflow channel is formed between the two surrounding units.

[0007] In some embodiments of this application, the blocking component includes a baffle arranged along the height direction, and stiffening ribs are arranged along the height direction at the middle position of the baffle.

[0008] In some embodiments of this application, the drainage holes are opened on the baffle, a drain pipe is connected to the drainage holes, the drain pipe is located at the rear end of the blocking component, and a water stop valve is provided on the water depth drain pipe.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, a diversion groove is provided at the front end of the blocking component, and the diversion groove communicates with the drainage hole.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present application, a support plate and a waterproof cloth are laid on the earth-rock dam crest. The blocking component and the diversion groove are both arranged on the support plate. The rear end of the waterproof cloth is connected to the support plate. A rubber anti-slip pad is provided between the support plate and the earth-rock dam crest. The front end of the waterproof cloth fits against the upstream face of the earth-rock dam, and the front end of the waterproof cloth is lower than the design flood level. A counterweight is connected to the front end of the waterproof cloth.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of the flood discharge and blocking units are arranged along the length direction of the earth-rock dam. Card slots are provided on both sides of the baffle, and the baffles of adjacent flood discharge and blocking units are detachably connected through the card slots.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, the enclosure unit includes a water blocking component and a driving device for opening the water blocking component.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, the water blocking component includes a water blocking cloth and a support rod. The support rod is fixedly connected to the top end of the water blocking cloth. The bottom end of the water blocking cloth extends below the ground. The driving device includes a hydraulic cylinder. The fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder is buried below the ground, and the extending end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the support rod.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present application, an energy dissipation device is provided at the rear end of the enclosure unit. A drainage ditch is provided downstream of the spillway. The energy dissipation device is located in the drainage ditch. The energy dissipation device includes a water blocking component and an anti-slip component that form an included angle with each other. An elastic component is provided between the water blocking component and the anti-slip component. The water blocking component includes a perforated plate. The anti-slip component includes an anti-slip pad laid on the ground. The elastic component includes a spring.

[0015] The present application also provides an early warning method for using the earth-rock dam emergency rescue device according to any one of the above, which includes the following steps:

[0016] Calculate the outflow discharge data of the reservoir in front of the earth-rock dam, calculate the inflow discharge data of the reservoir in front of the earth-rock dam, and predict the reservoir water level according to the water level storage curve;

[0017] When it is predicted that there is a risk of overtopping, install the flood discharge and blocking unit on the earth-rock dam crest, and install the enclosure unit on both sides of the steps of the earth-rock dam.

[0018] One of the technical solutions in the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: The emergency rescue device for earth-rock dams can simultaneously perform the functions of temporarily raising the dam body to resist floods and discharging floods to lower the water level. A plurality of flood control and discharge units are arranged on the top of the earth-rock dam to temporarily raise the dam body to resist floods. The drainage holes slowly release floods, and the flood control and discharge units greatly reduce the risk of dam overtopping. Even if the risk of overtopping occurs, a spillway is formed between the two enclosure units to guide the water flow to quickly discharge. The implementation speed of the emergency rescue device for earth-rock dams is fast and the cost is low.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0021] Figure 1 is one of the perspective views of the flood control and discharge unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 is the perspective view of the enclosure unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 is the side view of the flood control and discharge unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 4 is the top view according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 5 is the second perspective view of the flood control and discharge unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the energy dissipation device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0027] This part will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present application. The preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings. The function of the drawings is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification, enabling people to intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present application, but it cannot be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.

[0028] In the present application, if directions (up, down, left, right, front, and back) are described, it is only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of the present application, rather than indicating or implying that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation on the present application.

[0029] In this application, the meaning of "several" is one or more, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, and understandings such as "greater than", "less than", and "exceeding" do not include the base number; understandings such as "above", "below", and "within" include the base number. In the description of this application, if there is a description of "first" and "second", it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the sequence relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0030] In this application, unless otherwise clearly defined, words such as "set", "installed", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be fixedly connected, or detachably connected, and can also be integrally formed; it can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected or capable of communicating with each other; it can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above words in this application in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0031] Among them, Figure 1 A reference direction coordinate system of the embodiments of this application is given. The following combines Figure 1 the directions shown to describe the embodiments of this application.

[0032] The embodiments of this application provide an emergency rescue device for an earth-rock dam. Refer to Figures 1 to 6 , which includes a flood blocking and discharging unit 100 and a surrounding unit 200. The flood blocking and discharging unit 100 is arranged along the length direction of the earth-rock dam. The flood blocking and discharging unit 100 includes a blocking component 110 for blocking the flood over the dam crest. The blocking component 110 is arranged on the top of the earth-rock dam along the height direction. Drainage holes 120 are provided at the bottom of the blocking component 110. The surrounding unit 200 is arranged at the back of the earth-rock dam. Two surrounding units 200 are arranged oppositely on both sides of the steps of the earth-rock dam. An overflow channel is formed between the two surrounding units 200.

[0033] This emergency rescue device for an earth-rock dam simultaneously has the functions of temporarily raising the dam body to resist floods and discharging floods to lower the water level. Multiple flood blocking and discharging units 100 arranged on the top of the earth-rock dam can temporarily raise the dam body to resist floods. The drainage holes 120 slowly release floods. The flood blocking and discharging unit 100 greatly reduces the risk of the dam crest being overtopped. Even if there is a risk of overtopping, an overflow channel formed between the two surrounding units 200 can guide the water flow to quickly discharge, protecting the lives and property of the people downstream. The implementation speed of this emergency rescue device for an earth-rock dam is fast, the cost is low, and it can effectively avoid the occurrence of dam break accidents.

[0034] Refer to Figure 1, the blocking component 110 includes a baffle 111 arranged in the height direction. A stiffening rib 112 is arranged in the height direction at the middle position of the baffle 111. The moment generated by the self-weight of the flood in the vertical direction of the baffle cancels the moment generated by the flood in the horizontal direction of the baffle, forming a self-locking effect to keep the overall structure of the baffle stable. A stiffening rib is arranged at the middle part of the baffle to enhance the overall structural strength and stability of the baffle.

[0035] See Figure 1 , drain holes 120 are opened on the baffle 111. A drain pipe 130 is connected to the drain holes 120. The drain pipe 130 is located at the rear end of the blocking component 110. A water stop valve 131 is arranged on the drain pipe at the water depth. Drain holes 120 are arranged at the bottom position of the vertical plate, and the drain holes are connected to the drain pipe 130 (drain hose) at the back, which is convenient for discharging the overtopping flood to the downstream drainage ditch.

[0036] See Figure 1 , a diversion groove 140 is arranged at the front end of the blocking component 110. The diversion groove 140 is communicated with the drain holes 120. A diversion groove 140 (two diversion strips are arranged, and a diversion groove is formed between the two diversion strips) is arranged in front of the drain holes 130 to facilitate the smooth inflow of the overtopping flood into the drain pipe.

[0037] See Figure 1 , a support plate 180 and a waterproof cloth 150 are laid on the earth-rock dam top. The blocking component 110 and the diversion groove 140 are both arranged on the support plate 180. A rubber anti-slip pad is arranged between the support plate 180 and the earth-rock dam top. The rear end of the waterproof cloth 150 is connected to the support plate 180. A counterweight 160 is connected to the front end of the waterproof cloth 150, and the front end of the waterproof cloth 150 is lower than the design flood level. A counterweight 160 is connected to the front end of the waterproof cloth 150. The front end of the waterproof cloth 150 is attached to the upstream face of the earth-rock dam. When an overtopping danger occurs, the setting of the waterproof cloth 150 can effectively reduce the phreatic line of the dam body, thereby reducing the risk of seepage failure of the dam body. The baffle is tightly connected to the waterproof cloth 150. The function of the waterproof cloth 150 arranged at the front end of the baffle is to reduce the phreatic line of the dam body during overtopping and reduce the risk of seepage failure of the dam body. The counterweight 160 is mainly used for weighting the waterproof cloth at the front end of the baffle, so that the waterproof cloth can sink into the water and be attached to the upstream face of the dam.

[0038] See Figure 5 , a plurality of flood discharge and blocking units 100 are arranged along the length direction of the earth-rock dam. Clamping grooves 170 are arranged on both sides of the baffle 111. The baffles 111 of adjacent flood discharge and blocking units 100 are detachably connected through the clamping grooves 170. The flood discharge and blocking units 100 can be quickly spliced through the clamping grooves, and a continuous water-blocking structure is formed on the dam top to resist the overtopping flood.

[0039] See Figure 2, the enclosure unit 200 includes a water blocking component 210 and a driving device 220 for opening the water blocking component 210. When the driving device 220 receives a warning signal issued by the overtopping danger warning device, the driving device 220 operates and the water blocking component 210 opens.

[0040] See Figure 2 , the water blocking component 210 includes a water blocking cloth 211 and a support rod 212. The support rod 212 is fixedly connected to the top end of the water blocking cloth 211. The bottom end of the water blocking cloth 211 extends below the ground. The driving device 220 includes a hydraulic cylinder. The fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder is buried below the ground, and the extending end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the support rod 212. In the event of an overtopping danger, the water blocking cloths 211 on both sides of the step automatically rise and jointly form an emergency spillway with the steps of the earth-rock dam to achieve rapid flood discharge. When there is no overtopping danger, the support rod 212 does not rise and the water blocking cloth 211 is located within the ground to avoid affecting the overall landscape of the earth-rock dam.

[0041] In some embodiments, an energy dissipation device 300 is provided at the rear end of the enclosure unit 200, a drainage ditch 400 is provided downstream of the spillway, the energy dissipation device 300 is located within the drainage ditch 400, the energy dissipation device 300 includes a water blocking member 310 and an anti-slip member 320 that form an angle with each other, and an elastic member 330 is provided between the water blocking member 310 and the anti-slip member 320. The water blocking member 310 includes a perforated plate, the anti-slip member 320 includes an anti-slip pad laid on the ground, and the elastic member 330 includes a spring.

[0042] A warning method for an earth-rock dam emergency rescue device using any one of the above, which includes the following steps:

[0043] Calculate the discharge flow data of the reservoir in front of the earth-rock dam, calculate the inflow flow data of the reservoir in front of the earth-rock dam, and predict the reservoir water level according to the water level storage curve;

[0044] When it is predicted that there is an overtopping risk, install the blocking and discharging unit 100 on the top of the earth-rock dam and install the enclosure unit 200 on both sides of the steps of the earth-rock dam.

[0045] Among them, the discharge flow data Qc of the reservoir in front of the earth-rock dam = the discharge flow Qcm of the water conveyance tunnel + the discharge flow Qci of the spillway.

[0046] Discharge flow of the water conveyance tunnel In the formula, m1 is the flow coefficient, A is the cross-sectional area of the water conveyance tunnel, i is the slope of the tunnel, L is the length of the tunnel. A water level gauge is set in front of the earth-rock dam to obtain the real-time water level data Hi in front of the dam, and a water depth gauge is set at the outlet of the water conveyance tunnel to obtain the water depth hc at the outlet of the water conveyance tunnel.

[0047] The calculation method of the discharge flow Qci of the spillway is as follows:

[0048] For the discharge of an open WES-type practical weir, it can be calculated according to ; for the discharge of an orifice practical weir with a breast wall, it can be calculated according to ; for the non-submerged outflow with the gate fully open of a broad-crested weir, the discharge can be calculated according to .

[0049] In the above formulas, B is the total net width of the overflow weir, m2 and m3 are the discharge coefficients of the practical weir and the broad-crested weir respectively, c is the correction coefficient for the influence of the upstream weir slope, ε is the side contraction coefficient of the pier, h0 is the water depth at the control section of the spillway obtained by a water depth gauge in the spillway, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and σ s is the submergence coefficient.

[0050] Calculate the discharge of the water conveyance tunnel out of the reservoir. In the formula, m1 is the discharge coefficient, A is the cross-sectional area of the water conveyance tunnel, i is the slope of the tunnel, and L is the length of the tunnel.

[0051] Calculate the inflow Qr of the reservoir in front of the earth-rock dam. The inflow Qr = the inflow Q generated by rainfall rj + other inflows Q rq . Obtain the real-time rainfall data Ri in the reservoir area through a rain gauge, invert and predict the inflow Q rj generated at any time after rainfall through the rainfall data, and calculate the other inflows Q rq of the reservoir through the other inflows obtained.

[0052] Combined with the water level-storage capacity curve, predict the water level of the reservoir. When there is a risk of overtopping in the prediction, initiate the emergency response for overtopping danger, send a warning signal to the reservoir management unit and relevant departments through a data transmission device, and at the same time automatically start the emergency rescue device for the earth-rock dam. After receiving the warning, the reservoir management personnel quickly arrange multiple flood control and discharge units on the upstream side of the dam, and at the same time arrange the energy dissipation plate at a suitable position at the dam toe (inside the drainage ditch 400), and start the enclosure unit.

[0053] In the description of this specification, the description referring to terms such as "example", "embodiment" or "some embodiments" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0054] Certainly, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make equivalent deformations or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these equivalent deformations or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An emergency rescue device for an earth-rock dam, characterized in that: It includes a flood blocking and discharging unit and a surrounding enclosure unit. The flood blocking and discharging unit is arranged along the length direction of the earth-rock dam. The flood blocking and discharging unit includes a blocking component for blocking the overtopping flood. The blocking component is arranged on the top of the earth-rock dam along the height direction. Drainage holes are provided at the bottom of the blocking component, and drain pipes are connected to the drainage holes. The drain pipes are located at the rear end of the blocking component. The surrounding enclosure unit is provided at the rear side of the earth-rock dam. Two surrounding enclosure units are arranged oppositely on both sides of the steps of the earth-rock dam. An overflow channel is formed between the two surrounding enclosure units. The surrounding enclosure unit includes a water blocking component and a driving device for opening the water blocking component. The water blocking component includes a water blocking cloth and a support rod. The support rod is fixedly connected to the top end of the water blocking cloth. The bottom end of the water blocking cloth extends below the ground. The driving device includes a hydraulic cylinder. The fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder is buried below the ground, and the extending end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the support rod. In case of an overtopping danger, the water blocking cloths on both sides of the steps automatically rise and jointly form an overflow channel with the steps of the earth-rock dam.

2. The emergency rescue device for earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blocking component includes a baffle arranged along the height direction. A stiffening rib is arranged along the height direction at the middle position of the baffle.

3. The emergency rescue device for earth-rock dams according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drainage holes are opened on the baffle, and a water stop valve is provided on the drain pipe.

4. The emergency rescue device for earth-rock dams according to claim 3, characterized in that: A diversion groove is provided at the front end of the blocking component, and the diversion groove is communicated with the drainage holes.

5. The emergency rescue device for earth-rock dams according to claim 4, characterized in that: A support plate and a waterproof cloth are laid on the top of the earth-rock dam. The blocking component and the diversion groove are both arranged on the support plate. A rubber anti-slip pad is provided between the support plate and the top of the earth-rock dam. The rear end of the waterproof cloth is connected to the support plate. The front end of the waterproof cloth is attached to the upstream face of the earth-rock dam, and the front end of the waterproof cloth is lower than the design flood level. A counterweight is connected to the front end of the waterproof cloth.

6. The emergency rescue device for earth-rock dams according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of flood blocking and discharging units are arranged along the length direction of the earth-rock dam. Card slots are provided on both sides of the baffle. The baffles of adjacent flood blocking and discharging units are detachably connected through the card slots.

7. The emergency rescue device for earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that: An energy dissipation device is provided at the rear end of the surrounding enclosure unit. A drainage ditch is provided downstream of the overflow channel. The energy dissipation device is located in the drainage ditch. The energy dissipation device includes a water blocking component and an anti-slip component that form an included angle with each other. An elastic component is provided between the water blocking component and the anti-slip component. The water blocking component includes a perforated plate. The anti-slip component includes an anti-slip pad laid on the ground. The elastic component includes a spring.

8. A warning method for using the emergency rescue device for earth-rock dams according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Calculate the data of the outflow discharge of the reservoir in front of the earth-rock dam, calculate the data of the inflow discharge of the reservoir in front of the earth-rock dam, and predict the reservoir water level according to the water level storage curve. When it is predicted that there is a risk of overtopping, install the flood blocking and discharging unit on the top of the earth-rock dam, and install the surrounding enclosure unit on both sides of the steps of the earth-rock dam.

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