A high-yield corn planting method based on density and fertilization combination

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of maize planting technology, and discloses a high-yield maize planting method based on a combination of density and fertilization, comprising the following steps: S1, planting maize using a wide-narrow row planting method; S2, planting maize in wide rows... 2 Calculate the planting spacing for wide-narrow row planting method using formula s. 1 =(1 / ax) 1 )*666.7, calculate the original corn planting spacing x 1 , will x 1 and y 2 Substitute the value into x 2 y 2 / 2=x 1 Given a / 2, calculate the planting spacing x when using the wide-narrow row planting method. 2 S3. Based on the narrow row y in step S1 1 、wide line y 2 Plant spacing x 2 Plant corn; S4, apply base fertilizer and top-dress with nitrogen fertilizer. This invention can ensure that the space occupied by individual corn plants remains unchanged by adjusting the spacing between wide and narrow rows, thus overcoming the technical bottleneck of increasing plant density without reducing yield, realizing the logic and formula of plant spacing optimization, and thereby achieving an overall yield increase.

Description

A high-yield maize planting method based on a combination of density and fertilization Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of corn planting technology, specifically relating to a high-yield corn planting method based on a combination of density and fertilization. Background Technology

[0002] In the Hebei Plain region, current technology mostly involves planting corn with a row spacing of 60cm, resulting in a density of approximately 4500 plants per mu (667 square meters) and a yield of 600-650 kg per mu. To increase the yield, the planting density needs to be increased. However, the main photosynthetic leaf of corn is located in the middle of the plant, and blindly increasing the density will cause the plant to become shady, resulting in poor photosynthesis and reduced yield. In addition, as the number of plants increases, fertilizer application will inevitably increase as well. However, it is currently only known that the amount of fertilizer applied is positively correlated with the increase in planting density. With the increase in planting density, it is impossible to accurately add fertilizer, and fertilizer needs to be added based on experience. Applying too much or too little fertilizer will affect the crop yield. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-yield corn planting method based on the combination of density and fertilization. By adjusting the spacing between wide and narrow rows, the space occupied by individual corn plants can be kept constant, breaking the technical bottleneck of increasing individual density without reducing yield. This realizes the logic and formula of optimizing plant spacing, thereby achieving an overall increase in yield.

[0004] The specific technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0005] A high-yield maize cultivation method based on a combination of density and fertilization includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. The corn is planted using a wide and narrow row planting method. Two rows of corn form a unit. The row spacing between adjacent rows of corn is the narrow row y1, and the row spacing between adjacent units is the wide row y2. y1+y2=120cm.

[0007] S2. Calculate the planting spacing for the wide-narrow row planting method based on the wide row y2. According to the formula s1=(1 / ax1)×666.7, where s1 is the conventional planting density of corn in units of plants / acre, a is the conventional row spacing of corn in units of m, and x1 is the original planting spacing of corn in units of m, substitute the original corn planting density s1 and row spacing a to calculate the original corn planting spacing x1.

[0008] Substitute the values ​​of x1 and y2 into x2y2 / 2 = x1a / 2, where x2 is the new planting spacing of corn in meters, and calculate the planting spacing x2 when using the wide-narrow row planting method;

[0009] S3. Plant corn according to the narrow row y1, wide row y2, and planting spacing x2 in step S1;

[0010] S4, Apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu (unit of land area) 底 For 40-50kg, N 底 The nitrogen content is N 氮 The unit is kg, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied per mu (unit of land area) is N. 追 = (4.05 × 10 -3 -N 氮 / s2)s2, where s2=(1 / ax2)×666.7.

[0011] In step S1, the range of the wide row y2 is 60cm-y3, where x3y3 / 2 = x1a / 2, x3 is the plant spacing when the local corn yield is at its highest, and y3 is the maximum value of the wide row.

[0012] The topdressing in step S3 is located between two rows of corn within the same unit.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0014] 1. In traditional corn planting techniques, a wide-narrow row method is used to increase yield. This method optimizes the spatial layout of individual plants and increases the yield per plant by enhancing photosynthesis. However, this method does not change the planting density and has limited effect on increasing the yield per acre.

[0015] Therefore, this invention increases the plant spacing based on the wide-narrow row planting method. Simply increasing the plant spacing would affect the individual space of the plants. However, according to the formula x2y2 / 2 = x1a / 2, where x1a / 2 is the space occupied by a single corn plant when planting with the conventional equal spacing method (the dotted box in Figure 1), and x2y2 / 2 is the space occupied by a single corn plant when planting with the wide-narrow row method of this invention (the dotted box in Figure 2), taking Hebei Province as an example, the conventional method of planting corn with an equal spacing of 60cm, with a planting density of 4500 plants / mu, requires a plant spacing of 24.7cm, that is, the space required for corn is (60cm / 2) × 24.7cm = 741cm. 2 According to the formula x²y² / 2 = x¹a / 2, we can ensure that x²y² / 2 = 741cm. 2 Therefore, when the wide row y2 = 80cm, x2 = 18.525cm. This means that by increasing the planting density (reducing the plant spacing), the space occupied by individual corn plants can remain unchanged by adjusting the spacing between the wide and narrow rows. This breaks through the technical bottleneck of increasing plant density without reducing yield, realizes the logic and formula of plant spacing optimization, and thus achieves an overall increase in yield.

[0016] In addition, with the increase in the number of plants, nitrogen fertilizer needs to be applied in a timely manner. According to researchers' experiments, a single corn plant requires approximately 4.05g of nitrogen fertilizer over its lifetime, while the nitrogen content of the base fertilizer (phosphorus and potassium fertilizer) is approximately 25%, i.e., N... 氮= 0.25 N 底 Therefore, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer N applied should be... 追 = (4.05 × 10 -3 -0.25 N 底 / s2)s2.

[0017] 2. The maximum width of the row in this invention is y3. Taking Hebei Province as an example, the highest yield record in Hebei Province is 1035.49 kg / mu. This record is the limit of the land potential in Hebei Province. Therefore, the high yield potential is set at 1000 kg / mu. Calculated at 150g per plant, the density is 6666.76 plants / mu. Based on the high yield potential, the corn is planted with 6666 plants (s3), with an average row spacing of 0.6m (a). According to the formula s3=(1 / ax3)×666.7, the plant spacing x3=0.1666m, that is, the limit of the plant spacing in Hebei Province is 0.1666m. If the plant spacing is further reduced, the planting density will exceed the limit of the land potential, and the corn plants will compete for growth resources, which will lead to a decline in the total yield. According to x3y3 / 2= x1a / 2, the width of the row y3=89.2cm, that is, the maximum width of the row in Hebei Province is 89.2cm. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 shows the original method of planting corn with equal row spacing;

[0019] Figure 2 shows the wide-narrow row maize planting method. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] I. Specific Implementation Methods

[0022] Taking the plains of Hebei Province as an example,

[0023] A high-yield maize cultivation method based on a combination of density and fertilization includes the following steps:

[0024] S1. The corn is planted using a wide-narrow row planting method, with two rows of corn forming a unit. The row spacing between adjacent rows of corn is 40 cm for the narrow row and 80 cm for the wide row between adjacent units.

[0025] S2. Calculate the planting spacing for the wide-narrow row planting method using the wide row y2. Taking Hebei Province as an example, corn is conventionally planted with an equal spacing of 60cm. Calculate the planting density at 4500 plants / mu. According to the formula s1=(a1 / x1)×666.7, where the conventional corn planting density s1=4500 plants / mu and the conventional corn row spacing a=0.6 m, substitute the values ​​of s1 and a into the formula to find the original corn planting spacing x1=24.7 cm.

[0026] Substituting x1=24.7 cm and y2=80 cm into x2y2 / 2=x1a / 2, we can find that when planting with a 40cm narrow row and an 80cm wide row, the planting spacing x2=18.5 cm.

[0027] S3. Corn is planted using a wide-narrow row planting method with narrow rows of 40 cm, wide rows of 80 cm, and plant spacing of 18.5 cm. According to the formula s2=(1 / ax2)×666.7, the density s2 of the wide-narrow row planting method is 6006 plants / mu.

[0028] S4, Apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu (unit of land area) 底 For 50 kg, 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer contains nitrogen (N). 氮 =12.5kg, according to the formula N 追 = (4.05 × 10 -3 -N 氮 / s2)s2,N 追 =11.82kg, which means that 11.82kg of nitrogen fertilizer needs to be applied to each mu of corn.

[0029] Comparative Example 1

[0030] Corn was planted in 40 cm narrow rows and 80 cm wide rows, with a plant spacing of 24.7 cm. The amount of topdressing fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) was N. 追 The calculated weight is 7.725 kg. (Total density is 4500 plants / acre, with each plant occupying 988 cm²) 2 (High yield per plant, low total yield)

[0031] Comparative Example 2

[0032] Corn was planted with a row spacing of 60 cm and a plant spacing of 18.5 cm. The amount of topdressing fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) was N. 追 With base fertilizer amount N 底 Same as Example 1. (Total density is 6000 plants / acre, the same as Example 1, with each plant occupying 555cm² of space.) 2 (Small yield per plant, small total yield)

[0033] Comparative Example 3

[0034] Corn was planted in narrow rows of 30.8 cm and wide rows of 89.2 cm, with a plant spacing of 16.7 cm. The amount of topdressing fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) was N. 追 The calculated weight is 14.44 kg. (6653 plants)

[0035] (The total density is greater than 6,000 plants / mu, but the plant spacing of 15cm exceeds the land potential limit of Hebei Province (16.666cm), so the yield per plant and the total yield should be reduced sharply.)

[0036] Comparative Example 4

[0037] Corn was planted in narrow rows of 14.2 cm and wide rows of 105.8 cm, with a plant spacing of 14 cm. The amount of topdressing fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) was N. 追 The calculated yield is 19.64 kg. 7936 plants.

[0038] II. Performance Testing

[0039] Multiple areas were divided into the same experimental field, and the same batch of maize seeds were planted in each area according to the planting methods in the examples and comparative examples. The maize in different areas were cultivated using the same cultivation parameters (such as watering amount, number of times the soil was loosened, etc.) during the cultivation period. The maize was harvested after 120 days of planting, and parameters such as yield per mu and yield per maize plant in different areas were recorded. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0040] Table 1

[0041]

[0042] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 shows that the space occupied by a single corn plant in Example 1 is 741 cm². 2 In Comparative Example 1, the space occupied by a single corn plant is 988 cm². 2 While increasing the space occupied by a single corn plant will increase the yield per plant to some extent, the method in Comparative Example 2 will reduce the planting density of corn, thereby reducing the total yield.

[0043] A comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 shows that the space occupied by a single corn plant in Comparative Example 2 is 555 cm². 2 The corn planting density was the same as in Example 1. It can be seen that Example 1 increased the space occupied by a single corn plant and increased the yield per plant while maintaining the same planting density, thereby increasing the total yield.

[0044] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3-4 shows that the corn plant spacing in Comparative Example 3 was 16.7 meters, which represents the maximum density of land potential in Hebei Province. Although the plant spacing was smaller than in Example 1, the increased row spacing ensured that the space occupied by each corn plant remained the same, so the yield per corn plant in Comparative Example 3 was not significantly different from that in Example 1. In contrast, while the planting density in Comparative Example 4 was high, reaching over 7900 plants, it exceeded the current maximum yield potential for corn in Hebei Province. The competition for growth resources among the corn plants led to a sharp decline in the yield per plant, ultimately resulting in a decrease in total yield.

Claims

1. A high-yield maize planting method based on a combination of density and fertilization in the Hebei Plain region, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Plant corn using a wide-narrow row planting method, with two columns of corn forming one unit. The row spacing between adjacent columns is the narrow row spacing y1, and the row spacing between adjacent units is the wide row spacing y2, where y1 + y2 = 120 cm. S2. Calculate the plant spacing for the wide-narrow row planting method using the wide row spacing y2. According to the formula s1 = (1 / ax1) × 666.7, where s1 is the conventional corn planting density (plants / acre), a is the conventional corn row spacing (a = 0.6, m), and x1 is the original corn plant spacing (m), substitute the original corn planting density s1 and row spacing a to calculate the original corn plant spacing x1. Substitute the values ​​of x1 and y2 into x2y2 / 2 = ... x1a / 2, where x2 is the new planting spacing of corn in meters, calculate the planting spacing x2 using the wide-narrow row planting method; S3, plant corn according to the narrow row y1, wide row y2, and planting spacing x2 from step S1; S4, the nitrogen fertilizer required for a single corn plant throughout its life is 4.05g, and the base fertilizer N per mu is phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. 底 For 40-50kg, N 底 The nitrogen content is N 氮 The unit is kg, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied per mu (unit of land area) is N. 追 = (4.05 × 10 -3 -N 氮 / s2)s2, where s2=(1 / ax2)×666.

7.

2. The high-yield maize planting method based on density and fertilization combination in the Hebei Plain region according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the range of the wide row y2 is 60cm-y3, where x3y3 / 2 = x1a / 2, x3 is the plant spacing when the local corn yield is at its highest, and y3 is the maximum value of the wide row.

3. The high-yield maize planting method based on density and fertilization combined in the Hebei Plain region according to claim 1, characterized in that, The location for applying fertilizer in step S3 is the narrow row area.

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