A cultivation method for improving field seeding and seedling emergence rate of Xinjiang cotton

Abstract

The application discloses a cultivation method for improving field seeding and seedling emergence rate of Xinjiang cotton, and relates to the technical field of Xinjiang cotton planting, which comprises the following steps: before and after cotton harvesting in the previous year, once mixed bacteria liquid is applied for water supplement before the recovery of drip irrigation pipes and agricultural films; 1-2 months after the water supplement, biological fertilizer is applied on the surface layer of soil before freezing, and soil loosening and initial arrangement are carried out; 20-30 days before cotton seeding, base fertilizer is applied or spring seeding soil is arranged, and the mixed material of "compound bacterial agent-amino acid" is used for soil in the plough layer 0-30 cm; the mass ratio is 1:3-5; 7 days before seeding, cotton seeds are coated with Weizhiman's bacteria agent; 2-3 days before seeding, fine soil preparation is carried out, soil particles are reduced, the soil layer is kept flat, impurities are removed, and ridges are formed; and then, cotton is seeded; 5-7 hours of seedling emergence water is irrigated within 24 hours after seeding; according to the drip water seedling emergence, local irrigation is adopted, and the irrigation index is the center of the drip irrigation pipe belt, and the penetration is 3-4 cm to the two sides of the cotton row.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of Xinjiang cotton planting, and more particularly to a cultivation method for improving the field sowing emergence rate of Xinjiang cotton. BACKGROUND

[0002] Cotton sowing season mainly relies on underground water and snowmelt water for irrigation, and water resource shortage is an important factor restricting the development of cotton; solving the current pain points and bottlenecks in the process of Xinjiang cotton production and carrying out efficient planting management are important missions of cotton researchers serving cotton farmers.

[0003] The sowing technology in Xinjiang cotton planting generally adopts the following steps: firstly, salt and alkali are pressed by large water flooding irrigation combined with winter irrigation, then soil preparation (irrigation once) is carried out before spring ploughing and sowing, followed by field machine finishing operation, film covering, laying of drip pipe pipeline, finally, film punching sowing, soil covering, completion of sowing work and waiting for emergence, and beginning of the field growth management of the year's cotton. Based on this environment, the dry sowing and wet emergence and drip irrigation emergence technology of cotton field emerges as the times require. The so-called dry sowing and wet emergence technology of cotton is a water-saving sowing technology that, due to less rainfall during the sowing period in Xinjiang cotton area of China, the soil is directly ploughed and prepared before sowing without irrigation, then the film is laid and the drip pipe equipment is laid, followed by film sowing and soil covering, and then the soil of the sowing layer is timely irrigated and moistened to promote emergence. As a result of reducing winter irrigation and spring irrigation and only using water for emergence after sowing, the water use efficiency is greatly improved, the amount of farmland water use in oasis is saved, and the pressure of regional water regulation is relieved. However, due to the poor soil bottom solum before sowing of Xinjiang cotton, the cotton emergence rate is also reduced, which is not conducive to the production and management of cotton. Therefore, under the mode of drip irrigation emergence technology, how to maximize the emergence rate of sown cotton and make cotton seeds obtain a comparable emergence rate to their own emergence rate under the conditions of relatively unfavorable field environment, limited water supply and low temperature is a core problem under this technology condition.

[0004] Chinese patent publication CN116574514A provides a Xinjiang saline-alkali soil improver and its application. By applying it to saline-alkali land early-maturing cotton planting, the cotton emergence rate in saline-alkali land can be significantly improved (+23.1%~26.0%). This is mainly achieved by forming a saline-alkali soil improver with acidic cotton short lint 80~90 parts, urea 2~4 parts, calcium lignosulfonate 1~3 parts, etc., reducing the soil pH by 0.23~0.26, thereby improving the emergence rate of early-maturing cotton in Xinjiang saline-alkali land. Further, Chinese patent publication CN115589918A (application number 202211360074.7) discloses a cotton dry sowing wet emergence early management technology and application, which mainly detects the total salt in the soil through sampling, which is helpful to solve the water problem and seedling emergence obstacles in cotton production. In addition, Chinese patent publication CN115500230A also reports a planting method for dry sowing and wet emergence of cotton in clay soil, which improves the cotton emergence rate and seedling strength of clay soil through 6-step measures, i.e. increasing the amount of winter irrigation before harvesting 30-40m 3 / acre to increase the soil moisture → plowing and harrowing the field before sowing, compacting the soil, and using diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate → using a 63cm+13cm mode during sowing, burying the drip irrigation tape at a depth of 10-20cm, with a flow rate of 2.1L / h and a spacing of 20cm → the soil sealing method is side sealing → the drip irrigation device has an air addition setting during water replenishment, with a set pure irrigation water volume of 15-25m 3 / acre, uniform irrigation, etc. → cotton hole covering, other management. Chinese patent authorization CN108863592B also discloses a saline-alkali land cotton emergence multi-effect nutrient composition, preparation method and application method, which improves the activity of saline-alkali land, inhibits and prevents pests and diseases, and provides nutrition and promotes growth for cotton, thereby realizing the emergence of cotton in saline-alkali land.

[0005] The above patents mainly improve the cotton emergence rate in the field by monitoring soil salinity before sowing, using soil desalination and improvement, irrigation and water management during sowing, and using various compound microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) to promote emergence after sowing, providing certain technical and material support for cotton seedling in Xinjiang. However, although the dry sowing and wet emergence technology can alleviate the water shortage in Xinjiang agriculture, it reduces the use of ground irrigation water, and due to the vastness of Xinjiang, the various field microclimate environments and the planting habits of cotton farmers vary greatly, resulting in different implementation difficulties and seedling effects of the technology, making it difficult to achieve high-quality emergence of the dry sowing technology in all regions. The low emergence rate of some cotton fields is still common in reality, and the reasons are varied. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective and multi-technical approaches to ensure the emergence rate, which is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the application is based on systematic and whole-process management thinking, uses fine biological, chemical and mechanical energy and other material inputs, and carries out whole-process technical support to improve soil environment quality and crop seedling management quality, and helps cotton seed stable seedling, so as to help solve the key bottleneck problem of the advanced technology of dry sowing and wet seedling, realize stable seedling rate and seedling quality, and guarantee the overall promotion and application of dry sowing and wet seedling in Xinjiang cotton field.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] A cultivation method for improving the seedling rate of Xinjiang cotton field sowing, characterized in that the process comprises:

[0009] 1) Before and after the cotton harvest of the previous year, a mixed bacterial liquid of Weiziman coagulase, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis is applied once for water supplement before the recovery of drip irrigation pipes and agricultural films, and 1-2 months after the water supplement, biological fertilizer is applied on the surface layer of the soil before freezing, and soil loosening and preliminary arrangement are carried out;

[0010] 2) 20-30 days before cotton sowing, a "compound bacterial agent-amino acid" mixed material is used in the soil within 0-30 cm of the plough layer in combination with pre-sowing base fertilizer or spring sowing soil arrangement measures; the mass ratio is 1:3-5; preferably 1:3.5. The use amount of the mixed material is 3750-5250 g / ha, preferably 4500 g / ha.

[0011] 3) 7 days before sowing, cotton seeds are treated with coagulation Weiziman bacterial agent;

[0012] 4) 2-3 days before sowing, fine tillage is carried out to reduce soil particles, keep the soil layer flat, remove impurities, and fine tillage: large-scale harrow tools are used to fine arrange the soil in the plough layer, and the harrow is used 1-2 times more than the original mode, so that the soil in the plough layer reaches the technical effect of "fine, flat, clean and ridge". The characteristic is that the sowing layer is formed in small particles in the soil near 20 cm deep in the surface layer, the diameter is less than 10 mm, that is, "fine"; the soil surface in the sowing area of the plough layer is within 5 cm, that is, "flat"; the sowing area has less residual film, less weeds and less straw residue, that is, "clean". At the same time, salt guide ridges are made, the main characteristics are that a salt guide ridge with a height of 20 cm and a width of 40 cm is set every 18-22 meters in the parallel direction of the sowing row in the field, the cross section of the salt guide ridge is semicircular or narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the soil is compacted when the ridge is formed, that is, "ridge".

[0013] And ridging and sowing are carried out;

[0014] 5) 5-7h after irrigation within 24h after sowing, according to the seedling emergence by dripping water, adopt local irrigation, irrigation index is the center of drip irrigation pipe belt, permeate 3-4cm to both sides of cotton row.

[0015] Preferably, in step 1), the mixed bacteria solution contains Weizmannia conjuncta, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis, with a mass ratio of 2:1:1, wherein the viable count of Weizmannia conjuncta is 20×10 9 CFU / L, and the total mixed bacteria solution usage is 30-60L / hm 2 .

[0016] Preferably, in step 1), the process of applying biological fertilizer is: applying biological fertilizer 600-750kg / hm2 in the plough layer of cotton field; before freezing, ploughing and loosening the soil surface layer 20-30cm, and cleaning the crop residue and residual film in the plough layer.

[0017] Preferably, in step 2), the mixed material is mixed by a composite microbial agent composition and a polyamino acid composition, wherein the composite microbial agent composition is a combined microbial agent of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus megaterium, with a mass ratio of 1:1.3-1.6. Preferably, in step 2), the polyamino acid composition includes polyglutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid and threonine, with a mass ratio of 1.5:1:0.8:0.75.

[0018] Preferably, in step 3), the seed dressing is: dissolving and wetting the bacteria powder with water, then putting it into the auxiliary material for fully stirring, so that the suspension is uniformly dispersed without air bubbles, then fully mixing the suspension and the seeds to make them adhere to the surface of the seeds, and drying in a cool place for standby; wherein the mass ratio of Weizmannia conjuncta, auxiliary material, water and seeds is 5g:10g:100g:1000g.

[0019] Preferably, the auxiliary material is selected from talc and defatted corn starch, with a mass ratio of 1:1.5-3.0, preferably 1:2.

[0020] Preferably, in step 4), during sowing, according to the working width and characteristics of the sowing machine, sowing is carried out row by row and film by film in the ploughed land between the salt guide ridges, and the sowing adopts the direct above of the film hole to seal the soil, and the sealing thickness is 0.3-1cm.

[0021] Preferably, the irrigation procedure in step 5) is: clear water 1.5-2h→ adding soil conditioner to the front end of the drip pipe system 3-4h→ continuing to drip clear water for 2.5-3h.

[0022] Preferably, the soil conditioner is a mixture of ascorbic acid, indole butyric acid and an auxiliary agent, wherein the mass ratio of ascorbic acid: indole butyric acid: auxiliary agent: water = 2:1:4:13, the auxiliary agent is a 0.5 mol / L sodium ethoxide solution, and the soil conditioner is used in an amount of 70-110 L / ha of soil conditioner mixture.

[0023] Through the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the application provides a set of technology for improving the emergence rate of perennial cotton in Xinjiang, and the main advantages are as follows:

[0024] 1) Based on the long-term planting system management of Xinjiang cotton field, a whole-process sowing technology is designed from the management of winter fallow field after harvesting, to spring ploughing management, to pre-sowing management, which ensures the extension of the sowing technology chain, thereby ensuring the cotton one-sowing seedling.

[0025] 2) The addition of Weizhiman coagulation bacillus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus velezensis and other strains is conducive to neutralizing the salt and alkali ions in the plough layer of the cotton field, improving the soil environment of the plough layer, and promoting the improvement and management of the saline-alkali land in Xinjiang. Further, before sowing, the soil plough layer 0-30 cm is supplemented with combined microbial agents (bacterial powder) of trichoderma harzianum and bacillus megaterium and a multi-amino acid complex for soil mixing. On the one hand, it is conducive to the formation of a soil probiotic complex microbial community, combined with Weizhiman coagulation bacillus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus velezensis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus megaterium and other microbial communities. It improves the soil micro-probiotic biological abundance and promotes the improvement of soil fertility; on the other hand, the multi-amino acid complex is not only conducive to the growth of probiotics, but also provides effective organic small molecule active substances for seed germination, which promotes the further activation of soil beneficial microorganisms after sowing, and relieves the stress of salt and alkali ions in the seed root zone environment. The selection of light seed coating treatment further integrates the microorganisms adsorbed on the seed epidermis, which is conducive to the seed in the plough layer to avoid the invasion of harmful soil-borne pathogens during germination and seedling root growth, and reduces seedling diseases.

[0026] 3) Ascorbic acid and indole butyric acid act on the germinating cotton seed root system in a certain proportion, which is conducive to improving the emergence rate and topsoil capacity, and ascorbic acid can also improve the stress resistance of crops, thereby ultimately improving the emergence rate of cotton seed sowing, especially in the emergence rate of continuous cropping cotton field and saline-alkali land, which promotes the seedling and full seedling of continuous cropping cotton field, thereby ensuring the yield increase and harvest of cotton.

[0027] 4) In the field preparation process, by combining the machine operation mode, increase 1-2 times of harrow, especially for the granulation treatment of topsoil, which is conducive to build a good seeding soil layer; further, the salt ridge and its parameters are set, which effectively reduces the salt and alkali ion concentration in the non-crop root growth zone of the plough layer, which is conducive to the emergence and growth. Based on the above technical combination, the seed emergence rate of saline-alkali soil is increased by more than 7.8 percentage points, and the seedling emergence is advanced by more than 1.1-1.73 days.

[0028] 5) The present application provides a new support and new way for the comprehensive and effective promotion of the cotton dry seeding and wet emergence technology, and also provides a technical guarantee for the sustainable production of cotton. By adopting the cotton dry seeding and wet emergence technology mode, the present application realizes water saving of more than 20% during the whole growth period. Although the implementation of the present technology has a long span in the process, it effectively improves the dry seeding and wet emergence technology of different plots and different management modes, has the advantages of saving agricultural water, improving the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, and realizing the stable and high yield of cotton. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without creative labor on the basis of the provided drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 The drawing is a comparison chart of irrigation amount of cotton during the whole growth period under different technical solutions;

[0031] Figure 2 The drawing is a comparison chart of irrigation water production efficiency of cotton under different technical solutions and treatment design tests. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0033] Under the enlightenment of the seeding technology in the existing cotton production and scientific experiments, the main measures and processes of cotton emergence in Xinjiang generally include: pre-sowing fertilization (mainly organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer) → pre-sowing irrigation of bottom soil moisture → cotton field soil preparation → pre-sowing seed treatment → sowing and film mulching, pipeline laying, film sowing → soil covering and other basic processes (see Chen Changbing, Dong Hezhong, etc. Cotton Concentration Maturity Light and Simple 100 Questions [M], Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2022.9, P12-76). Studies have shown that under the high population density production conditions of cotton in Xinjiang (150000-225000 plants per hectare, 15-22.5 plants per meter 2 ), the field emergence rate can increase by 5% per hectare, which can increase the cotton yield by 3-5% (about 12-20 kg per hectare), but the slight increase in emergence rate brought by the optimization and improvement of any one link in the measure approach cannot be ignored. Each correct measure positively accumulates the emergence rate, and finally becomes an integrated innovative technology that guarantees a significant increase in the emergence rate. The method of the present application aims at the problem that the emergence rate of the current “dripping water emergence” technology on saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang (this technology saves more than 20% of water due to the reduction of winter irrigation and pre-sowing flooding irrigation in spring) is difficult to be stably guaranteed. The invention idea of “optimizing and adjusting soil, stimulating seed protection root zone, and improving soil water vapor temperature environment” is adopted, and a series of microorganisms and nutrient soil management are carried out from winter land management, extending the field soil management link and fine operation to reduce the adverse effects of less water use due to dripping water emergence, and guaranteeing the reasonable and stable emergence and seedling effect of cotton field.

[0034] The microbial inoculants used in the present embodiment are obtained from the following ways: Bacillus wizzmannii is purchased from Henan Amicon Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, Trichoderma harzianum, and Bacillus megaterium are purchased from agricultural product markets or Taobao. Other biochemical reagents and materials are purchased from the China Agricultural University Scientific Research Material Procurement Platform.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] In order to carry out the present application, Alar 12 team located in the hinterland of Tarim Basin is selected, and cotton is planted in the test field all year round, with one crop per year, winter fallow; one season of cotton is sown in spring in mid-April, harvested at the end of October, with a salt content of 2.86‰, belonging to moderate degree of saline-alkali damage. The main implementation measures are as follows:

[0037] A cultivation method for improving the field seeding emergence rate of cotton in Xinjiang, characterized in that the process comprises:

[0038] 1) In the year before cotton harvest, before the drip irrigation pipe and agricultural film are recycled, a mixed bacteria solution of Bacillus weihenstahpensis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis is applied once to supplement water, one month after the water supplement, the topsoil is ploughed before freezing, and the soil is loosened and initially arranged; the mixed bacteria solution contains Bacillus weihenstahpensis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis, and the mass ratio is 2:1:1, wherein the viable count of Bacillus weihenstahpensis is 20x10 9 CFU / L, and the total mixed bacteria solution usage is 40L / hm 2 ; the process of increasing biological fertilizer is: 650kg / ha of biological fertilizer is applied to the plough layer of the cotton field; before freezing, the soil surface 20-30cm is ploughed and loosened, and the crop residues and residual film in the plough layer are cleaned up.

[0039] 2) 25 days before cotton sowing, combined with pre-sowing base fertilizer or spring sowing soil arrangement measures, "compound microbial agent-amino acid" mixed material is used in the soil of 0-30cm plough layer; the mass ratio is 1:3.5. The usage of the mixed material is 4500g / ha; the mixed material is mixed by compound microbial agent composition and multi-amino acid composition, wherein the compound microbial agent composition is a combined microbial agent of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus megaterium, and the mass ratio is 1:1.5; the multi-amino acid composition includes polyglutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid and threonine, and the mass ratio is 1.5:1:0.8:0.75;

[0040] 3) 7 days before sowing, Bacillus weihenstahpensis microbial agent is applied to cotton seeds; the seed dressing is that the bacteria powder is dissolved and moistened with water first, then auxiliary materials are added for sufficient stirring to make the suspension uniform and bubble-free, then the suspension and the seeds are mixed well to make them adhere to the surface of the seeds, and the seeds are dried in a cool place for standby use; wherein the mass ratio of Bacillus weihenstahpensis, auxiliary materials, water and seeds is 5g:10g:100g:1000g; the auxiliary materials are talc and defatted corn starch, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2;

[0041] 4) 2 days before sowing, fine tillage is carried out, and a large harrow is used to finely arrange the soil in the plough layer, and the harrowing is carried out 2-3 times (1-2 times are added to the original mode), so that the soil in the plough layer reaches the technical effect of "fine, flat, clean, and ridge". The characteristics are that the soil in the sowing layer in the surface layer near 20 cm deep forms small particles with a diameter of less than 10 mm, that is, "fine"; the soil surface in the sowing area in the plough layer has a difference of within 5 cm, that is, "flat"; there are few residual films, weeds, and straw in the sowing area, that is, "clean". At the same time, salt guide ridges are made, and the main characteristics are that a salt guide ridge with a height of 20 cm and a width of 40 cm is set every 18-22 meters in the field along the parallel direction of the sowing row, the cross section of the salt guide ridge is semicircular or narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the soil is compacted when the ridge is formed, that is, "ridge". Sowing is carried out, and according to the working width and characteristics of the sowing machine, the soil between the salt guide ridges is sown row by row and film by film. The sowing adopts the method of sealing the soil directly above the film hole, and the sealing thickness is 0.3-1 cm;

[0042] 5) 5-7 h after sowing, irrigation water is poured out, and according to the dripping water and seedling emergence, a local supplementary irrigation method is used, and the supplementary irrigation index is centered on the drip irrigation pipe belt, and the infiltration is 3-4 cm to both sides of the cotton row; the irrigation program is: clear water 1.5-2 h → adding soil conditioner to the front end of the drip pipe system 3-4 h → continuing to drip clear water for 2.5-3 h; the soil conditioner is a mixed solution of ascorbic acid, indole butyric acid, and an auxiliary agent, wherein the mass ratio of ascorbic acid: indole butyric acid: auxiliary agent: water = 2:1:4:13, the auxiliary agent is 0.5 mol / L sodium ethyl alcohol solution, and the use amount of the soil conditioner is 90 L / ha of soil conditioner mixed solution.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A cultivation method for improving the field sowing emergence rate of Xinjiang cotton, characterized in that the process comprises:

[0045] 1) Before and after the cotton is harvested in the previous year, a mixed bacterial liquid of Bacillus wizzmannii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus velezensis is applied once for supplementary irrigation before the drip irrigation pipe and the agricultural film are recovered, 2 months after the supplementary irrigation, biological fertilizer is applied in the plough layer before the soil surface freezes, and the soil is loosened and initially arranged; the mixed bacterial liquid contains Bacillus wizzmannii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus velezensis, and the mass ratio is 2:1:1, wherein the number of viable Bacillus wizzmannii is 20×10 9 CFU / L, and the total use amount of the mixed bacterial liquid is 60 L / hm 2 ; the process of applying the biological fertilizer is: 750 kg / ha of biological fertilizer is applied in the plough layer of the cotton field; 20-30 cm of the soil surface is ploughed and loosened before freezing, and the crop residues and residual films in the plough layer are cleaned up.

[0046] 2) 20 days before cotton is sown, a mixture of "compound microbial agent-amino acid" is used in the soil in the 0-30 cm plough layer in combination with pre-sowing base fertilizer or spring sowing soil conditioning measures; the mass ratio is 1:3. The use amount of the mixture is 3750 g / ha; the mixture is mixed from a compound microbial agent composition and a multi-amino acid composition, wherein the compound microbial agent composition is a combined microbial agent of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus megaterium, and the mass ratio is 1:1.3; the multi-amino acid composition comprises polyglutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid and threonine, and the mass ratio is 1.5:1:0.8:0.75;

[0047] 3) 7 days before sowing, cotton seeds are coated with a Weizmannia coagulans microbial agent; the coating is as follows: first, the microbial powder is dissolved in water, then auxiliary materials are added and stirred thoroughly, so that the suspension is uniformly dispersed without air bubbles, then the suspension and the seeds are mixed thoroughly so that the suspension adheres to the surface of the seeds, and the seeds are dried in a cool place for standby; wherein the mass ratio of Weizmannia coagulans: auxiliary materials: water: seeds is 5 g: 10 g: 100 g: 1000 g; the auxiliary materials are selected from talc and defatted corn starch, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:1.5;

[0048] 4) 2-3 days before sowing, fine tillage: a large harrow is used to finely till the soil in the plough layer, and the soil is harrowed 1-2 more times than the original mode, so that the soil in the plough layer reaches the technical effect of "fine, flat, clean and ridge"; the characteristics are that the soil in the sowing layer in the surface layer of about 20 cm deep forms small particles with a diameter of less than 10 mm, i.e. "fine"; the soil surface in the sowing area in the plough layer has a difference of within 5 cm, i.e. "flat"; there are few residual films, weeds and straw in the sowing area, i.e. "clean". At the same time, salt guiding ridges are built, the main characteristics of which are that a salt guiding ridge with a height of 20 cm and a width of 40 cm is set every 18-22 meters along the parallel direction of the sowing row in the field, the cross section of the salt guiding ridge is semicircular or nearly trapezoidal with a narrow top and a wide bottom, and the soil is compacted when the ridge is built, i.e. "ridge"; sowing is carried out row by row and film by film in the ploughed land between the salt guiding ridges, and the soil is covered with a thickness of 0.3-1 cm on the top of the film hole during sowing;

[0049] 5) 24 hours after sowing, irrigation water is poured for 5-7 hours, according to the seedling dripping water situation, local supplementary irrigation is adopted, the irrigation index is 3-4 cm penetration to both sides of the drip irrigation pipe, and the irrigation program is as follows: clear water 1.5-2 h→ adding soil conditioner to the front end of the drip pipe system 3-4 h→ continuing to drip clear water for 2.5-3 h; the soil conditioner is a mixed solution of ascorbic acid, indole butyric acid and auxiliary agent, wherein the mass ratio of ascorbic acid: indole butyric acid: auxiliary agent: water is 2:1:4:13, the auxiliary agent is 0.5 mol / L sodium ethoxide solution, and the use amount of the soil conditioner mixed solution is 70 L / ha.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] A cultivation method for improving the field seeding emergence rate of Xinjiang cotton, characterized by the process comprising:

[0052] 1) Before and after the cotton harvest of the previous year, a mixed bacterial liquid of Weizmann coagulans, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis is applied once for water replenishment before the recovery of drip irrigation pipes and agricultural films, and 1 month after the water replenishment, an increase of biological fertilizer on the surface layer of the soil before freezing is carried out, and soil loosening and preliminary arrangement are carried out; the mixed bacterial liquid contains Weizmann coagulans, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis, and the mass ratio is 2:1:1, wherein the number of viable Weizmann coagulans is 20x10 9 CFU / L, and the total mixed bacterial liquid usage is 30L / hm 2 ; The increase of biological fertilizer is: 600kg / ha of biological fertilizer is applied to the plough layer of the cotton field; before freezing, the soil surface layer 20-30cm is plowed and loosened, and the crop residue and residual film in the plough layer are cleaned up.

[0053] 2) 30 days before cotton sowing, combined with pre-sowing base fertilizer or spring sowing soil arrangement measures, a "compound microbial agent-amino acid" mixture is used in the soil within the plough layer 0-30cm; the mass ratio is 1:5. The usage of the mixture is 5250g / ha; the mixture is mixed by a compound microbial agent composition and a multi-amino acid composition, wherein the compound microbial agent composition is a combined microbial agent of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus megaterium, and the mass ratio is 1:1.6; the multi-amino acid composition includes polyglutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid and threonine, and the mass ratio is 1.5:1:0.8:0.75;

[0054] 3) 7 days before sowing, the cotton seeds are coated with Weizmann coagulans microbial agent; the coating is to dissolve and wet the bacterial powder with water first, then put it into the auxiliary material for sufficient stirring, so that the suspension is uniformly dispersed without air bubbles, then mix the suspension and the seeds thoroughly to make them adhere to the surface of the seeds, and dry them in a cool place for standby use; wherein the mass ratio of Weizmann coagulans, auxiliary material, water and seeds is 5g:10g:100g:1000g; the auxiliary material is selected from talc and defatted corn starch, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:3.0;

[0055] 4) 2-3 days before sowing, fine tillage: using large harrow tools to fine arrange the soil in the plough layer, harrowing 2-3 times (increasing 1-2 times in the original mode), so that the soil in the plough layer reaches the technical effect of "fine, flat, clean, ridge". The characteristics are that the soil in the sowing layer in the surface layer near 20 cm depth forms small particles with a diameter less than 10 mm, i.e. "fine"; the soil surface in the sowing area in the plough layer has a drop within 5 cm, i.e. "flat"; there are few residual films, weeds and straw in the sowing area, i.e. "clean". At the same time, salt guide ridges are made, the main characteristics of which are that in the field, along the direction parallel to the sowing row, every 18-22 meters sets a salt guide ridge with a height of 20 cm and a width of 40 cm, the cross section of the salt guide ridge is semicircular or narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, nearly trapezoidal, and the soil is compacted when the ridge is formed, i.e. "ridge"; sowing, according to the working width and characteristics of the sowing machine, sowing row by row and film by film in the farmland between the salt guide ridges, and the sowing adopts the direct above of the film hole to seal the soil, and the sealing thickness is 0.3-1 cm;

[0056] 5) 5-7 hours within 24 hours after sowing, irrigate the seedling water, according to the seedling situation of dripping water, use local supplementary irrigation method, the supplementary irrigation index is the center of the drip irrigation pipe belt, and the infiltration is 3-4 cm to both sides of the cotton row; the irrigation program is: clear water 1.5-2 h → adding soil conditioner to the front end of the drip pipe system 3-4 h → dripping clear water for 2.5-3 h; the soil conditioner is a mixed solution of ascorbic acid, indole butyric acid and auxiliary agent, wherein the mass ratio of ascorbic acid: indole butyric acid: auxiliary agent: water = 2:1:4:13, the auxiliary agent is 0.5 mol / L sodium ethoxide solution, and the use amount of the soil conditioner is 110 L / ha of soil conditioner mixed solution.

[0057] Example 4 seedling effect and soil effect

[0058] According to the test treatment number (with *) of embodiment 1, from September 2022 to October 2023, other treatments of the scheme part implemented according to the test method of embodiment 1 are carried out to compare technical indicators, the test adopts split plot method, and the technical scheme is divided into three factors, namely, land preparation method, complex use of probiotics, and use of soil conditioner; wherein the land preparation method is the main area (two treatments of fine land preparation and simple extensive land preparation are set, wherein the fine land preparation code is T, the main measures include pre-winter land preparation, 2-3 times of pre-sowing arrangement, to achieve the soil of "fine, flat, clean and ridge" in the plough layer, and to do well in salt introduction ridge; the simple extensive land preparation code is N, the general land preparation is adopted, the pre-winter land is not prepared, and the soil inspection and salt introduction ridge are not done during the period); the complex use of probiotics and the use of soil conditioner are arranged in the sub-area, and the sub-area is set with 4 treatments, which are the combined use of series complex probiotic group technical scheme and soil conditioner technical scheme (T1, referred to as complex probiotic + conditioner, the mixed bacteria liquid containing Weitzman's condensate bacillus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus velezensis is put in winter, the mixed material of "complex bacterial agent-amino acid" is put in and increased during land preparation, and the seed is coated with probiotics; the water output of the drip head is set to 2.0 L / h after sowing, and the irrigation program is 2h of clean water--adding soil conditioner mixed solution to the first part of the drip irrigation system for 3h--continuing to drip clean water for 3h, wherein the soil conditioner is a mixture of ascorbic acid, indole butyric acid and auxiliary agent, and the mass ratio of ascorbic acid: indole butyric acid: auxiliary agent: water is 2:1:4:13, the use amount is 90L / ha, and other measures are shown in embodiment 1, the dry sowing and wet output technology is used, and the annual water consumption is 325m3 / ha); only the series complex probiotic group technical scheme (T2, referred to as complex probiotic, the mixed bacteria liquid containing Weitzman's condensate bacillus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus velezensis is put in winter, the mixed material of "complex bacterial agent-amino acid" is put in, and the seed is coated with probiotics, and other measures are the same as T1) is adopted; only the soil conditioner technical scheme (T3, referred to as conditioner, the water output of the drip head is set to 2.0L / h after sowing, and the irrigation program is 2h of clean water--adding soil conditioner mixed solution to the first part of the drip irrigation system for 3h--continuing to drip clean water for 3h, wherein the soil conditioner is a mixture of ascorbic acid, indole butyric acid and auxiliary agent, and the mass ratio of ascorbic acid: indole butyric acid: auxiliary agent: water is 2:1:4:13, the use amount is 90L / ha, and other measures are the same as T1); the series complex probiotic group and soil conditioner scheme in embodiment 1 are not adopted (T4, blank control without adding, other measures are shown in embodiment 1), repeated 3 times, a total of 24 plots. At the same time, the relevant test indicators of non-test area planting technology in the test field are investigated (as a production control, the annual cumulative irrigation water is about 435m3 / ha, including winter irrigation, pre-sowing irrigation, and growth period management irrigation water, and other management methods are the same as the farmers' habits). The main data results obtained by investigation are as follows:

[0059] (1) Compared with the extensive land preparation technology that does not follow this scheme (data in rows 6 and 11 of Table 1), the fine land preparation technology using this scheme increased the seedling emergence rate by 13.3 percentage points, advanced the seedling emergence time by 1.73 days, and reduced the soil bulk density and pH of the top layer (0-15cm) by 5.01% and 0.11 units, respectively, and the soil bulk density of the sub-top layer (15-30cm) by 8.57% and 0.12 units, respectively. Compared with the production control in the non-experimental area, the seedling emergence rate increased by 7.8 percentage points, the seedling emergence time was roughly the same, and the soil bulk density and pH of the top layer (0-15cm) decreased by 7.39% and 0.29 units, respectively, and the soil bulk density of the sub-top layer (15-30cm) decreased by 5.09% and 0.15 units, respectively.

[0060] (2) Further comparison of the experimental results of using a combination of compound probiotics and conditioner (treatment T1) under intensive land preparation conditions revealed that the treatment using both compound probiotics and conditioner (T-T1) had the highest emergence rate in the field, reaching 92.1%, followed by the method using compound probiotics alone at 88.4%, and then the method using soil conditioner at 84.9%. All of these methods were significantly higher than the method without compound probiotics and conditioner (emergence rate of only 76.5%), and the differences were statistically significant. Similarly, the number of days for cotton seedlings to emerge uniformly in the T-T1 treatment was 2.4 days, and the bulk density of the topsoil in the 0-15cm and 15-30cm layers was 1.44 g·cm³. -3 and 1.51 g·cm -3 The pH values ​​were 7.92 and 7.76, respectively, both lower than those of technical solutions using compound probiotics or conditioners alone, and significantly lower than those of technical solutions not using any of the substances involved in this invention. Therefore, T-T1 is beneficial for achieving better field emergence results, and after the cotton production cycle ends, the structure of the topsoil is better, showing lower bulk density and a slight decrease in pH.

[0061] (3) In addition, in the comparative experiment, if the fine land preparation method involved in this technical solution is not adopted, and the more conventional extensive land preparation is adopted, and only the relevant combination material technology involved in this technical solution is used (using a series of compound probiotic group technical solutions, or using the soil conditioner formula, the relevant data are shown in rows 7-10 of Table 1), the results show that the technical solution of using compound probiotics and conditioner together has the highest germination rate. The technical solution of using compound probiotics alone is slightly better than the technical solution of using soil conditioner alone in terms of germination rate and soil bulk density index; however, the technical solution of using soil conditioner is better in reducing soil pH.

[0062] Table 1. Effects of this technical solution on field emergence rate and soil bulk density and pH.

[0063]

[0064] Note: Fine tillage in the method of land preparation refers to the combination of pre-winter preparation and pre-sowing land preparation according to the technical suggestions in this scheme. The main measure of pre-winter preparation is to use a combined rotary cultivator and increase the suspended harrow structure to loosen the soil surface to 30 cm, and wait for freezing. Three days before sowing, use large harrow tools to fine-tune the soil in the plough layer, harrow twice, so that the plough layer soil reaches the technical effect of "fine, flat, clean, and ridge". That is, the soil particle diameter in the seeding layer is less than 10 mm in the surface layer near 20 cm deep; the soil surface of the seeding area in the plough layer has a difference of within 5 cm; the seeding area has less residual film, less weeds, and less straw residue. In the field, along the direction parallel to the seeding row, set up a salt ridge with a height of 20 cm and a width of 40 cm every 20 meters. The emergence rate of the field crops is determined 12 days after sowing, and the bulk density and pH of the plough layer soil are determined by sampling 10 days before harvesting. The same column of data is marked with lowercase letters, indicating a significant difference of 0.05.

[0065] Example 5 Yield effect and water use efficiency

[0066] According to the technical scheme shown in Example 1, the yield indicators of each treatment were evaluated and compared in October 2023, and the main results are as follows:

[0067] 1) Compared with the production control (yield of 432.2 kg / acre, i.e. 6483.0 kg·hm -2 ), as shown in Table 2, the treatment T-T1 using the three core comprehensive measures in this scheme (fine tillage, combined use of compound probiotics, and addition of soil conditioner during drip irrigation), obtained the highest yield of 458.9 kg / acre (6883.5 kg·hm -2 ), although there was no significant difference in yield compared with the control test area, but had the potential to increase yield by 6.2%, further analysis of the reasons for yield increase, mainly due to more total bolls, increase by 9.6%, this index is related to more seedlings per unit area (harvest density) under this technical scheme, which is 16.7% higher than CK.

[0068] 2) Further compare the yield effect between the treatments of the embodiment, under the condition of fine tillage, the yield of the four treatments is ranked as T-T1*>T-T2>T-T3>T-T4; the yield of T4 is the lowest, and the yield of T-T1* and T-T2 is significantly higher than that of T-T4 which is the blank control without any material; under the condition of extensive tillage, the yield of the four treatments is still ranked as N-T1*>N-T2>N-T3>N-T4; the yield of T4 is still the lowest. Under the two tillage methods, the yield of fine tillage is higher than that of extensive tillage in the treatments of different material technologies. Further, under the comparison of the interaction factors, it is found that the comprehensive scheme of adding the composite probiotic group is slightly better than the technical scheme of using the conditioner.

[0069] Table 2 Influence of the embodiment on the field emergence effect, bulk density and PH of the plough layer soil

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] Note: the same column of data is marked with lowercase letters, and the difference is significant at the level of 0.05. The tested variety is Zhongmiansuo 641.

[0073] 3) Further compare the irrigation amount during the whole growth period, see Figure 1 The water-saving irrigation water of the embodiment is about 110 cubic meters per mu, and the water-saving rate is about 25.3% compared with the production control of the non-test area (conventional field management).

[0074] 4) Further compare the production efficiency of irrigation water, see Figure 2 It is found that on the basis of the water-saving technology of dry sowing and wet emergence, under the condition of fine management tillage scheme, the water production efficiency is increased by 16.8% by using the combined technical scheme (T1) of composite probiotic group combined with multiple use and adding soil conditioner when drip irrigation emergence water after sowing; the water production efficiency is increased by 12.8% by using the technical scheme (T2) of composite probiotic group combined with multiple use; the water production efficiency is increased by 8.7% by using the technical scheme (T3) of adding soil conditioner, and the irrigation water production efficiency of the three technical schemes is increased by 42.1%, 26.2% and 23.5% respectively compared with the production control.

[0075] Each embodiment in the specification is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments. The same and similar parts between each embodiment can be referred to each other.

[0076] The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to make or use the application. Modifications of these embodiments will occur to persons of skill in the art, and that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications that do not depart from the true spirit and scope of the application. Therefore, the application is not limited to the embodiments shown but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving the field seeding emergence rate of Xinjiang cotton, characterized by the process The application relates to a cotton seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps: 1) 20-30 days before cotton sowing, a composite microbial agent-amino acid mixture is used in the soil in the 0-30cm plough layer in combination with pre-sowing base fertilization or spring sowing soil conditioning measures; the mass ratio is 1:3-5; 2) 7 days before sowing, the cotton seeds are coated with a Weizmann's bacillus agent; 3) 2-3 days before sowing, fine tillage is carried out, the soil particles are reduced, the soil layer is kept flat, impurities are removed, and ridges are formed for sowing; 4) within 24 hours after sowing, seedling emergence water is poured for 5-7 hours, according to the seedling emergence condition, local supplementary irrigation is adopted, the supplementary irrigation index is the center of the drip irrigation pipe belt, and the penetration is 3-4cm to both sides of the cotton row; wherein the seedling emergence water irrigation program is as follows: clear water 1.5-2 hours, soil conditioner is added in front of the drip pipe system for 3-4 hours, and clear water is dripped for 2.5-3 hours; the soil conditioner is a mixed solution of ascorbic acid, indole butyric acid and an auxiliary agent, and the mass ratio of ascorbic acid: indole butyric acid: auxiliary agent: water is 2:1:4:13; the auxiliary agent is a 0.5mol / L sodium ethylate solution, and the soil conditioner usage is 70-110L / ha of soil conditioner mixed solution; in step 2), the mixture is mixed by a composite microbial agent composition and a polyamino acid composition; the composite microbial agent composition is a combined microbial agent of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus megaterium, and the mass ratio is 1:1.3-1.6; in step 2), the polyamino acid composition comprises polyglutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid and threonine, and the mass ratio is 1.5:1:0.8:0.75; in step 3), the seed coating is as follows: the wet microbial powder is dissolved in water, auxiliary materials are added for fully stirring, the suspension liquid is uniformly dispersed without air bubbles, then the suspension liquid and the seeds are fully mixed to adhere to the seed surface, and the seeds are dried in a cool place for standby; wherein the mass ratio of Weizmann's bacillus: auxiliary material: water: seed is 5g:10g:100g:1000g; the auxiliary material is selected from talc and defatted corn starch, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:1.5-3.0; in step 4), according to the working range and characteristics of the sowing machine, the soil between the salt introduction ridges is sowed row by row and film by film, and the film hole is directly used for soil sealing during sowing, and the sealing thickness is 0.3-1cm. 1) In the year before cotton harvest, once before the recovery of drip irrigation pipe and agricultural film, a mixed bacteria solution is applied for once water supplement, 1-2 months after the water supplement, before the freezing of the surface layer of the soil, the tillage layer is applied with biological fertilizer, and the soil is loosened and initially arranged; the mixed bacteria solution contains Weizmann's condensation, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis, the mass ratio is 2:1:1, the number of live Weizmann's condensation bacteria is 20×10 9 CFU / L, the total mixed bacteria solution usage is 30-60 L / hm 2 ; the process of applying the biological fertilizer is that 600-750 kg / ha of biological fertilizer is applied in the tillage layer of the cotton field, before the freezing, the soil surface layer of 20-30 cm is ploughed and loosened, and the crop residues and residual film in the tillage layer are cleaned up; ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. The cultivation method for improving the field seeding emergence rate of Xinjiang cotton according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ 3. The cultivation method for improving the field seeding emergence rate of Xinjiang cotton according to claim 2, characterized in that, ​ 4. The cultivation method for improving the field seeding emergence rate of Xinjiang cotton according to claim 3, characterized in that, ​

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