A combined harvester for rice

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of regenerative rice threshing device and regenerative rice combine harvester, belong to regenerative rice combine harvester technical field.The present application includes harvesting platform, feeding transport part, threshing separation part, grain cleaning part, crushing straw discharge part, grain collecting and unloading part, chassis walking part, the working width of harvesting platform is not more than 2.5 meters, chassis walking part includes left track and right track, the width of each track is not more than 280 millimeters, the center distance of two tracks is integer times of regenerative rice planting row spacing;The diameter of threshing drum is not more than 560 millimeters, length is not more than 1700 millimeters, linear velocity is not more than 20.5 m / s.The present application can effectively consider the linear rolling rate of regenerative rice stubble and the whole vehicle passability, while guaranteeing various operation performance indexes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of combine harvesters for ratooned rice, and more particularly to a combine harvester for ratooned rice. Background Technology

[0002] While ratooning rice offers the advantage of high yields with a single planting and two harvests, the paddy fields are easily trampled during the first harvest, impacting the yield of the second season. This has become a technical bottleneck in the mechanized production of ratooning rice. Currently, the most common tracked full-feed combine harvesters on the market generally have a cutting width of 2-2.3 meters, with optional track widths of 50 cm or more, resulting in a straight-line compaction rate of ≥45%. This is significantly lower than the ≤28% requirement of the latest DG / T297-2023 "Ratoon Rice Harvesters" standard issued and implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. To address this, some companies have proposed a solution of "increasing the cutting width + replacing the tracks with narrower ones," such as replacing the original 45-50 cm wide tracks with 35 cm wide tracks. While this significantly reduces the straight-line compaction rate, it also greatly increases the average ground pressure, reducing the machine's passability in paddy fields. Meanwhile, because it must meet the theoretical straight-line compaction rate of ≤28% required by DG / T297-2023 "Rice Harvester", the cutting width must be significantly increased to ≥2.5 meters. This greatly reduces the product's adaptability and safety in hilly areas, which does not meet the expectations of local farmers.

[0003] In the prior art, for example, Chinese utility model patent with patent number ZL202223496121.9 discloses a harvesting device suitable for mechanized harvesting of ratooned rice in hilly areas. This device reduces the area of ​​the field surface being compacted by controlling the width of the tracks, the ground contact length, and the distance between the two tracks, thereby reducing the contact area with the ratooned rice sprouts and lowering the compaction rate. However, simply reducing the contact area of ​​the tracks inevitably increases the average ground pressure, making it easier to sink into the paddy field mud and reducing its mobility. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and provide a combine harvester for ratooning rice that can effectively balance the straight-line compaction rate of ratooning rice stubble and the overall vehicle passability, while ensuring various operational performance indicators.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A combine harvester for ratooning rice includes a harvesting platform, a feeding and conveying unit, a threshing and separating unit, a grain cleaning unit, a crushing and straw-removing unit, a grain collection and unloading unit, and a chassis traveling unit. The harvesting platform is located in front of the chassis traveling unit, the grain cleaning and grain collection and unloading units are located above the chassis traveling unit, the threshing and separating unit is located above the grain cleaning unit, the feeding and conveying unit is located between the harvesting platform and the threshing and separating unit, and the crushing and straw-removing unit is located behind the threshing and separating unit and the grain cleaning unit. The working width of the harvesting platform is no more than 2.5 meters. The chassis traveling unit includes a left track and a right track, each track having a width of no more than 280 mm, and the center distance between the two tracks is an integer multiple of the row spacing of ratooning rice. The threshing and separating unit includes, from top to bottom, a drum top cover, a threshing drum, and a combined concave plate. The diameter of the threshing drum is no more than 560 mm, the length is no more than 1700 mm, and the linear speed is no more than 20.5 m / s.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the harvesting platform includes a header frame, a reel located above the front of the header frame, a reciprocating cutter located at the entrance of the header frame, a header auger located at the rear of the header frame, a left divider and a right divider located on both sides of the entrance of the header frame, reel support cylinders located on both sides of the header frame, and a transmission mechanism located on one side of the header frame. When the working width of the harvesting platform is 200-210 cm, the distance from the left divider to the center of the left track is 25-30 cm, and the distance from the right divider to the center of the right track is 25-30 cm or 55-60 cm.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the working width of the harvesting platform is 230-240 cm, the distance from the left divider to the center of the left track is 25-30 cm or 55-60 cm, and the distance from the right divider to the center of the right track is 55-60 cm.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the left and right dividers include two upper stop bars and an inner divider bar near the inner side of the header frame. The front ends of the two stop bars and the inner divider bar are connected, and the reel support cylinder is located between the two stop bars.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the installation angle between the left divider and the right divider and the reciprocating cutter is greater than 90°.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chassis running unit comprises a chassis frame, left and right running wheel systems, a running gearbox, and a continuously variable transmission (CVT). The left and right running wheel systems are located on both sides of the chassis frame. The left and right tracks are fitted onto the left and right running wheel systems. The running gearbox and the CVT are located on the chassis frame. The left and right running wheel systems include drive wheels, support wheels, and guide wheels. There are multiple support wheels, with two support wheels located at the front and rear ends respectively being at least 3 mm higher than the support wheel between them.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ground clearance of the drive gearbox is at least 30 centimeters.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the angle of engagement between the left and right tracks is 50° to 60°.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the threshing drum includes a drum shaft, a wide plate disposed on the drum shaft, and threshing teeth rods and threshing teeth rods arranged sequentially and intermittently on the wide plate along the circumferential direction. Both the threshing teeth rods and the threshing teeth rods are provided with threshing teeth. The number of threshing teeth on the threshing teeth rods is less than the number of threshing teeth on the threshing teeth rods. The threshing teeth on the threshing teeth rods and the threshing teeth on the threshing teeth rods are staggered in the circumferential direction.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the back tilt angle of the threshing teeth is 7°~10°.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner side of the roller top cover is evenly distributed with 7-8 full guide grass plates and 1 semi guide grass plate arranged in a spiral angle from front to back, and the semi guide grass plate is located on one side of the axial center line of the roller top cover.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the axial length of the overlapping portion of two adjacent full-guide grass plates in the circumferential direction is 20 mm to 40 mm.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the combined gravure plate includes multiple circumferentially arranged screen bars and multiple axially arranged transverse bars, wherein the spacing between the screen bars at the front is greater than the spacing between the screen bars at the rear.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crossbar extends 6-7 mm above the sieve bar in the radial direction.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the threshing teeth and the crossbar is no greater than 13 mm.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grain cleaning section includes a cleaning frame, a blower, and a double-layer reciprocating vibrating screen. The blower includes a blower casing, a blower shaft disposed within the blower casing, arc-shaped blades disposed on the blower shaft, a blower pulley disposed at one end of the blower shaft, and an air volume regulating plate disposed at the side end of the blower casing.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the double-layer reciprocating vibrating screen includes a screen frame, an upper movable screen plate group, a lower woven screen, and a material-purifying plate. The upper movable screen plate group is installed on the upper part of the screen frame, the lower woven screen is located on the lower part of the screen frame, the material-purifying plate is located on the rear part of the screen frame, and a baffle is provided between the material-purifying plate and the upper movable screen plate group.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plate spacing of the upper movable sieve assembly is 30 mm to 40 mm; the mesh center size of the lower woven sieve is 12 mm × 12 mm to 20 mm × 20 mm.

[0024] The advantages of this invention are:

[0025] 1. Not only is the ratio of the sum of the widths of the two tracks to the working width of the harvesting platform less than 0.28, meeting the requirements for the straight-line compaction rate of rice stubble, but the two tracks can also be positioned between two adjacent ratooning rice plants at the same time, further reducing or even avoiding compaction of the rice stubble and ensuring the yield of the second season of ratooning rice.

[0026] 2. With the track width reduced, the overall weight of the machine is reduced by shrinking the equipment size in order to maintain the average ground pressure and ensure the passability of the paddy field;

[0027] 3. Under the premise of reducing the size of the equipment, the structure and parameters of each component were adjusted, thereby effectively ensuring various operational performance indicators. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a front view of a combine harvester for regenerated rice provided in this embodiment;

[0029] Figure 2 This is an axonometric view of the chassis running gear provided in this embodiment;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a left view of the chassis running gear provided in this embodiment;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a front view of the chassis running gear provided in this embodiment;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the harvesting platform and the left and right tracks when harvesting 7 ratooning rice plants, as provided in this embodiment.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the harvesting platform and the left and right tracks when harvesting 8 ratooning rice plants, as provided in this embodiment.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a top view of the harvesting platform provided in this embodiment;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a front view of the harvesting platform provided in this embodiment;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a top view of the left divider provided in this embodiment;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a front view of the left divider provided in this embodiment;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a left view of the left divider provided in this embodiment;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a front view of the threshing and separating section with the top cover of the drum lifted, as provided in this embodiment.

[0040] Figure 13 This is a front view of the threshing drum provided in this embodiment;

[0041] Figure 14 This is a radial cross-sectional view of the threshing and separation section provided in this embodiment;

[0042] Figure 15 An isometric view of one corner of the roller top cover being lifted in this embodiment;

[0043] Figure 16 This is a bottom view of the roller top cover provided in this embodiment;

[0044] Figure 17 This is an isometric view of the combined concave plate provided in this embodiment;

[0045] Figure 18 This is a front view of the combined concave plate provided in this embodiment;

[0046] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of the grain cleaning section provided in this embodiment;

[0047] Figure 20 This is an isometric view of the fan provided in this embodiment;

[0048] Figure 21 This is an isometric view of the upper screen of the double-layer reciprocating vibrating screen provided in this embodiment;

[0049] Figure 22 This is an isometric view of the lower screen of the double-layer reciprocating vibrating screen provided in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0051] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a combine harvester for ratooning rice, including a harvesting platform 001, a harvesting platform lifting cylinder, a feeding and conveying unit 003, a threshing and separating unit 004, a grain cleaning unit 005, a crushing and straw-removing unit 006, a grain collection and unloading unit 007, and a chassis traveling unit 008. The harvesting platform 001 is arranged in front of the chassis traveling unit 008, and the rear middle of the harvesting platform 001 is fixedly connected to the feeding and conveying unit 003. The threshing and separating unit 004 and the grain cleaning unit 005 are arranged in an upper and lower layout on the upper left side of the chassis traveling unit 008. The grain collection and unloading unit 007 is arranged on the upper right side of the chassis traveling unit 008, and the crushing and straw-removing unit 006 is arranged behind the threshing and separating unit 004. The front end of the feeding conveyor 003 is fixedly connected to the harvesting table 001, and the rear end is hinged to the feeding inlet of the threshing and separating section 004. Its front part is also connected to the chassis walking section 008 through the lifting cylinder of the harvesting table. The overall working process of this combine harvester is similar to that of existing combine harvesters: the root of the ear stalk is cut by the harvesting table 001, the ear stalk is poured into the harvesting table, and is handed over to the feeding conveyor 003 at the rear feeding inlet. The feeding conveyor 003 conveys the ear stalk to the threshing and separating section 004 for threshing. After threshing, the cleaned stalks fall into the crushing and straw discharge section 006 through the tail. After crushing and discharge from the machine, the mixture of grains, short broken straw and straw falls into the grain cleaning section 005 for cleaning. The clean grains are conveyed to the grain collection and unloading section 007, while the short broken straw and straw are discharged from the machine.

[0052] like Figure 2-4 As shown, to reduce the straight-line compaction rate of rice stubble, the chassis running gear 008 includes a chassis frame 81, left and right running wheel systems 82, rubber tracks 85, a running gearbox 83, and a continuously variable transmission (CVT) 84. Support beams 81a are located on the left and right sides below the chassis frame 81. The left and right running wheel systems 82 are mounted on the support beams 81a on both sides. Two rubber tracks 85 are respectively fitted onto the left and right running wheel systems 82. The running gearbox 83 and the CVT 84 are installed at the middle position on the chassis frame 81. Figure 4As shown, to reduce or even avoid the straight-line crushing rate of rice stubble by the chassis, the width D of the rubber tracks 85 is smaller than the row spacing of the ratooning rice, and the center distance B between the two rubber tracks 85 is an integer multiple of the row spacing of the ratooning rice. This ensures that when the chassis moves, the rubber tracks 85 on both sides are always positioned between adjacent rows of rice stubble, avoiding crushing the stubble. Specifically, the row spacing of four-row and six-row rice transplanters currently on the market is 30 cm. Therefore, the width D of the rubber tracks 85 needs to be less than 300 mm. Considering factors such as the deviation in the planting position of ratooning rice and the deviation in the walking path of the harvester, the width D of the rubber tracks 85 should preferably not exceed 280 mm. The center distance B between the two rubber tracks 85 can be an integer multiple of 30 cm, such as 90 cm, 120 cm, 150 cm, etc. Furthermore, the chassis utilizes a combination of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) 84 and a walking gearbox 83, resulting in smoother and gentler movement, stepless speed adjustment, and easier course adjustment to avoid crushing rice stubble, making it particularly suitable for safe movement in hilly and mountainous areas. Moreover, considering the issue of stubble crushing during harvester turns, the walking gearbox 3 incorporates a differential steering module to enable differential steering via the rubber tracks on both sides. Compared to existing single-sided braking and steering methods, this steering system minimizes stubble crushing.

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, the left and right walking wheel system 82 includes a drive wheel 82a at the top front, four support wheels 82b1, 82b2, 82b3, and 82b4 in the middle for load-bearing, a balance wheel 82c located in the middle of the four support wheels, and a guide wheel 82d at the rear. The diameter of the balance wheel 82c is smaller than that of the support wheels, mainly to accommodate field ridges and mitigate the impact of crossing ridges. It should be noted that in this embodiment, there are two support wheels in front of and behind the balance wheel 82c, but the number of support wheels is not limited to four. For example, two or three support wheels can be set in front of and behind the balance wheel 82c, or three support wheels can be set in front of and behind the balance wheel 82c, etc.

[0054] To ensure smoother movement and steering of the chassis on hard ground and maximize the efficiency of the harvester during frequent transfers in hilly and mountainous areas, the two support rollers 82b1 and 82b4, located at the front and rear ends respectively, are at least 3 mm higher than the support rollers 82b3 and 82b4 between them. To avoid or reduce bumps and vibrations during harvester movement and improve stability, the spacing between adjacent support rollers is not an integer multiple of the pitch of the rubber track. In this embodiment, the pitch of the rubber track is 9 cm; therefore, the spacing between adjacent support rollers, i.e., h1, h2, and h3 in the figure, cannot be an integer multiple of 9 cm. To ensure that the chassis has both strong climbing ability and the longest possible ground contact area with the same number of track segments, the angle α of the rubber track 5 is 50°~60°.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, to increase road passability in hilly and mountainous areas, the ground clearance g of the drive gearbox is at least 30 centimeters.

[0056] After ensuring the required straight-line compaction rate of rice stubble, the width and ground contact area of ​​the rubber tracks were reduced. Consequently, the average ground contact pressure of the tracks increased, making the harvester more prone to getting stuck in the paddy field mud and reducing its passability. Therefore, we reduced the overall size of the equipment to reduce its weight to 3100 kg or less, thereby decreasing the average ground contact pressure of the tracks and improving its passability in paddy fields. However, simply reducing the size of the equipment would also affect its operational performance. Therefore, while reducing the size, we also needed to adjust the structure and parameters of certain parts of the equipment to balance overall operational performance. These adjustments were mainly made to the harvesting platform 001, the threshing and separating section 004, and the grain cleaning section 005.

[0057] like Figure 5-11 The diagram shows the corresponding design and improvements made to the harvesting platform 001 in this embodiment. Among them, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the harvesting platform 001 in conjunction with the left and right tracks when harvesting 7 ratooning rice plants. X in the diagram represents one ratooning rice plant. Considering the equipment's ability to navigate different terrains, the working width A of the harvesting platform 001 should be within 2.1 meters to adapt to small fields in hilly and mountainous areas; and within 2.5 meters to adapt to most areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Therefore, the working width A of the harvesting platform 001 is less than 2.5 meters in both cases. To meet the requirement of a straight compaction rate of less than or equal to 28% as required by the ratooning rice harvester outline, as mentioned above, the width D of each rubber track is less than or equal to 280 millimeters.

[0058] Since the planting row spacing F of most ratooning rice is currently 30 cm, and the width D of the rubber track is no more than 280 mm, in this embodiment the width D is specifically 280 mm, that is, F > D. Theoretically, as long as the track travels between two adjacent rows of ratooning rice stubble, it will not crush the stubble. Therefore, in order to minimize the crushing of the stubble, the working width A of this harvesting table 001 can be matched with the position of the rubber track in a variety of ways, the following four are preferred.

[0059] like Figure 5As shown, when harvesting 7 ratooning rice plants simultaneously, the working width A of the harvesting platform 001 is selected as approximately 7 times the row spacing, which is 200-210 cm. The center distance B between the left and right tracks is selected as 5 times the row spacing, which is 150 cm. Therefore, the distance C1 from the tip of the left divider to the center of the left track and the distance C2 from the tip of the right divider to the center of the right track are both 25-30 cm. In this way, when the left and right dividers pass between two adjacent ratooning rice plants, the left and right tracks are also positioned precisely between the two adjacent plants, effectively avoiding crushing the rice stubble.

[0060] Similarly, Figure 5 As shown, when the width A of the harvesting platform 001 is still selected as approximately 7 times the row spacing (200-210 cm), and the center distance B of the left and right tracks is selected as 4 times the row spacing (120 cm), the left track is moved 30 cm to the right. Figure 5 At the position indicated by the dotted line, the distance C1 from the tip of the left divider to the center of the left track changes from 25-30 cm to 55-60 cm, while the distance C2 from the tip of the right divider to the center of the right track remains 25-30 cm. Thus, when the left and right dividers pass between two adjacent ratooning rice plants, the left and right tracks remain positioned between them, effectively preventing crushing of the rice stubble.

[0061] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the positioning of the harvester and the left and right tracks when harvesting 8 ratooning rice plants. In the diagram, the row spacing F for ratooning rice is still 30 cm, and the track width D is still 280 mm. When harvesting 8 ratooning rice plants simultaneously, if the working width A of the harvester 001 is selected as approximately 8 times the row spacing (230-240 cm), and the center distance B of the left and right tracks is selected as 4 times the row spacing (120 cm), then the distance C1 from the tip of the left divider to the center of the left track and the distance C2 from the tip of the right divider to the center of the right track are both 55-60 cm. In this way, when the left and right dividers pass between two adjacent ratooning rice plants, the left and right tracks are also positioned precisely between the two adjacent plants, effectively preventing crushing of the stubble.

[0062] Similarly, Figure 6 As shown, when the working width A of the harvesting platform 001 is still selected as approximately 8 times the row spacing (230-240 cm), and the center distance B between the left and right tracks is selected as 5 times the row spacing (150 cm), the right track is moved 30 cm to the right. Figure 6 At the position indicated by the dotted line, the distance C1 from the tip of the left divider to the center of the left track remains 55-60 cm, but the distance C2 from the tip of the right divider to the center of the right track changes from 55-60 cm to 25-30 cm. Thus, when the left and right dividers pass between two adjacent ratooning rice plants, the left and right tracks remain positioned between them, effectively preventing crushing of the rice stubble.

[0063] like Figure 7 and 8As shown, the harvester 001 includes a header frame 111, a reel 113 located above the front of the header frame 111, a reciprocating cutter 114 located at the entrance of the header frame 111, a header auger 112 located at the rear of the header frame 111, a left divider 115a and a right divider 115b located on both sides of the entrance of the header frame 111, a left reel support cylinder 116a and a right reel support cylinder 116b located on both sides of the header frame 111, and a transmission mechanism 117 located on the left side of the header frame 111. The reel 113 is rotatably supported on a rear crossbeam laterally mounted on the header frame 111; the transmission mechanism 117 includes a crank-connecting rod mechanism or a swing ring mechanism 117a connected to the reciprocating cutter 114, and a sprocket 117b connected to the header auger 112.

[0064] The working method of this harvester 001 is relatively conventional: the left divider 115a and the right divider 115b installed on both sides of the harvester frame forcibly separate the unharvested and unharvested crops. The unharvested crops are cut at the bottom by the reciprocating cutter 114 under the support of the reel 113 and then poured into the harvester frame. The ears are gathered by the auger 112 and transported to the interface between the middle and rear of the harvester and the feeding conveyor for subsequent threshing and cleaning.

[0065] Due to manufacturing requirements and to improve the rigidity of the dividers, both the left divider 115a and the right divider 115b are welded from steel pipes. The two dividers have the same structure; taking the left divider as an example... Figure 9-11 As shown, the left divider 115a includes two upper baffles 115a1 and an inner divider 115a2 near the inner side of the header frame 111. The front ends of the two baffles 115a1 and the inner divider 115a2 are connected to the forward protrusion of the divider. The two baffles 115a1 are inclined towards the inner and outer sides of the header frame 111, forming a V-shaped structure. The two baffles 115a1 are mainly used to separate the uncut and uncut crops, while the inner divider 115a2 is used to push the cut crops towards the middle, so that they do not get stuck in the gap between the divider and the reel 113.

[0066] Because the natural height of ratooning rice is generally 1 meter or more, it is very easy to lodging or partially lodging. To prevent the cut ratooning rice close to the inner side of the left and right dividers from getting tangled in the left support cylinder 116a of the left reel and the right support cylinder 116b of the right reel, as follows: Figure 7 and 5As shown, the two stop bars 115a1 above the left divider must extend backward and upward, extending beyond the left reel support cylinder 116a, meaning the left reel support cylinder 116a is positioned between the two stop bars 115a1. The same applies to the right divider. Furthermore, to ensure the stop bars 115a1 effectively match the height of the ratooned rice, and to prevent the stop bars 115a1 from extending too high and affecting the normal operation of other components, the stop bars 115a1 have a slightly upward-protruding arc-shaped portion.

[0067] like Figure 7 As shown, when harvesting lodged or semi-lodged ratooning rice, to prevent the crank-connecting rod mechanism 117a, which is relatively low on the left outer side of the header frame, from crushing or dragging the ratooning rice X that is leaning inward against the outside of the left divider 115a, the installation angle between the left divider 115a and the reciprocating cutter should be greater than 90°, preferably 93°. That is, the forward projection angle of the left divider 115a should be offset outward by a distance m, preferably 5-8 cm. In contrast, the inner plane of the divider in a traditional harvester is perpendicular to the cutter, making it easy for the ratooning rice X to come into contact with the crank-connecting rod mechanism 117a and be crushed or dragged. Although there is no transmission mechanism on the right side of the header frame, considering manufacturing process and assembly efficiency, the right divider 115b also has the same structure.

[0068] As shown in titles 12-18, this embodiment presents the corresponding design and improvements made to the threshing and separation section 004. Among them, as... Figure 12 and 14 As shown, the threshing and separating section 004 includes, from top to bottom, a drum top cover 41, a threshing drum 42, and a combined concave plate 43. During operation, the threshing drum 42 rotates counterclockwise, causing the crop to move in a spiral motion from front to back under the guidance of the drum top cover 41. The combined concave plate 43 separates the grain from the straw during the threshing process. The grain falls downward through the sieve holes on the combined concave plate 43, while the straw continues to be conveyed to the rear of the device along the straw guide plate on the drum top cover 41.

[0069] To minimize the weight of the device and meet the lightweight requirements of the rice harvester, the volume of this threshing and separating section is reduced compared to the prior art. This is mainly reflected in the fact that the diameter of the threshing drum 42 is no greater than 560 mm and the length is no greater than 1700 mm; while the diameter of the threshing drum of a traditional combine harvester with the same processing capacity is generally greater than 620 mm and the length is greater than 2000 mm.

[0070] Although the volume of this threshing and separating unit has been reduced, in order to maintain the original processing capacity, that is, the working feed rate is comparable to that of a traditional combine harvester, i.e., greater than or equal to 5.0 kg / s, the structure and parameters of the threshing and separating unit need to be improved as follows.

[0071] Since the threshing and separating section needs to process the same amount of regenerated rice in a smaller volume, it will inevitably increase the squeezing and friction between the regenerated rice, leading to an increase in broken rice and thus an increase in the breakage rate. Therefore, we appropriately reduce the linear speed of the threshing drum 2 to reduce the grain breakage rate, specifically making the linear speed no greater than 20.5 m / s, while the linear speed of the threshing drum of traditional combine harvesters is generally 22 m / s.

[0072] like Figure 13 As shown, the threshing drum 42 includes a closed conical front drum 42a, an open rear drum 42b, and a drum shaft 42c. The open rear drum 42b includes two flanges 42b1 spaced apart and connected to the drum shaft 42c, and an even number of threshing teeth 42b2 evenly distributed circumferentially on the flanges 42b1 along the drum shaft 42c. The threshing teeth 42b2 are provided with finger-shaped threshing teeth evenly distributed axially along the drum shaft. According to the spacing between the threshing teeth, half of the even number of threshing teeth 42b are densely toothed threshing teeth. 21 and half of the threshing toothed bar 42b 22 42b threshing bar 22 The tooth spacing is 42b for threshing close-toothed rods. 21 The tooth spacing is twice that of the threshing bar 42b. 22 and threshing close-tooth bar 42b 21 The threshing and sparse toothed rods 42b are arranged alternately along the circumference of the drum shaft 42c. 22 Threshing teeth and threshing close-tooth rod 42b 21 The threshing teeth on the threshing bar are staggered in the circumferential direction. Thus, in the first aspect, the threshing bar 42b... 22 The reduced number of threshing teeth provides more space for the ratooning rice, allowing for orderly crushing and kneading of the rice even when processing the same amount in a smaller volume, preventing excessive compression and breakage. Secondly, the staggered arrangement of the threshing teeth on the two types of threshing rods ensures greater coverage of the threshing teeth along the axial direction of the threshing drum, effectively ensuring that the straw is conveyed backward along the guide plate on the drum top cover 41, reducing the amount of straw falling below the combined concave plate, thus lowering the grain impurity rate. Simultaneously, the staggered arrangement of the threshing teeth also guarantees strong crushing and kneading power for the ratooning rice, ensuring effective separation of grain and straw and reducing the overall grain loss rate.

[0073] like Figure 14 As shown, to ensure that the threshing drum 2 has both strong impact and a certain kneading ability, the backward tilt angle β of the threshing teeth is 7°~10°. Thus, when the threshing drum 42 rotates counterclockwise, the threshing teeth exert a component force on the regenerated rice, pushing it towards the combined concave plate 43, so that the regenerated rice is kneaded between the threshing teeth and the combined concave plate 43, ensuring effective separation of grain and straw and reducing grain loss rate.

[0074] like Figure 12 , 15 As shown in Figure 16, the inner side of the roller top cover 41 is welded with heights that span the arc surface of the top cover and are arranged in a spiral angle. Figure 16 The device uses 7-8 full-guide grass plates 41a with a mid-angle (55mm-60mm) and a diameter of 55mm-60mm. In this embodiment, 8 full-guide grass plates 41a are used, while traditional combine harvesters generally use 10 full-guide grass plates. As a result, the number of spiral turns of the regenerated rice (straw) in the threshing drum is reduced, the threshing load of the device is reduced, and the threshing load caused by using a smaller volume to handle the same amount of feed is alleviated.

[0075] To ensure that the threshed straw falls precisely at the center of the threshing and separating section during discharge, allowing for rapid transport of the straw to the rear mechanism of the harvester, thereby reducing the working pressure on the threshing and separating section and improving work efficiency, this threshing and separating section is equipped with a semi-guided straw plate 41b at the same distance and angle as the full guide plate 41a, located on one side of the axial centerline of the roller top cover, i.e., not exceeding the centerline of the top cover along the spiral conveying direction.

[0076] like Figure 16 As shown, in order to minimize the threshing load, the angle α between the spiral-arranged guide plates 41a on the drum top cover 41 and the axis should be as large as possible. However, the efficiency of spiraling backward conveying of straw must also be taken into account. Therefore, the axial length f of the overlapping portion of two adjacent guide plates 41a in the circumferential direction is 20 mm to 40 mm. In contrast, the overlap area of ​​adjacent guide plates on the threshing drum top cover of conventional combine harvesters with the same processing capacity is generally greater than 40 mm.

[0077] like Figure 17 As shown, in order to maximize the processing capacity of the combined concave plate, the combined concave plate 43 is specifically a grid concave plate. Specifically, the combined concave plate 3 adopts four 180-degree symmetrical tile-segmented grid concave plates, which are combined into a U-shaped groove. Traditional combine harvesters generally use a combination of six grid concave plates because the threshing drum is longer than that of this device.

[0078] like Figure 18 As shown, the combined concave plate 43 includes multiple circumferentially arranged screen bars 43a and multiple axially arranged transverse bars 43b. To prevent the threshed straw from passing through the combined concave plate and falling into the cleaning device installed below the device, and in order to significantly reduce the processing capacity of the cleaning device, the spacing between adjacent screen bars 43a of the combined concave plate 43 is 8 mm to 11 mm. In contrast, the spacing between adjacent screen bars in traditional combine harvesters is generally greater than 16 mm.

[0079] Considering the characteristics of the threshing process, where the first stage deals with more grains and less straw, while the second stage deals with less grains and more straw, the combined concave plate 3 of this device can be configured as a front screen comb and a rear screen mesh, that is, the spacing d2 of the front screen bars is greater than the spacing d1 of the rear screen bars. This balances the grain screening efficiency, i.e., the grain loss rate, and reduces the amount of straw falling below the combined concave plate, i.e., the impurity rate. Traditional combine harvesters have long threshing and separation sections, and their cleaning devices are also long, so the spacing of the screen bars does not need to be considered too much. Conversely, some models are equipped with a front screen comb and a rear screen mesh to ensure that the entrainment loss is minimized. The most common configuration is a front screen bar spacing of 18 mm and a rear screen bar spacing of 20 mm.

[0080] like Figure 14 As shown, to ensure the effective rubbing of crops by the combined concave plate 43 in conjunction with the threshing drum 42 and to increase wet threshing capacity, the distance g between the transverse bars 43b of the combined concave plate 43 and the screen bars 43a in the radial direction of the threshing drum 42 is 6 mm to 7 mm. To increase the striking force and reduce entrainment loss, the distance e between the threshing tooth tips on the threshing tooth rod 42b2 and the transverse bars 43b of the combined concave plate 43 is no greater than 13 mm. In traditional combine harvesters, the distance between the threshing tooth tips and the transverse bars of the grid concave plate is generally greater than 17 mm.

[0081] like Figure 19-22 The diagram shows the corresponding design and improvements made to the grain cleaning section 005 in this embodiment. For example... Figure 19 As shown, the grain cleaning section 005 is located below the threshing and separation section 004, and includes a cleaning frame, a blower 51, and a reciprocating vibrating screen 52 with a double-layer screen surface and a grain separator. The blower 51 is located at the front upper part of the cleaning frame, and the reciprocating vibrating screen 52 is installed at the rear upper part of the cleaning frame.

[0082] like Figure 20 As shown, the fan 51 is an arc-plate volute centrifugal fan, including a fan volute 511, a fan pulley 512, an airflow regulating plate 513, and arc-shaped blades 514. The number of arc-shaped blades in the fan is not less than 4 and not more than 8. To simplify the fan manufacturing and improve reliability, it is preferable that the fan has 4 sets of arc-shaped blades. To adapt to the single longitudinal axial flow threshing method of large-diameter ultra-long drum and the shortest possible washing system, the fan shaft and the main drive shaft of the regenerated rice combine harvester are set as the same shaft. The arc-shaped blades 514 are mounted on the main drive shaft. The fan volute 511 covers the periphery of the arc-shaped blades 514. The airflow regulating plate 513 is located on the side of the fan volute 511 where the fan pulley 512 is mounted, and mainly consists of two airflow regulating sub-plates that connect and adjust the opening angle of the two, used to control the amount of air intake. Since the critical velocity for air separation of regenerated rice grains and short stalks is similar. If the air volume is too high, the grains will be blown out and wasted; if the air volume is too low, the sieve will become clogged and piled up. The air volume can be adjusted by changing the opening and closing of the damper.

[0083] like Figure 21 and 22 As shown, the reciprocating vibrating screen includes a screen frame 521, a welded mesh frame 522, a movable screen plate assembly 523, a lower woven screen 524, and a threshing plate 525. The welded mesh frame 522 and the movable screen plate assembly 523 are bolted to the upper part of the screen frame 521. The lower woven screen 524 is bolted to the lower part of the screen frame 521. The threshing plate 525 is located inside the rear end of the screen frame 521, with its uppermost point extending above the rear side plate of the screen frame 521. A rearwardly inclined baffle 5251, with the same width as the threshing plate 525 and a height of 30-50 mm, is also fixed above and in front of the threshing plate 525. The screen plates on the reciprocating vibrating screen should be short to allow the threshing plate 525 to pass through, allowing any unthreshed grains to enter the threshing plate 525 for threshing, thus reducing cleaning losses.

[0084] To prevent short straw and shredded grass from falling through, the spacing between adjacent screen plates in the reciprocating vibrating screen assembly is 30 to 40 millimeters, and the mesh center size of the lower woven screen 524 is 12 mm × 12 mm to 18 mm × 18 mm.

[0085] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is one implementation method based on the overall concept of the present invention. Furthermore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A combine harvester for ratooning rice, comprising a harvesting platform, a feeding and conveying unit, a threshing and separating unit, a grain cleaning unit, a crushing and straw-removing unit, a grain collecting and unloading unit, and a chassis traveling unit, wherein the harvesting platform is located in front of the chassis traveling unit, the grain cleaning unit and the grain collecting and unloading unit are located above the chassis traveling unit, the threshing and separating unit is located above the grain cleaning unit, the feeding and conveying unit is located between the harvesting platform and the threshing and separating unit, and the crushing and straw-removing unit is located behind the threshing and separating unit and the grain cleaning unit, characterized in that... The working width of the harvesting platform is no more than 2.5 meters. The chassis walking part includes a left track and a right track. The width of each track is no more than 280 mm. The center distance between the two tracks is an integer multiple of the row spacing of the ratooning rice. The threshing and separating part includes, from top to bottom, a drum top cover, a threshing drum and a combined concave plate. The diameter of the threshing drum is no more than 560 mm, the length is no more than 1700 mm, and the linear speed is no more than 20.5 m / s. The threshing drum includes a drum shaft, a flange mounted on the drum shaft, and threshing teeth rods and threshing teeth rods arranged circumferentially on the flange. Both the threshing teeth rods and the threshing teeth rods are provided with threshing teeth. The number of threshing teeth on the threshing teeth rods is less than the number of threshing teeth on the threshing teeth rods. The threshing teeth on the threshing teeth rods and the threshing teeth rods are staggered in the circumferential direction. The backward inclination angle of the threshing teeth is 7°~10°. The inner side of the drum top cover is evenly distributed with 7-8 full guide grass plates and 1 semi guide grass plate arranged in a spiral angle from front to back. The semi guide grass plate is located on one side of the axial center line of the drum top cover. The axial length of the overlapping part of two adjacent full guide grass plates in the circumferential direction is 20 mm~40 mm.

2. The combine harvester for regenerated rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, The harvesting platform includes a header frame, a reel located above the front of the header frame, a reciprocating cutter located at the entrance of the header frame, a header auger located at the rear of the header frame, a left divider and a right divider located on both sides of the entrance of the header frame, reel support cylinders located on both sides of the header frame, and a transmission mechanism located on one side of the header frame. The working width of the harvesting platform is 200-210 cm, the distance from the left divider to the center of the left track is 25-30 cm, and the distance from the right divider to the center of the right track is 25-30 cm or 55-60 cm.

3. A combine harvester for regenerated rice according to claim 2, characterized in that, The working width of the harvesting platform is 230-240 cm, the distance from the left divider to the center of the left track is 25-30 cm or 55-60 cm, and the distance from the right divider to the center of the right track is 55-60 cm.

4. A combine harvester for regenerated rice according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the left and right dividers include two upper stop bars and an inner divider bar near the inside of the header frame. The front ends of the two stop bars and the inner divider bar are connected, and the reel support cylinder is located between the two stop bars.

5. A combine harvester for regenerated rice according to claim 2, characterized in that, The installation angles between the left and right dividers and the reciprocating cutter are both greater than 90°.

6. The combine harvester of claim 1, wherein, The chassis running gear includes a chassis frame, left and right running wheel systems, a running gearbox, and a continuously variable transmission (CVT). The left and right running wheel systems are located on both sides of the chassis frame. The left and right tracks are fitted onto the left and right running wheel systems. The running gearbox and CVT are located on the chassis frame. The left and right running wheel systems include drive wheels, support rollers, and guide wheels. There are multiple support rollers, with two support rollers located at the front and rear ends respectively, which are at least 3 mm higher than the support roller between them.

7. A combine harvester for brown rice according to claim 6, wherein The ground clearance of the drive gearbox is at least 30 centimeters.

8. The combine harvester of claim 1, wherein, The angle of engagement between the left and right tracks is 50° to 60°.

9. The combine harvester of claim 1, wherein, The combined concave plate includes multiple circumferentially arranged screen bars and multiple axially arranged transverse bars, with the spacing between the screen bars at the front being greater than the spacing between the screen bars at the rear.

10. A combine harvester for brown rice according to claim 9, wherein The horizontal bar extends 6-7 mm above the sieve bar in the radial direction.

11. A combine harvester for regenerated rice according to claim 9, characterized in that, The distance between the threshing teeth and the crossbar is no more than 13 mm.

12. The combine harvester of claim 1, wherein, The grain cleaning section includes a cleaning frame, a blower, and a double-layer reciprocating vibrating screen. The blower includes a blower casing, a blower shaft disposed within the blower casing, arc-shaped blades disposed on the blower shaft, a blower pulley disposed at one end of the blower shaft, and an air volume regulating plate disposed at the side end of the blower casing.

13. A combine harvester for brown rice according to claim 12, wherein The double-layer reciprocating vibrating screen includes a screen frame, an upper movable screen plate assembly, a lower woven screen, and a chaff plate. The upper movable screen plate assembly is installed on the upper part of the screen frame, the lower woven screen is located on the lower part of the screen frame, and the chaff plate is located at the rear of the screen frame. A baffle is provided between the chaff plate and the upper movable screen plate assembly.

14. A combine harvester for brown rice according to claim 13, wherein The spacing between the plates of the upper movable sieve assembly is 30 mm to 40 mm; the center size of the mesh of the lower woven sieve is 12 mm × 12 mm to 20 mm × 20 mm.

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