A method and system for monitoring mine slope deformation under strong vibration interference conditions

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and system for monitoring the deformation of a mine slope under strong vibration interference conditions, the steps of which include: determining the location of the mining slope to be monitored and the monitoring area, obtaining the main vibration frequency of the rock and soil body of the blasting event in the monitoring area and setting the threshold of the intensity of the microseismic signal of the mining of the mine slope, classifying the monitoring area into types, collecting the microseismic signal and displacement signal of the rock blasting at the monitoring point, calculating and adjusting the displacement monitoring frequency, and performing the mine slope deformation monitoring after adjusting the displacement monitoring frequency for the monitoring area where the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value is higher than the microseismic signal intensity threshold. The present invention realizes the adaptive development of the slope displacement deformation monitoring target under the state of the difference in the intensity of the mine blasting vibration interference, avoiding the conventional given monitoring frequency, resulting in the situation that the frequency is too high, the monitoring data is redundant, and the frequency is too low, and the monitoring data is distorted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mine slope deformation monitoring, and in particular relates to a mine slope deformation monitoring method and system under strong vibration interference conditions. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, mine safety, as an important part of ecological civilization construction, has received extensive attention. For open-pit mines in normal production and construction or metal and non-metal open-pit mines in normal production and construction with a slope height of 150 meters or more, an automated slope displacement monitoring system is required. At present, the deformation monitoring of rock slopes in mines is mainly based on GPS positioning monitoring and tilt monitoring. The GNSS positioning monitoring used in the existing slope displacement and deformation monitoring is based on the real-time solution of the monitoring point coordinates. The displacement is calculated by the difference in the coordinates of the monitoring points before and after the time. The solution interval is generally set to a fixed value of 1 minute, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, half an hour or 1 hour.

[0003] Compared with general rock and soil, production mines often drill and blast loose rocks for mining. Before the mining is completed and the mine slope becomes the final slope, it will be affected by irregular blasting vibration, which will increase the risk of rock mass degradation, local deformation of the slope, and even overall collapse. Therefore, for the deformation monitoring of mine slopes under strong vibration interference, the displacement is monitored at fixed intervals set by humans. For signs such as the extension of rock cracks and surface rock deformation caused by the instantaneous action of blasting, if the interval is set too long, it will not be possible to achieve fast and accurate deformation warning. If the interval is set too short, it will lead to problems such as excessive power consumption of equipment solution and insufficient power supply capacity of monitoring equipment.

[0004] In the prior art, document CN117253342A provides a comprehensive monitoring and early warning device for the stability of a mine slope. Through an installation box, a control alarm component, a vibration sensor, and a movement detection component, when the rock mass of the mine slope is displaced and deformed, the embedded rod moves so that the connecting chain pulls the connecting plate, and the moving distance of the connecting plate is detected by a laser ranging sensor. If the moving distance of the connecting plate exceeds the warning value, an early warning is issued by an audible and visual alarm. At the same time, the vibration sensor can detect the vibration of the mine slope. When abnormal vibration is detected, an early warning is issued by an audible and visual alarm, thereby realizing a comprehensive monitoring and early warning of the stability of the mine slope. However, this solution still belongs to the technical route of conventional vibration monitoring and displacement monitoring separately. Its essence is to issue an early warning after abnormal vibration occurs or after slope movement occurs. The key is that it cannot adaptively and accurately adjust the mine slope deformation monitoring frequency, reduce the power consumption of deformation monitoring, and realize early warning of deformation monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background technology, the present invention aims to provide a method and system for monitoring mine slope deformation under strong vibration interference conditions.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] A method for monitoring mine slope deformation under strong vibration interference conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1, determine the location of the mining slope to be monitored and the monitoring area;

[0009] Step 2, obtaining the main vibration frequency f of the rock and soil mass of the blasting event in the monitoring area, and setting the intensity threshold of the microseismic signal of the mining slope;

[0010] Step 3, classify the monitoring area into terminal slope area and non-terminal slope area;

[0011] Step 4, respectively setting displacement monitoring points and vibration monitoring points in the final slope area and the non-final slope area, and collecting rock blasting microseismic signals and displacement signals of these monitoring points;

[0012] Step 5, calculate and adjust the displacement monitoring frequency according to the following formula (I);

[0013]

[0014] In the formula, F(V m ) is the adjusted displacement monitoring frequency, unit: times / minute;

[0015] F b is the conventional monitoring frequency of displacement (set by ordinary technicians in this field according to actual conditions), the default frequency without significant microseismic signals, unit: times / minute;

[0016] F max is the maximum monitoring frequency of displacement (reference value given by the blasting vibration and displacement joint monitoring equipment), the maximum frequency of strong microseismic signals, unit: times / minute;

[0017] α is the sensitivity parameter, which controls the speed of monitoring frequency change, unit: s·cm -1 ;α is usually taken as 0.5;

[0018] V m is the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value, unit: cm / s;

[0019] V t is the microseismic signal intensity threshold, unit: cm / s;

[0020] Step 6: Monitor the microseismic signal strength V m Higher than the microseismic signal intensity threshold Vt In the monitoring area, the mine slope deformation monitoring is carried out after adjusting the monitoring frequency according to the obtained displacement.

[0021] As a preferred solution, in step 4, at least three monitoring points are arranged in parallel along the contour lines at the bottom of the slope in the main sliding direction of the final slope area, in the middle of the slope and at the slope foot, with each layer arranged at least three monitoring points; at least three monitoring points are arranged in parallel along the contour lines on the first step near the temporary slope foot and the top of the slope in the non-final slope area.

[0022] As a preferred solution, for the final slope, a portable vibration meter is used to measure the vibration velocity range V of the particle point at the foot of the mine slope. zmin ~V zmax When f≤10Hz, the threshold value of slope microseismic signal V t Set to min(9, V max ); When 10<f≤50Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(12,V max ); When f>50Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(15,V max );

[0023] For non-terminal slopes, a portable vibration meter is used to measure the vibration velocity range V of the particle point on the first step of the slope foot of the mine slope. fmin ~V fmax With the main vibration frequency f of the slope foot particle, when f≤10Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(5, V fmax ); When 10<f≤50Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(8, V fmax ); When f>50Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(10, V fmax ).

[0024] A mine slope deformation monitoring system under strong vibration interference conditions includes a solar panel, a blasting vibration and displacement joint monitoring device and a remote control system, wherein the solar panel is mainly used for daily operation power supply of the blasting vibration and displacement monitoring point, and the blasting vibration and displacement joint monitoring device is mainly used for real-time collection of rock mass vibration data and displacement data; the remote control system is mainly used for back-end intelligent analysis of rock mass vibration data, and adaptively adjusts the displacement monitoring frequency through the calculated vibration data value, and the remote control system includes a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the following steps when executing the program:

[0025] S01, obtain the main vibration frequency of the rock and soil mass of the blasting event in the monitoring area, and set the intensity threshold of the microseismic signal of the mining slope;

[0026] S02, obtain the monitoring point information set in the final slope area and the non-final slope area, and read the rock blasting microseismic signals and displacement signals fed back by these monitoring points at the same time. The remote control system analyzes the vibration signals measured by the blasting vibration and displacement joint monitoring equipment to obtain the vibration monitoring data value V m ;

[0027] S03, calculating and adjusting the displacement monitoring frequency according to the following formula (I);

[0028]

[0029] In the formula, F(V m ) is the adjusted displacement monitoring frequency, unit: times / minute;

[0030] F b It is the conventional monitoring frequency of displacement, the default frequency when there is no significant microseismic signal, unit: times / minute;

[0031] F max is the maximum displacement monitoring frequency, the maximum frequency of strong microseismic signals, unit: times / minute;

[0032] α is the sensitivity parameter, which controls the speed of monitoring frequency change, unit: s·cm -1 ;

[0033] V m is the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value, unit: cm / s;

[0034] V t is the microseismic signal intensity threshold, unit: cm / s;

[0035] S04, determine the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value V m and the microseismic signal intensity threshold V t The size of the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value V m Higher than the microseismic signal intensity threshold V t The monitoring area is determined, the displacement monitoring frequency is output, and the mine slope deformation monitoring is carried out after adjustment according to the obtained displacement monitoring frequency.

[0036] Beneficial effects: The scheme of the present invention can greatly reduce the probability of delayed risk warning of sudden deformation collapse or landslide of rock slopes without wasting power consumption of equipment solution, can effectively capture the risk of mine slope deformation and issue warnings to users, can make mine slope deformation monitoring adjustment more flexible and smooth, and can ensure that the monitoring frequency changes within a reasonable range of displacement monitoring frequency. General (conventional) deformation monitoring such as geological disaster monitoring and road slope monitoring, etc., generally has no external human disturbance when monitoring is carried out, and the deformation of rock and soil bodies often has the law of continuous slow deformation. The monitoring frequency is generally set according to experience or the monitoring frequency is manually adjusted according to the deformation stage. However, mining slopes or terminal slopes within the mining area are often subject to irregular and indefinite mining blasting disturbances. Slope deformation often has the characteristics of short deformation time and suddenness. Setting the sampling frequency based on experience alone or manually adjusting the monitoring frequency based on the macro deformation state has a certain lag. The method provided by the present invention dynamically adjusts the sampling frequency of slope displacement deformation according to the change of the vibration velocity of the particles on the mine slope, and realizes the adaptive monitoring of slope displacement deformation under the condition of the difference in the intensity of mine blasting vibration interference, avoiding the conventional given monitoring frequency, resulting in too high frequency, large redundancy of monitoring data, too low frequency, and distortion of monitoring data. After using the method provided by this scheme, it is only necessary to give the conventional monitoring frequency of displacement and the maximum monitoring frequency allowed by the equipment, and then the displacement monitoring frequency can be automatically adjusted according to the intensity of the blasting vibration, so as to reduce the monitoring frequency under low vibration frequency, maximize energy saving and consumption reduction, increase the monitoring frequency under high vibration frequency, accurately grasp the deformation data, and give early warning. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] A method for monitoring mine slope deformation under strong vibration interference conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: The position of the mining slope to be monitored and the monitoring area are determined by a technician in this field. The position of the mining slope to be monitored can be determined based on the mining scope, importance, deformation signs, etc., and then the monitoring area is divided within the boundary of the mining slope;

[0041] Step 2: Install the blasting vibration monitoring sensor at the foot of the monitoring slope or the first step near the foot of the slope, obtain the main vibration frequency f of the rock and soil mass point when the blasting event occurs in the monitoring area with the help of a portable vibration meter, and set the intensity threshold of the microseismic signal of the mining slope;

[0042] Step 3, classify the monitoring area into terminal slope area and non-terminal slope area;

[0043] For the final slope, determine the vibration velocity range V of the particle point at the foot of the mine slope zmin ~V zmax With the main vibration frequency f of the slope foot particle, when f≤10Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(9, V max ); When 10<f≤50Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(12,V max ); When f>50Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(15,V max );

[0044] For non-terminal slopes, a portable vibration meter is used to measure the vibration velocity range V of the particle point on the first step near the foot of the mine slope. fmin ~V fmax With the particle main vibration frequency f, when f≤10Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(5, V fmax ); When 10<f≤50Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(8, V fmax ); When f>50Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(10, V fmax Step 3: Classify the monitoring area into terminal slope area and non-terminal slope area;

[0045] Step 4, monitoring points (displacement monitoring points and vibration monitoring points) are respectively set in the final slope area and the non-final slope area, and blasting vibration and displacement joint monitoring equipment is used to collect rock blasting microseismic signals and displacement signals of these monitoring points;

[0046] Among them, at the bottom of the slope in the main sliding direction of the final slope area, in the middle of the slope and at the slope foot, parallel to the contour line, no less than three monitoring points are arranged on each layer; at the first step near the temporary slope foot and the top of the slope in the non-final slope area, parallel to the contour line, no less than three monitoring points are arranged on each layer;

[0047] Step 5, calculate and adjust the displacement monitoring frequency according to the following formula (I);

[0048]

[0049] In the formula, F(V m ) is the adjusted displacement monitoring frequency, unit: times / minute;

[0050] F b It is the conventional monitoring frequency of displacement, the default frequency when there is no significant microseismic signal, unit: times / minute;

[0051] F max is the maximum displacement monitoring frequency, the maximum frequency of strong microseismic signals, unit: times / minute;

[0052] α is the sensitivity parameter, which controls the speed of monitoring frequency change, unit: s·cm -1 ;

[0053] V m is the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value, unit: cm / s;

[0054] V t is the microseismic signal intensity threshold, unit: cm / s;

[0055] Step 6: Monitor the microseismic signal strength V m Higher than the microseismic signal intensity threshold V t In the monitoring area, the mine slope deformation monitoring is carried out after adjusting the monitoring frequency according to the obtained displacement.

[0056] In one application scenario, the conventional sampling frequency for displacement monitoring (i.e., the conventional displacement monitoring frequency) is F b =1 time / 30 minutes, that is, the minimum monitoring frequency, the maximum displacement monitoring frequency F max =30 times / 30 minutes, microseismic signal intensity threshold V t =5cm / s, sensitivity parameter α = 0.5s·cm -1 ;

[0057] Case 1: The microseismic signal intensity monitoring value V generated when the explosion occurs m =5cm / s, which is exactly equal to the microseismic signal intensity threshold, then F(V m ) = F(5) = 1(times / 30 minutes) + (30-1)(times / 30 minutes) × (1-e -0.5×(5-5) )=1(times / 30 minutes), in this case, there is no need to adjust the displacement monitoring frequency, and it is still the normal sampling frequency;

[0058] Case 2: The microseismic signal intensity monitoring value V generated when the explosion occurs m =6cm / s, microseismic signal intensity monitoring value V m Higher than the microseismic signal intensity threshold V t, when it has an impact on the deformation of the mine slope, then,

[0059] F(V m ) = F(6) = 1(times / 30 minutes) + (30-1)(times / 30 minutes) × (1-e -0.5×(6-5) )=1+29×0.918=12.4 (times / 30 minutes). In this case, the displacement monitoring frequency needs to be adjusted from 1 time / 30 minutes to 12 times / 30 minutes (rounded up).

[0060] In this case, if the slope collapse caused by the microseismic signal intensity exceeding the threshold after the blast occurs occurs 1 minute (time 12:01) after the last monitoring time point (time 12:00), according to the traditional solution, the user can only know it at the 30th minute (time 12:30) after the last monitoring time point, while according to the solution in this embodiment, the user can receive the warning information in time at the 2nd minute (time 12:02:30) after the last monitoring time point;

[0061] Case 3: Microseismic signal intensity monitoring value V generated when blasting occurs m =20cm / s, microseismic signal intensity monitoring value V m Higher than the microseismic signal intensity threshold V t , which has a great influence on the deformation of mine slopes, then,

[0062] F(V m ) = F(20) = 1(times / 30 minutes) + (30-1)(times / 30 minutes) × (1-e -0.5×(20-5) )=1+29×0.918=29.98 (times / 30 minutes). In this case, the displacement monitoring frequency needs to be adjusted from 1 time / 30 minutes to 29 times / 30 minutes (rounded up).

[0063] Case 4: Microseismic signal intensity monitoring value V generated when blasting occurs m =3cm / s, microseismic signal intensity monitoring value V m Below the microseismic signal intensity threshold V t ,So,

[0064] F(V m ) = F(3) = 1(times / 30 minutes) + (30-1)(times / 30 minutes) × (1-e -0.5×(3-5) )=1+29×(-1.718)=-48.82(times / 30 minutes). In this case, the displacement monitoring frequency is less than 1 time / 30 minutes, so no adjustment is made.

[0065] Since the deformation of rock slopes to collapse and landslides is sudden, that is, the stage from gestation to occurrence is sudden and short in time, if the microseismic signal intensity of the rock and soil body caused by the blasting vibration is higher than 5 cm / s, and the deformation and collapse time of the rock and soil body is within 5 minutes after the blasting, according to the conventional monitoring frequency of once every 30 minutes, the change cannot be monitored immediately and an early warning warning cannot be issued to the user in time; however, by adopting the solution of this embodiment, when the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value is 6 cm / s, the corresponding displacement monitoring frequency is adjusted to 12.4 times / 30 minutes (rounded to 12 times / 30 minutes), the change can be effectively monitored and an early warning can be issued to the user, and the monitoring frequency adjustment is more flexible and smooth, while ensuring that the monitoring frequency changes within a reasonable range allowed by the monitoring frequency of the displacement monitoring equipment.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] A mine slope deformation monitoring system under strong vibration interference conditions includes a solar panel, a blasting vibration and displacement joint monitoring device and a remote control system, wherein the solar panel is mainly used for daily operation power supply of the blasting vibration and displacement monitoring point; the blasting vibration and displacement joint monitoring device is mainly used for real-time collection of rock mass vibration data and displacement data; the control system is mainly used for back-end intelligent analysis of rock mass vibration data, and adaptively adjusts the displacement monitoring frequency through the calculated vibration data value; the remote control system includes a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the following steps when executing the program:

[0068] S01, obtain the main vibration frequency of the rock and soil mass of the blasting event in the monitoring area, and obtain the intensity threshold of the microseismic signal of the mining slope;

[0069] S02, obtaining information of monitoring points set in the final slope area and the non-final slope area, and reading rock blasting microseismic signals and displacement signals fed back simultaneously by these monitoring points;

[0070] S03, calculating and adjusting the displacement monitoring frequency according to the following formula (I);

[0071]

[0072] In the formula, F(V m ) is the adjusted displacement monitoring frequency, unit: times / minute;

[0073] F b It is the conventional monitoring frequency of displacement, the default frequency when there is no significant microseismic signal, unit: times / minute;

[0074] F max is the maximum displacement monitoring frequency, the maximum frequency of strong microseismic signals, unit: times / minute;

[0075] α is the sensitivity parameter, which controls the speed of monitoring frequency change, unit: s·cm -1 ;

[0076] V m is the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value, unit: cm / s;

[0077] V t is the microseismic signal intensity threshold, unit: cm / s;

[0078] S04, determine the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value V m and the microseismic signal intensity threshold V t The size of the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value V m Higher than the microseismic signal intensity threshold V t The monitoring area is output, the displacement monitoring frequency is output, and the mine slope deformation monitoring is carried out after adjustment according to the displacement monitoring frequency, and the early warning information is sent to the early warning information receiving terminal at the same time.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring mine slope deformation under strong vibration interference conditions, characterized in that the steps include: Step 1, determine the location of the mining slope to be monitored and the monitoring area; Step 2, obtaining the main vibration frequency of the rock and soil mass of the blasting event in the monitoring area, and setting the intensity threshold of the microseismic signal of the mining slope; Step 3, classify the monitoring area into terminal slope area and non-terminal slope area; Step 4, respectively setting displacement monitoring points and vibration monitoring points in the final slope area and the non-final slope area, and collecting rock blasting microseismic signals and displacement signals of these monitoring points; Step 5, calculate and adjust the displacement monitoring frequency according to the following formula (I); F(V m ) = F b + (F max - F b ) (1 - e -α(Vm-Vt) )……………… (Ⅰ) In the formula, F(V m ) is the adjusted displacement monitoring frequency, unit: times / minute; F b It is the conventional monitoring frequency of displacement, the default frequency when there is no significant microseismic signal, unit: times / minute; F max is the maximum monitoring frequency of displacement, the maximum frequency of strong microseismic signals, unit: times / minute; α is the sensitivity parameter, which controls the speed of monitoring frequency change, unit: s·cm -1 ; V m is the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value, unit: cm / s; V t is the microseismic signal intensity threshold, unit: cm / s; Step 6: Monitor the microseismic signal strength V m Higher than the microseismic signal intensity threshold V t In the monitoring area, the mine slope deformation monitoring is carried out after adjusting the monitoring frequency according to the obtained displacement.

2. The mine slope deformation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, at least three monitoring points are arranged in parallel along the contour lines at the bottom of the slope, the middle of the slope and the slope foot in the main sliding direction of the end slope area, and each layer is arranged; In the non-final slope area, on the first step near the temporary slope foot and on the slope top parallel to the contour line, no less than three monitoring points are arranged on each layer.

3. The mine slope deformation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the final slope, a portable vibration meter is used to measure the vibration velocity range V of the particle point at the foot of the mine slope. zmin ~V zmax The main vibration frequency f of the slope foot particle, when f≤10Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(9, V zmax ); When 10<f≤50Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(12,V zmax ); When f>50Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(15,V zmax ); For non-terminal slopes, a portable vibration meter is used to measure the vibration velocity range V of the particle point on the first step of the slope foot of the mine slope. fmin ~V fmax With the main vibration frequency f of the particle, when f≤10Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(5, V fmax ); When 10<f≤50Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(8, V fmax ); When f>50Hz, the slope microseismic signal threshold V t Set to min(10, V fmax ).

4. A mine slope deformation monitoring system under strong vibration interference conditions, including solar panels, blasting vibration and displacement joint monitoring equipment and remote control system, wherein the solar panels are mainly used for daily operation power supply of blasting vibration and displacement monitoring points, and the blasting vibration and displacement joint monitoring equipment is mainly used for real-time collection of rock vibration data and displacement data; the remote control system is mainly used for back-end intelligent analysis of rock vibration data, and adaptively adjusts the displacement monitoring frequency through the calculated vibration data value, and the remote control system includes a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and can be run on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, the following steps are implemented: S01, obtaining the main vibration frequency of the rock and soil mass of the blasting event in the monitoring area, and setting the intensity threshold of the microseismic signal of the mining slope; S02, obtain the monitoring point information set in the final slope area and the non-final slope area, and read the rock blasting microseismic signals and displacement signals fed back by these monitoring points at the same time. The remote control system analyzes the vibration signals measured by the blasting vibration and displacement joint monitoring equipment to obtain the vibration monitoring data value V m； S03, calculating and adjusting the displacement monitoring frequency according to the following formula (I); F(V m ) = F b + (F max - F b ) (1 - e -α(Vm-Vt) )……………… (Ⅰ) In the formula, F(V m ) is the adjusted displacement monitoring frequency, unit: times / minute; F b It is the conventional monitoring frequency of displacement, the default frequency when there is no significant microseismic signal, unit: times / minute; F max is the maximum monitoring frequency of displacement, the maximum frequency of strong microseismic signals, unit: times / minute; α is the sensitivity parameter, which controls the speed of monitoring frequency change, unit: s·cm -1 ; V m is the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value, unit: cm / s; V t is the microseismic signal intensity threshold, unit: cm / s; S04, determine the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value V m and the microseismic signal intensity threshold V t The size of the microseismic signal intensity monitoring value V m Higher than the microseismic signal intensity threshold V t The monitoring area is determined, the displacement monitoring frequency is output, and the mine slope deformation monitoring is carried out after adjustment according to the obtained displacement monitoring frequency.