A method for cultivating macadamia fruiting mother branches using thrips biological shoot control

Abstract

This invention provides a method for cultivating macadamia fruiting branches using thrips biological shoot control, comprising the following steps: (1) During the first to third years after planting, from February to June, control the number of thrips at the tender shoots to 35-50 per shoot; (2) During July to August, perform insecticide treatment; (3) During September to October, apply foliar fertilizer; (4) During October to December, perform fertilization and cultivation management, applying micronutrient fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, slaked lime, and organic fertilizer with biological agents to each fruit tree; (5) Perform branch pulling treatment; (6) After the fourth year after planting, during February to June, control the number of thrips at the tender shoots to 12-20 per shoot; (7) During September to October, perform insect prevention and insecticide treatment. This invention utilizes thrips for biological shoot control, controlling the growth rate of tender shoots, shortening internodes, promoting branching, and cultivating more fruiting branches.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of macadamia nut cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for cultivating macadamia nut fruiting branches using thrips biological shoot control. Background Technology

[0002] Macadamia nuts are tree nuts native to Australia, thriving in mild, humid, and low-wind environments. Belonging to the Proteaceae family and the Macadamia genus, they are considered the most valuable of the world's dried fruits, often referred to as the "King of Dried Fruits." They are rich in nutrients, containing 70%-79% oil. They are particularly rich in unsaturated fatty acids; the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in smooth-shelled macadamia nuts is 6.2, while in rough-shelled varieties it is 4.8. They also contain abundant protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and amino acids.

[0003] In the 1970s, macadamia nuts were introduced to Guangxi for cultivation. Guangxi's warm climate, abundant sunshine and rainfall provided ideal growing conditions for macadamia nuts. Experts in Guangxi have continuously upgraded their research on macadamia nut cultivation techniques, making macadamia nuts a characteristic economic forest crop in Guangxi and helping farmers in the region increase their income and become wealthy.

[0004] Research has revealed that most fruiting branches of macadamia nuts are mature, weak branches and twigs that are 1.5 to 3 years old or older. However, most varieties, such as Guire No. 1, grow vigorously, with most new shoots exceeding 1 meter in length. These are vegetative branches with weak branching ability, requiring artificial methods such as pruning and shortening to promote branching. Controlling the growth of new shoots and cultivating more fruiting branches is a pressing issue in cultivation management. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for cultivating macadamia fruiting branches using thrips for biological shoot control. By using thrips for biological shoot control, the growth rate of young shoots is controlled, internodes are shortened, branching is promoted, and more fruiting branches are cultivated.

[0006] A method for cultivating macadamia fruiting branches using thrips as a biological control method includes the following steps:

[0007] (1) During the first to third year after planting, from February to June, during the spring and summer shoots, control the number of thrips on the tender shoots to 35-50 per shoot. Use the thrips to bite the tender shoots to control the growth rate and length of the tender shoots.

[0008] (2) During July and August, when summer shoots are at their peak, insecticide treatment should be carried out to control the number of thrips to ≤10 per shoot;

[0009] (3) During September and October, apply 1200-1500 times dilution of Yuhualing No. 2, 1500-2000 times dilution of brassinolide, 800-1000 times dilution of seaweed nutrient solution, and 0.10-0.12wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, spraying 1-2 times. Among them, Yuhualing No. 2 and brassinolide are applied alternately to the tender shoots until the leaves drip water. Seaweed nutrient solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied to the whole tree. The dosage of 800-1000 times dilution of seaweed nutrient solution is 0.4-0.6L / tree, and the dosage of 0.10-0.12wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 0.5-0.7L / tree to promote the maturation of branches and shoots.

[0010] (4) During October to December, fertilization and cultivation management should be carried out. Each fruit tree should be fertilized with 50-100g of micronutrient fertilizer, 80-130g of diammonium phosphate, 120-180g of potassium sulfate, 30-60g of zinc sulfate, 80-110g of quicklime, and 10-15kg of biological inoculant organic fertilizer.

[0011] (5) Branch pulling treatment: Use ropes to pull the main branches to the four sides to form a branching angle of 45-60° with the central trunk. In addition, the three main branches form an angle of 110-130° to ensure ventilation and light penetration in the interior.

[0012] (6) After the fourth year of planting, during the period from February to June, during the spring and summer shoots, control the number of thrips on the tender shoots to 12-20 per shoot, and use the thrips to bite the tender shoots.

[0013] (7) During September and October, insect control and pest control treatments should be carried out during the autumn shoot and late autumn shoot period to control the number of thrips to ≤10 per shoot.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (1), the method for controlling thrips during the spring and summer shoot periods is as follows: place 8-10 blue sticky traps per mu, remove weeds in a timely manner, and appropriately combine with spraying 8% cinnamon pepper oil at 800-1000 times dilution on non-tender shoots to control the number of thrips on non-tender shoots to ≤20 heads / shoot.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (1), during June, spray once with a 600-1000 times dilution of carbendazim, and then spray a shoot growth promoter on the tender shoots. The shoot growth promoter is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts potassium humate, 0.5-1 parts sodium nitrophenolate, and 1-10 parts chitosan. When spraying, dilute with water 1000-2000 times.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (2), the method for pest control is as follows: alternating between biological control and chemical control methods. The biological control method involves spraying with 1.6% eucalyptus oil emulsifiable concentrate at a dilution of 600-800 times, 0.3% matrine aqueous solution at a dilution of 600-800 times, 5% eucalyptus oil at a dilution of 300-500 times, and 8% cinnamon pepper oil at a dilution of 400-600 times. The chemical control method involves spraying with ethyl spinosad suspension at a dilution of 800-1000 times and imidacloprid at a dilution of 800-1000 times. The time interval between spraying is 7 days or more.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (7), the insecticidal treatment method is to spray with 800-1000 times diluted ethyl spinosad suspension or 800-1000 times diluted imidacloprid.

[0018] The above-mentioned method for investigating the number of thrips is as follows: Five corresponding treetops are randomly selected from each tree to investigate the number of thrips on the treetops, and the number of thrips on each treetop is controlled within a reasonable range.

[0019] The method described above for cultivating macadamia fruiting branches using thrips bio-control has the following advantages:

[0020] (1) In the first to third year after the planting of macadamia nuts, the number of thrips can be controlled by making reasonable use of thrips to bite the tender shoots, control the growth rate of the tender shoots, shorten the internodes, promote branching, and thus cultivate more fruiting branches.

[0021] (2) During the autumn shoots and late autumn shoots in the first to third year after the planting of macadamia nuts, apply Yuhualing No. 2 and brassinolide to the tender shoots to control the shoots and promote the shoots to be thicker. At the same time, provide growth regulators for the branching of tender shoots to promote branching. At the same time, apply seaweed extract nutrient solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to improve soil structure, promote root growth, promote plant photosynthesis, and provide better basic conditions for branching development and the maturation of tender shoots.

[0022] (3) During October to December of the first to third year after planting macadamia nuts, applying appropriate amounts of macro-elements, micro-elements, biological agents, and organic fertilizers can improve plant resistance and further promote branching growth.

[0023] (4) During the first to third year of macadamia planting, in June, the present invention further introduces a fungicide and a shoot growth promoter. The fungicide can prevent the insect mouth from rotting when the temperature rises and avoid affecting the branching growth. Then, the shoot growth promoter is sprayed. Among them, sodium nitrophenolate can improve cell vitality and promote branching growth at the insect mouth, while potassium humate can improve plant resistance, reduce the damage caused by thrips to the plant, and ensure the healthy growth of the plant.

[0024] (5) This invention combines the application of different insecticides at appropriate times. Biological control is used in combination during the first to third years after the planting of macadamia nuts to reduce the toxicity of insecticides to the plants. After the fourth year after planting, chemical control is used to improve the control efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a photograph of the branching of one of the tree branches after thrips bite treatment in Example 1 (tree age 3 years).

[0026] Figure 2 This is the result of branching off one of the tree shoots after thrips bite treatment in Example 1 (tree age 4 years). Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0028] The experiment in this embodiment was conducted in Fusui starting in 2017. Five macadamia trees ("Guire No. 1" variety) were selected for each embodiment and comparative example. A control group was also included; the control group did not receive the treatments described below, nor was it subject to artificial pruning or shortening to promote branching. The growth of the macadamia trees was investigated in the 2nd, 4th, 5th, and 6th years. The bio-inoculant organic fertilizer used in this embodiment was Xinfangxiang bio-organic fertilizer, and the cinnamon pepper oil was a mixture of cinnamon oil and pepper oil at a volume ratio of 1:1.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A method for cultivating macadamia fruiting branches using thrips biological shoot control includes the following steps: (1) During the first to third year after planting, from February to June, during the spring and summer shoot periods, control the number of thrips on the tender shoots to 40-50 per shoot, using thrips to bite the tender shoots and control the growth length of the tender shoots to less than 1 meter; (2) During July to August, during the peak period of summer shoots, carry out insecticide treatment to control the number of thrips to ≤10 per shoot; (3) During September to October, apply 1500 times diluted Yuhualing No. 2, 2000 times diluted brassinolide, 1000 times diluted seaweed nutrient solution, and 0.10 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice, where Yuhualing No. 2 and brassinolide are applied alternately to the tender shoots until the leaves drip water, and seaweed nutrient solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied to the whole tree. The dosage of 1000 times diluted seaweed nutrient solution is 0.4 L / tree, and 0.10 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 0.10 wt%. (3) Apply 0.5L of t% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution per tree to promote the maturation of branches and shoots; (4) During October-December, carry out fertilization and cultivation management, apply 80g of micronutrient fertilizer, 100g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 150g of potassium sulfate, 50g of zinc sulfate, 100g of quicklime, and 12kg of biological agent organic fertilizer per tree; (5) Branch pulling treatment: use ropes to pull the main branches to the four sides to form a branching angle of 45-60° with the central trunk. In addition, form an angle of 110-130° between the three main branches to ensure ventilation and light penetration in the inner canopy; (6) After the fourth year of planting, during February-June, during the spring and summer shoots, control the number of thrips at the tender shoots to 12-20 per shoot and use thrips to bite the tender shoots; (7) During September-October, during the autumn and late autumn shoots, carry out insect prevention and insecticidal treatment to control the number of thrips to ≤10 per shoot.

[0031] In step (1), the method for controlling thrips during the spring and summer shoots is as follows: place 8-10 blue sticky traps per acre, remove weeds in time, and appropriately combine with spraying 8% cinnamon pepper oil at 800 times dilution on non-tender shoots to control the number of thrips on non-tender shoots to ≤20 heads / shoot.

[0032] In step (2), the method for pest control is to alternate between biological control and chemical control methods. The biological control method involves spraying with 1.6% eucalyptus oil emulsifiable concentrate at 800 times dilution, 0.3% matrine aqueous solution at 600 times dilution, 5% eucalyptus oil at 300 times dilution, and 8% cinnamon pepper oil at 600 times dilution. The chemical control method involves spraying with ethyl spinosad suspension at 1000 times dilution and imidacloprid at 800 times dilution. The time interval between spraying is 7 days.

[0033] In step (7), the insecticidal treatment method is to use 800 times diluted ethyl spinosad suspension.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] A method for cultivating macadamia fruiting branches using thrips biological shoot control includes the following steps: (1) During the first to third year after planting, from February to June, during the spring and summer shoot periods, control the number of thrips on the tender shoots to 35-50 per shoot, using thrips to bite the tender shoots and control the growth length of the tender shoots to less than 1 meter; (2) During July to August, during the peak period of summer shoots, carry out insecticide treatment to control the number of thrips to ≤10 per shoot; (3) During September to October, apply 1200 times diluted Yuhualing No. 2, 1500 times diluted brassinolide, 900 times diluted seaweed nutrient solution, and 0.12wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, spraying once, wherein: Yuhualing No. 2 and brassinolide are applied alternately to the tender shoots until the leaves drip water, and seaweed nutrient solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied to the whole tree, the dosage of 900 times diluted seaweed nutrient solution is 0.6L / tree, and 0.10wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied to the whole tree. (4) During October-December, fertilize and manage the cultivation. Apply 100g of micronutrient fertilizer, 120g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 120g of potassium sulfate, 30g of zinc sulfate, 80g of quicklime, and 10kg of organic fertilizer per fruit tree. (5) Branch pulling treatment: Use ropes to pull the main branches around the four sides to form a branching angle of 45-60° with the central trunk. In addition, form an angle of 110-130° between the three main branches to ensure ventilation and light penetration in the inner canopy. (6) After the fourth year of planting, during February-June, control the number of thrips at the tender shoots to 12-20 per shoot during the spring and summer shoots. Use the thrips to bite the tender shoots. (7) During September-October, carry out insect prevention and control treatment during the autumn and late autumn shoots to control the number of thrips to ≤10 per shoot.

[0036] In step (1), the method for controlling thrips during the spring and summer shoots is as follows: place 8-10 blue sticky traps per acre, remove weeds in time, and appropriately combine with spraying 1000 times diluted 8% cinnamon pepper oil on non-tender shoots to control the number of thrips on non-tender shoots to ≤20 heads / shoot.

[0037] In step (2), the method for pest control is to alternate between biological control and chemical control methods. The biological control method involves spraying with 1.6% eucalyptus oil emulsifiable concentrate at a dilution of 600 times, 0.3% matrine aqueous solution at a dilution of 500 times, 5% eucalyptus oil at a dilution of 300 times, and 8% cinnamon pepper oil at a dilution of 400 times. The chemical control method involves spraying with ethyl spinosad suspension at a dilution of 1000 times and imidacloprid at a dilution of 1000 times. The time interval between spraying is 7 days.

[0038] In step (7), the insecticidal treatment method is to use 800 times dilution of imidacloprid.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, but the following treatment is added: During June, spray once with 800 times diluted carbendazim solution, at a dosage of 0.3L / plant, and then spray tender shoot growth promoter on the tender shoots. The tender shoot growth promoter is composed of the following components by weight: 15 parts potassium humate, 0.8 parts sodium nitrophenolate, and 8 parts chitosan. When spraying, dilute with water 1500 times and spray until the leaves drip water.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment two, but the following treatment is added: During June, spray once with a 700-fold dilution of carbendazim at a dosage of 0.2L / plant, and then spray a shoot growth promoter on the tender shoots. The shoot growth promoter is composed of the following components by weight: 12 parts potassium humate, 1 part sodium nitrophenolate, and 8 parts chitosan. When spraying, dilute with water 1500 times and spray until the leaves drip water.

[0043] Example 5

[0044] Example 5 is basically the same as Example 3, but in step (3), Yu Hua Ling No. 2 at 1300 times dilution, brassinolide at 1500 times dilution, seaweed nutrient solution at 1000 times dilution, and 0.12wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution are applied twice. Among them, Yu Hua Ling No. 2 and brassinolide are applied alternately to the tender shoots until the leaves drip water, and seaweed nutrient solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied to the whole tree. The amount of seaweed nutrient solution at 1000 times dilution is 0.5L / tree, and the amount of 0.10wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 0.6L / tree to promote the maturation of branches and shoots.

[0045] Comparative Example 1

[0046] This embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, but in step (1), the number of thrips on the tender shoots is controlled to be 20-32 per shoot.

[0047] Comparative Example 2

[0048] This embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, but in step (1), the number of thrips on the tender shoots is controlled to be 52-62 per shoot.

[0049] Comparative Example 3

[0050] This embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, but in step (6), the number of thrips on the tender shoots is controlled to be 35-50 heads / shoot.

[0051] Comparative Example 4

[0052] This embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, but step (3) is not performed.

[0053] Comparative Example 5

[0054] This embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, but in step (2), the method of insecticidal treatment is to alternate between biological control and chemical control methods. The biological control method is to spray with 1.6% wolf toxin emulsifiable concentrate at 800 times dilution, 0.3% matrine aqueous solution at 600 times dilution, and 5% eucalyptus oil at 300 times dilution. The chemical control method is to spray with ethyl spinosad suspension at 1000 times dilution. The time interval between spraying is 7 days.

[0055] The growth results of macadamia nuts in the 2nd, 4th, 5th and 6th years are as follows:

[0056] Table 1. Survey of Macadamia Nut Shoot Development in the Second Year

[0057] Average shoot length Average number of branches Blank example 45.3 1.2 Example 1 18.2 3.4 Example 2 17.5 3.2 Example 3 18.7 3.7 Example 4 20.5 4.0 Example 5 19.2 3.8 Comparative Example 1 21.2 2.5 Comparative Example 2 18.2 2.6 Comparative Example 3 18.5 3.2 Comparative Example 4 28.2 2.9 Comparative Example 5 17.2 3.2

[0058] Table 2. Survey of macadamia plant height and canopy width in the 4th and 5th years.

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Table 3. Survey of Macadamia Nut Yield in Years 4, 5, and 6

[0062] 4th year fresh fruit weight / kg 5th year fresh fruit weight / kg 6th year fresh fruit weight / kg Blank example 0.7 4.9 7.7 Example 1 3.1 10.9 18.1 Example 2 2.8 10.1 16.5 Example 3 3.8 12.6 19.8 Example 4 3.2 11.0 17.6 Example 5 3.5 11.9 18.7 Comparative Example 1 2.2 8.1 12.3 Comparative Example 2 1.9 6.5 10.8 Comparative Example 3 1.8 5.7 10.5 Comparative Example 4 2.6 9.0 15.1 Comparative Example 5 2.5 9.6 15.3

Claims

1. A method for cultivating macadamia fruiting branches using thrips as a biological control method, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: (1) During the first to third year after planting, from February to June, during the spring and summer shoots, control the number of thrips on the tender shoots to 35-50 per shoot. By having the thrips bite the tender shoots, the internodes are shortened, branching is promoted, and the growth rate and length of the tender shoots are controlled. (2) During July and August, when summer shoots are in high incidence, insecticide treatment should be carried out to control the number of thrips to ≤10 per shoot; (3) During September and October, apply 1200-1500 times dilution of Yuhualing No. 2, 1500-2000 times dilution of brassinolide, 800-1000 times dilution of seaweed nutrient solution, and 0.10-0.12wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, spraying 1-2 times. Among them, Yuhualing No. 2 and brassinolide are applied alternately to the tender shoots until the leaves drip water. Seaweed nutrient solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied to the whole tree. The amount of 800-1000 times dilution of seaweed nutrient solution is 0.4-0.6L / tree, and the amount of 0.10-0.12wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 0.5-0.7L / tree to promote the maturation of branches and shoots. (4) During October to December, fertilization and cultivation management should be carried out. Each fruit tree should be fertilized with 50-100g of micronutrient fertilizer, 80-130g of diammonium phosphate, 120-180g of potassium sulfate, 30-60g of zinc sulfate, 80-110g of quicklime, and 10-15kg of biological inoculant organic fertilizer. (5) Branch pulling treatment: Use ropes to pull the main branches outwards to form a branching angle of 45-60° with the central trunk. In addition, the three main branches form an angle of 110-130° to ensure ventilation and light penetration in the interior. (6) After the fourth year of planting, during the period from February to June, during the spring and summer shoots, control the number of thrips on the tender shoots to 12-20 per shoot, and use the thrips to bite the tender shoots. (7) During September and October, insect control and pest control treatments should be carried out during the autumn shoot and late autumn shoot period to control the number of thrips to ≤10 per shoot.

2. The method for cultivating macadamia fruiting branches using thrips biological shoot control according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the method for controlling thrips during the spring and summer shoots is as follows: place 8-10 blue sticky traps per mu, remove weeds in time, and appropriately combine with spraying 8% cinnamon pepper oil at 800-1000 times dilution on non-tender shoots to control the number of thrips on non-tender shoots to ≤20 heads / shoot.

3. The method for cultivating macadamia fruiting branches using thrips biological shoot control according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), during June, spray once with a 600-1000 times dilution of carbendazim, and then spray a shoot growth promoter on the tender shoots. The shoot growth promoter is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts potassium humate, 0.5-1 parts sodium nitrophenolate, and 1-10 parts chitosan. When spraying, dilute with water 1000-2000 times.

4. The method for cultivating macadamia fruiting branches using thrips biological shoot control according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the method for pest control is to alternate between biological control and chemical control methods. The biological control method involves spraying with 1.6% wolfsbane emulsifiable concentrate at a dilution of 600-800 times, 0.3% matrine aqueous solution at a dilution of 600-800 times, 5% eucalyptus oil at a dilution of 300-500 times, and 8% cinnamon pepper oil at a dilution of 400-600 times. The chemical control method involves spraying with ethyl spinosad suspension at a dilution of 800-1000 times and imidacloprid at a dilution of 800-1000 times. The time interval between spraying is 7 days or more.

5. The method for cultivating macadamia fruiting branches using thrips biological shoot control according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (7), the insecticidal treatment method is to spray with 800-1000 times dilution of ethyl spinosad suspension or 800-1000 times dilution of imidacloprid.

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