A battery module and battery box with pressure relief and explosion-proof functions

Abstract

The present invention discloses a battery module and a battery box with compact installation, low production cost and pressure relief and explosion-proof functions. The battery module includes a battery fixing module, and both ends of the battery fixing module are sequentially provided with a temperature-resistant pressure relief module, a one-way valve heat sink and a heat insulation wall. A plurality of battery cells are arranged in an array in the battery fixing module, and the temperature-resistant pressure relief module is provided with a plurality of pressure relief chamber assemblies located at the ends of the battery cells in an array. The end face of the temperature-resistant pressure relief module is also provided with a plurality of criss-crossed pressure relief guide grooves. The pressure relief chamber assembly includes a pressure relief hole located at the end of the battery cell and a valve body block located at the upper and lower ends of the pressure relief hole. The one-way valve heat sink is adapted to the shape of the temperature-resistant pressure relief module and fits the end of the valve body block, and a plurality of vertically folded one-way valve sheets are arranged on the one-way valve heat sink, and a one-way valve sheet is fitted between the two sides of the two valve body blocks at the same pressure relief hole. The present invention is applied to the technical field of power batteries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is applied to the technical field of power batteries, and in particular relates to a battery module and a battery box with pressure relief and explosion-proof functions. Background Art

[0002] Existing battery packs are generally composed of multiple cells connected in series and parallel, and then encapsulated in a shell to form a battery pack. However, due to limited space, it is difficult to strike a good balance between space, cost, and the isolation and discharge of thermal runaway under abnormal conditions.

[0003] At present, due to the limitations of order volume, cost, space, and technical investment, small-batch customized power batteries are basically focused on BMS, and there are few separate designs for protection against thermal runaway of battery cells. Although new energy vehicles have safety management systems for thermal runaway of battery cells, the design is complex and costly, and it is not suitable for small-batch customized power battery packs. In response to the above pain points, the present invention creatively designs a low-cost solution with pressure relief and explosion-proof functions for use on small-batch customized power batteries. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a battery module and a battery box which are compact to install, require a small space, have a low production cost and have pressure relief and explosion-proof functions.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: the present invention includes a battery module and a battery box with pressure relief and explosion-proof functions, the battery module includes a battery fixing module, both ends of the battery fixing module are sequentially provided with a temperature-resistant pressure relief module, a one-way valve heat dissipation plate and a heat insulation wall, the battery fixing module is arrayed with a plurality of installation cavities, the installation cavities are adapted to be installed with battery cells, and the installation cavities expose the ends of the battery cells, the temperature-resistant pressure relief module is attached to the end of the battery fixing module, and the temperature-resistant pressure relief module is arrayed with a plurality of pressure relief chamber assemblies located at the ends of the battery cells, the end face of the temperature-resistant pressure relief module is also provided with a plurality of criss-crossing pressure relief guide grooves, a transverse pressure relief guide groove is provided between two adjacent left and right pressure relief chamber assemblies, a longitudinal pressure relief guide groove is provided between two upper and lower adjacent pressure relief chamber assemblies, and the pressure relief chamber assemblies are The cavity assembly comprises a pressure relief hole at the end of the battery cell and a valve body block at the upper and lower ends of the pressure relief hole, the one-way valve heat dissipation plate is adapted to the shape of the temperature-resistant pressure relief module and fits the end of the valve body block, and a plurality of vertically folded one-way valve sheets are arrayed on the one-way valve heat dissipation plate, and the one-way valve sheets are fit between the two sides of the two valve body blocks at the same pressure relief hole, the length of the one-way valve sheet is greater than the spacing between the two valve body blocks at the same pressure relief hole, and the height of the one-way valve sheet is adapted to the height of the valve body block, so that each battery cell forms an independent pressure relief chamber under the joint action of the pressure relief cavity assembly and the one-way valve heat dissipation plate, when the battery cell is in a normal state, the one-way valve sheet of the pressure relief chamber is in a fitted and closed state, when the battery cell has thermal runaway and ejection occurs, the one-way valve sheet can be opened to release the pressure, and the ejected material can be discharged through the pressure relief guide groove.

[0006] Furthermore, the one-way valve heat sink is made of a high thermal conductivity material in one piece, and a plurality of rectangular openings are arrayed on the one-way valve heat sink. Both side walls of each rectangular opening are provided with a vertically bent one-way valve sheet, and the two one-way valve sheets at the rectangular opening are respectively attached to the left side wall of the pressure relief chamber assembly and the right side wall of the adjacent pressure relief chamber assembly.

[0007] Furthermore, the length of the one-way valve plate is smaller than the length of the rectangular opening, and the middle portion of the one-way valve plate is connected to the rectangular opening, and gaps are provided between both ends of the one-way valve plate and the rectangular opening.

[0008] Furthermore, the battery fixing module and the temperature-resistant pressure relief module are both made of fire-proof, high-temperature-resistant and heat-insulating materials, and the temperature-resistant pressure relief module is adapted to the end face of the battery fixing module, so that the temperature-resistant pressure relief module is precisely fitted to the end face of the battery fixing module, and the insulation wall is made of a lightweight material that is resistant to high temperatures and has low thermal conductivity, and the insulation wall covers the entire one-way valve heat dissipation plate, which can limit the heat of the entire battery module to only pass through the one-way valve sheet in a directional manner and be discharged through the pressure relief diversion groove, and a single battery cell is connected to several pressure relief diversion grooves, and the pressure can be released instantly.

[0009] Furthermore, the temperature-resistant pressure relief module is a fireproof, high-temperature-resistant and heat-insulating rectangular plate, and a gasket is provided between the two valve body blocks of the same pressure relief chamber assembly, the pressure relief hole passes through the fireproof, high-temperature-resistant and heat-insulating rectangular plate and the gasket, and sealing baffles are provided on both outer sides and the upper end of the fireproof, high-temperature-resistant and heat-insulating rectangular plate.

[0010] Furthermore, a copper busbar is provided between the battery fixing module and the temperature-resistant pressure relief module, and the copper busbar is used to connect a plurality of battery cells in series.

[0011] Furthermore, the battery box includes a box shell, a plurality of installation compartments are arranged in the box shell, the battery module is installed in each of the installation compartments, heat dissipation pads are arranged at both ends of the bottom of the battery module, the longitudinal pressure relief guide groove is located between two adjacent heat dissipation pads at the same end, and a pressure relief valve is arranged at the bottom center of the installation compartment.

[0012] Furthermore, the battery box is also provided with a cover body adapted to the box shell, and a pressure sensor and a controller are also provided inside the box shell, and the pressure relief valve and the pressure sensor are both electrically connected to the controller.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Through the design of the temperature-resistant pressure relief module, the one-way valve heat dissipation plate and the insulation wall, the heat in the battery module can be effectively and quickly transferred to the outside for heat dissipation in time; 2. The temperature-resistant pressure relief module opens a pressure relief hole relative to each battery cell explosion-proof valve, and adds criss-cross pressure relief guide grooves on the surface of the temperature-resistant pressure relief module to maximize the pressure relief space; 3. The one-way valve heat dissipation plate, which is processed in an integrated manner and closely cooperates with the temperature-resistant pressure relief module, has a low production cost, and is vertically folded and fitted to the one-way valve sheet on both sides between the two valve body blocks, so that when the battery cell has thermal runaway and sprays, the one-way valve sheet can be opened to release pressure, and the spray can be discharged through the pressure relief guide groove, and for other normal battery cells, the one-way valve sheet of the pressure relief chamber is in a fitted and closed state, so the heat generated by the thermal runaway of the faulty battery cell during spraying cannot affect other battery cells in the same module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a battery module;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the battery module;

[0016] Figure 3 It is an internal cross-sectional view of the battery module;

[0017] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of part B;

[0018] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of part C;

[0019] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery box;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the explosion of the battery box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the present invention includes a battery module and a battery box with pressure relief and explosion-proof functions, wherein the battery module includes a battery fixing module 1, and both ends of the battery fixing module 1 are sequentially provided with a temperature-resistant pressure relief module 2, a one-way valve heat dissipation plate 3 and a heat insulation wall 4, which effectively saves the internal installation space of the battery module, and the battery fixing module 1 is provided with a plurality of installation cavities 5 in an array, and the installation cavities 5 are adapted to be installed with battery cells 6, and the installation cavities 5 expose the ends of the battery cells 6, and this design enables each battery cell 6 to be assembled in an independent space of the battery fixing module 1;

[0022] The battery fixing module 1 and the temperature-resistant pressure relief module 2 are both made of fireproof, high-temperature-resistant and heat-insulating materials, and the temperature-resistant pressure relief module 2 is adapted to the end face of the battery fixing module 1, so that the temperature-resistant pressure relief module 2 is tightly fitted to the end of the battery fixing module 1, and the exposed ends of the battery cells 6 are isolated into a single space, and the temperature-resistant pressure relief module 2 is provided with a plurality of pressure relief chamber assemblies located at the ends of the battery cells 6 in an array, and the end face of the temperature-resistant pressure relief module 2 is also provided with a plurality of criss-crossing pressure relief guide grooves 7, and a transverse pressure relief chamber assembly is provided between two adjacent pressure relief chamber assemblies on the left and right. To the pressure relief guide groove 7, a longitudinal pressure relief guide groove 7 is provided between two upper and lower adjacent pressure relief chamber assemblies, the pressure relief chamber assembly includes a pressure relief hole 8 located at the end of the battery cell 6 and a valve body block 9 located at the upper and lower ends of the pressure relief hole 8, the temperature-resistant pressure relief module 2 opens a pressure relief hole 8 at the explosion-proof valve at the end of the battery cell 6, and opens criss-cross pressure relief guide grooves 7 on the surface of the temperature-resistant pressure relief module 2 to maximize the pressure relief space. When a battery cell 6 is thermally runaway, the high-speed airflow and heat generated can be instantly decompressed to all the pressure relief guide grooves 7 around to prevent heat and pressure accumulation;

[0023] The one-way valve heat sink 3 is made of a high thermal conductivity material, and is designed according to the shape of the temperature-resistant pressure relief module 2 and fits onto the end of the valve body block 9. A plurality of vertically folded one-way valve sheets 10 are arrayed on the one-way valve heat sink 3. The one-way valve sheets 10 are fitted between the two sides of the two valve body blocks 9 at the same pressure relief hole 8. The length of the one-way valve sheet 10 is greater than the spacing between the two valve body blocks 9 at the same pressure relief hole 8, and the height of the one-way valve sheet 10 is adapted to the height of the valve body block 9, so that each battery cell 6 forms an independent pressure relief chamber under the joint action of the pressure relief chamber assembly and the one-way valve heat sink 3. In this design, the one-way valve heat sink 3 cooperates closely with the temperature-resistant pressure relief module 2 under normal conditions to achieve a sealing effect. By folding the one-way valve sheet 10 on both sides between the two valve body blocks 9, each battery cell 6 can be independently in the pressure relief chamber. When the battery cell 6 is in a normal state, the one-way valve sheet 10 of the pressure relief chamber is in a fitted closed state. When the battery cell 6 has thermal runaway and ejection occurs, the thermal runaway causes the pressure to increase, thereby opening the one-way valve sheet 10 for pressure relief, and discharging the ejected material through the pressure relief guide groove 7. Since a single battery cell 6 is connected to multiple pressure relief guide grooves 7, the pressure can be released instantly, and the one-way valve sheet 10 is one-way and can only be opened outward but not inward. Therefore, the pressure relief chamber corresponding to the battery cell 6 in a normal state is in a closed state, and the heat generated by the thermal runaway of the faulty battery cell during ejection cannot affect other battery cells 6 in the same battery module.

[0024] In this embodiment, a heat-insulating wall is made of a lightweight material that is resistant to high temperatures and has extremely low thermal conductivity, and the heat-insulating wall is covered on the one-way valve heat dissipation plate 3. This can limit the heat of the entire battery module to be conducted directionally only through the pressure relief guide groove 7 and the one-way valve plate 10, and will not affect adjacent battery modules.

[0025] In this embodiment, a plurality of rectangular openings 11 are arrayed on the one-way valve heat sink 3, and both side walls of each rectangular opening 11 are provided with a vertically bent one-way valve sheet 10, and the two one-way valve sheets 10 at the rectangular opening 11 are respectively attached to the left side wall of the pressure relief chamber assembly and the right side wall of the adjacent pressure relief chamber assembly, the length of the one-way valve sheet 10 is smaller than the length of the rectangular opening 11, and the middle part of the one-way valve sheet 10 is connected to the rectangular opening 11, and gaps 12 are provided between the two ends of the one-way valve sheet 10 and the rectangular opening 11; the one-way valve sheet 10 of this design is connected to the one-way valve heat sink 3 with a narrow middle side, and the pressure relief 8 can be directly opened in one direction because the force of the narrow side is not large, and the length of the one-way valve sheet 10 is greater than the distance between the two valve body blocks 9 at the same pressure relief hole 8, so the one-way valve sheet 10 can only be opened from the inside, but cannot be opened from the outside.

[0026] In this embodiment, the temperature-resistant pressure relief module 2 is a fireproof and high-temperature resistant insulating rectangular plate, and a gasket 13 is provided between the two valve body blocks 9 of the same pressure relief chamber assembly, and the pressure relief hole 8 passes through the fireproof and high-temperature resistant insulating rectangular plate and the gasket 13, and the two outer sides and the upper end of the fireproof and high-temperature resistant insulating rectangular plate are provided with sealing baffles 14. This design can further prevent the ejected material of the abnormal battery cell 6 from entering the normal battery cell 6; a groove strip is provided in the middle of the gasket 13, and the one-way valve sheet 10 is vertically folded and attached between the two valve body blocks 9, and the front end of the one-way valve sheet 10 is vertically folded with a card strip adapted to the groove strip. This design can make the one-way valve sheet 10 better fit between the two valve body blocks 9, and when a battery cell 6 is thermally out of control, the high-speed airflow and heat generated can also easily blow the card strip away from the groove strip.

[0027] In this embodiment, the one-way valve heat sink 3 is made in one piece, and its processing process is to use a high thermal conductivity material to make a rectangular plate with the same shape as the temperature-resistant pressure relief module 2, mark the position of the rectangular opening 11, and then cut off the upper and lower parts of the rectangular opening mark, and then cut the middle part of the rectangular opening 11 in the center, so as to form two one-way valve sheets 10 to be bent, and then open gaps 12 at both ends of the one-way valve sheet 10, and then use the processed one-way valve heat sink 3 to vertically fold the one-way valve sheet 10 through a stamping and bending machine, and then fold the front end again to form a card strip, the overall processing is convenient, and the processing cost is low.

[0028] In this embodiment, a plurality of copper bars 15 are further arranged between the battery fixing module 1 and the temperature-resistant pressure relief module 2. The battery cells are welded in a single row and gathered together by the copper bar 15 on the top. Each of the copper bars 15 is used to connect the battery cells 6 in the same row in series, and the copper bar 15 is provided with a plurality of opening holes that are larger than or adapted to the aperture of the pressure relief hole 8. When a single battery cell 6 is damaged, it is not necessary to replace the entire battery module, but only a single row needs to be replaced, which can greatly save the subsequent maintenance cost.

[0029] In this embodiment, the battery box includes a box shell 16, and a plurality of installation compartments 17 are arranged in the box shell 16. The battery module is installed in each of the installation compartments 17. Heat dissipation pads 18 are arranged at both ends of the bottom of the battery module. The longitudinal pressure relief guide groove 7 is located between two adjacent heat dissipation pads 18 at the same end. A pressure relief valve 19 is arranged at the bottom center of the installation compartment 17. The battery box is also provided with a cover body 20 adapted to the box shell 16. A pressure sensor and a controller are also arranged in the box shell 16. The pressure relief valve 19 and the pressure sensor are electrically connected to the controller. In this design, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure reaches the set value, the pressure relief valve 19 is opened by the controller to discharge the pressure and heat to the outside.

[0030] Although the embodiments of the present invention are described with practical solutions, they do not constitute limitations on the meaning of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious to modify the implementation scheme and combine it with other solutions based on this description.

Claims

1. A battery module with pressure relief and explosion-proof function, characterized in that: It comprises a battery fixing module (1), wherein both ends of the battery fixing module (1) are sequentially provided with a temperature-resistant pressure relief module (2), a one-way valve heat dissipation plate (3) and a heat insulation wall (4), wherein a plurality of mounting cavities (5) are arranged in an array in the battery fixing module (1), wherein each of the mounting cavities (5) is adapted to be installed with a battery cell (6), and each of the mounting cavities (5) exposes the end of the battery cell (6), wherein the temperature-resistant pressure relief module (2) is attached to the end of the battery fixing module (1), and the temperature-resistant pressure relief modules (2) are arranged in an array. There are a plurality of pressure relief chamber assemblies located at the ends of the battery cells (6); the end surface of the temperature-resistant pressure relief module (2) away from the battery fixing module (1) is also provided with a plurality of crisscrossing pressure relief guide grooves (7); a transverse pressure relief guide groove (7) is provided between two left and right adjacent pressure relief chamber assemblies; a longitudinal pressure relief guide groove (7) is provided between two upper and lower adjacent pressure relief chamber assemblies; the pressure relief chamber assembly comprises a pressure relief hole (8) located at the end of the battery cell (6) and square valve body blocks located at the upper and lower ends of the pressure relief hole (8). (9), and the valve body stopper (9) is installed on the end surface of the temperature-resistant pressure relief module (2) away from the battery fixing module (1), the one-way valve heat dissipation plate (3) is adapted to the shape of the temperature-resistant pressure relief module (2) and is fitted to the end of the valve body stopper (9), and a plurality of vertically folded one-way valve sheets (10) are arranged on the one-way valve heat dissipation plate (3), and the one-way valve sheets (10) are fitted between the two sides of the two valve body stoppers (9) at the same pressure relief hole (8), and the length of the one-way valve sheet (10) is greater than the length of the one-way valve sheet (10) at the same pressure relief hole (8). The spacing between the two valve body blocks (9) at the pressure hole (8) and the height of the one-way valve sheet (10) are adapted to the height of the valve body block (9), so that each battery cell (6) forms an independent pressure relief chamber under the joint action of the pressure relief chamber assembly and the one-way valve heat sink (3); when the battery cell (6) is in a normal state, the one-way valve sheet (10) of the pressure relief chamber is in a fitted closed state; when the battery cell (6) experiences thermal runaway and ejection occurs, the one-way valve sheet (10) can be opened to release pressure and ejection can be discharged through the pressure relief guide groove (7); The one-way valve heat sink (3) is made of a high thermal conductivity material in one piece, and a plurality of rectangular openings (11) are arranged in an array on the one-way valve heat sink (3). Both side walls of each rectangular opening (11) are provided with a vertically bent one-way valve sheet (10), and the two one-way valve sheets (10) at the rectangular opening (11) are respectively attached to the outer side of the left side wall of the valve body stopper (9) of the pressure relief chamber assembly and the outer side of the right side wall of the valve body stopper (9) of the adjacent pressure relief chamber assembly; The length of the one-way valve plate (10) is smaller than the length of the rectangular opening (11), and the middle portion of the one-way valve plate (10) is connected to the rectangular opening (11), and gap fractures (12) are provided between both ends of the one-way valve plate (10) and the rectangular opening (11); The temperature-resistant pressure relief module (2) is a fireproof, high-temperature-resistant, heat-insulating rectangular plate, and a cushion block (13) is provided between the two valve body blocks (9) of the same pressure relief chamber assembly, the pressure relief hole (8) passes through the fireproof, high-temperature-resistant, heat-insulating rectangular plate and the cushion block (13), the two outer sides and the upper end of the fireproof, high-temperature-resistant, heat-insulating rectangular plate are provided with sealing baffles (14), a groove strip is provided in the middle of the cushion block (13), the one-way valve plate (10) is vertically folded and attached between the two valve body blocks (9), and the front end of the one-way valve plate (10) is vertically folded with a clamping strip that matches the groove strip.

2. A battery module with pressure relief and explosion-proof function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery fixing module (1) and the temperature-resistant pressure relief module (2) are both made of fireproof, high-temperature-resistant and heat-insulating materials, and the temperature-resistant pressure relief module (2) is adapted to the end face of the battery fixing module (1), so that the temperature-resistant pressure relief module (2) is precisely fitted to the end face of the battery fixing module (1). The heat insulation wall (4) is made of a light material that is high-temperature-resistant and has low thermal conductivity, and the heat insulation wall (4) covers the entire one-way valve heat dissipation plate (3), which can limit the heat of the entire battery module to only pass through the one-way valve sheet (10) in a directional manner and be discharged through the pressure relief guide groove (7), and a single battery cell (6) is connected to a plurality of pressure relief guide grooves (7), so that the pressure can be released instantly.

3. The battery module with pressure relief and explosion-proof function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A copper busbar (15) is also provided between the battery fixing module (1) and the temperature-resistant pressure relief module (2), and the copper busbar (15) is used to connect a plurality of battery cells (6) in series.

4. A battery box, characterized in that: It comprises a box shell (16), wherein a plurality of mounting chambers (17) are arranged in the box shell (16), wherein each of the mounting chambers (17) is installed with a battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein heat dissipation pads (18) are arranged at both ends of the bottom of the battery module, wherein the longitudinal pressure relief guide groove (7) is located between two adjacent heat dissipation pads (18) at the same end, and a pressure relief valve (19) is arranged at the bottom center of the mounting chamber (17).

5. The battery box according to claim 4, characterized in that: The battery box is also provided with a cover body (20) adapted to the box shell (16), and a pressure sensor and a controller are also provided inside the box shell (16), and the pressure relief valve (19) and the pressure sensor are both electrically connected to the controller.

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