A cultivation method of pleurotus geesteri and a culture medium thereof
By using ginger straw to replace part of the cottonseed hulls as a culture medium for oyster mushrooms, and combining this with cyclic cooling and specific film covering to manage the fruiting environment, the problems of high cultivation costs and susceptibility to yellow spot disease in oyster mushrooms have been solved, resulting in cost reduction and quality improvement.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
The cultivation of oyster mushrooms is costly and they are susceptible to yellow spot disease. Existing technologies are insufficient to effectively reduce costs and control the disease.
Ginger straw was used to replace part of the cottonseed hulls as a culture medium raw material. The mushroom growing environment was managed by circulating cooling and a specific film covering method. Combined with appropriate humidity and CO2 concentration control, the growth conditions of Oyster mushroom were optimized.
It significantly reduces the production cost of oyster mushrooms, effectively reduces the incidence of yellow spot disease, and improves the overall quality of oyster mushrooms.
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of Pleurotus pulmonarius and a culture medium thereof. BACKGROUND
[0002] Pleurotus pulmonarius is a wood fungus and does not contain chlorophyll, so it cannot perform photosynthesis to manufacture nutrients and needs to rely on nutrients in the culture medium to promote growth and development. At present, the main raw material for cultivating Pleurotus pulmonarius is sawdust and cotton seed hulls. However, as the scale of cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius is continuously expanding, the price of raw materials is rising year by year, and the production cost is becoming higher and higher, which seriously limits the development of Pleurotus pulmonarius. Many studies have shown that old asparagus stems, corn cobs, chestnut burr, rice straw powder, cassava stems, hairy bean hulls and mushroom dregs can also be used to replace sawdust and cotton seed hulls for the production of Pleurotus pulmonarius. Using agricultural products as the raw material for cultivating Pleurotus pulmonarius can not only improve the added value of agricultural products and build an ecological circular agricultural economic structure, but also meet the trend of modern agricultural development, and can reduce production costs and promote the industrial development of Pleurotus pulmonarius.
[0003] Ginger straw is a waste product of ginger production. It is difficult to use as fertilizer, clean energy or feed because of its strong toughness, low combustion value and pungent taste. Therefore, the disposal of ginger straw has become a big problem for local farmers. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of ginger straw is about 22.14, which is suitable for the cultivation of edible fungi. Ginger straw is rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral elements, which can provide rich nutrients for the cultivation substrate of edible fungi. There is no report on the use of ginger straw to cultivate Pleurotus pulmonarius.
[0004] Yellow spot disease, also known as yellow mushroom disease, is an important disease in the cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius. The symptoms are yellowing, softening, atrophy and growth stop of the cap and stem, and the whole fruiting body is rotten in severe cases. The pathogenic bacteria causing yellow spot disease are Pseudomonas. This bacterium is widely distributed and can be transmitted through soil, water, air, culture medium and pests. In addition to the resistance of Pleurotus pulmonarius itself, the occurrence of yellow spot disease is closely related to the management and environmental conditions during fruiting. Since the growth environment of Pleurotus pulmonarius is indoor, it needs to be watered frequently during fruiting. When the water accumulates for a long time, the temperature is high, and the ventilation is poor, Pseudomonas will rapidly reproduce and harm the mushroom. How to choose the right culture medium and coordinate the fruiting environment during the management of Pleurotus pulmonarius is crucial to prevent and control the occurrence of yellow spot disease and improve the quality of Pleurotus pulmonarius. SUMMARY
[0005] In view of the above prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a cultivation method of Pleurotus pulmonarius and a culture medium thereof.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:
[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a cultivation method of Pleurotus geesteri, comprising the following steps:
[0008] (1) inoculating the activated Pleurotus geesteri strain into a wheat grain culture medium, and culturing until the mycelium covers the whole bag to obtain a wheat grain inoculum;
[0009] (2) inoculating the wheat grain inoculum into a Pleurotus geesteri culture medium for mycelium culture, and culturing until the mycelium covers the whole bag to complete the mycelium culture;
[0010] (3) after the completion of the mycelium culture, performing three cycles of cold treatment, each cycle of cold treatment being culturing at 8-12℃ for 8-10h, then culturing at 14-18℃ for 8-10h, and then culturing at 22-26℃ for 8-10h; after the three cycles of cold treatment, continuing to culture at 22-26℃ until the mycelium appears on the surface of the bag, performing surface scratching, and then opening the bag to make the mushrooms grow, covering a layer of perforated plastic film above the bag after opening, covering a layer of non-woven fabric above the perforated plastic film, uncovering the non-woven fabric when the mushroom sprouts grow to 1-2cm, uncovering the perforated plastic film when the mushroom sprouts grow to 2-3cm, and harvesting the mature mushrooms.
[0011] Preferably, in step (2), the mycelium culture is performed under the following conditions: temperature 25℃, humidity 60%, CO2 concentration 200-500ppm, and lightless culture.
[0012] Preferably, in step (3), when the mushrooms grow, the humidity is 85%-95%, the CO2 concentration is 200-500ppm, and the scattered light is used for all-day culture.
[0013] Preferably, in step (3), the diameter of the holes of the perforated plastic film is 2-4mm, and the distance between the holes is 4-8mm.
[0014] Preferably, in step (2), the Pleurotus geesteri culture medium comprises the following raw materials by mass:
[0015] ginger stalks 10-40 parts, cotton seed hulls 40-70 parts, wheat bran 15-20 parts, gypsum 0.5-1.5 parts, and white sugar 0.5-1.5 parts.
[0016] Preferably, the Pleurotus geesteri culture medium comprises the following raw materials by mass: ginger stalks 20 parts, cotton seed hulls 60 parts, wheat bran 18 parts, gypsum 1 part, and white sugar 1 part.
[0017] Preferably, the Pleurotus geesteri culture medium is prepared by the following method:
[0018] The ginger stalks are dried to a water content of less than 8%, and are crushed, and the crushed ginger stalks, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, gypsum and white sugar are prepared according to the mass parts, water is added to a substrate water content of 50-70%, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed material, which is bagged, sterilized, and a Pleurotus geesteranus culture medium is obtained.
[0019] The beneficial effects of the present application are:
[0020] 1. The present application selects ginger stalks as the culture material for cultivating Pleurotus geesteranus, which not only can replace part of the cottonseed hulls in the original culture medium raw material, so that the amount of cottonseed hulls is reduced and the cost is lowered, but also has a positive influence on the comprehensive quality of Pleurotus geesteranus, so that the crude protein, crude fat, total sugar, reducing sugar and total antioxidant capacity of Pleurotus geesteranus are significantly improved, and in addition, the use of ginger stalks to replace part of the cottonseed hulls also reduces the occurrence of yellow spot disease of Pleurotus geesteranus.
[0021] 2. The present application promotes the growth of Pleurotus geesteranus and reduces the occurrence of yellow spot disease of Pleurotus geesteranus, and also improves the comprehensive quality of Pleurotus geesteranus; in the process of fruiting, different film covering methods are adopted according to the needs of Pleurotus geesteranus for humidity and ventilation; in the early stage of fruiting, since Pleurotus geesteranus needs high humidity, a double-layer covering method of perforated plastic film and non-woven fabric is adopted to ensure the humidity of the surface of the bag, and as the growth of the fruiting body consumes a large amount of oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, the non-woven fabric is removed and only the perforated plastic film is retained, which has certain air permeability, so as to avoid the long-term high-concentration CO2 and hot environment of the bag and reduce the occurrence of yellow spot disease of the fruiting body; in summary, through the improvement of the culture medium raw material and the culture method, the incidence of yellow spot disease of Pleurotus geesteranus is significantly reduced. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs.
[0023] In order for those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solutions of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with specific examples.
[0024] The test materials used in the embodiments of the present application are all conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.
[0025] The Pleurotus geesteranus used in the present application is purchased from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center, and the preservation number is ACCC 51675.
[0026] Example 1: Preparation of a Pleurotus geesteranus culture medium:
[0027] Raw material composition (mass parts) : ginger stalk 10 parts, cottonseed hull 70 parts, wheat bran 18 parts, gypsum 1 part and white sugar 1 part;
[0028] Preparation method:
[0029] (1) The ginger stalk is dried to a moisture content of less than 8%, and then crushed into 1 cm long and 0.2 cm wide strip-shaped fragments; the treated ginger stalk, cottonseed hull, wheat bran, gypsum and white sugar are prepared according to the mass parts, and then water is added in a ratio of 60 ml water to 40 g dry material, and the final cultivation material humidity is about 60%, and then immediately stirred uniformly;
[0030] (2) The stirred uniform cultivation material is loaded into a cultivation bag, and attention is paid to the compaction degree of the cultivation material during loading, and the compaction degree of the lower half of the cultivation material in the cultivation bag is slightly higher than that of the upper half, and the outer compaction degree is slightly higher than the middle; after loading is completed, the cultivation bag is sealed;
[0031] (3) Put into a high-pressure sterilization pot for sterilization (121℃, 0.12-0.14MPa, 2h), after sterilization is completed, the cultivation bag is taken out after the sterilization pot is cooled to below 40℃, and placed in a clean and dry place, and inoculation is completed within 7 days.
[0032] Example 2: Preparation of Pleurotus geesterutii cultivation medium:
[0033] Raw material composition (mass parts) : ginger stalk 20 parts, cottonseed hull 60 parts, wheat bran 18 parts, gypsum 1 part and white sugar 1 part;
[0034] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, and the Pleurotus geesterutii cultivation medium is prepared.
[0035] Example 3: Preparation of Pleurotus geesterutii cultivation medium:
[0036] Raw material composition (mass parts) : ginger stalk 40 parts, cottonseed hull 40 parts, wheat bran 18 parts, gypsum 1 part and white sugar 1 part;
[0037] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, and the Pleurotus geesterutii cultivation medium is prepared.
[0038] Example 4: Cultivation of Pleurotus geesterutii:
[0039] 1. Activation of strain:
[0040] The Pleurotus geesterutii strain is inoculated on PDA flat plate medium, 3 repeats are set, and the PDA flat plate with excellent growth traits is selected for secondary transfer to achieve the purpose of activating the strain; the activated strain is transferred to a test tube for long-term preservation for use.
[0041] 2. Making wheat grain spores:
[0042] First, select no damage, no deformity of wheat to clean up, then placed in the pot to cook, when cooked and wheat particles are not broken particles stop cooking, according to the proportion of 99:1 (g: ml) to add lime, stirring, loaded into the ready cultivation bag, pay attention to the tightness of the wheat, not excessive pressing, to prevent damage to the cultivation bag. After loading is completed, put into the autoclave sterilization (121 ℃, 0.12-0.14 MPa, 120 min), after sterilization sterilization pot to drop to 50 ℃ or less after it is taken out, to get the wheat medium;
[0043] The strain of Pleurotus geesterutii is inoculated from PDA medium to wheat seed medium, the inoculation amount is 0.5 ml, and the culture is carried out in the dark. The temperature is 25 ℃, the humidity is 40%, and the CO2 concentration is 200-500 ppm. The mycelium grows to fill the cultivation bag, and the wheat seed medium is obtained.
[0044] 3. Mycelium culture: 25 wheat seed inoculations are inoculated into the Pleurotus geesterutii medium prepared in Example 3, and are transferred to a culture room. The temperature is 25 ℃, the humidity is 60%, the CO2 concentration is 200-500 ppm, and the culture is carried out in the dark. The mycelium grows to fill the entire bag, and the culture is completed.
[0045] 4. Mushroom management:
[0046] After the culture is completed, the cycle is cooled three times. Each time the cooling is carried out at 10 ℃ for 8 h, followed by culture at 16 ℃ for 8 h, and then culture at 24 ℃ for 8 h. After the cycle is cooled three times, the culture is continued at 24 ℃ until the mycelium appears on the surface of the bag. The surface of the bag is scratched, and the mycelium on the upper surface of the bag is scratched off. Then the bag is opened to grow mushrooms. A layer of perforated plastic film is covered on the top of the bag, and a layer of non-woven fabric is covered on the perforated plastic film. When the mushroom sprouts grow to 1-2 cm, the non-woven fabric is removed. When the mushroom sprouts grow to 2-3 cm, the perforated plastic film is removed. The mature mushrooms are harvested.
[0047] Comparative Example 1:
[0048] The wheat seed medium is prepared according to the method of Example 4, and then the mycelium culture and mushroom management are carried out. The mature mushrooms are harvested.
[0049] 1. The Pleurotus geesterutii medium is prepared by the following method:
[0050] Raw material composition (mass parts): cottonseed hull 80 parts, wheat bran 18 parts, gypsum 1 part, and white sugar 1 part;
[0051] Preparation method:
[0052] (1) The cottonseed hull, wheat bran, gypsum, and white sugar are prepared according to the mass parts. Then, water is added according to the ratio of 40 g of dry material to 60 ml of water. The final cultivation material humidity is about 60%. Then, the mixture is immediately stirred uniformly.
[0053] (2) The stirred culture medium is loaded into the cultivation bag. When loading, the compaction degree of the culture medium is noted, and the compaction degree of the lower half of the culture medium in the cultivation bag is slightly higher than that of the upper half, and the outer compaction degree is slightly higher than the middle. After loading is completed, the cultivation bag is sealed;
[0054] (3) The high-pressure sterilization pot is placed for sterilization (121°C, 0.12-0.14 MPa, 2 h). After sterilization is completed, the cultivation bag is taken out after the sterilization pot is cooled to below 40°C, and is placed in a clean and dry place. Inoculation is completed within 7 days;
[0055] 2. Mycelium culture: 25 grain inoculums are inoculated into the Pleurotus geesterus culture medium, and are transferred to a culture room. Mycelium culture is carried out at a temperature of 25°C, a humidity of 60%, a CO2 concentration of 200-500 ppm, and in the dark. The mycelium culture is completed when the mycelium grows throughout the bag;
[0056] 3. Mushroom management: after the mycelium culture is completed, cold stimulation is carried out at 14°C for 12 h, and then cultivation is carried out at 24°C for 12 h. After cold stimulation, cultivation is continued at 24°C until mycelium appears on the surface of the bag. The surface of the bag is scratched, and the mycelium on the upper surface of the bag is scratched off. Then, the bag is opened for mushroom growth. After the bag is opened, a layer of plastic film (non-porous) is covered above the bag. When the mushroom sprouts grow to 1-2 cm, the plastic film (non-porous) is removed. The mushrooms are harvested when the mushrooms are mature.
[0057] Comparative Example 2:
[0058] The grain inoculum is prepared according to the method of Example 4, and then mycelium culture and mushroom management are carried out. The mushrooms are harvested when the mushrooms are mature.
[0059] 1. The Pleurotus geesterus culture medium is prepared by the following method:
[0060] Raw material composition (mass parts): cottonseed hull 80 parts, wheat bran 18 parts, gypsum 1 part, and white sugar 1 part;
[0061] Preparation method:
[0062] (1) The cottonseed hull, wheat bran, gypsum, and white sugar are prepared according to the mass parts. Then, water is added according to a ratio of 60 ml water to 40 g dry material. The final moisture content of the culture medium is about 60%. Then, the culture medium is immediately stirred uniformly;
[0063] (2) The stirred culture medium is loaded into the cultivation bag. When loading, the compaction degree of the culture medium is noted, and the compaction degree of the lower half of the culture medium in the cultivation bag is slightly higher than that of the upper half, and the outer compaction degree is slightly higher than the middle. After loading is completed, the cultivation bag is sealed;
[0064] (3) Put into autoclave for sterilization (121℃, 0.12-0.14MPa, 2h), after sterilization, when the autoclave is cooled to below 40℃, take out the cultivation bag, and place it in a clean and dry place, complete inoculation within 7 days;
[0065] 2. Mycelium culture: inoculate 25 wheat grain spores into the Pleurotus spodoleuca culture medium respectively, and transfer to the culture room, carry out mycelium culture under the conditions of temperature 25℃, humidity 60%, CO2 concentration 200-500ppm, and light avoidance, and wait for the mycelium to grow over the whole bag to complete the mycelium culture;
[0066] 3. Mushroom management: after the completion of the mycelium culture, carry out cycle cold stimulation for three times, each time is to culture at 10℃ for 8h, then at 16℃ for 8h, and then at 24℃ for 8h; after the cycle cold stimulation for three times, continue to culture at 24℃ until the mycelium appears on the surface of the bag, carry out surface scratching, scratch the mycelium on the upper surface of the bag, then open the bag to let the mushrooms grow, after the opening, cover a layer of perforated plastic film on the top of the bag, cover a layer of non-woven fabric on the top of the perforated plastic film, when the mushroom sprouts grow to 1-2cm, remove the non-woven fabric, when the mushroom sprouts grow to 2-3cm, remove the perforated plastic film, and harvest the mature mushrooms.
[0067] Comparative Example 3:
[0068] Prepare the wheat grain spores according to the method of Example 4, then carry out mycelium culture and mushroom management, and harvest the mature mushrooms.
[0069] 2. Mycelium culture: inoculate 25 wheat grain spores into the Pleurotus spodoleuca culture medium prepared in Example 3 respectively, and transfer to the culture room, carry out mycelium culture under the conditions of temperature 25℃, humidity 60%, CO2 concentration 200-500ppm, and light avoidance, and wait for the mycelium to grow over the whole bag to complete the mycelium culture;
[0070] 3. Mushroom management: after the completion of the mycelium culture, carry out cycle cold stimulation for three times, each time is to culture at 10℃ for 8h, then at 16℃ for 8h, and then at 24℃ for 8h; after the cycle cold stimulation for three times, continue to culture at 24℃ until the mycelium appears on the surface of the bag, carry out surface scratching, scratch the mycelium on the upper surface of the bag, then open the bag to let the mushrooms grow, after the opening, cover a layer of perforated plastic film on the top of the bag, cover a layer of non-woven fabric on the top of the perforated plastic film, when the mushroom sprouts grow to 1-2cm, remove the non-woven fabric, when the mushroom sprouts grow to 2-3cm, remove the perforated plastic film, and harvest the mature mushrooms.
[0071] Test Example:
[0072] 1. Test method:
[0073] After the completion of the mushroom culture, measure the physiological characteristics of the Pleurotus spodoleuca fruiting bodies cultivated in the culture medium of Example 4 and Comparative Examples 1-3, and calculate the occurrence degree of yellow spot disease.
[0074] 1.1 Determination of biological efficiency, cap diameter and water content:
[0075] Biological efficiency: total fresh weight of fruiting body / dry weight of cultivation material x 100%;
[0076] Cap diameter: vernier caliper was used to measure the overall diameter of Pleurotus geesterus, and the distance between the longest and shortest parts was measured respectively, and the average value was taken as the cap diameter;
[0077] Cap thickness: vernier caliper was used to measure the thickness of the cap, and the thickness of the four different regions of the ear was measured respectively, and the average value of the obtained data was taken as the cap thickness.
[0078] Determination of water content: the determination of water content was carried out according to the national standard "GB 5009.3-2016 Food Safety National Standard Determination of Water in Food".
[0079] 1.2 Crude protein content test was carried out according to the national standard "GB 5009.5-2016 Food Safety National Standard Determination of Protein in Food".
[0080] 1.3 Crude fat content test was carried out according to the national standard "GB 5009.6-2016 Determination of Fat in Food by Soxhlet Extraction Method".
[0081] 1.4 Total sugar content test was carried out according to the national standard "GBT 15672-2009 Determination of Total Sugar Content in Edible Fungi".
[0082] 1.5 Reducing sugar content test: "GB 5009.7-2016 Food Safety National Standard Determination of Reducing Sugar in Food"
[0083] 1.6 Determination of total antioxidant capacity: FRAP method was used to determine the total antioxidant capacity.
[0084] 1.7 Calculation method of yellow spot disease rate L:
[0085] L(%)=(B / Z) x 100;
[0086] Wherein, B is the area of yellow spot disease strain, unit cm 2 ; Z is the total area of the strain, unit cm 2 .
[0087] 2, Test results
[0088] Table 1 Growth of Pleurotus geesterus under different treatments and analysis of nutritional components
[0089]
[0090] According to Table 1, compared with the conventional culture medium and culture method of Comparative Example 1, the crude protein, crude fat, total sugar, reducing sugar and total antioxidant capacity of the Hypsizygus marmoreus are significantly improved by simultaneously improving the culture medium and culture method in Example 4.
[0091] Table 2 Disease rate of Hypsizygus marmoreus yellow spot disease under different treatments
[0092] Culture medium Rate of yellow mottle disease (%) Example 4 6.2 Comparative Example 1 35.1 Comparative Example 2 22.1 Comparative Example 3 24.3
[0093] According to Table 2, compared with the conventional culture medium and culture method of Comparative Example 1, the disease rate of yellow spot disease is significantly reduced by simultaneously improving the culture medium and culture method in Example 4.
[0094] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art based on the spirit and principles of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A method for cultivating oyster mushrooms, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The activated oyster mushroom strain was inoculated into wheat grain medium and cultured until the mycelium covered the bag to obtain wheat grain spawn; (2) Inoculate the wheat grain spawn into the mushroom culture medium for mycelial culture. The mycelial growth is complete when the mycelium has covered the entire bag. (3) After the mycelium has grown, the cyclic cooling is performed three times. Each cooling is performed at 8-12℃ for 8-10 hours, then at 14-18℃ for 8-10 hours, and then at 22-26℃ for 8-10 hours. After the cyclic cooling is performed three times, the culture is continued at 22-26℃ until mycelium appears on the surface of the bag. After surface scratching, the bag is opened to allow the mushrooms to grow. After opening, a perforated plastic film is placed on top of the bag, and a non-woven fabric is placed on top of the perforated plastic film. When the mushroom buds grow to 1-2 cm, the non-woven fabric is removed. When the mushroom buds grow to 2-3 cm, the perforated plastic film is removed. The mushrooms are harvested when they are mature. The perforated plastic film has a pore diameter of 2-4 mm and a pore spacing of 4-8 mm. The culture medium for Oyster mushrooms includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-40 parts ginger straw, 40-70 parts cottonseed hulls, 15-20 parts wheat bran, 0.5-1.5 parts gypsum, and 0.5-1.5 parts white sugar; It is prepared by the following method: the ginger straw is dried to a moisture content of less than 8%, crushed, and the crushed ginger straw, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, gypsum and white sugar are mixed according to the mass parts, water is added to the substrate moisture content to 50-70%, and the mixture is stirred evenly to obtain a mixture, which is then bagged and sterilized to obtain the oyster mushroom culture medium. The cultivation method of this oyster mushroom can significantly improve the crude protein, crude fat, total sugar, reducing sugar and total antioxidant capacity of the oyster mushroom, while significantly reducing the incidence of yellow spot disease.
2. The cultivation method of *Pleurotus ostreatus* as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the conditions for mycelial culture are: temperature 25℃, humidity 60%, CO2 concentration 200-500ppm, and culture in the dark.
3. The cultivation method of *Pleurotus ostreatus* as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), when the mushrooms are opening, the humidity is 85%-95% and the CO2 concentration is 200-500ppm, and the mushrooms are cultivated under diffused light all day long.
Citation Information
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