A recoverable safety and release isolation device for electromechanical fuze

Abstract

The present invention discloses a recoverable safety and release isolation device for an electromechanical fuze, comprising a base, a housing, a block, a recoil safety cylinder, an anti-recovery pin, a flameproof rotor, an electromagnetic pin, a torsion spring, a locking pin, an electric motor, and a shaft end gear. Normally, the device is in an isolated state (safe state), and the recoil safety and the electromagnetic pin restrict the flameproof rotor to an initial position; during normal firing, the recoil safety and the electromagnetic pin act in sequence to release the restriction on the flameproof rotor, and the flameproof rotor rotates into place under the action of the torsion spring, and the detonation sequence is aligned. At this time, the locking pin locks the rotor in the release isolation position, and the fuze enters the release isolation state (ready to fire state). When the attack is canceled, the anti-recovery pin and the locking pin are powered on and retracted, and the electric motor is powered on to overcome the torsion spring torque and restore the flameproof rotor to its initial safe position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fuze safety, and in particular to a recoverable safety and release isolation device for an electromechanical fuze. Background Art

[0002] A fuze is a control device (system) that uses target and environmental information to detonate or ignite the warhead charge of a munition under predetermined conditions. The safety and de-isolating device is a component of the fuze that ensures safety during both normal operations and use. It primarily includes flameproofing the explosion sequence and securing the flameproof mechanism. Ammunition such as attack drones has operational characteristics significantly different from conventional munitions, characterized by long loitering times and the ability to strike twice. Therefore, the safety and de-isolating devices used in these fuzes should be recoverable.

[0003] With the development of advanced technologies and the increasing demand for fuze safety, fuze safety and de-isolating devices must ensure safety not only during service handling and the launch cycle, but also during mission cancellation, target loss, and unexploded ordnance disposal. Most domestic and international ammunition fuze safety and de-isolating devices feature one-way, one-time transitions. After de-isolating and isolating, they cannot be restored to a safe state, hindering adaptability to changing battlefield conditions and the safe disposal of unexploded ordnance. Therefore, designing a recoverable safety and de-isolating device is of great significance.

[0004] In terms of recoverable safety and release isolation devices for fuzes, relevant research has been done both at home and abroad. In terms of foreign research, in recent years, with the rise of distributed warfare and the concept of "swarm" ammunition, foreign countries have paid more and more attention to the coordinated operations between micro-ammunition, to carry out saturation attacks on the enemy and reduce collateral damage to our personnel. Ammunition fuzes need to have recoverable functions. The US Navy has explored and designed a MEMS recoverable safety and release isolation device, and completed the test verification of the safety and release isolation device to release the insurance and restore it to a safe state, and it can provide safe state / release state feedback. In terms of domestic research, Tu Shimei introduced a new reversible control scheme for the safety and release isolation device of the torpedo fuze in the article "Design Scheme of a New Torpedo Smart Fuze", which controls the conversion function of the fuze between the safe state and the ready state through the guidance system command information. In his paper "Reversible Fuze Explosion Isolation Mechanism Driven by a One-Way Bearing Motor," Fan Honghui proposed a reversible fuze explosion isolation mechanism driven by a one-way bearing motor. The forward and reverse rotation of the stepper motor drives the linear and rotational motion of the detonating tube, thereby switching the explosion isolation mechanism between the safe and armed states. However, this scheme does not reliably lock the explosion isolation mechanism after it is fully operational. The papers "Recoverable Explosion Isolation Mechanism for a Safe State Based on Continued Rotation of the Rotor," "Research on the Safe State Recovery of a Fuze Based on an Electromagnetic Pin Puller," and "Analysis and Implementation of the Fuze Safe State Recovery Function" describe methods that use the residual force of a torsion spring to switch the explosion isolation rotor from the armed state to the safe state. However, this transition is a one-time process and cannot achieve multiple transitions between the safe and armed states. This makes it difficult to adapt to scenarios where the safety and armed states of a drone must be restored multiple times after it loses its target and combat opportunity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention proposes a recoverable safety and release isolation device for an electromechanical fuze, which can realize bidirectional multiple conversions between the initial safety state and the ready state of the fuze safety and release isolation device, solving the problem that the safety and release isolation devices of ammunition such as drones are difficult to achieve bidirectional conversion. In addition, the explosion-proof mechanism can be reliably locked after moving into place, ensuring the safety of the bidirectional conversion and better adapting to changes in the battlefield situation.

[0006] The technical solution for realizing the present invention is: a recoverable safety and release isolation device of an electromechanical fuze, including a base, a shell, a block, a recoil safety cylinder, an anti-recovery pin, a flameproof rotor, an electromagnetic pin, a torsion spring, a locking pin, a motor, and a shaft end gear.

[0007] The base serves as a carrier, and the shell, stopper, electromagnetic pin, and motor are all fixed on the base. The anti-recovery pin is installed and fixed on the shell. The stopper, flameproof rotor, recoil safety cylinder, anti-recovery pin, electromagnetic pin, torsion spring, locking pin, motor, and shaft end gear are all located in the shell cavity; the flameproof rotor is a horizontal rotor, located above the base, and is provided with an explosion transmission hole, a first safety hole, a second safety hole, and a locking hole; the upper end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the flameproof rotor, and initially the torsion spring is in a pre-twisted state, used to drive the rotation of the flameproof rotor; the stopper is fixed on the base, and the top of the stopper is inserted into the recoil safety cylinder, and the two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the recoil safety cylinder and the stopper. Under the action of the spring resistance, the top of the recoil safety cylinder is located in the first safety hole of the flameproof rotor, serving as the first-level safety to limit the movement of the flameproof rotor; one end of the electromagnetic pin is installed on the base, and the other end is placed in the second safety hole of the flameproof rotor, serving as the second-level safety to limit the movement of the flameproof rotor. At this time, the explosion transmission hole on the flameproof rotor is misaligned with the detonating tube.

[0008] The torsion spring stiffness is 0.15N·mm / degree, the initial torsion angle is 120 degrees, and the torque is 18N·mm; after the rotor rotates to the positive position, the torsion angle is 50 degrees and the torque is 7.5N·mm.

[0009] The anti-recovery pin is an electromagnetic anti-recovery pin. When the power is off, the pin shaft extends under the action of the spring resistance and retracts when the power is on. It is used to limit the position after the recoil safety is released. The recoil safety axis is perpendicular to the base and is mounted on the base through the bottom surface. The first-level safety mechanism is a recoil safety mechanism. It serves as the first-level safety of the safety and release isolation device. It is placed in the first safety hole of the flameproof rotor and mainly consists of a recoil safety cylinder, a spring, and a block. During normal firing, the recoil safety cylinder overcomes the spring resistance under the action of inertial overload and moves downward to the release position. At this time, the anti-recovery pin, under the action of the spring resistance, restricts the recoil safety cylinder to the release position, and the first-level safety of the fuze is released.

[0010] The secondary safety mechanism is an electromagnetic pin safety mechanism, which mainly consists of an electromagnetic pin and an electromagnetic pin shaft. When the electromagnetic pin is powered on, the shaft retracts; when the power is off, the shaft is released and inserted into the second safety hole of the flameproof rotor, serving as a second-level safety and isolation release device.

[0011] When the fuze is not experiencing a launch overload, the recoverable safety and release isolation device is in an isolated state. The recoil safety and electromagnetic pin restrain the flameproof rotor in its initial position, the torsion spring is pre-torqued, the locking pin is de-energized, and the pin shaft is retracted within the locking pin housing. The safety and release isolation device has a fail-safe feature. If the secondary safety mechanism activates before the primary safety mechanism—that is, the electromagnetic pin safety mechanism activates before the recoil safety mechanism—the flameproof rotor, under the action of the torsion spring, interlocks with the recoil safety mechanism, preventing release and placing the fuze in a fail-safe state.

[0012] When the fuze is fired, the recoil safety mechanism and the electromagnetic pin safety mechanism are activated in sequence to release the restriction on the flameproof rotor. The flameproof rotor rotates under the action of the torsion spring torque, so that the electric detonator on the flameproof rotor is aligned with the detonating tube, opening the explosion transmission channel; after the flameproof rotor rotates into place, the locking pin shaft extends under the action of the spring resistance to fix the flameproof rotor in the isolation release position, and the fuze is isolated.

[0013] When the attack command is canceled, the locking pin is powered on, the pin shaft is retracted, and the restriction on the flameproof rotor is released. At this time, the motor is powered on, and the torque of the shaft end gear overcomes the torque of the torsion spring, driving the flameproof rotor to return to its initial safe position.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: the safety and release isolation device mentioned in the present invention can reliably release the safety in a recoil overload environment, and can be applied to ammunition fuzes such as attack-type UAVs; the safety and release isolation device is in an isolated state when not launched. After the safety is released and the explosion-proof rotor rotates into place, the detonation sequence is aligned, the rotor is reliably locked by the locking pin, and the fuze is in a ready-to-fire state. A fault-safe design is adopted to ensure the safety of the fuze action when the release sequence is disordered. The present invention can realize two-way conversion between the safe state and the ready-to-fire state, has the advantages of compact structure and high safety, and can meet the combat needs of UAVs in multiple scenarios such as disconnection from the network, recovery, and secondary strikes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is the overall structural diagram of the electromechanical fuse recoverable safety and release isolation device of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the isolation state of the electromechanical fuse recoverable safety and release isolation device of the present invention. Figure 2 (a) is the top view. Figure 2 (b) is the structural diagram after the shell is hidden. Figure 2 (c) is a cross-sectional view of the flameproof rotor along the AA direction.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the electromechanical fuse recoverable safety and isolation release device in the isolation release state of the present invention. Figure 3 (a) is the top view. Figure 3 (b) is the structural diagram after the shell is hidden. Figure 3 (c) is a cross-sectional view of the flameproof rotor along the BB direction.

[0018] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the fail-safe implementation.

[0019] In the figure: 1-base; 2-housing; 3-stop block; 4-recoil safety cylinder; 5-anti-recovery pin; 6-flameproof rotor; 7-electromagnetic pin; 8-locking pin; 9-motor; 10-shaft end gear; 11-explosion transmission hole; 12-locking hole; 13-torsion spring; 14-electromagnetic pin shaft; 15-locking pin shaft; 16-spring; 17-first safety hole; 18-second safety hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0022] In this disclosure, references to "first," "second," and so on are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features being referenced. Thus, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of this disclosure, "plurality" means at least two, such as two or three, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0023] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; "connection" can refer to mechanical connection or electrical connection. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0024] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in this field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0025] The following will further introduce the specific implementation methods, as well as the technical difficulties and inventive points of this invention in combination with this design example.

[0026] Combine Figures 1 to 3The specific embodiment of the present invention provides a recoverable safety and release isolation device for an electromechanical fuze, comprising a base 1, a housing 2, a stopper 3, a recoil safety sleeve 4, an anti-recovery pin 5, a flameproof rotor 6, an electromagnetic pin 7, a torsion spring 13, a locking pin 8, a motor 9, and a shaft end gear 10. The base 1 serves as a carrier, the housing 2, the stopper 3, the electromagnetic pin 7, and the motor 9 are all fixed to the base 1, the anti-recovery pin 5 is mounted and fixed to the housing 2, and the stopper 3, the flameproof rotor 6, the recoil safety sleeve 4, the anti-recovery pin 5, the electromagnetic pin 7, the torsion spring 13, the locking pin 8, the motor 9, and the shaft end gear 10 are all located in the cavity of the housing 2. The flameproof rotor 6 is a horizontal rotor located above the base 1. The flameproof rotor 6 is provided with an explosion transmission hole 11, a first safety hole 17, a second safety hole 18, and a locking hole 12. The upper end of the torsion spring 13 is fixedly connected to the flameproof rotor 6. Initially, the torsion spring 13 is in a pre-twisted state and is used to drive the rotation of the flameproof rotor 6. Stopper 3 is fixed to base 1, with its top inserted into recoil safety cylinder 4. The two ends of spring 16 are connected to recoil safety cylinder 4 and stopper 3, respectively. Under the resistance of spring 16, the top of recoil safety cylinder 4 is positioned within first safety hole 17 of flameproof rotor 6, acting as a primary safety barrier to limit the movement of flameproof rotor 6. One end of electromagnetic pin 7 is mounted on base 1, and the other end is positioned within second safety hole 18 of flameproof rotor 6, acting as a secondary safety barrier to limit the movement of flameproof rotor 6. At this point, the explosion hole 11 on flameproof rotor 6 is misaligned with the detonator tube.

[0027] The stiffness of the torsion spring 13 is 0.15 N·mm / degree, the initial torsion angle is 120 degrees, and the torque is 18 N·mm; after the flameproof rotor 6 is turned straight, the torsion angle is 50 degrees and the torque is 7.5 N·mm.

[0028] During normal safety and when the isolation device is in the isolation state, the locking pin shaft 15 is retracted into the locking pin 8; when in the isolation state, the locking pin 8 is inserted into the locking hole 12 of the explosion-proof rotor 6 to lock the explosion-proof rotor 6. The center of the explosion-proof rotor 6 is processed into an internal gear, which is meshed with the shaft end gear 10 of the motor 9. The torsion spring 13 is in a pre-twisted state. When the recoil safety cylinder 4 and the electromagnetic pin 7 release the restriction on the explosion-proof rotor 6, the explosion-proof rotor 6 rotates under the torque of the torsion spring 13, so that the explosion hole 11 is aligned with the detonating tube, and the explosion transmission channel is opened. At this time, the locking pin 8 locks the explosion-proof rotor 6, and the fuse is in a ready state.

[0029] A hole is eccentrically opened on the top of the housing 2, and the top surface of the flameproof rotor 6 is located exactly in the hole.

[0030] See also Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the working process of the electromechanical fuse recoverable safety and release isolation device of this embodiment is as follows:

[0031] When the fuze is not fired, the recoverable electromechanical fuze safety and release isolation device is in an isolated state, the recoil fuse cylinder 4 and the electromagnetic pin 7 limit the flameproof rotor 6 to the initial position, the torsion spring 13 is in a pre-twisted state, and the fuze is in an initial safe state.

[0032] After the fuze is fired, the recoil safety cylinder 4, under the action of recoil overload, overcomes the resistance of the spring 16 and moves downward. When the overload reaches a certain threshold, it disengages from the first safety hole 17 and is fixed in the release position by the anti-restoration pin 5, thereby releasing the first-level safety of the flameproof rotor 6. When the fuze recognizes the second-level release signal, the electromagnetic pin 7 is energized and actuated, and the electromagnetic pin shaft 14 disengages from the second safety hole 18 of the flameproof rotor 6, releasing the second-level safety. From then on, all restrictions on the flameproof rotor 6 are released. Under the torque of the torsion spring 13, it rotates to the release isolation position, and the detonation sequence is aligned. At this time, the locking pin shaft 15 extends to reliably lock the rotor, and the fuze is switched to the ready state.

[0033] When the attack cancellation and network disconnection instructions are received, the locking pin 8 is energized, and the locking pin shaft 15 is retracted to release the lock on the flameproof rotor 6; at this time, the motor 9 is energized, and under the action of the torque of its shaft end gear 10, it overcomes the torsion spring torque to restore the flameproof rotor 6 to its initial safe position. At this time, the electromagnetic pin 7 is de-energized to re-lock the flameproof rotor 6 and restore it to the second-level safety state; when the fuze receives the recovery instruction, the anti-recovery pin 5 is energized, the pin shaft is retracted to release the restriction on the recoil safety cylinder 4, and is placed back in the first safety hole 17 of the flameproof rotor 6 under the resistance of the recoil safety spring, and restored to the first-level safety state. From then on, both safety levels have been restored to ensure the safety of ammunition recovery.

[0034] Combine Figure 4 In this embodiment, a recoverable safety and release isolation device for an electromechanical fuze is provided with a fault safety. The recoil safety cylinder 4, the block 3, and the spring 16 together serve as a primary safety mechanism, namely the recoil safety mechanism; the electromagnetic pin 7 and the electromagnetic pin shaft 14 constitute a secondary safety mechanism, namely the electromagnetic pin safety mechanism. A groove is provided in the first safety hole 17, and the recoil safety cylinder 4 can be stuck when the flameproof rotor 6 rotates, preventing the recoil safety mechanism from releasing the safety. When the secondary safety mechanism is activated before the primary safety mechanism, that is, the electromagnetic pin safety mechanism acts before the recoil safety mechanism, the flameproof rotor 6 is interlocked with the recoil safety cylinder 4 under the action of the torque of the torsion spring 13, and the isolation cannot be released, so that the fuze is in a fault safety state, ensuring the uniqueness of the fuze release procedure and the safety of the system.

[0035] The electromechanical fuze's recoverable safety and release isolation device, described in this invention, reliably disarms the fuse in the event of a recoil overload. Its fail-safe design ensures the safety of the fuze even in the event of a misaligned release sequence. This device enables bidirectional conversion between the safe and ready states, boasting a compact structure and high safety. It meets the operational needs of drones in various scenarios, including disconnection, recovery, and secondary strikes, addressing the difficulty of bidirectional conversion for fuze safety and release isolation devices.

[0036] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A recoverable safety and release isolation device for an electromechanical fuze, characterized by: It includes a base (1), a housing (2), a stopper (3), a recoil safety cylinder (4), an anti-recovery pin (5), a flameproof rotor (6), an electromagnetic pin (7), a torsion spring (13), a locking pin (8), a motor (9), and a shaft end gear (10); The base (1) serves as a carrier, the housing (2), the stopper (3), the electromagnetic pin (7), and the motor (9) are all fixed on the base (1), the anti-restoration pin (5) is installed and fixed on the housing (2), the stopper (3), the flameproof rotor (6), the recoil safety cylinder (4), the anti-restoration pin (5), the electromagnetic pin (7), the torsion spring (13), the locking pin (8), the motor (9), and the shaft end gear (10) are all located in the housing (2) cavity; the flameproof rotor (6) is a horizontal rotor, located above the base (1), and the flameproof rotor (6) is provided with an explosion hole (11), a first safety hole (17), a second safety hole (18), and a locking hole (12); the upper end of the torsion spring (13) is fixedly connected to the flameproof rotor (6), and the torsion spring (13) is initially in The pre-twisted state is used to drive the rotation of the flameproof rotor (6); the block (3) is fixed on the base (1), the top of the block (3) is inserted into the recoil safety cylinder (4), and the two ends of the spring (16) are respectively connected to the recoil safety cylinder (4) and the block (3). Under the resistance of the spring (16), the top of the recoil safety cylinder (4) is located in the first safety hole (17) of the flameproof rotor (6), serving as a first-level safety for limiting the movement of the flameproof rotor (6); one end of the electromagnetic pin (7) is installed on the base (1), and the other end is placed in the second safety hole (18) of the flameproof rotor (6), serving as a second-level safety for limiting the movement of the flameproof rotor (6). At this time, the explosion hole (11) on the flameproof rotor (6) is misaligned with the detonating tube; When receiving the command to cancel the attack or disconnect the network, the locking pin (8) is energized, the locking pin shaft (15) is retracted, and the flameproof rotor (6) is unlocked; at this time, the motor (9) is energized, and under the action of the torque of the shaft end gear (10), the flameproof rotor (6) is restored to the initial safe position by overcoming the torsion spring resistance, and the electromagnetic pin (7) is de-energized to re-lock the flameproof rotor (6) and restore it to the second level safety state; when the fuze receives the recovery command, the anti-recovery pin (5) is energized, the pin shaft is retracted to release the restriction on the recoil safety cylinder (4), and is re-placed in the first safety hole (17) of the flameproof rotor (6) under the action of the recoil safety spring resistance, and is restored to the first level safety state. From then on, both insurances have been restored, ensuring the safety of ammunition recovery.

2. The electromechanical fuse recoverable safety and release isolation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the safety and isolation release device is in the isolation state, the locking pin shaft (15) is retracted into the locking pin (8); when in the isolation release state, the locking pin shaft (15) is inserted into the locking hole (12) of the flameproof rotor (6) to lock the flameproof rotor (6); the center of the flameproof rotor (6) is processed into an internal gear, which is meshed and connected with the shaft end gear (10) of the motor (9); the torsion spring (13) is in a pre-twisted state; when the recoil safety cylinder (4) and the electromagnetic pin (7) release the restriction on the flameproof rotor (6), the flameproof rotor (6) rotates under the torque of the torsion spring (13), so that the explosion hole (11) is aligned with the detonating tube, and the explosion transmission channel is opened. At this time, the locking pin (8) locks the flameproof rotor (6), and the fuze is in a ready state.

3. The electromechanical fuze recoverable safety and release isolation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the fuze is not fired, the recoverable electromechanical fuze safety and release isolation device is in an isolated state, the recoil fuse cylinder (4) and the electromagnetic pin (7) restrict the flameproof rotor (6) to an initial position, the torsion spring (13) is in a pre-twisted state, and the fuze is in an initial safe state.

4. The electromechanical fuse recoverable safety and release isolation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the fuze is fired, the recoil safety cylinder (4) overcomes the resistance of the spring (16) and moves downward under the action of the recoil overload. When the overload reaches a certain threshold, it comes out of the first safety hole (17) and is fixed in the release position by the anti-recovery pin (5), thereby releasing the first level of safety on the flameproof rotor (6); when the fuze recognizes the second level release signal, the electromagnetic pin (7) is powered on and the electromagnetic pin shaft (14) comes out of the second safety hole (18) of the flameproof rotor (6), releasing the second level of safety. From then on, the restrictions of the flameproof rotor (6) are completely released, and it rotates to the release isolation position under the action of the torque of the torsion spring (13), and the detonation sequence is aligned. At this time, the locking pin shaft (15) extends to reliably lock the rotor, and the fuze is switched to the ready state.

5. The electromechanical fuze recoverable safety and release isolation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recoil safety cylinder (4), the stopper (3) and the spring (16) together serve as a first-level safety mechanism, namely, the recoil safety mechanism; the electromagnetic pin (7) and the electromagnetic pin shaft (14) constitute a second-level safety mechanism, namely, the electromagnetic pin safety mechanism; a groove is provided in the first safety hole (17), and the recoil safety cylinder (4) can be stuck when the flameproof rotor (6) rotates, thereby preventing the recoil safety mechanism from releasing the safety; when the second-level safety mechanism is actuated before the first-level safety mechanism, namely, the electromagnetic pin safety mechanism is actuated before the recoil safety mechanism, the flameproof rotor (6) is interlocked with the recoil safety cylinder (4) under the action of the torque of the torsion spring (13), and the isolation cannot be released, so that the fuze is in a failsafe state, thereby ensuring the uniqueness of the fuze release procedure and the safety of the system.

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