A method for transverse mining in a semi-continuous process working face of an open pit mine

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of open-pit mine semi-continuous process working face horizontal mining methods, comprising S1: along main working line arrangement main belt conveyor, outward extension setting horizontal moving belt conveyor, using fan-shaped recovery mode mining;Main belt conveyor extends to the other side end slope, continue to connect lifting belt conveyor;S2: coal bench follows stripping bench and advances, forms advance soil bench;S3: in goaf is close to end slope and the position of the included angle of advance soil bench Start construction horizontal mining internal dump;S4: until horizontal mining working line is always advanced to the position of lifting belt conveyor, remove the front section belt conveyor equipment;S5: after mining a section, shorten the length of main belt conveyor.The application mining method is beneficial to improve coal mine productivity flexibility;It does not cause influence to arrangement angle, is beneficial to semi-continuous process system to adapt to resource occurrence condition, equipment structure is simple, buffering capacity is strong, and the range of transloading is large.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an open-pit mining method, in particular to an open-pit mining method using a semi-continuous process working face, and belongs to the field of open-pit mining. Background Art

[0002] Currently, semi-continuous mining with self-propelled crushers in open-pit mines is a key development direction for open-pit mining technology, as it can mitigate weather impacts, reduce production costs, and avoid fuel carbon emissions. However, a number of limitations currently hinder its widespread application in my country's open-pit coal mines. First, the belt conveyor runs the entire length of the working face, placing high demands on the working face's inclination, flatness, and material properties. Second, the working face belt conveyor requires frequent relocation, significantly impacting the system's effective operating time and production capacity, while also placing high demands on equipment reliability. Third, the limited end-wall space requires frequent extension and shortening of the transfer belt conveyor, further increasing downtime. Fourth, the self-propelled crusher integrates the functions of receiving, crushing, and transferring materials, resulting in a complex equipment structure, high manufacturing difficulty, and high investment and failure rate. Therefore, it is urgent to research a layout for semi-continuous mining in open-pit mines to improve the system's resource adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a semi-continuous process horizontal mining method for open-pit mines to solve the problems of excessive carbon emissions from fuel, excessively high working conditions of conveyors, and low transportation efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A semi-continuous process working face horizontal mining method for an open pit mine comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1: A main belt conveyor is arranged along the main working line at the bottom of the open-pit mine. A crusher is arranged at the feeding end of the main belt conveyor. A wide, low-speed transverse belt conveyor is extended outward from the crusher as a transportation and transfer equipment. Mining is carried out at the front end of the coal mining area. The unloading end of the transverse belt conveyor is connected to the crusher above the main belt conveyor. The transverse belt conveyor unloads the material to the crusher drop port. Multiple excavators are arranged on one side of the feeding end of the transverse belt conveyor. The excavators are located at the initial mining working face and use a fan-shaped mining method to mine the coal within the range of the initial mining working face. The excavated material is loaded into a receiving buffer car and transported to the transverse belt conveyor;

[0007] One side of the main belt conveyor's discharge end extends along the main working line to the other side of the end, and a lifting belt conveyor is connected to the main belt conveyor's discharge end to deliver the conveyed materials to the outside of the open-pit mining area;

[0008] S2: The excavator continues to advance along the main working line to mine coal. A goaf is formed at the initial working face and gradually expands. The main coal seam and the upper stripping steps adopt a combined step method. The coal steps advance along with the stripping steps. The stripping material is transported to the inner dumping yard through the end wall. Among them, the stripping material within 50-1000m of the initial mining working face is discharged to the inner dumping yard nearby, making the dumping working line appear to be a broken line, forming an advanced dumping step;

[0009] S3: As the goaf area in step S2 gradually expands, a horizontal mining inner dump is constructed in the goaf near the angle between the end wall and the advanced dump step. The horizontal mining working line advances along with the advancement of the initial mining working face.

[0010] S4: After the horizontal mining line has been advanced to the position of the lifting belt conveyor, the front section of the belt conveyor equipment is dismantled and the remaining coal is transported out of the mining area using a single bucket truck;

[0011] S5: According to step S1, a new open-pit mining working line is deployed, and a new initial mining working face is formed by mining at the same time. The operation is cyclically carried out in steps 1-4. After mining a section, the length of the main belt conveyor is shortened to reduce idle power consumption, and the cut main belt conveyor is moved horizontally to the new mining working line.

[0012] Furthermore, the length of the main belt conveyor is the length of the main working line minus the length of the transverse belt conveyor.

[0013] Furthermore, the receiving buffer car is a mobile silo with a heavy-duty plate feeder and is also equipped with a flow-limiting crushing roller.

[0014] Furthermore, the minimum pit bottom width is set between the bottom line of the advance soil discharge step slope and the bottom line of the coal step slope.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the preparation method of the present invention are:

[0016] The working gang adopts combined step horizontal mining, and the open-pit mine has a large adjustment space for coal reserve, production capacity and stripping ratio, which is conducive to improving the flexibility of coal mine production capacity; raw coal mining realizes truck-free transportation, which promotes cost reduction and efficiency improvement of open-pit mines while avoiding carbon emissions and air pollution caused by fuel; there is no equipment running on the belt conveyors of the working face, so it does not affect the layout angle, which is conducive to the semi-continuous process system to adapt to resource endowment conditions; the main belt conveyor of the working face has a large step distance and low frequency, so it has little impact on the system operation time, and uses the method of gradual shortening and shifting by segmented mining to release internal row space, further reducing the impact on production; the crushing and transfer of materials are realized by using a receiving transfer vehicle, a wide-band transverse belt conveyor, and a mobile crusher system to replace the self-moving crusher and the working face transfer machine. The equipment has a simple structure, strong buffering capacity, and a large transfer range, which can improve the reliability and adaptability of the system. The transverse belt conveyor's wide belt width, low belt speed, and short distances fully accommodate the bulk of the material being mined and loaded. This reduces power requirements and energy consumption while still meeting capacity requirements, facilitating material alignment and minimizing the impact of equipment matching on system uptime. Sector-shaped mining and recovery working faces eliminate the need for open cutting, while also reducing the pit floor width requirement for the transverse belt conveyor's rotation, maximizing internal space utilization. The construction and removal of the intermediate bridge are independent of mining operations, simplifying organization and management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the open pit mine working face;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the goaf and the advanced dumping step;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dumping ground inside the horizontal mining;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the new mining working line;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the coal mining area system layout;

[0022] In the figure, 1-main working line; 2-main belt conveyor; 3-crusher; 4-transverse belt conveyor; 5-excavator; 6-initial mining working face; 7-receiving buffer car; 8-lifting belt conveyor; 9-goaf; 10-stripping step, 11-advance soil discharge step; 12-transverse mining inner soil discharge yard; 13-new mining working line, 14-end wall, 15-truncated belt conveyor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] A semi-continuous process working face horizontal mining method for an open pit mine comprises the following steps:

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, S1: a main belt conveyor 2 is arranged along the main working line 1 at the bottom of the open-pit mine, a crusher 3 is arranged at the feeding end of the main belt conveyor 2, and a wide-band, low-speed transverse belt conveyor 4 is extended outward from the crusher 3 as a transportation and transfer equipment. Mining is carried out at the front end of the coal mining area, and the unloading end of the transverse belt conveyor 4 is connected to the crusher 3 above the main belt conveyor 2. The transverse belt conveyor 4 unloads the material to the drop port of the crusher 3. A plurality of excavators 5 are arranged on one side of the feeding end of the transverse belt conveyor 4. The excavator 5 is located at the initial mining face 6, and the coal within the range of the initial mining face 6 is mined in a fan-shaped mining manner, and the excavated material is loaded into the receiving buffer vehicle 7 and transported to the transverse belt conveyor 4. To maximize the conveying efficiency of the main belt conveyor 2 and ensure that the combined length of the main belt conveyor 2 and the transverse belt conveyor 4 covers the entire main working line 1, maximizing the utilization of the limited space in the coal mining area, the length of the main belt conveyor 2 is calculated as the length of the main working line 1 minus the length of the transverse belt conveyor 4. Furthermore, to better balance material flow and crush oversized lumps, the receiving buffer car 7 is a mobile silo equipped with a heavy-duty apron feeder and is equipped with flow-limiting crushing rollers.

[0026] One side of the main belt conveyor 2 discharge end extends along the main working line 1 to the other side end 14, and a lifting belt conveyor 8 is connected to the discharge end of the main belt conveyor 2 to deliver the conveyed materials to the outside of the open-pit mining area. Figure 5 As shown;

[0027] S2: The excavator 5 continues to advance along the main working line 1 to mine coal. A goaf 9 is formed at the initial working face and gradually expands. The main mining coal seam and the upper stripping step 10 adopt a combined step method. The coal step advances along the stripping step 10 to reduce the impact of mining in the wide mining belt of the coal seam on the working slope angle, keep the coal seam exposure and mining synchronized, and ensure the amount of coal mined in the open-pit mine. The stripping material is transported to the inner dump through the end wall 14. Among them, the stripping material within the range of 650-1000m of the initial mining working face is discharged to the inner dump nearby, making the dumping working line appear in a broken line shape, forming an advanced dumping step 11;

[0028] S3: As the goaf 9 in step S2 gradually expands, a horizontal mining internal dumping area 12 is constructed within the goaf 9 near the angle between the end wall 14 and the advanced dumping step 11. The horizontal mining working line follows the advancement of the initial mining face 6. As a preferred solution, the minimum pit bottom width is set between the bottom line of the advanced dumping step 11 and the bottom line of the coal step to provide safe space for production and equipment operation. Typically, the horizontal mining internal dumping area 12 maintains a minimum safety distance of 2-3 times the minimum safety distance from the horizontal mining working line, generally 70-100m, to facilitate equipment operation and leave space for transportation.

[0029] S4: After the horizontal mining line has been advanced to the position of the lifting belt conveyor 8, the front section of the belt conveyor equipment is dismantled and the remaining coal is transported out of the mining area using a single bucket truck;

[0030] S5: According to step S1, a new open-pit mining working line is deployed, and a new initial mining working face 6 is formed at the same time. The operation is cyclically carried out in steps 1-4. After mining a section, the length of the main belt conveyor 2 is shortened to reduce idle power consumption. The cut main belt conveyor 2 is moved horizontally to the new mining working line 13, as shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4.

[0031] By adopting the method of the present invention, on the initial mining face 6, after excavation by the excavator 5, the material is transported from the receiving buffer car 7 to the transverse belt conveyor 4 to the crusher 3, and then transported by the main conveyor along the main working line 1 to the end wall 14, and finally transported out of the working area by the lifting belt conveyor 8. In addition, on the initial mining face 6, the excavator 5 follows the transverse belt conveyor 4 to adopt a fan-shaped mining process for mining, and discharges the material to the inner spoil dump. As the main working line 1 is shortened, the main belt conveyor 2 is also cut off and moved to a new working area for standby use. The whole set of equipment has a simple design, improved work efficiency, reasonable space utilization, effectively reduces the impact of the mining area terrain on the equipment, reduces the downtime caused by equipment adjustment, and effectively improves coal mining efficiency.

Claims

1. A semi-continuous process working face horizontal mining method for an open-pit mine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: A main belt conveyor (2) is arranged along the main working line (1) at the bottom of the open-pit mine, a crusher (3) is arranged at the feeding end of the main belt conveyor (2), and a wide-band, low-speed transverse belt conveyor (4) is extended outward from the crusher (3) as a transport and transfer equipment. Mining is carried out at the front end of the coal mining area, and the discharging end of the transverse belt conveyor (4) is connected to the crusher (3) above the main belt conveyor (2). The transverse belt conveyor (4) unloads the material to the drop port of the crusher (3). A plurality of excavators (5) are arranged on one side of the feeding end of the transverse belt conveyor (4). The excavators (5) are located at the initial mining working face (6), and the coal within the range of the initial mining working face (6) is mined in a fan-shaped mining manner. The excavated material is loaded into a receiving buffer car (7) and transported to the transverse belt conveyor (4); One side of the discharge end of the main belt conveyor (2) extends along the main working line (1) to the other side end (14), and a lifting belt conveyor (8) is continuously connected to the discharge end of the main belt conveyor (2) to deliver the conveyed materials to the outside of the open-pit mining area; S2: The excavator (5) continues to advance along the main working line (1) to mine coal. The goaf (9) is formed at the initial working face and gradually expands. The main mining coal seam and the upper stripping step (10) adopt a combined step method. The coal step follows the stripping step (10) and is advanced. The stripping material is transported to the inner dumping yard through the end wall (14). Among them, the stripping material within the range of 650-1000m of the initial mining working face is discharged to the inner dumping yard nearby, so that the dumping working line is in a broken line shape, forming an advanced dumping step (11); S3: As the area of ​​the goaf (9) in step S2 gradually expands, a horizontal mining inner dump (12) is constructed in the goaf (9) near the angle between the end wall (14) and the advance dump step (11), and its horizontal mining working line is advanced along with the advancement of the initial mining working face (6); S4: After the horizontal mining line has been advanced to the position of the lifting belt conveyor (8), the front section of the belt conveyor equipment is dismantled and the remaining coal is transported out of the mining area using a single bucket truck; S5: According to step S1, a new open-pit mining line is deployed, and a new initial mining working face (6) is formed by mining at the same time. After a section is mined in a loop according to steps 1-4, the length of the main belt conveyor (2) is shortened to reduce idle power consumption, and the cut main belt conveyor (2) is moved horizontally to the new mining working line (13).

2. The semi-continuous process working face horizontal mining method for an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the main belt conveyor (2) is the length of the main working line (1) minus the length of the transverse belt conveyor (4).

3. A semi-continuous process horizontal mining method for an open-pit mine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The receiving buffer car (7) is a mobile silo with a heavy-duty plate feeder and is also equipped with a flow-limiting crushing roller.

4. A semi-continuous process horizontal mining method for an open-pit mine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The minimum pit bottom width is set between the bottom line of the slope of the advance soil discharge step (11) and the bottom line of the slope of the coal step.

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