A method of grafting an apple tree

Abstract

The application provides a grafting method of apple trees, comprising the following steps: grafting time: from March 20 to April 4; grafting method: grafting by using the wedge grafting method at a distance of 50-60 cm from the ground; toothpick angle opening is conducted on branches; disease and pest control; grafting film treatment; new shoot binding; in the second spring, a slope surface is formed on the grafting plane of the stock by using a hand saw, the direction of the slope surface is perpendicular to the direction of the scion, and a healing agent is timely applied to the sawing opening to prevent rotting. The grafting method can quickly form a tree body, concentrate the utilization of stored nutrients, save costs and increase benefits, the wood part of the grafting part of the variety and the stock is well healed, especially the treatment mode of forming a slope surface on the grafting part in the second spring, which greatly accelerates the healing speed of the wound surface; the branch group renewal of the dwarf orchard grafted by the mode is more convenient, the tree trunk above the grafting part is a new variety, the branch group can be renewed at any time, the high spindle tree shape is more conducive to long-time cultivation and maintenance, and the phenomenon of variety disorder does not occur.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, and particularly relates to a grafting method of apple trees. BACKGROUND

[0002] Apple is the fruit of Malus domestica Borkh, and is a kind of fruit with the highest cultivation area and yield in our country. Apple is rich in nutrition, and is one of the most popular fruits among consumers. With the renewal of new apple varieties and the pursuit of yield and benefit by planters, variety grafting has become one of the main agricultural techniques. The grafting is one of artificial vegetative propagation methods of plants, that is, a branch or bud of one plant is grafted onto the stem or root of another plant, so that the two parts connected together grow into a complete plant. Grafting is carried out by using the wound healing function of plants, and the cambium of the scion and the stock should be combined tightly to ensure the survival of the scion. The branch or bud grafted is called scion, and the plant body to be grafted is called stock or rootstock. The scion becomes the upper part or top of the plant body after grafting, and the stock becomes the root system part of the plant body after grafting. At present, there are many grafting methods for apple trees, such as multi-branch grafting, skin grafting and split grafting. The multi-branch grafting is time-consuming and laborious, and the variety is seriously mixed in the later period. The wood part of the grafting part of the skin grafting is not healed, and is easy to split in the grafting part to cause the tree to fall in the case of strong wind and rainy weather. The traditional split grafting method has a large wound surface, and cannot be healed for a long time, which is easy to rot. In summary, how to provide a grafting method for apple trees, which has good grafting effect, is simple and easy to operate, quickly enters the fruiting period, and the tree body grows healthily and is not easy to fall, is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a grafting method for apple trees.

[0004] The technical scheme of the present application is implemented as follows: a grafting method for apple trees, comprising the following steps:

[0005] (1) Grafting time: from March 20 to April 4, and the tree sap flow is easy to cause the scion to die if the grafting time is too late;

[0006] (2) Grafting method: first, the trunk of the fruit tree to be grafted is cut off at 50-60 cm from the ground with a handsaw, and the cut surface is required to be flat and smooth. A knife is used to vertically split the trunk at the middle part downward, and the split depth is about 10 cm. The scion is inserted into both ends of the split, one scion is inserted for a small tree age, and two scions are inserted for a large tree age. The cambium of the outer side of the scion is aligned with the cambium of the trunk. The scion is exposed by 0.5 cm, which is beneficial to healing. After grafting, the scion and the cut surface of the stock are wrapped with grafting film;

[0007] (3) New branch treatment: the toothpick angle of the branch is opened, the new branch grows to about 20-30 cm, and the new branch of a healthy scion is grown upward. The toothpick angle of the branch is opened in time, which is beneficial to control the branch length and promote the growth of the top new branch;

[0008] (4) Disease and pest control: spray pesticide every 7-10 days to prevent the damage of yellow aphid and leaf roller moth to the top branch;

[0009] (5) Grafting film treatment: in late June, the grafting film is vertically cut from top to bottom to prevent grafting site from rotting caused by high temperature and high humidity;

[0010] (6) New branch binding: with the increasing height of the new branch, binding and fixing are carried out in time to prevent the scion from splitting at the grafting site caused by strong wind;

[0011] (7) Grafting site treatment: in the second spring, a slope surface is formed on the grafting plane of the stock by using a hand saw, and the slope surface is perpendicular to the direction of the scion. The sawing opening is timely smeared with healing agent to prevent rotting;

[0012] Preferably, the toothpick opening angle of step (3) is 100-110 degrees for the dwarf stock cultivated according to the high spindle tree shape, and is 85-90 degrees for the stock cultivated according to the large crown tree shape;

[0013] Preferably, the slope surface angle of step (7) is 40-50°.

[0014] The grafting method of the present application can be quickly formed. Since 1-2 scions are used, the tree body stores and concentrates the utilization of nutrients. The tree height reaches more than 2 meters in the grafting year, and the effective branches reach more than 12. The method saves a large amount of labor and scion cost compared with multi-branch grafting. Compared with the traditional skin grafting, the wood part of the grafting site of the variety and the stock is well healed, and the wind resistance is obviously improved. Especially in the second spring, the treatment method of forming a slope surface on the grafting site. The nutrients stored in the tree body are transferred upward from the underground through the phloem sieve tube. Since the slope gradient is rapidly transferred to the scion, the number of cells in the cambium is increased inward and outward, the healing speed of the grafting wound is accelerated, and the grafting wound is completely healed within 2-3 years after grafting, which greatly accelerates the healing speed of the wound. The dwarf orchard branch group renewal is more convenient through this grafting method. The tree trunk above the grafting site is the new variety, which can be updated at any time. It is more conducive to the long-term cultivation and maintenance of the high spindle tree shape, and the phenomenon of variety disorder does not occur. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a grafting before the embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a grafting after the embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0017] Figure 3 Figure 1 is a diagram of the angle opening of the toothpick of the present application;

[0018] Figure 4 Figure 2 is a diagram of the grafting site treatment in the second spring of the present application;

[0019] Figure 5 Figure 3 is a diagram of the grafting site starting to heal in the second spring of the present application;

[0020] Figure 6 Figure 4 is a diagram of the growth and development after grafting in the second year of the present application;

[0021] Figure 7 Figure 5 is a diagram of the grafting site healing after grafting in the third year of the present application.

[0022] Parts description: 1, stock, 2, scion, 3, inclined surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments of the present application.

[0024] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0025] Referring to the drawings Figures 1-5 A grafting method of an apple tree: (1) Grafting time: from March 20 to April 4, grafting too late, sap flow is easy to cause the death of the scion;

[0026] (2) Grafting method: first, cut off the trunk of the fruit tree to be grafted at 50-60 cm from the ground with a handsaw, the cross section is required to be flat and smooth, a knife is used to vertically split down the middle of the cross section of the trunk, the split depth is about 10 cm, a scion is inserted into each end of the split, one scion is inserted for a small tree, two scions are inserted for a large tree, the outer side of the scion is aligned with the cambium of the trunk, the scion is exposed by 0.5 cm, which is beneficial to healing, and after grafting, the scion and the cross section of the stock are wrapped with grafting film;

[0027] (3) New shoots treatment: new shoots grow to 20-30 cm or so, keep a healthy scion of new shoots grow upward, timely toothpick open angle of branch, is conducive to control branch length and promote the growth of apical new shoots. Branch toothpick open angle, dwarfing according to high spindle tree form culture toothpick open angle is 100-110 degrees, the tree is cultivated according to the crown tree form and the toothpick open angle is 85-90 degrees;

[0028] (4) Disease and pest control: every 7-10 days, spray to prevent yellow aphid and leaf roller moth from damaging the top shoots, and leaf roller moth will cause the death of the top growing point, thereby forming branches to further affect the tree height;

[0029] (5) Grafting film treatment: in late June, vertically cut the grafting film from the scion top to bottom to prevent grafting site from rotting due to high temperature and high humidity;

[0030] (6) New shoots binding: with the growth of new shoots, timely binding and fixing are needed to prevent the scion from splitting at the grafting site during the wind; in the dwarf orchard, with the increasing height of the new shoots of the scion, timely bind the new shoots on the bamboo pole of the original support system; in the tree orchard, insert a bamboo pole with a length of about 1.5 meters into the ground for each grafted tree, bind the lower end to the trunk of the stock, and bind the new shoots to the bamboo pole at the upper part;

[0031] (7) Grafting site treatment: in the second spring, use a handsaw to make a slope on the grafting plane of the stock, the slope angle is 45°, and the direction is perpendicular to the scion, and timely smear the sawing opening with Guaguang "film tai" tree wound healing agent to prevent rotting. This treatment of the grafting site in the second spring promotes the number of cells in the cambium to transfer to the scion, accelerates the healing speed of the grafting wound, and forms a complete fruit tree within 2-3 years after grafting.

[0032] After grafting, pay attention not to touch the scion during field management, so as to avoid the cambium of the scion and the stock deviating, affecting the survival rate and growth potential.

[0033] The above is only the preferred specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this, any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacement or change according to the technical scheme and the inventive concept of the present application within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of grafting an apple tree, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: (1) grafting time: from March 20 to April 4; (2) grafting method: first, cut off the trunk of the fruit tree to be grafted at a position 50-60 cm away from the ground, and make the cross section flat and smooth; then, vertically split the middle part of the cross section with a knife to a depth of 10 cm, and insert the scion into the two ends of the split, one for a small tree and two for a large tree; make the outer side of the scion align with the cambium of the trunk, and make the scion 0.5 cm long; after grafting, wrap the scion and the cross section of the stock with grafting film; (3) new shoot treatment: when the new shoots grow to 20-30 cm, keep one strong new shoot of the scion to grow upward, and open the angle of the branches with toothpicks; for dwarf stocks, the opening angle of toothpicks is 100-110 degrees according to the high spindle tree shape, and for tall stocks, the opening angle of toothpicks is 85-90 degrees according to the large crown tree shape; (4) disease and pest control: spray pesticides every 7-10 days to control the damage of yellow aphids and leaf rollers to the terminal shoots; (5) grafting film treatment: vertically cut the grafting film from the top to the bottom of the scion in late June; (6) new shoot binding: as the height of the new shoots increases, timely bind and fix them; (7) grafting site treatment: in the second spring, use a hand saw to make a 40-50° inclined surface on the grafting plane of the stock, which is perpendicular to the direction of the scion, and timely smear the sawing surface with healing agent to prevent rotting.

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