A rapid in-situ stratification collection device and method for river and lake sediment pollution

Abstract

This invention provides an in-situ stratified rapid sampling device and method for river and lake sediment pollution, relating to the field of river and lake sediment pollution monitoring technology. The device includes: a main control system, a main sampling system, a mounting frame, a depth sounding module, a working vessel hull, and a crane. The depth sounding module is installed below the stern of the working vessel hull. The main control system and the crane are both mounted on the working vessel hull. The main sampling system is connected to the crane and fixed within the mounting frame. The depth sounding module is used to detect and determine water depth and the thickness of floating mud, flowing mud, and silt. The main control system is used to control the sampling process of the main sampling system and to read the water depth, sediment thickness, and determine whether the main sampling system has completely inserted into the sediment in real time. The main sampling system is used to insert into the sediment to perform stratified sampling of the sediment pore solution. This invention solves the problems of low sampling rate, inability to perform stratified sampling, deviation between stratified sediment samples and actual conditions, low efficiency, and large errors in detection results in existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of river and lake sediment pollution monitoring technology, and in particular to a rapid in-situ stratification collection device and method for river and lake sediment pollution. Background Technology

[0002] After the overall input of external pollution into rivers and lakes is effectively controlled, the sampling and analysis of sediment pollution (i.e., endogenous pollution) is an important foundation and prerequisite for the future protection and restoration of river and lake aquatic ecosystems. Currently, both domestically and internationally, river and lake sediment is mainly collected using grab bucket sediment samples or columnar sediment samples. Continuous extraction methods are used to analyze the content of various forms of pollutants in the sediment to reveal the characteristics of endogenous pollution and its release risk. However, in practical applications or scientific research, the following shortcomings exist: ① For floating and flowing sediment, grab bucket sediment samples cause significant disturbance and have low sampling rates, and cannot perform stratified sampling; ② For floating and flowing sediment, columnar samples collected by columnar sediment samples are easily deformed, and stratified sediment samples deviate from the actual situation; ③ The collected sediment samples require complex procedures such as air drying, sample preparation, extraction, and instrument testing, resulting in low sampling efficiency and large errors in the test results.

[0003] Existing studies have shown that sediment pore water is an important storage medium and release source of pollutants, and the concentration of pollutants in sediment pore solution is significantly positively correlated with the release flux of sediment pollutants. In other words, in-situ collection of sediment pore solution samples and analysis of the pollutant content in the sediment pore solution can quickly and accurately grasp the characteristics of sediment pollution and predict and evaluate the risk of sediment pollution release. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide an in-situ stratified rapid sampling device and method for river and lake bottom sediment pollution. This invention solves the problems of low sampling rate, inability to perform stratified sampling, deviation between stratified sediment samples and actual conditions, low efficiency, and large error in detection results in the existing technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] A rapid in-situ stratification sampling device for river and lake sediment pollution includes:

[0007] Main control system, main data acquisition system, mounting frame, depth sounding module, work hull and crane;

[0008] The depth measurement module is installed below the stern of the work vessel. The main control system and the crane are both installed on the work vessel. The crane is connected to the fixed frame. The main acquisition system is connected to the four upper corners of the fixed frame via traction ropes.

[0009] The depth sounding module is used to determine the water depth and the thickness of floating mud, flowing mud, and silt. The main control system is used to control the acquisition process of the main acquisition system and read the water depth, bottom mud thickness in real time, and determine whether the main acquisition system has been fully inserted into the bottom mud. The main acquisition system is used to insert into the bottom mud sediment to collect bottom mud pore solution.

[0010] Preferably, the main acquisition system includes:

[0011] Sediment pore solution acquisition module, mud-water interface positioning module, high-frequency vibration hammering module, exhaust-water guide pipe, support platform, membrane filter tube and overlying water isolation plate;

[0012] The sediment pore solution collection module is installed below the overlying water isolation plate, the mud-water interface positioning module is installed at the lower end of the support platform, the support platform is set above the overlying water isolation plate, the high-frequency vibration hammering module is installed at the upper end of the support platform and connected to the crane via an electrical cable, and connected to the fixed frame via four traction ropes, and the membrane filter tube is set inside the sediment pore solution collection module.

[0013] The sediment pore solution collection module is used to collect sediment pore solution in layers. The mud-water interface positioning module is used to collect the turbidity of the mud-water interface. The overlying water isolation plate is used to prevent overlying water from entering the sediment pore solution collection module. The high-frequency vibration hammering module is used to emit downward vibration hammering to insert the sediment pore solution collection module into the sediment. The membrane filter tube is used to collect sediment pore solution in layers. The support platform is used to support and fix the high-frequency vibration hammering module.

[0014] Preferably, the main control system includes:

[0015] Vacuum negative pressure module, pore solution extraction module, and data reading module;

[0016] Both the vacuum negative pressure module and the pore solution extraction module are connected to the bottom sediment pore solution acquisition module via an exhaust-water pipe in the electrical cable and a crane. The data reading module is connected to the depth measurement module and the mud-water interface positioning module via electrical cables.

[0017] The vacuum negative pressure module is used to evacuate the filter membrane tube, the pore solution extraction module is used to obtain the bottom sediment pore solution in the filter membrane tube, and the data reading module is used to read the water depth, bottom sediment thickness and determine whether the main acquisition system is fully inserted into the bottom sediment in real time.

[0018] Preferably, the number of membrane filter tubes is set to 6-8 groups, which are arranged vertically in different parts inside the corresponding sediment pore solution collection module, with a vertical spacing of 10cm between adjacent groups of membrane filter tubes.

[0019] Preferably, the water-covered barrier plate is covered with trapezoidal holes.

[0020] A rapid in-situ stratification method for collecting polluted river and lake sediments includes:

[0021] Determine the water depth and the thickness of floating mud, flowing mud, and silt;

[0022] Based on the water depth and the thickness of floating mud, flowing mud, and silt, the main acquisition system is precisely inserted into the bottom sediment through the main control system to achieve stratified acquisition of the bottom sediment pore solution.

[0023] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0024] This invention provides an in-situ rapid stratification and collection device for river and lake sediment pollution, comprising: a main control system, a main collection system, a fixed frame, a depth sounding module, a working vessel hull, and a crane; the depth sounding module is installed below the stern of the working vessel hull, the main control system and the crane are both installed on the working vessel hull, the main collection system is connected to the crane, and the main collection system is fixed within the fixed frame; the depth sounding module is used to determine the water depth and the thickness of floating mud, flowing mud, and silt, the main control system is used to control the collection process of the main collection system and read the water depth, sediment thickness in real time, and determine whether the main collection system has been fully inserted into the sediment, the main collection system being used to insert into the sediment to collect sediment pore solution. This invention enables rapid, in-situ, stratified collection of sediment pore solutions with minimal disturbance, regardless of whether it is floating mud, flowing mud, or silt. The equipment is highly adaptable, and the collected sediment pore solutions can be directly tested. By collecting sediment pore solution samples and testing the pollutant concentrations within them, the risk of sediment pollution release can be directly predicted and evaluated. This eliminates the cumbersome procedures of drying, sample preparation, and extraction required in traditional sediment pollutant speciation analysis, significantly reducing the collection and testing time from 10-15 days to 1-2 days, increasing the efficiency by over 90%. The equipment can also collect sediment pore solutions from rivers and lakes under special circumstances, ensuring the safety of researchers, and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an in-situ rapid stratification collection device for river and lake sediment pollution provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a front view of the main acquisition system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main acquisition system structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] like Figure 1-3 As shown, this invention provides a rapid in-situ stratification collection device for river and lake sediment pollution, comprising:

[0032] Main control system, main data acquisition system, mounting frame, depth sounding module, work hull and crane;

[0033] The depth measurement module is installed below the stern of the work vessel. The main control system and the crane are both installed on the work vessel. The crane is connected to the fixed frame. The main acquisition system is connected to the four upper corners of the fixed frame via traction ropes.

[0034] The depth sounding module is used to determine the water depth and the thickness of floating mud, flowing mud, and silt. The main control system is used to control the acquisition process of the main acquisition system and read the water depth, bottom mud thickness in real time, and determine whether the main acquisition system has been fully inserted into the bottom mud. The main acquisition system is used to insert into the bottom mud sediment to collect bottom mud pore solution.

[0035] Furthermore, the main acquisition system includes:

[0036] Sediment pore solution acquisition module, mud-water interface positioning module, high-frequency vibration hammering module, exhaust-water guide pipe, support platform, membrane filter tube and overlying water isolation plate;

[0037] The sediment pore solution collection module is installed below the overlying water isolation plate, the mud-water interface positioning module is installed at the lower end of the support platform, the support platform is set above the overlying water isolation plate, the high-frequency vibration hammering module is installed at the upper end of the support platform and connected to the crane via an electrical cable, and connected to the fixed frame via four traction ropes, and the membrane filter tube is set inside the sediment pore solution collection module.

[0038] The sediment pore solution collection module is used to collect sediment pore solution in layers. The mud-water interface positioning module is used to collect the turbidity of the mud-water interface. The overlying water isolation plate is used to prevent overlying water from entering the sediment pore solution collection module. The high-frequency vibration hammering module is used to emit downward vibration hammering to insert the sediment pore solution collection module into the sediment. The membrane filter tube is used to collect sediment pore solution in layers. The support platform is used to support and fix the high-frequency vibration hammering module.

[0039] Specifically, the depth sounding module and the mud-water interface positioning module are connected to the data reading module of the main control system via electrical cables, and can read water depth, floating mud, flowing mud, silt thickness and mud-water interface turbidity in real time.

[0040] Furthermore, the main control system includes:

[0041] Vacuum negative pressure module, pore solution extraction module, and data reading module;

[0042] Both the vacuum negative pressure module and the pore solution extraction module are connected to the bottom sediment pore solution acquisition module via an exhaust-water pipe in the electrical cable and a crane. The data reading module is connected to the depth measurement module and the mud-water interface positioning module via electrical cables.

[0043] The vacuum negative pressure module is used to evacuate the filter membrane tube, the pore solution extraction module is used to obtain the bottom sediment pore solution in the filter membrane tube, and the data reading module is used to read the water depth, bottom sediment thickness and determine whether the main acquisition system is fully inserted into the bottom sediment in real time.

[0044] Specifically, the vacuum negative pressure module provides negative pressure to the cavity inside the filter membrane tube of the sediment pore solution collection module, promoting the collection of sediment pore solution.

[0045] Pore ​​solution extraction module: Similar to a peristaltic pump, it extracts and temporarily stores the pore solution collected in the filter membrane tube. The extracted pore solution is used for testing and analysis.

[0046] Data reading module: Similar to a control panel, it can be used to read and store data such as water depth, mud depth, mud-water interface turbidity, and traction rope scaling length.

[0047] Specifically, this invention uses a depth sounding module to determine the water depth and the thickness of floating mud, flowing mud, and silt, thereby determining the length specifications of the bottom sediment pore solution collection module; using a mud-water interface positioning module, a crane, and a high-frequency vibration hammer module, the bottom sediment pore solution collection module is completely and accurately inserted into the bottom sediment; through the negative pressure extraction action of the vacuum negative pressure module and the pore solution extraction module in the main control system, the pore solution collection module in the main collection system achieves in-situ stratified collection of bottom sediment pore solution.

[0048] Silt can be classified into floating mud, flowing mud, silt, and silty soil according to its water content, porosity, and density. From top to bottom, it is generally composed of floating mud layer, flowing mud layer, silt layer, and silty soil layer. Among them, the bottom silty soil has small porosity, and pollutants are stable and not easily released. Therefore, it is only necessary to determine the thickness of the floating mud + flowing mud + silt layer with a higher risk of pollutant release above the bottom silty soil by using a depth measurement module. The length specification of the detachable membrane filter tube is matched according to the thickness of floating mud + flowing mud + silt. The approximate length of the traction rope is determined according to the water depth and the length of the detachable membrane filter tube. The equipment is then lowered into the water body and placed at the mud-water interface by a crane. The equipment is then inserted into the bottom mud by a high-frequency vibration hammering module.

[0049] More specifically, silt soil can be classified into floating mud, flowing mud, silt, and silty soil based on water content, porosity, and density. From top to bottom, these generally consist of a floating mud layer, a flowing mud layer, a silt layer, and a silty soil layer. The bottom layer of silty soil, due to its low porosity, has stable pollutants that are less likely to be released. Therefore, it is only necessary to determine the thickness of the floating mud + flowing mud + silt layer above the bottom silty soil, which poses a higher risk of pollutant release, using a depth sounding module. The length of the detachable membrane filter tube is then matched based on this thickness. Finally, the water depth is considered. The length of the detachable membrane filter tube determines the approximate length of the traction rope. The equipment is lowered into the water body and placed at the mud-water interface using a crane. The equipment is then inserted into the bottom sediment using a hammering module. The turbidity changes are monitored in real time by the mud-water interface positioning module to determine whether the equipment is accurately inserted into the sediment. Up to six sets of membrane filter tubes can be set simultaneously, and each set of filter tubes has a different depth. Therefore, the collected liquid in different sets of membrane filter tubes can be extracted using a vacuum negative pressure module and a pore solution extraction module, achieving stratified, in-situ, and rapid collection of bottom sediment pore solution.

[0050] Furthermore, the number of membrane filter tubes is set to 6 groups, which are arranged vertically in different parts inside the corresponding sediment pore solution collection module. The vertical spacing between two adjacent groups of membrane filter tubes is 10cm, specifically at 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm, 30-40cm, 40-50cm, and 50-60cm in different sediment pore solution collection modules.

[0051] Specifically, due to the different installation positions of the filter membrane tubes, the depth of the sediment pore solution collected in each group varies, and the sampling process between each group is independent and does not interfere with each other. Therefore, stratified, in-situ sampling can be achieved.

[0052] Furthermore, the water-covered barrier plate is covered with trapezoidal holes.

[0053] Specifically, the overlying water barrier is porous, with trapezoidal holes that are larger at the bottom and smaller at the top. Once the overlying water barrier is submerged in the sediment, the sediment passes through the trapezoidal holes to the sediment-water interface positioning module, causing a sharp increase in the turbidity measured by the module. This confirms that the equipment has been accurately inserted into the sediment. (Before insertion into the sediment, the turbidity of the water body is measured; the values ​​are low and relatively stable. After insertion, the values ​​are high and increase dramatically.)

[0054] The high-frequency vibration hammering module has a boss on top, and the side plate of the boss has 6-8 holes for passing through the exhaust and water guide pipes; there are 6-8 sets of hollow connectors below the support platform for fixing the upper water isolation plate and the bottom sediment pore solution collection module. The exhaust and water guide pipes are led out from the filter membrane tube, through the hollow connectors and the boss of the support platform, and then integrated into the electrical cable with the wires, and connected to the main control system via pulleys; the high-frequency vibration hammering module is connected to the four corners of the fixing frame by four traction ropes.

[0055] This embodiment also provides a rapid in-situ stratification method for collecting polluted river and lake sediments, including:

[0056] The depth and thickness of floating mud, flowing mud, and silt are determined by the depth measurement module.

[0057] Based on the water depth and the thickness of floating mud, flowing mud, and silt, the main acquisition system is precisely inserted into the bottom sediment using a traction module, high-frequency vibration hammering, and a mud-water interface positioning module.

[0058] Specifically, through the negative pressure extraction function of the vacuum negative pressure module and the pore solution extraction module in the main control system, the pore solution acquisition module in the main acquisition system realizes in-situ rapid stratification acquisition of the bottom sediment pore solution, and can directly test the concentration of pollutants in the bottom sediment pore solution.

[0059] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0060] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid in-situ stratification collection device for river and lake bottom sediment pollution, characterized in that, include: Main control system, main data acquisition system, mounting frame, depth sounding module, work hull and crane; The depth measurement module is installed below the stern of the work vessel. The main control system and the crane are both installed on the work vessel. The crane is connected to the fixed frame. The main acquisition system is connected to the four upper corners of the fixed frame via traction ropes. The depth measurement module is used to determine the water depth and the thickness of floating mud, flowing mud, and silt. The main control system is used to control the acquisition process of the main acquisition system and read the water depth, bottom mud thickness in real time, and determine whether the main acquisition system has been fully inserted into the bottom mud. The main acquisition system is used to insert into the bottom mud sediment to collect bottom mud pore solution. The main acquisition system includes: Sediment pore solution acquisition module, mud-water interface positioning module, high-frequency vibration hammering module, exhaust-water guide pipe, support platform, membrane filter tube and overlying water isolation plate; The sediment pore solution collection module is installed below the overlying water isolation plate, the mud-water interface positioning module is installed at the lower end of the support platform, the support platform is set above the overlying water isolation plate, the high-frequency vibration hammering module is installed at the upper end of the support platform and connected to the crane via an electrical cable, and connected to the fixed frame via four traction ropes, and the membrane filter tube is set inside the sediment pore solution collection module. The sediment pore solution collection module is used to collect sediment pore solution in layers. The mud-water interface positioning module is used to collect the turbidity of the mud-water interface. The overlying water isolation plate is used to prevent overlying water from entering the sediment pore solution collection module. The high-frequency vibration hammering module is used to emit downward vibration hammering to insert the sediment pore solution collection module into the sediment. The membrane filter tube is used to collect sediment pore solution in layers. The support platform is used to support and fix the high-frequency vibration hammering module. The main control system includes: Vacuum negative pressure module, pore solution extraction module, and data reading module; Both the vacuum negative pressure module and the pore solution extraction module are connected to the bottom sediment pore solution acquisition module via an exhaust-water pipe in the electrical cable and a crane. The data reading module is connected to the depth measurement module and the mud-water interface positioning module via electrical cables. The vacuum negative pressure module is used to evacuate the membrane filter tube, the pore solution extraction module is used to obtain the sediment pore solution in the membrane filter tube, and the data reading module is used to read the water depth, sediment thickness and determine whether the main acquisition system is fully inserted into the sediment in real time.

2. The in-situ rapid stratification and collection device for river and lake sediment pollution according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of membrane filter tubes is set to 6-8 groups, which are arranged vertically in different parts inside the corresponding sediment pore solution collection module, with a vertical spacing of 10cm between adjacent groups of membrane filter tubes.

3. The in-situ rapid stratification and collection device for river and lake sediment pollution according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-covered barrier plate is covered with trapezoidal holes.

4. A method for rapid in-situ stratification and collection of polluted river and lake sediments, applied to the equipment described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The method includes: Determine the water depth and the thickness of floating mud, flowing mud, and silt; Based on the water depth and the thickness of floating mud, flowing mud, and silt, the main acquisition system is precisely inserted into the bottom sediment through the main control system to achieve stratified acquisition of the bottom sediment pore solution.

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