A method for planting corn in soil compounded from red clay and sand

Abstract

The application discloses a method for planting corn in soil by using red clay and sand, and belongs to the technical field of corn planting, and comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation: red clay and sand are compounded, a dispersing agent is added during the compounding process, and the compounded soil is obtained, then the compounded soil is laid in a field, and organic fertilizer is applied to obtain a cultivated field; (2) sowing: corn seeds are germinated and moisturized to obtain the seeds after germination, and then sowing is carried out; (3) field management: the corn is supplemented with fertilizer, watered, weed is removed, and disease and pest control work is carried out, and the problem of shrinkage and cracking of the compounded soil is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of corn planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting corn in soil compounded by red clay and sand. BACKGROUND

[0002] The red clay refers to brown red, brown red or yellow brown high-plasticity clay formed by weathering of carbonate rocks under subtropical warm and humid climate conditions. The red clay and sand are mixed according to a certain proportion, which can effectively improve the soil and improve the air permeability and drainage of the soil. Therefore, the corn is planted in the soil compounded by the red clay and the sand, which can effectively popularize the corn planting, improve the yield of the corn and meet the increasing demand for the corn in China. However, the water in the soil compounded by the red clay and the sand is easy to evaporate, and the water retention is low. When the water evaporation reaches a certain degree, the combined water adhering to the soil particles begins to overflow, which further causes the soil shrinkage and cracking, and causes the soil to be hardened, thereby affecting the growth of the corn and reducing the yield of the corn. At present, frequent watering or using soil improver is mainly used to solve the problem, but this greatly increases the human capital in the planting process, and cannot well solve the problem.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to find a method for planting corn in soil compounded by red clay and sand, improve the water retention of the compounded soil and inhibit the shrinkage and cracking of the compounded soil. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for planting corn in soil compounded by red clay and sand, which solves the problem of easy shrinkage and cracking of the compounded soil.

[0005] The present application solves the above technical problems through the following technical means:

[0006] (1) Soil preparation: the red clay and the sand are compounded, and a dispersing agent is added in the compounding process to obtain compounded soil, and then the compounded soil is laid in the field, and mature organic fertilizer is applied, and the amount is 2000-3000 kg / acre to obtain a cultivated field;

[0007] (2) Sowing: the corn seeds with good gloss and fullness are selected for germination and body moisturizing to obtain seeds after germination and body moisturizing, which are sown in the cultivated field by mechanical sowing, and 2-3 cm of thin soil is laid on the surface of the seeds after sowing, and the planting density is 4500-5000 plants / acre;

[0008] (3) Field management: after the corn sprouts, the corn is timely fertilized and watered, and the work of removing weeds and preventing and treating diseases and pests is timely carried out to ensure the growth of the corn.

[0009] Further, the red clay and sandy soil in step (1) are mixed in a mass ratio of 1: (2-2.5).

[0010] Further, the thickness of the compound soil in the cultivated soil block in step (1) is 30-40 cm.

[0011] Further, the amount of the dispersing agent used in step (1) is 10-15 g per 1 kg of total soil mass.

[0012] Further, the raw materials of the dispersing agent are as follows: hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, sodium gluconate, corn oil, beta-sitosterol, tea saponin, gelatin, and Tween 80.

[0013] Further, the mass ratio of the raw materials of the dispersing agent is as follows: hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, sodium gluconate, corn oil, beta-sitosterol, tea saponin, and gelatin, which is (1.2-1.5):(1.5-1.6):(3-3.5):(0.4-0.5):(1-1.5):(5-6).

[0014] Further, the preparation method of the dispersing agent is as follows:

[0015] (A) Beta-sitosterol and corn oil are added to hot water at 70-80°C, Tween 80 is added, and stirring is performed at 300-350 rpm for 10-15 min to obtain an emulsion;

[0016] (B) Tea saponin is added to a 50 wt% ethanol solution and stirred uniformly to obtain a tea saponin solution, then hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, sodium gluconate, and the emulsion are added to the tea saponin solution, and gelatin is added after uniform mixing, and the temperature is heated to 90-100°C, and uniform stirring is continued to obtain a mixed glue solution;

[0017] (C) The mixed glue solution is uniformly cooled to -20°C, and the temperature is maintained for 30-40 min of continuous freezing, then it is crushed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain frozen gel particles, and then it is left to stand at room temperature for 3-4 h to obtain the dispersing agent.

[0018] Further, the mass ratio of Tween 80 to corn oil added in step (A) is 1:20.

[0019] Further, the cooling rate in step (C) is 5°C / 10 min.

[0020] The corn oil and beta-sitosterol are mixed to prepare an emulsion, which allows the corn oil and beta-sitosterol to be uniformly dispersed in the mixed glue solution, and during the uniform cooling of the mixed glue solution, the glue solution gradually forms a gel. During the cooling process, beta-sitosterol promotes the crystallization of long-chain fatty alcohols and other components in corn oil, and through crystal interaction, a dense three-dimensional network structure is formed， The effective components of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, sodium gluconate and tea saponin in the trapped gel are wrapped in the gel to inhibit the loss of the effective components. Meanwhile, when the gel solution is uniformly cooled and subjected to low-temperature freezing treatment, the solvent in the gel solution begins to form ice crystals to adjust the gel structure, and the crystals formed during the cooling process can promote the growth of ice crystals as nucleation points to form larger ice crystals. The gel after freezing treatment is crushed to obtain frozen gel particles, and then the frozen gel particles are subjected to room temperature standing treatment, and the ice crystals begin to melt to form a porous gel state of the dispersing agent.

[0021] After the dispersing agent is mixed into the soil, the soil particles can be bonded together to form more stable aggregates, which can better retain water and reduce water loss. In addition, the porous gel state of the dispersing agent can absorb excess water in the soil during early watering and store it; at the same time, the effective components such as hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, sodium gluconate and tea saponin adsorbed on the gel particles are dissolved in the absorbed water, and when the water content in the soil is low, the dispersing agent releases water containing soil dispersing components through the porous structure. Uniform cooling helps to promote the formation of larger ice crystals in the gel, and then form larger pores, which helps the subsequent dissolution of the effective components in the dispersing agent. Hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid in the dispersing agent can complex with metal ions in the soil to enhance the stability of soil aggregates, increase soil porosity, reduce water and soil loss, and prevent excessive water evaporation during drought to cause soil water splitting. After sodium gluconate is dissolved in water, it has a certain viscosity, which connects soil molecules together to form stable soil aggregates, further inhibiting soil cracking, and sodium gluconate can inhibit the crosslinking of molecules in the gel, thereby delaying the gelation time of the gel during the preparation of the porous gel. The effective components in the gel can fully diffuse during this period, and the interaction between the molecules can also be fully stabilized to form a uniform network structure. And the gel solution can form more uniform ice crystals during low-temperature cooling, so that the gel forms a uniform and continuous pore structure 。 After tea saponin enters the soil, it can quickly wet the soil molecules and reduce the bonding force between the soil molecules, effectively inhibiting further soil shrinkage and thus inhibiting soil cracking. At the same time, after tea saponin is added to the gel, the gel forms a uniform three-dimensional network structure when it is cooled to form a gel, and the ice crystals formed during the cooling process are uniformly distributed in the gel to form a uniform and continuous ice crystal network structure, further forming a uniform pore structure, thereby improving the adsorption capacity of the dispersing agent and the dissolution rate of the effective components in the dispersing agent during the subsequent process.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] The application improves red clay and sand compounding, enhances the water retention of soil through the dispersing agent, and inhibits the hardening and hardening caused by soil water loss. The improved compounding soil can meet the planting conditions of corn, effectively promote the growth of corn, and improve the yield of corn to meet the market demand for corn. At the same time, the dispersing agent of the application can improve the soil, effectively prevent soil erosion, has good effect and long maintenance time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The application will be described in detail below in combination with specific examples:

[0025] Example 1:

[0026] In this embodiment, the dispersing agent is prepared, and the preparation method is as follows:

[0027] (A) 0.4g of β-sitosterol and 3g of corn oil are added to 50mL of hot water at 70℃, 0.15g of Tween 80 is added, and stirring is carried out at 300rpm for 10min to obtain an emulsion;

[0028] (B) 1g of tea saponin is added to 100mL of 50wt% ethanol solution and stirred uniformly to obtain a tea saponin solution, then 1.2g of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 1.5g of sodium gluconate, and the emulsion are added to the tea saponin solution, and 5g of gelatin is added after mixing uniformly, and the temperature is heated to 90℃, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed glue solution;

[0029] (C) The mixed glue solution is cooled at a uniform speed of 5℃ / 10min to-20℃, and the temperature is maintained for 30min, then the frozen gel particles are obtained after being crushed through a 100 mesh sieve, and then the particles are placed at room temperature for 3h to obtain the dispersing agent.

[0030] Method for planting corn in soil matrix compounded by red clay and sand:

[0031] (1) Soil preparation: red clay and sand are compounded according to a mass ratio of 1:2, and the dispersing agent is added during the compounding process, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a compounded soil, wherein 10g of the dispersing agent is added per 1kg of the total mass of the soil. Then the compounded soil is laid into the field, and the thickness of the compounded soil in the field is 30cm, and 2000kg / acre of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to obtain a cultivated field;

[0032] (2) Sowing: select corn seeds with good gloss and fullness, 3 days before sowing, immerse the corn seeds in warm water at 35°C for 24 hours, then take them out and place them in a basket lined with straw, sprinkle 25°C warm water on them twice a day, take them out when the seeds start to germinate, get the seeds treated by germination and body moisturizing, sow the seeds treated by germination and body moisturizing in the cultivated field by mechanical sowing, after sowing, spread about 2 cm of thin soil on the surface of the seeds, and the planting density is 4500 plants per mu;

[0033] (3) Field management: after the corn sprouts, timely fertilize and water the corn, timely remove weeds and control pests and diseases to ensure the growth of the corn.

[0034] Example 2:

[0035] In this embodiment, the dispersing agent is prepared first, and the preparation method is as follows:

[0036] (A) 0.45 g of β-sitosterol and 3.25 g of corn oil were added to 54 mL of hot water at 75°C, 0.16 g of Tween 80 was added, and stirring was carried out at 330 rpm for 13 min to obtain an emulsion;

[0037] (B) 1.25 g of tea saponin was added to 110 mL of 50 wt% ethanol solution and stirred uniformly to obtain a tea saponin solution, then 1.35 g of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 1.55 g of sodium gluconate, and the emulsion were added to the tea saponin solution, and after mixing uniformly, 5.5 g of gelatin was added, and the temperature was heated to 95°C, and the mixture was stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed glue solution;

[0038] (C) The mixed glue solution was cooled at a uniform speed of 5°C / 10 min to -20°C, and the temperature was maintained for 35 min, then it was crushed through a 100 mesh sieve to obtain frozen gel particles, which were then placed at room temperature for 3.5 h to obtain the dispersing agent.

[0039] Method for planting corn in soil matrix composed of red clay and sand:

[0040] (1) Soil preparation: red clay and sand are compounded according to a mass ratio of 1:2.3, and the dispersing agent is added during the compounding process, and the compound soil is obtained by uniformly mixing 12.5 g of dispersing agent per 1 kg of total soil mass. Then the compound soil is laid into the field, the thickness of the compound soil in the field is 35 cm, and 2500 kg / acre of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to obtain a cultivated field;

[0041] (2) Sowing: select corn seeds with good gloss and fullness, 3 days before sowing, immerse the corn seeds in warm water at 38℃ for 24 hours, then take them out and put them in a basket lined with straw, sprinkle 28℃ warm water twice a day, take them out when the seeds start to germinate, get the seeds treated by germination and body moisturizing, sow the seeds treated by germination and body moisturizing in the cultivated field by mechanical sowing, after sowing, spread about 2cm thin soil on the surface of the seeds, and the planting density is 4800 plants per mu;

[0042] (3) Field management: after the corn sprouts, timely fertilize and water the corn, timely remove weeds and control diseases and pests to ensure the growth of the corn.

[0043] Example 3:

[0044] This example first prepares a dispersing agent, the preparation method is as follows:

[0045] (A) 0.5g of β-sitosterol and 3.5g of corn oil are added to 58mL of hot water at 70℃, 0.17g of Tween 80 is added, and stirring is carried out at 350rpm for 15min to obtain an emulsion;

[0046] (B) 1.5g of tea saponin is added to 120mL of 50wt% ethanol solution and stirred uniformly to obtain a tea saponin solution, then 1.5g of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 1.6g of sodium gluconate, and the emulsion are added to the tea saponin solution, and after mixing uniformly, 6g of gelatin is added, the temperature is heated to 100℃, and stirring is continued to obtain a mixed glue solution;

[0047] (C) The mixed glue solution is cooled at a uniform speed of 5℃ / 10min to -20℃, the temperature is maintained and continues to freeze for 40min, after being crushed through a 100 mesh sieve, frozen gel particles are obtained, then they are placed at room temperature for 4h to obtain a dispersing agent.

[0048] Method for planting corn in soil matrix compounded by red clay and sand:

[0049] (1) Soil preparation: red clay and sand are compounded according to a mass ratio of 1:2.5, and the dispersing agent is added during the compounding process, and the compound soil is obtained after mixing uniformly, wherein 15g of dispersing agent is added per 1kg of total mass of soil. Then the compound soil is laid into the field, the thickness of the compound soil in the field is 40cm, and 3000kg / acre of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to obtain a cultivated field;

[0050] (2) Sowing: Select corn seeds with good gloss and fullness, and immerse the corn seeds in warm water at 40°C for 24 hours before sowing. Then take out the seeds and place them in a basket lined with straw. Spray warm water at 30°C three times a day. When the seeds start to germinate, take them out and get the seeds treated with germination and body moisturizing. Sow the seeds treated with germination and body moisturizing in the cultivated field by mechanical sowing. After sowing, spread about 3 cm of thin soil on the surface of the seeds, and the planting density is 5000 plants per mu.

[0051] (3) Field management: After the corn sprouts, timely fertilize and water the corn, and timely remove weeds and control pests and diseases to ensure the growth of the corn.

[0052] Comparative Example 1

[0053] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, and the difference is that the raw materials for preparing the dispersant are different, specifically no hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid is added, and the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0054] (A) Add 0.4 g of β-sitosterol and 3 g of corn oil to 50 mL of hot water at 70°C, add 0.15 g of Tween 80, and stir at 300 rpm for 10 min to obtain an emulsion;

[0055] (B) Add 1 g of tea saponin to 100 mL of 50 wt% ethanol solution and stir until uniform to obtain a tea saponin solution. Then add 1.5 g of sodium gluconate and the emulsion to the tea saponin solution, mix well, and then add 5 g of gelatin. Heat to 90°C and continue to stir until uniform to obtain a mixed gel solution;

[0056] (C) Slowly cool the mixed gel solution to -20°C at a rate of 5°C / 10 min, maintain the temperature and continue to freeze for 30 min. Crush through a 100 mesh sieve to obtain frozen gel particles. Then let stand at room temperature for 3 h to obtain the dispersant.

[0057] The corn planting method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Example 2

[0059] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, and the difference is that the raw materials for preparing the dispersant are different, specifically no sodium gluconate is added, and the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0060] (A) Add 0.4 g of β-sitosterol and 3 g of corn oil to 50 mL of hot water at 70°C, add 0.15 g of Tween 80, and stir at 300 rpm for 10 min to obtain an emulsion;

[0061] (B) 1 g tea saponin was added into 100 mL 50 wt% ethanol solution, stirred uniformly to obtain tea saponin solution, then 1.2 g hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, emulsion was added into the tea saponin solution, 5 g gelatin was added after uniform mixing, heated to 90°C, and uniform stirring was continued, to obtain mixed glue solution;

[0062] (C) The mixed glue solution was cooled at a uniform speed of 5°C / 10 min to -20°C, the temperature was maintained and the freezing was continued for 30 min, the frozen gel particles were obtained after being crushed through a 100-mesh sieve, and then the particles were placed at room temperature for 3 h to obtain the dispersant.

[0063] The corn planting method was the same as that in Example 1.

[0064] Comparative Example 3:

[0065] This comparative example was compared with Example 1, and the difference was that the raw materials for preparing the dispersant were different, specifically, tea saponin was not added, and the specific preparation method was as follows:

[0066] (A) 0.4 g β-sitosterol and 3 g corn oil were added into 50 mL hot water at 70°C, 0.15 g Tween 80 was added, and stirring was performed at 300 rpm for 10 min to obtain an emulsion;

[0067] (B) 1.2 g hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid was uniformly mixed with 100 mL water to obtain a hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid solution, then 1.5 g sodium gluconate, emulsion was added into the hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid solution, 5 g gelatin was added after uniform mixing, the heating temperature was raised to 90°C, and uniform stirring was continued, to obtain a mixed glue solution;

[0068] (C) The mixed glue solution was cooled at a uniform speed of 5°C / 10 min to -20°C, the temperature was maintained and the freezing was continued for 30 min, the frozen gel particles were obtained after being crushed through a 100-mesh sieve, and then the particles were placed at room temperature for 3 h to obtain the dispersant.

[0069] The corn planting method was the same as that in Example 1.

[0070] Comparative Example 4:

[0071] This comparative example was compared with Example 1, and the difference was that the raw materials for preparing the dispersant were different, specifically, the emulsion was not added, that is, β-sitosterol, corn oil and Tween 80 were not added, and the specific preparation method was as follows:

[0072] (A) 1 g tea saponin was added into 100 mL 50 wt% ethanol solution, stirred uniformly to obtain tea saponin solution, then 1.2 g hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 1.5 g sodium gluconate was added into the tea saponin solution, 5 g gelatin was added after uniform mixing, the heating temperature was raised to 90°C, and uniform stirring was continued, to obtain a mixed glue solution;

[0073] (B) The mixed glue solution was cooled at a speed of 5°C / 10 min to -20°C, and the temperature was maintained for 30 min of continuous freezing. The frozen gel particles were obtained by crushing through a 100 mesh sieve, and then they were left at room temperature for 3 h to obtain the dispersant.

[0074] The corn planting method was the same as in Example 1.

[0075] Comparative Example 5:

[0076] This comparative example was compared with Example 1, and the difference was that the dispersant was prepared by rapidly cooling to -20°C during the preparation process. The specific preparation method was as follows:

[0077] (A) 0.4 g of β-sitosterol and 3 g of corn oil were added to 50 mL of hot water at 70°C, 0.15 g of Tween 80 was added, and stirring was carried out at 300 rpm for 10 min to obtain an emulsion;

[0078] (B) 1 g of tea saponin was added to 100 mL of 50 wt% ethanol solution and stirred uniformly to obtain a tea saponin solution. Then, 1.2 g of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 1.5 g of sodium gluconate, the emulsion were added to the tea saponin solution, and after being mixed uniformly, 5 g of gelatin was added. The temperature was heated to 90°C, and uniform stirring was continued to obtain a mixed glue solution;

[0079] (C) The mixed glue solution was rapidly cooled to -20°C, and the temperature was maintained for 30 min of continuous freezing. The frozen gel particles were obtained by crushing through a 100 mesh sieve, and then they were left at room temperature for 3 h to obtain the dispersant.

[0080] The corn planting method was the same as in Example 1.

[0081] Comparative Example 6:

[0082] This comparative example was compared with Example 1, and the difference was that the β-sitosterol and corn oil were not prepared into an emulsifier during the preparation process of the dispersant, but were directly added. The specific preparation method was as follows:

[0083] (A) 1 g of tea saponin was added to 100 mL of 50 wt% ethanol solution and stirred uniformly to obtain a tea saponin solution. Then, 1.2 g of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 1.5 g of sodium gluconate, 0.4 g of β-sitosterol, 3 g of corn oil, and 0.15 g of Tween 80 were added to the tea saponin solution, and after being mixed uniformly, 5 g of gelatin was added. The temperature was heated to 90°C, and uniform stirring was continued to obtain a mixed glue solution;

[0084] (B) The mixed glue solution was cooled at a speed of 5°C / 10 min to -20°C, and the temperature was maintained for 30 min of continuous freezing. The frozen gel particles were obtained by crushing through a 100 mesh sieve, and then they were left at room temperature for 3 h to obtain the dispersant.

[0085] The corn planting method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0086] Comparative Example 7:

[0087] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, the difference is that sodium carbonate is used to prepare a porous gel in the preparation process of the dispersing agent, and the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0088] (A) 0.4 g of β-sitosterol and 3 g of corn oil were added to 50 mL of hot water at 70°C, 0.15 g of Tween 80 was added, and stirring was carried out at 300 rpm for 10 min to obtain an emulsion;

[0089] (B) 1 g of tea saponin was added to 100 mL of 50 wt% ethanol solution and stirred uniformly to obtain a tea saponin solution, then 1.2 g of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 1.5 g of sodium gluconate, and the emulsion were added to the tea saponin solution, and after uniform mixing, 5 g of gelatin was added, and the temperature was heated to 90°C, and uniform stirring was continued, to obtain a mixed glue solution;

[0090] (C) 0.01 g of polyethylene oxide was added to the mixed glue solution, and after uniform stirring, 5 g of sodium carbonate was added, and rapid stirring was carried out until the foam was fully formed, then 0.001 g of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide was quickly added, and after uniform stirring, drying was carried out at 50°C for 3 h, and then the product was crushed through a 100 mesh sieve to obtain the dispersing agent.

[0091] The corn planting method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0092] Experiment 1:

[0093] To verify the water retention and shrinkage and cracking of the compound soil matrix, an experiment was set up. Nine glass boxes were set up, and red clay and sand were compounded according to a mass ratio of 1:2, and during the compounding process, the dispersing agents prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were added, 10 g of dispersing agent was added per 1 kg of total soil mass, and the blank control was 10 g of water per 1 kg of total soil mass, then they were respectively laid in the glass boxes and flattened. Immediately after laying, the same amount of water was poured to wet the soil, and 2 g of soil samples were taken out at 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, and 15 d for weighing, and after drying, the soil samples were weighed again to obtain the soil moisture content of each experimental group, and the diagonal line length of the soil matrix was detected at 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, and 15 d, and the soil shrinkage rate (δ) of the soil at 3 d, 7 d, and 15 d was calculated, the diagonal line length of the soil matrix at 1 d was Linitial, the soil moisture content results are shown in Table 1, and the soil shrinkage rate is shown in Table 2:

[0094] Table 1

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] Table 2

[0098] 3d(％) 7d(％) 15d(％) Example 1 2.53 6.13 7.67 Comparative Example 1 3.87 9.93 11.67 Comparative Example 2 4.00 10.13 11.80 Comparative Example 3 4.13 10.33 12.00 Comparative Example 4 4.13 11.60 14.67 Comparative Example 5 3.60 9.47 11.40 Comparative Example 6 3.53 9.33 11.20 Comparative Example 7 4.12 10.30 11.92 Blank Control 5.80 15.27 18.67

[0099] From the analysis of Table 1 and Table 2, it can be concluded that:

[0100] 1. Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 1 is the difference of the preparation of the dispersant raw material. After the compound soil is watered, part of the water is initially absorbed by the dispersant and stored, and after 3 days of watering, the water in the dispersant begins to evaporate, and the active ingredients begin to seep out. However, Comparative Example 1 does not add hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, and the stability of the soil aggregate of the compound soil obtained is poor. The water molecules in the soil are constantly evaporating, the water content in the soil is constantly decreasing, the soil begins to shrink, and the distance of the diagonal line of the soil matrix gradually decreases, resulting in poor soil shrinkage of Comparative Example 1.

[0101] 2. Comparative Example 2 does not add sodium gluconate, and the rate of gel formation during uniform cooling is fast. The ice crystals in the gel form too quickly, resulting in uneven ice crystal structure in the gel, forming uneven pores, reducing the adsorption capacity of the dispersant, and reducing the adsorption and adhesion of the dispersant to the soil particles, resulting in poor stability of the soil aggregate, causing water loss in the soil, and soil shrinkage and cracking. Comparative Example 3 does not add tea saponin, and the ice crystals generated during the formation of the gel during uniform cooling treatment are not evenly distributed in the gel, resulting in uneven pores of the dispersant, reducing the adsorption of the dispersant. And because tea saponin is not added, the intermolecular force of the soil is high, causing the soil to shrink continuously as the water evaporates, resulting in soil hardening and cracking. In this case, the evaporation rate of water is further accelerated, and the water content of the soil is continuously reduced. Comparative Example 5 directly cools to -20°C during the preparation of the dispersant, although the pores formed in Comparative Example 5 are relatively uniform, but due to the rapid formation of ice crystals and the small size of the ice crystals, the ability of the dispersant to adsorb water and the subsequent ability of the active ingredients to release are reduced. Thus, the dispersant prepared in Comparative Example 5 has poor water retention when added to the soil, and excessive evaporation of water causes soil shrinkage.

[0102] 3, In Comparative Example 4, no emulsifier was added, i.e., no corn oil and beta-sitosterol was added, and the stability of the dispersant formed was poorer than that of Example 1, and the loss rate of the active ingredient was higher, resulting in the loss of part of the active ingredient during preparation, which caused the effective rate of the dispersant to decrease. In Comparative Example 4, the ice crystal formation rate was lower than that of Example 1, the porosity of the dispersant prepared was lower than that of Example 1, the adsorption of the dispersant decreased, which resulted in less water being adsorbed and stored in the dispersant in the early stage, and less water and active ingredient being released in the later stage, which resulted in lower soil water content and poorer water retention. In Comparative Example 6, compared with Example 1, the corn oil was not prepared into an emulsifier during the preparation of the dispersant, but was directly added. Although the active ingredient was intercepted in Comparative Example 6, the water content of the soil was lower, and the soil shrinkage rate was higher. This is because the addition of the emulsion can make the corn oil and beta-sitosterol uniformly distributed in the glue solution, and can make the ice crystals uniformly distributed during the gel formation process, thereby improving the porosity of the dispersant and improving its adsorption of water and dissolution of active ingredient. Therefore, the dispersant prepared in Comparative Example 6 has poor pore uniformity, which results in a decrease in the adsorption capacity of the dispersant and a lower water retention capacity. Therefore, Comparative Examples 4 and 6 both show soil shrinkage, and the soil shrinkage rate is high.

[0103] 4, In Comparative Example 7, compared with Example 1, sodium carbonate was used to prepare the porous gel, which may form a closed pore structure during preparation, resulting in the non-connection of the gel pores, which reduces the adsorption capacity of the gel to some extent. At the same time, the residual sodium carbonate in the gel enters the soil, which is easy to exchange with other salts in the soil, resulting in the adhesion between soil particles and the hardening of the soil, and the shrinkage and hardening of the soil. Therefore, the water retention capacity of the dispersant prepared in Comparative Example 7 is lower than that of Example 1, and the degree of soil shrinkage is greater than that of Example 1.

[0104] 5, The blank control and Example 1 were compared, and water was directly added to the compounded soil. Because of the additional water and the fact that the water was not absorbed, the water content of the compounded soil in the blank control was high within 1d. However, the soil began to lose water subsequently, and the water content of the soil decreased continuously. The soil began to shrink, and the shrinkage became more and more serious with time, even reaching 18.67% at 15d. The soil shrinkage rate of Example 1 at 15d was only 7.67%, therefore, it was shown that Example 1 could effectively inhibit the shrinkage of the soil.

[0105] Experiment 2:

[0106] 9 pieces of experimental field blocks were set up, and dispersing agent was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-7, and the dispersing agent was added to the soil mixed with red clay and sand at a mass ratio of 1:2, 10 g of dispersing agent was added to every 1 kg of total soil mass, and the mixed soil was obtained by uniformly mixing, while the blank control was that water was added to the soil mixed with red clay and sand at a mass ratio of 1:2, 10 g of water was added to every 1 kg of total soil mass, and the mixed soil was obtained by uniformly mixing. The mixed soil was laid into the field blocks, and the thickness of the laid soil was 30 cm, and the cultivated field blocks were obtained. In early June, corn was sown in the cultivated field blocks by mechanical sowing, and Yudan 896 was selected as the experimental variety, and the planting density was 4500 plants per mu, and weed removal and pest control were carried out during the period, and normal watering and fertilization were carried out. The yield was harvested in late September, and the ear number, thousand-grain weight and yield of corn were counted, and the results are shown in Table 3:

[0107] Table 3

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] From the analysis of Table 3, the following conclusions can be drawn:

[0111] 1. Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 differ in that the raw materials of the dispersing agent are different, and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid is not added, and the yield of corn obtained by planting is lower, which is due to the poor stability of the soil aggregate of the mixed soil in Comparative Example 1, which is easy to be compacted and cracked during corn planting, thus affecting the growth of corn, and therefore, the ear number, thousand-grain weight and yield of corn are reduced.

[0112] 2. Comparative Example 2 does not add sodium gluconate, and Comparative Example 3 does not add tea saponin, and the ice crystals generated during uniform cooling of the glue solution are not uniform, thus causing the pores of the dispersing agent to be non-uniform, resulting in a decrease in the adsorption of the dispersing agent to the soil particles, and a decrease in the ability to absorb and release water, leading to more water loss in the soil in Comparative Examples 2 and 3, which is prone to shrinkage and cracking, affecting the normal growth of corn, and causing the yield of corn to decrease. In the preparation process of the dispersing agent of Comparative Example 5, the temperature is directly cooled to -20°C, and the dispersing agent prepared has low porosity and non-uniform pores, resulting in poor water retention of the soil, and the soil is compacted and cracked, thus the ear number, thousand-grain number and yield of corn planted are reduced.

[0113] 3. The porosity of the dispersant prepared in Comparative Example 4 was lower than that in Example 1, and its stability was worse. The loss rate of the effective components was greater, resulting in the loss of some components during the preparation process and a reduction in the effectiveness of the dispersant. Compared with Example 1, the corn oil in Comparative Example 6 was not prepared as an emulsifier during the preparation of the dispersant. The adsorption capacity of the resulting dispersant was not as good as that in Example 1, which led to a less effective suppression of soil shrinkage. Therefore, the corn yield planted in the soils treated in Comparative Examples 4 and 6 was lower.

[0114] 4. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 7 uses sodium carbonate to prepare porous gel. When the residual sodium carbonate in the gel enters the soil, it easily undergoes a transfer reaction with other salts in the soil, causing soil particles to stick together and form hard clumps. This affects the corn's absorption of water and nutrients from the soil, inhibits its growth, and leads to a reduction in its yield.

[0115] 5. Compared with Example 1, the blank control did not use a dispersing agent during the planting process. Instead, water was directly added to the compound soil mixture. The moisture in the soil evaporated more easily, causing the soil to harden and crack, which affected the growth of corn and reduced the yield.

[0116] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Technical aspects, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A method of planting corn in soil compounded from red clay and sand, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation: the red clay is mixed with sand, and a dispersing agent is added during the mixing process to obtain a mixed soil, and then the mixed soil is laid in the field and organic fertilizer is applied to obtain a cultivated field; (2) sowing: the corn seeds are germinated and moisturized to obtain germinated seeds, and then sowing is performed; (3) field management: the corn is fertilized, watered, weeded, and pest control is performed; The raw materials of the dispersing agent are as follows: hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, sodium gluconate, corn oil, beta-sitosterol, tea saponin, gelatin, and Tween 80; The preparation method of the dispersing agent is as follows: (A) beta-sitosterol and corn oil are added to hot water at 70-80°C, Tween 80 is added, and stirring is performed at 300-350 rpm for 10-15 min to obtain an emulsion; (B) tea saponin is added to a 50wt% ethanol solution and stirred uniformly to obtain a tea saponin solution, then hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, sodium gluconate, and the emulsion are added to the tea saponin solution, and gelatin is added after mixing uniformly, and the temperature is heated to 90-100°C, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed gel solution; (C) the mixed gel solution is uniformly cooled from room temperature to -20°C, and the temperature is maintained for 30-40 min of freezing, then the frozen gel particles are crushed through a 100 mesh sieve, and then the particles are placed at room temperature for 3-4 h to obtain the dispersing agent; The ratio of the raw materials of the dispersing agent is as follows: the mass ratio of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, sodium gluconate, corn oil, beta-sitosterol, tea saponin, and gelatin is (1.2-1.5):(1.5-1.6):(3-3.5):(0.4-0.5):(1-1.5):(5-6).

2. A method of planting corn in soil using a mixture of red clay and sand as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step (1), the red clay and sand are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(2-2.5).

3. A method of planting corn in soil using a mixture of red clay and sand as claimed in claim 2, wherein, In step (1), the thickness of the mixed soil in the cultivated field is 30-40 cm.

4. A method of planting corn in soil using a mixture of red clay and sand as claimed in claim 3, wherein, In step (1), the amount of dispersing agent used is 10-15 g per 1 kg of total soil mass.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the soil is a mixture of red clay and sand. In step (A), the mass ratio of Tween 80 to corn oil added is 1:

20.

6. A method for planting corn in soil composed of red clay and sand according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (C), the cooling rate is 5°C / 10 min.

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