Method for obtaining optimal water-fertilizer-gas ratio in cucumber planting

Abstract

A method for obtaining an optimal water-fertilizer-gas ratio in cucumber planting relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and comprises the following steps: performing a cucumber planting test based on a plurality of water-fertilizer-gas ratio treatments; after the test is finished, soil environment indexes and cucumber yield indexes corresponding to the water, fertilizer and gas treated according to each proportion are obtained; constructing a two-dimensional original data matrix; performing normalization processing on the original data matrix to obtain a standardized matrix; determining the weight of each parameter index in the standardized matrix by adopting an entropy weight method; combining data in the standardized matrix with weights to generate a weighting matrix, and determining positive and negative ideal solutions; respectively calculating Euclidean distances between each parameter index and the positive ideal point and between each parameter index and the negative ideal point in the standardized matrix; calculating a final relative close degree according to the two Euclidean distances, and taking a water-fertilizer-gas ratio corresponding to data with the maximum relative close degree as an optimal ratio; the method is used for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-gas ratio capable of increasing the yield of cucumbers and improving the soil environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a method for obtaining the optimal water, fertilizer, and air ratio in cucumber cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] Long-term improper irrigation and fertilization can lead to soil degradation and a sharp decline in cucumber yield and quality. Existing research indicates that the effectiveness of aerated drip irrigation in improving crop yield and quality is influenced by factors such as soil pH and texture, meaning that aerated drip irrigation may have limitations in terms of regional adaptability. Yunnan Province, located in southwest China, possesses abundant light and heat resources and a unique climate; its soil type is red soil, characterized by high clay content, becoming sticky when wet and hardening when dry, resulting in poor aeration and permeability, hindering root penetration and easily causing root rot. Given Yunnan's unique climate and soil conditions, there is an urgent need to explore irrigation, fertilization, and aeration models suitable for guiding greenhouse cucumber production in this region.

[0003] Cucumber roots are mainly distributed within the top 10 cm of soil. This shallow root system determines the cucumber's strong aerobic capacity and weak water absorption. In hot, dry regions with heavy, poorly aerated soils, irrigation can easily lead to uneven water distribution and imbalanced water absorption by the roots, thus affecting crop growth. Simultaneously, soil compaction after irrigation increases soil density and reduces porosity, easily causing hypoxia stress in the cucumber root zone. A good oxygen environment in the root zone can significantly improve root characteristic parameters, promote vigorous root metabolism, and increase the absorption, transport, and storage of water, nutrients, and other growth substances. Aerated drip irrigation, by adding aeration to the rhizosphere, can effectively improve the hypoxia condition in cucumber rhizospheres. However, aerated drip irrigation increases the cucumber's tolerance to water and fertilizer, enabling it to achieve higher yields at higher levels. Therefore, the optimal water and fertilizer thresholds explored under non-aerated conditions are not applicable under aerated drip irrigation conditions, necessitating further in-depth research into the optimal irrigation and fertilization rates for high cucumber yields under aerated irrigation. In addition, in arid and hot regions with abundant light and heat resources, multiple crops of cucumbers can be grown in a year. Continuous planting of cucumbers will lead to the continuous deterioration of the soil environment in the root zone, which in turn will cause problems such as poor cucumber development, reduced yield and decreased quality.

[0004] To address the above issues, this study conducted experiments on different water, fertilizer, and air coupling methods for cucumbers under underground aerobic drip irrigation conditions in hot and arid regions. A comprehensive evaluation system considering soil quality improvement and high cucumber yield was constructed, and an optimal water, fertilizer, and air ratio model for cucumbers in hot and arid regions under multi-objective control was proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio in cucumber cultivation, which can increase cucumber yield and improve the soil environment.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio in cucumber cultivation specifically includes: Cucumber cultivation experiments were conducted based on various water, fertilizer, and air ratio treatments. After the experiment, the soil environmental indicators and cucumber yield indicators corresponding to each ratio of water, fertilizer and air were obtained. A two-dimensional original data matrix is ​​constructed with n different ratios of water, fertilizer, and air as rows and m parameter indicators as columns. The original data matrix is ​​normalized to obtain a standardized matrix; The entropy weight method is used to determine the weights of each parameter index in the standardized matrix; The data in the standardized matrix are combined with the weights to generate a weighted matrix, and the positive and negative ideal solutions are determined. Calculate the Euclidean distance between each parameter index in the standardized matrix and the positive and negative ideal points, respectively. The final relative proximity is calculated based on two Euclidean distances. The water-fertilizer-air ratio corresponding to the data with the highest relative proximity is taken as the optimal ratio.

[0008] Furthermore, the cucumber planting experiment based on various water-fertilizer-air ratio treatments includes the following specific steps: S1. Select the target greenhouse, randomly select points to measure the initial soil physicochemical properties and nutrient status, then divide the plots and create ridges; S2. Cucumbers are planted in different plots, and different water, fertilizer and air coupling ratios are applied to different plots during the cucumber growth period. S3. During the flowering, fruit-setting, peak fruiting, and late fruiting stages of cucumber plants, harvesting should be carried out according to the standard of cucumber length and diameter in the market, and cucumber yield indicators should be measured. S4. After the cucumber growing season ends, soil samples from each plot are collected in layers and soil environmental indicators are measured.

[0009] Furthermore, when cucumbers are planted in different plots and different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios are applied to different plots during the cucumber growth period, the selection of the water ratio includes... : , : and : Three situations, among which Field water holding capacity; fertilizer formulation selection includes : The content is 300-300-300 and : The content is 450-300-300 Two methods; the gas ratio is selected as follows : Add gas and There are two methods: one without adding gas; a total of 12 water-fertilizer-gas coupling ratio treatment combinations.

[0010] Furthermore, the soil environmental indicators include soil bulk density, field water holding capacity, porosity, soil pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate nitrogen content, ammonium nitrogen content, urease activity, sucrase activity, phosphatase activity, and catalase activity.

[0011] Furthermore, in S3, five cucumber plants are randomly marked for each plot, and the yield per cucumber plant, the length of the cucumber, and the diameter of the cucumber are continuously measured.

[0012] Furthermore, the two-dimensional original data matrix is ​​constructed by using n different ratios of water, fertilizer, and air as rows and m parameter indicators as columns: ; For the original data matrix Normalization is performed to obtain the standardized matrix. The specific calculation formula is as follows: Positive indicators:

[0013] Negative indicators:

[0014] In the formula, The standardized index value, Let j be the value of the parameter index under the i-th ratio treatment; It is the minimum value among the parameter index values ​​in the j-th column; It is the maximum value among the parameter values ​​in column j.

[0015] Furthermore, the entropy weight method is used to determine the weights of each parameter index in the standardized matrix, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0016] In the formula, It represents the proportion of the j-th parameter index under the i-th ratio treatment; It is the information entropy of the j-th indicator; Let be the weight of the j-th indicator.

[0017] Furthermore, the data in the standardized matrix are combined with their weights to generate a weighted matrix, and the positive and negative ideal solutions are determined. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0018]

[0019]

[0020]

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, The index value is the weighted and standardized value. The ideal solution; It is a negative ideal solution.

[0023] Furthermore, the Euclidean distances between each parameter index in the standardized matrix and the positive and negative ideal points are calculated using the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, The distance to the ideal solution is calculated for the i-th ratio. The distance to the negative ideal solution for the i-th ratio.

[0026] Furthermore, the final relative proximity is calculated based on the two Euclidean distances. The water-fertilizer-air ratio corresponding to the data with the highest relative proximity is taken as the optimal ratio. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0027] In the formula, The relative closeness of the i-th ratio is denoted by .

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: This invention discloses a method for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio in cucumber cultivation. The method involves conducting multiple control experiments to obtain the effects of different water-fertilizer-air ratio treatments on the soil environment and cucumber yield. Then, the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio is determined by the entropy weight method-TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) evaluation model. This ratio can balance the soil environment and cucumber yield, thereby improving the long-term benefits of cucumber cultivation. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a method flow of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the effect of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on soil porosity; Figure 3A schematic diagram showing the effect of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on the pH of the root zone soil profile. Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the effect of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on the electrical conductivity of the root zone soil profile. Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the effect of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on the distribution of nitrate nitrogen content in the root zone soil profile. Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the effect of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen at different depths in the root zone soil. Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the effect of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen at different depths in the root zone soil. Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the effects of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on the activities of four enzymes in the rhizosphere soil. Figure 9 for , and A diagram illustrating the data calculated sequentially. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0031] Example 1 like Figure 1 The method shown here for obtaining the optimal water, fertilizer, and air ratio in cucumber cultivation specifically includes: A cucumber planting experiment was conducted based on various water, fertilizer and air ratios. The purpose of this experiment was to obtain the soil environmental indicators and cucumber yield indicators corresponding to each water, fertilizer and air ratio. After the experiment, the soil environmental indicators and cucumber yield indicators corresponding to each ratio of water, fertilizer and air were obtained. These soil environmental indicators and cucumber yield indicators are the data sources for the subsequent entropy weight method-TOPSIS evaluation model. The method uses n different ratios of water, fertilizer, and air as rows and m parameter indicators as columns to construct a two-dimensional original data matrix: The data in this matrix are all soil environmental indicators and cucumber yield indicators; For the original data matrix Normalization is performed to obtain the standardized matrix. The purpose is to standardize the units of each parameter to facilitate subsequent calculations. The specific calculation formula is as follows: Positive indicators:

[0032] Negative indicators:

[0033] In the formula, The standardized index value, Let j be the value of the parameter index under the i-th ratio treatment; It is the minimum value among the parameter index values ​​in the j-th column; The maximum value among the parameter values ​​in column j; The final normalized value is obtained by concatenating the positive and negative indicators.

[0034] The entropy weight method is used to determine the weights of each parameter in the standardized matrix. This is used to analyze the importance of each parameter. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0035] In the formula, It represents the proportion of the j-th parameter index under the i-th ratio treatment; It is the information entropy of the j-th indicator; Let be the weight of the j-th indicator; By combining the data points in the standardized matrix with their weights, a weighted matrix is ​​generated, and positive and negative ideal solutions are determined. The purpose is to establish an objective and unified evaluation benchmark and reference system. The positive ideal solution represents the optimal parameter index in each proportion treatment, while the negative ideal solution represents the worst parameter index in each proportion treatment. These two clear and extreme reference points are like the "full marks" and "0" marks on a ruler, and all parameter indices lie between these two reference points. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0036]

[0037]

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, The index value is the weighted and standardized value. The ideal solution; It is a negative ideal solution; By calculating the Euclidean distance between each parameter index in the standardized matrix and the positive and negative ideal points, the parameter index for each matching treatment can be transformed into a relative and comparable "score," that is, the distance between a certain parameter index and the positive and negative ideal points. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0041]

[0042] In the formula, The distance to the ideal solution is calculated for the i-th ratio. The distance to the negative ideal solution is calculated for the i-th ratio. The final relative closeness is calculated based on two Euclidean distances. This relative closeness is then used to evaluate the "score." The water-fertilizer-air ratio corresponding to the data with the highest relative closeness is selected. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0043] In the formula, The relative closeness of the i-th ratio is denoted by .

[0044] The design idea of ​​this method is to construct positive and negative ideal points, calculate the comprehensive distance between each parameter index and the two ideal points, and finally scientifically, reasonably, and fairly select the optimal solution that performs best and is most balanced overall from all alternative solutions.

[0045] In summary, this method first measures soil environmental indicators and cucumber yield indicators, and then uses the entropy weight method to analyze the impact of different irrigation and nitrogen application synergistic regulation on the root zone soil micro-ecological environment and cucumber yield under aerated drip irrigation. A comprehensive evaluation model for high-quality and high-yield greenhouse cucumbers is constructed, and the optimal water, fertilizer and air supply strategy suitable for high-quality and high-yield greenhouse cucumbers in southwestern my country is proposed, providing a theoretical basis and technical ideas for high-yield greenhouse cucumber cultivation and sustainable soil utilization.

[0046] Example 2 As one embodiment, the cucumber planting experiment based on various water-fertilizer-air ratio treatments includes the following specific steps: S1. Select the target greenhouse, randomly select points to measure the initial soil physicochemical properties and nutrient status, then divide the plots and ridge them. The purpose of first randomly selecting points to measure the initial soil physicochemical properties and nutrient status is to provide a basis for judgment of subsequent experimental data, and also to allow the operator to give different water, fertilizer and air coupling ratio treatment data more reasonably in S2 based on the current soil physicochemical properties and nutrient status. S2. Cucumbers are planted in different plots, and different water, fertilizer and air coupling ratios are applied to different plots during the cucumber growth period. S3. During the flowering, fruit-setting, peak fruiting, and late fruiting stages of cucumber plants, harvesting should be carried out according to the standard of cucumber length and diameter in the market, and cucumber yield indicators should be measured. S4. After the cucumber growing season ends, soil samples from each plot are collected in layers and soil environmental indicators are measured.

[0047] In addition, the soil environmental indicators include soil bulk density, field water holding capacity, porosity, soil pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate nitrogen content, ammonium nitrogen content, urease activity, sucrase activity, phosphatase activity, and catalase activity.

[0048] In addition, in S3, five cucumber plants are randomly marked for each plot, and the yield per cucumber plant, the length of the cucumber fruit, and the diameter of the cucumber fruit are continuously measured.

[0049] Example 3 As another embodiment, a cucumber planting experiment was conducted at a greenhouse located at 102°34′E, 24°30′N, and an altitude of 1945 m. The experimental site is a subtropical plateau monsoon climate zone, a typical hot and dry area with an average annual temperature of 15°C, an average annual sunshine of 2200 h, a frost-free period of more than 240 days, and an average annual precipitation of about 1000 mm, mainly concentrated in May to October. The average annual temperature of the experimental greenhouse is 23°C, and the relative humidity is 45-70%. The experimental variety used in the experimental area is grafted cucumber "1034", planted in raised beds.

[0050] The tested soil was red soil. The average dry bulk density of the soil in the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, and 30-40 cm soil layers was 1.23 g / L. 1.36 g / 1.53 g / 1.41 g / The soil had a field water holding capacity of 31.93% (mass moisture content), a soil pH of 7.47, a soil electrical conductivity of 236.27 μs / cm, a soil organic matter content of 15.05 g / kg, and total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium contents of 0.87 g / kg, 0.68 g / kg, and 13.90 g / kg, respectively. The initial contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were 16.48 mg / kg and 33.58 mg / kg, respectively.

[0051] The selection of water ratio in the experiment includes : , : and : Three situations, among which Field water holding capacity; fertilizer formulation selection includes : The content is 300-300-300 and : The content is 450-300-300 Two methods; the gas ratio is selected as follows : Add gas and There are two methods: one without adding gas; a total of 12 water-fertilizer-gas coupling ratio treatment combinations.

[0052] Yield and its components determination: At the end of the seedling stage, five representative plants were randomly selected from each plot and marked. The mature cucumber fruits of the marked plants were weighed, and the length and diameter of the cucumbers were measured using a tape measure and digital vernier calipers until the end of the fruiting stage. The yield per hectare was calculated based on the total weight of the fruits per plant and the area occupied by the plant.

[0053] Soil moisture and nutrient determination: Before the experiment, soil physical properties such as bulk density and field water holding capacity of the 0-40 cm soil layer were measured using a ring sampler at random sampling points. Sampling was conducted before sowing and at each growth stage. Soil samples were collected at 10 cm intervals from directly below the drip irrigation pipe (20 cm horizontally inward from the edge of the ridge) and at the center of two drip irrigation pipes (45 cm horizontally inward from the edge of the ridge) in each plot, at a vertical depth of 0-40 cm. The soil moisture content was then determined using the oven-drying method. Soil nutrients were determined using a portion of the soil samples from the late fruiting stage. Soil nitrate nitrogen was determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometry on air-dried soil passed through a 16-mesh sieve (1 mm aperture); soil ammonium nitrogen was determined using an extraction colorimetric method on fresh soil.

[0054] Soil enzyme activity assay: During the late fruiting stage of cucumbers, soil samples were collected from the following locations in each plot: directly below the drip irrigation pipe (20 cm horizontally inward from the edge of the ridge) and in the middle of the two drip irrigation pipes (45 cm horizontally inward from the edge of the ridge), at a vertical depth of 0-20 cm. After air-drying, the samples were passed through a 16-mesh sieve (1 mm aperture). Soil urease was measured using the sodium phenolate-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method. The soil samples were added to the culture medium and incubated in a constant temperature incubator for 24 h, followed by the addition of the colorimetric reagent and measurement using a UV spectrophotometer. Soil sucrase was measured using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method. After incubation for 24 h, the soil samples were measured using a UV spectrophotometer. Soil catalase was measured using the potassium permanganate titration method. After incubation at 4℃ for 1 h, the soil samples were measured using an acid burette. Soil neutral phosphatase was measured using the disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method. After incubation for 24 h, the soil samples were measured using a UV spectrophotometer.

[0055] The effects of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on soil physicochemical properties were determined and are shown in Table 1. Figure 2 Soil porosity is represented by a bar chart: Table 1. Effects of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on soil physical properties

[0056] The field water holding capacity and capillary porosity of the treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The bulk density of this treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The total porosity of the treated group was significantly higher than that of other treated groups. Considering all four indicators above, The treatment had the most significant effect on improving the physical properties of the soil.

[0057] The effects of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on soil pH in different soil layers are shown in Table 2. Figure 3 As shown: Table 2. Effects of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on soil pH in different soil layers.

[0058] The soil pH of the treated soil was significantly higher than that of other treatments, with an average value of 7.86. The soil pH of the treated soils was significantly lower than that of the other treatments, with an average value of 7.25. Under non-aeration treatments, the pH of the high-nitrogen treatments was generally lower than that of the low-nitrogen treatments, and the soil pH increased with increasing irrigation volume. In contrast, the aeration treatments decreased the soil pH compared to the non-aeration treatments.

[0059] The effects of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on soil electrical conductivity (μs / cm) in different soil layers are shown in Table 3. Figure 4 As shown: Table 3. Effects of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on soil electrical conductivity (μs / cm) in different soil layers

[0060] High nitrogen treatment ( The average conductivity of ) is higher than that of low nitrogen treatment ( The concentration was 8.59% higher in low-nitrogen treatment. Under high nitrogen treatment, the average electrical conductivity of the soil decreases with increasing irrigation amount; while under high nitrogen treatment ( Under these conditions, the average electrical conductivity of the soil increases with the increase of irrigation amount. The soil electrical conductivity of the treated soil was significantly higher than that of other treatments, with an average value of 336.59 μs / cm. The soil electrical conductivity of the treated soil was significantly lower than that of other treatments, with an average value of 196.90 μs / cm.

[0061] The effects of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on soil nutrients are shown in Table 4. Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown: Table 4. Effects of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.

[0062] The highest treatment for residual nitrate nitrogen in soil is The highest treatment for residual ammonium nitrogen in soil was Soil nutrients in the high-nitrogen treatment were significantly higher than those in the low-nitrogen treatment, while soil nutrients in the aerated treatment were significantly lower than those in the non-aerated treatment. Soil nutrients decreased significantly with increasing irrigation volume.

[0063] The effects of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on soil rhizosphere enzyme activity are shown in Table 5. Figure 8 As shown: Table 5 Effects of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on soil rhizosphere enzyme activity

[0064] Under conventional drip irrigation, the activities of soil urease and phosphatase show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of irrigation volume. There is a minimum value for the treatment. Under aerated drip irrigation, soil urease activity increases with increasing irrigation volume; phosphatase activity shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing irrigation volume. Urease in There is a maximum value at [location]; phosphatase at [location]. There is a maximum value at this point. High nitrogen application rate ( The overall activities of soil urease and phosphatase were higher at low nitrogen application rates than at high nitrogen application rates. Under conventional drip irrigation, soil sucrase and Enzyme activity generally increases and then decreases with increasing irrigation volume. Under aerated drip irrigation, soil sucrase activity increases with increasing irrigation volume. The enzyme concentration initially increases and then decreases with increasing irrigation volume. High nitrogen application rates ( Soil sucrose activity was generally lower with low nitrogen application ( ) than with low nitrogen application ( ) Under conventional drip irrigation, the amount of nitrogen applied has a significant impact on the soil. Enzyme activity was not significantly affected.

[0065] The effects of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on cucumber yield and its components are shown in Table 6. Table 6. Effects of different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios on cucumber yield and its components.

[0066] Under conventional drip irrigation, yield initially increases and then decreases with increasing irrigation volume; under aerated drip irrigation, yield increases with increasing irrigation volume. Both aerated drip irrigation and aerated drip irrigation methods increase yield. Yield increases with increasing nitrogen application. and The treatment had a maximum yield. Aeration significantly increased the average number of fruits per cucumber plant, while irrigation volume was [missing information]. The average number of fruits at the lower irrigation level was higher than at other irrigation gradients. No factors had a significant impact on individual fruit weight. Yield per plant trended in line with total yield.

[0067] In the entropy weight method-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model calculation, the weights of each indicator of cucumber determined based on the entropy weight method are shown in Table 7: Table 7. Weights of cucumber indicators determined using the entropy weight method.

[0068] The calculated Euclidean distances between each parameter index and the positive and negative ideal points, as well as the final relative closeness, are shown in Table 8. Figure 9 As shown: Table 8. Euclidean distance S between target value and ideal point i + and S i - and the relative proximity C of each target i

[0069]

[0070] Among them, electrical conductivity, soil nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen residue are negative indicators, while the rest are positive indicators. This can be derived from the entropy weight method-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model. The optimal water, fertilizer, and air ratio for cucumbers is achieved by using aerated drip irrigation, with a minimum irrigation capacity of 75-80% of field capacity, and applying 300 kg / ha of nitrogen fertilizer as the best field management practice for greenhouse cucumbers.

[0071] The above analysis shows that coupled water, fertilizer, and air management can effectively improve soil physical properties and nutrient status, enhance soil enzyme activity, and increase cucumber yield, bringing significant economic benefits to farmers. However, the effects vary depending on the ratio of water, fertilizer, and air. Based on the results of this study, the combination of aerated drip irrigation with 75-80% field capacity as the lower limit, and 300 kg / ha of nitrogen fertilizer, compared to other treatment ratios, effectively alleviated soil acidification, increased soil enzyme activity, and improved greenhouse cucumber yield and value. This can be considered a technical measure for improving cucumber soil quality and efficiency.

[0072] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio in cucumber cultivation, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: Cucumber cultivation experiments were conducted based on various water, fertilizer, and air ratio treatments. After the experiment, the soil environmental indicators and cucumber yield indicators corresponding to each ratio of water, fertilizer and air were obtained. A two-dimensional original data matrix is ​​constructed with n different ratios of water, fertilizer, and air as rows and m parameter indicators as columns. The original data matrix is ​​normalized to obtain a standardized matrix; The entropy weight method is used to determine the weights of each parameter index in the standardized matrix; The data in the standardized matrix are combined with the weights to generate a weighted matrix, and the positive and negative ideal solutions are determined. Calculate the Euclidean distance between each parameter index in the standardized matrix and the positive and negative ideal points, respectively. The final relative proximity is calculated based on two Euclidean distances. The water-fertilizer-air ratio corresponding to the data with the highest relative proximity is taken as the optimal ratio.

2. The method for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio in cucumber cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cucumber planting experiment based on multiple water-fertilizer-air ratio treatments, specifically follows these steps: S1. Select the target greenhouse, randomly select points to measure the initial soil physicochemical properties and nutrient status, then divide the plots and create ridges; S2. Cucumbers are planted in different plots, and different water, fertilizer and air coupling ratios are applied to different plots during the cucumber growth period. S3. During the flowering, fruit-setting, peak fruiting, and late fruiting stages of cucumber plants, harvesting should be carried out according to the standard of cucumber length and diameter in the market, and cucumber yield indicators should be measured. S4. After the cucumber growing season ends, soil samples from each plot are collected in layers and soil environmental indicators are measured.

3. The method for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio in cucumber cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that: When cucumbers are planted in different plots and different water-fertilizer-air coupling ratios are applied to different plots during the cucumber growth period, the selection of the water ratio includes... : , : and : Three situations, among which Field water holding capacity; fertilizer formulation selection includes : The content is 300-300-300 and : The content is 450-300-300 Two methods; the gas ratio is selected as follows : Add gas and There are two methods: one without adding gas; a total of 12 water-fertilizer-gas coupling ratio treatment combinations.

4. The method for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio in cucumber cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soil environmental indicators include soil bulk density, field water holding capacity, porosity, soil pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate nitrogen content, ammonium nitrogen content, urease activity, sucrase activity, phosphatase activity, and catalase activity.

5. The method for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio in cucumber cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, five cucumber plants are randomly marked in each plot, and the yield per plant, fruit length, and fruit diameter of cucumbers are continuously measured.

6. The method for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio in cucumber cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method uses n different ratios of water, fertilizer, and air as rows and m parameter indicators as columns to construct a two-dimensional original data matrix: ; For the original data matrix Normalization is performed to obtain the standardized matrix. The specific calculation formula is as follows: Positive indicators: Negative indicators: In the formula, The standardized index value, Let j be the value of the parameter index under the i-th ratio treatment; It is the minimum value among the parameter index values ​​in the j-th column; It is the maximum value among the parameter values ​​in column j.

7. The method for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio in cucumber cultivation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The entropy weight method is used to determine the weights of each parameter index in the standardized matrix, and the calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, It represents the proportion of the j-th parameter index under the i-th ratio treatment; It is the information entropy of the j-th indicator; Let be the weight of the j-th indicator.

8. The method for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio in cucumber cultivation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The data in the standardized matrix are combined with their weights to generate a weighted matrix, and the positive and negative ideal solutions are determined. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, The index value is the weighted and standardized value. The maximum value of the parameter index in column j. For the positive ideal solution, The minimum value of the parameter index in column j. It is a negative ideal solution.

9. The method for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio in cucumber cultivation according to claim 8, characterized in that: Calculate the Euclidean distance between each parameter index in the standardized matrix and the positive and negative ideal points, using the following formula: In the formula, The distance to the ideal solution is calculated for the i-th ratio. The distance to the negative ideal solution for the i-th ratio.

10. The method for obtaining the optimal water-fertilizer-air ratio in cucumber cultivation according to claim 9, characterized in that: The final relative proximity is calculated based on two Euclidean distances. The water-fertilizer-air ratio corresponding to the data with the highest relative proximity is taken as the optimal ratio. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, The relative closeness of the i-th ratio is denoted by .

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