A blasting excavation construction method for eliminating shoal points in an underwater channel

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of underwater blasting construction. Aiming at the problem that it is easy to have shallow points during traditional underwater shallow-point blasting, a blasting excavation construction method for eliminating shallow points in an underwater channel is proposed, including the following steps: S1: Drill a number of blast holes in the shallow-point area; S2: Clean the sundries at the bottom of the blast holes; S3: Place the shaped charge liner at the bottom of the blast holes; S4: Fill the blast holes with explosive cartridges equipped with detonators; S5: Connect the detonators of the explosive cartridges to the detonator; S6: Detonate the explosive cartridges in the blast holes through the detonator to blast the shallow points. This application has the effect of achieving precise underwater shallow-point blasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of underwater blasting construction, and in particular to a blasting excavation construction method for eliminating shoal points in an underwater channel. Background Art

[0002] With the development of water transportation, the construction scale of underwater channels has been continuously expanding, so higher requirements are also put forward for the navigational safety of underwater channels.

[0003] Affected by the combined action of factors such as water flow and terrain, shoal points are likely to appear in underwater channels. The existence of shoal points will pose a great safety hazard to passing ships. Therefore, during the construction of underwater channels, it is usually necessary to carry out blasting construction on the existing shoal points underwater to eliminate the shoal points.

[0004] When carrying out blasting construction on shoal points, usually after drilling a number of blast holes in the shoal point area, explosives are loaded into the blast holes, and finally the explosives in the blast holes are detonated to achieve the blasting construction of the shoal point area.

[0005] During the blasting construction of shoal points, in order to more thoroughly blast and remove the shoal point area, the blast holes usually need to be excavated with an over-depth. However, in this blasting method, since the explosion of the explosives in the subsequent blast holes will form a blasting funnel at the bottom of the blast holes, it is easy to have the situation of over-blasting, causing damage to the bottom plate (the bedrock at the bottom of the blasting area). Therefore, after the blasting construction of the shoal points is completed, it is usually necessary to re-fill the over-blasted area; the operation is relatively cumbersome. Therefore, there is room for improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to more accurately carry out blasting construction on the shoal point area, this application provides a blasting excavation construction method for eliminating shoal points in an underwater channel.

[0007] A blasting excavation construction method for eliminating shoal points in an underwater channel provided by this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A blasting excavation construction method for eliminating shoal points in an underwater channel includes the following steps:

[0009] S1: Drilling operation: Drilling a number of blast holes in the shoal point area:

[0010] S2: Hole cleaning operation: Cleaning the sundries at the bottom of the blast holes;

[0011] S3: Liner charge loading operation: Placing the liner charge at the bottom of the blast hole; the liner charge is made of metal, the liner charge is in the shape of a column with a small middle and large ends, and the liner charge is filled with explosives; a conical positioning block with the tip facing down is coaxially connected to the bottom of the liner charge;

[0012] S4: Explosive loading operation: Fill the blast hole with explosive cartridges equipped with detonators.

[0013] S5: Initiation connection operation: Connect the detonator of the explosive cartridge to the initiator.

[0014] S6: Shallow point blasting: Detonate the explosive cartridges in the blast hole through the initiator to blast the shallow point.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, after the explosives in the subsequent blast holes explode, the shaped charge liner at the bottom of the blast hole is detonated. Through the focusing effect of the structure of the shaped charge liner itself, a high-temperature and high-pressure annular metal jet is formed after the shaped charge liner is detonated, and an annular gap is cut on the rock mass on the periphery of the blast hole through the annular metal jet. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the blasting further acts on the annular gap cut by the annular metal jet, so that the annular gap further develops, and finally a relatively flat cut surface is formed at the bottom of the shallow point blasting area; it is beneficial to more accurately blast the shallow point. Compared with the traditional shallow point blasting construction, the situation of over-explosion leading to subsequent backfilling construction is reduced. The setting of the conical positioning block, on the one hand, can play a guiding role for the shaped charge liner, making it easier to fill the shaped charge groove into the blast hole. On the other hand, when the shaped charge liner is placed at the bottom of the blast hole, the conical positioning block can keep it in a relatively vertical standing state, reducing the situation that the shaped charge liner is inclined due to unevenness or debris at the bottom of the blast hole, affecting the subsequent explosion cutting effect of the shaped charge liner.

[0016] Preferably, the bottom of the shaped charge liner is provided with an opening, and a connecting pipe is coaxially connected to the top of the conical positioning block. The top of the conical positioning block is coaxially sleeved on the bottom end of the shaped charge liner through the connecting pipe to block the opening at the bottom of the shaped charge liner.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, explosives can be filled into the shaped charge liner through the opening at the top of the shaped charge liner; the conical positioning block is sleeved on the bottom of the shaped charge liner through the connecting pipe. On the one hand, the connection between the conical positioning block and the shaped charge liner is realized. On the other hand, the opening at the bottom of the shaped charge liner can be blocked through the conical positioning block, which is beneficial to reducing the leakage of the explosives filled inside the shaped charge liner during the subsequent transportation or loading of the shaped charge liner.

[0018] Preferably, in step S4: After the explosive cartridges are loaded, plug the top orifice of the blast hole with stemming to block the top orifice of the blast hole.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when the explosives in the subsequent blast holes explode, the stemming at the orifice of the blast hole can restrict the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the blasting from overflowing from the orifice of the blast hole, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the explosion of the explosives can better act on the rock mass on the periphery of the blast hole, facilitating a more thorough blasting of the shallow body area.

[0020] Preferably, in step S2, after the blasthole is cleared, a guide tube is inserted into the blasthole and the top end of the guide tube extends out of the water surface;

[0021] In steps S3 and S4: The shaped charge liner and the explosive cartridge are successively filled into the blasthole through the guide tube;

[0022] In step S4, after the explosive cartridge is loaded, the guide tube is removed from the blasthole.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, since the blasthole wall is usually not smooth, it is difficult to directly load the shaped charge liner and the explosive cartridge; by inserting a guide tube into the blasthole, a relatively smooth and flat guide channel can be formed in the blasthole through the guide tube, so that the subsequent shaped charge liner and the explosive cartridge can smoothly slide into the blasthole through the guide tube, reducing the friction between the shaped charge liner and the explosive cartridge and the uneven places on the blasthole wall when loading the shaped charge liner and the explosive cartridge into the blasthole subsequently, resulting in the situation that it is difficult to load or damage the shaped charge liner and the explosive cartridge.

[0024] Preferably, in step S2, after the guide tube is inserted into the blasthole, concrete is injected into the bottom of the guide tube to form a leveling layer.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, it is beneficial to improve the flatness of the bottom of the blasthole through the leveling layer, so that the subsequent shaped charge liner can better maintain a relatively vertical standing state after being placed at the bottom of the blasthole, which is beneficial to generating a relatively horizontal annular metal jet after the shaped charge liner is detonated, so as to better cut the rock mass around the blasthole.

[0026] Preferably, in step S2, before injecting concrete into the guide tube, the river water in the guide tube is pumped out.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, it is beneficial to keep the blasthole in a relatively dry state, which is convenient for the subsequent smooth injection and setting of concrete; at the same time, it makes it easier for the subsequent shaped charge liner and the explosive cartridge to be filled into the blasthole through the guide tube.

[0028] Preferably, in step S2, after the guide tube is inserted into the blasthole, the gap between the blasthole orifice and the guide tube is filled with anti-seepage cement.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, it is beneficial to improve the sealing performance between the forming tube and the blasthole. When pumping out the water in the forming tube subsequently, the anti-seepage cement can be used to limit the external water from flowing into the forming tube through the gap between the forming tube and the blasthole, which is convenient for more quickly pumping out the river water in the forming tube.

[0030] Preferably, in step S2, before the guide tube is placed into the blasthole, a release agent is applied to the inner and outer circumferences of the bottom end of the guide tube to form a release layer.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, when the guide pipe is subsequently removed from the blast hole, due to the arrangement of the demoulding layer, the guide pipe can be more easily separated from the leveling layer, facilitating the removal of the guide pipe from the blast hole.

[0032] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] 1. By filling a shaped charge liner at the bottom of the blast hole, after the explosive cartridge in the blast hole detonates the shaped charge liner subsequently, the shaped charge liner forms a high-temperature and high-pressure annular metal jet to cut the rock mass structure on the periphery of the blast hole. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated after the detonation of the explosive in the blast hole further acts on the annular gap cut by the metal jet, causing the annular gap to further develop, and finally cutting out a relatively flat cut surface at the bottom of the shallow point area, which is beneficial for more precise blasting construction of the shallow point.

[0034] 2. Since a conical positioning block with the tip facing down is connected to the bottom of the shaped charge liner, after the shaped charge liner is placed into the blast hole subsequently, the shaped charge liner can be kept in a relatively vertical standing state through the conical positioning block, thereby facilitating the formation of a relatively horizontal annular metal jet after the detonation of the shaped charge liner to cut the rock mass on the periphery of the blast hole.

[0035] 3. By inserting a guide pipe into the blast hole and making the top of the guide pipe extend out of the water surface, a relatively smooth and flat conveying channel is formed in the blast hole by using the guide pipe, facilitating the subsequent smoother placement of the shaped charge liner into the blast hole; at the same time, the influx of crushed stones outside the blast hole into the blast hole can be restricted by the guide pipe, preventing the situation where the subsequent loading of the shaped charge liner and the explosive cartridge is affected. Description of the Drawings

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram for illustrating the drilling of the blast hole in Embodiment 1.

[0037] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram for illustrating the structures of the shaped charge liner, the explosive cartridge, and the stemming in the blast hole in Embodiment 1.

[0038] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram for illustrating the explosion of the shaped charge liner and the conical positioning block in Embodiment 1.

[0039] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram for illustrating the structure of the poured leveling layer in Embodiment 2.

[0040] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram for illustrating the loading of the shaped charge liner and the explosive cartridge in Embodiment 2.

[0041] Description of the Reference Numerals:

[0042] 1. Blasthole; 2. Shaped charge liner; 21. Conical positioning block; 211. Connecting pipe; 3. Explosive cartridge; 31. Detonator; 4. Stemming; 5. Guide pipe; 6. Bedding course. Specific embodiments

[0043] The following further elaborates on this application Figures 1-5 in conjunction with the appended drawings.

[0044] The embodiment of this application discloses a blasting excavation construction method for eliminating shoal points in an underwater channel.

[0045] Embodiment 1

[0046] A blasting excavation construction method for eliminating shoal points in an underwater channel includes the following steps:

[0047] S1: Drilling operation: Refer to Figure 1 , and drill a number of blastholes 1 in the shoal point area through a drill barge; the specific steps are as follows:

[0048] S1.1: Cleaning of surface coverings: Excavate and clean the coverings in the shoal point area through a dredger in cooperation with a mud barge;

[0049] S1.2: Drilling of blastholes 1: After the drill barge reaches the designated position and anchors, drill blastholes 1 in the shoal point area through the down-the-hole drill of the drill barge to the designed depth;

[0050] S1.3: Repeat step S1.2 until the drilling of the remaining blastholes 1 is completed.

[0051] S2: Hole cleaning operation: Clean the debris such as crushed stones and silt inside the blastholes 1 through a sediment cleaning machine.

[0052] S3: Loading operation of the shaped charge liner 2: Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , and have the diving personnel dive underwater and place the shaped charge liner 2 into the blasthole 1, and press the shaped charge liner 2 to the bottom of the blasthole 1 through a blasting rod.

[0053] In this embodiment, the shaped charge liner 2 is made of metallic copper. A ring-shaped shaped charge groove is provided on the outer periphery of the shaped charge liner 2 so that the shaped charge liner 2 is in the shape of a column with a small middle and large ends. The shaped charge liner 2 is filled with emulsion explosive.

[0054] The bottom of the shaped charge liner 2 is provided with an opening to facilitate filling the emulsion explosive into the shaped charge liner 2 through this opening. A conical positioning block 21 is coaxially connected to the bottom of the shaped charge liner 2, and the tip of the conical positioning block 21 is arranged downward; a connecting pipe 211 is coaxially connected to the top of the conical positioning block 21, and the connecting pipe 211 is coaxially sleeved on the outer periphery of the bottom end of the shaped charge liner 2 through a threaded structure.

[0055] Through the setting of the cumulative energy liner 2, after the explosion of the cumulative energy liners 2 at the bottoms of several blast holes 1, the cumulative energy liner 2 can form a high-temperature and high-pressure annular metal jet under the action of its own cumulative energy structure, so as to cut an annular slit in the rock mass around the blast hole 1, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated during the explosion of the explosive inside the blast hole continues to act on the annular slit, and finally a relatively flat cut surface can be formed at the bottom of the shallow blasting area.

[0056] The setting of the conical positioning block 21, on the one hand, realizes the plugging of the bottom opening of the cumulative energy liner 2 to limit the leakage of the emulsion explosive inside the cumulative energy liner 2; on the other hand, when the cumulative energy liner 2 is subsequently placed into the blast hole 1, it can be guided by the conical positioning block 21 to facilitate the loading of the cumulative energy liner 2; at the same time, after the cumulative energy liner 2 is placed into the blast hole 1, the conical positioning block 21 can keep the cumulative energy liner 2 in a relatively vertical standing state, reducing the situation that the cumulative energy liner 2 is placed obliquely due to the uneven bottom of the blast hole 1, thereby affecting the subsequent explosion effect of the cumulative energy liner 2.

[0057] S4: Explosive loading operation: The specific steps are as follows:

[0058] S4.1: The underwater operation personnel dive underwater and put the explosive cartridge 3 equipped with the detonator 31 into the blast hole 1, and press it to the top of the cumulative energy liner 2 through a blasting rod.

[0059] S4.2: After the explosive cartridge 3 is loaded, stemming 4 is filled at the top orifice of the blast hole 1 to limit the overflow of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the explosion of the subsequent explosive cartridge 3 through the orifice of the blast hole 1.

[0060] In this embodiment, the explosive cartridge 3 is made of emulsion explosive, and the detonator 31 is a non-electric detonating fuse.

[0061] S5: Initiation connection operation: Connect the detonating cord of the detonator 31 on the explosive cartridge 3 to the initiator. After the connection is completed, move the drill and blast boat outside the blasting area and set a warning line around the blasting area.

[0062] S6: Shallow point blasting: Detonate the explosive cartridge 3 in the blast hole 1 through the initiator to blast the shallow point area.

[0063] In this application, by loading the cumulative energy liner 2 at the bottom of the blast hole 1, when the explosive cartridges 3 in several subsequent blast holes 1 explode, the cumulative energy liner 2 at the bottom of the blast hole 1 is detonated together. The cumulative energy liner 2 forms a high-pressure and high-speed annular metal jet under the action of its own cumulative energy structure to cut the rock mass around the blast hole 1. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated after the explosion inside the blast hole 1 continues to act on the annular slit cut by the metal jet and makes the annular slit further develop. Finally, a relatively complete cut surface is formed at the bottom of the shallow blasting area, reducing the occurrence of over-explosion phenomenon during traditional shallow point blasting construction, and being beneficial to more accurately blasting the shallow point area.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 lies in that:

[0066] A blasting excavation construction method for eliminating shoal points in an underwater channel, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S1: Drilling operation: Refer to Figure 1 , and a number of blast holes 1 are drilled through a drill barge in the shoal point area: The specific steps are the same as those in Example 1, so they will not be elaborated here.

[0068] S2: Hole cleaning operation: Refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , and the specific steps are as follows:

[0069] S2.1: Clean the debris such as crushed stones and silt inside the blast hole 1 through a sediment cleaning machine;

[0070] S2.2: Installation of the guide pipe 5: Insert the guide pipe 5 adapted to the blast hole 1 into the blast hole 1 one by one, and make the top end of the guide pipe 5 extend out of the water surface. Specifically, the guide pipe 5 is a metal pipe made of stainless steel with an overall wall thickness of 1 mm; before installing the guide pipe 5, a mold release agent is applied to the inner and outer circumferences at the bottom end of the guide pipe 5 to form a demolding layer.

[0071] S2.3: Gap sealing operation between the guide pipe 5 and the blast hole 1: Divers dive underwater and fill anti-seepage cement in the annular gap between the guide pipe 5 and the orifice of the blast hole 1;

[0072] S2.4: Pumping operation of the blast hole 1: Insert the suction pipe of the pumping equipment into the guide pipe 5 and press it down to the bottom of the guide pipe 5, and pump out the river water inside the blast hole 1 through the pumping equipment;

[0073] S2.5: Pouring construction of the leveling layer 6: Insert the grouting pipe of the grouting equipment to the bottom end of the guide pipe 5 and inject concrete slurry into the bottom end of the guide pipe 5 through the grouting equipment to form the leveling layer 6. Specifically, the concrete slurry uses underwater rapid-setting concrete.

[0074] S3: Loading operation of the shaped charge liner 2: The shaped charge liner 2 is placed at the top end of the guide pipe 5 by the operator, and the shaped charge liner 2 is pressed to the bottom end of the guide pipe 5 through a blasting rod so that the conical positioning block 21 at the bottom of the shaped charge liner 2 abuts against the leveling layer 6.

[0075] S4: Explosive loading operation: The specific steps are as follows:

[0076] S4.1: The explosive cartridge 3 equipped with the detonator 31 is placed into the guide pipe 5 by the operator and the explosive cartridge 3 is pressed by a blasting rod until the explosive cartridge 3 abuts against the top end of the shaped charge liner 2.

[0077] S4.2: Demolition operation of the guide tube 5: Pull out the guide tube 5 from the bottom of the blast hole 1. When pulling out the guide tube 5, first press down the explosive cartridge 3 in the guide tube 5 with a blasting rod, and then pull out the guide tube 5 in the blast hole 1 upward. Use the pressed blasting rod to restrict the explosive cartridge 3 and the shaped charge liner 2 in the guide tube 5 from moving upward together with the guide tube 5.

[0078] S4.3: Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5 , after the guide tube 5 is pulled out, fill the top orifice of the blast hole 1 with stemming 4 to restrict the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the explosion of the subsequent explosive cartridge 3 from overflowing through the orifice of the blast hole 1.

[0079] S5: Initiation connection operation: Connect the detonating cord on the detonator 31 of the explosive cartridge 3 to the initiator. After the connection is completed, move the drill and blast barge outside the blasting area and set a warning line around the blasting area.

[0080] S6: Shallow point blasting: Detonate the explosive cartridge 3 in the blast hole 1 through the initiator to blast the shallow point area.

[0081] By inserting the guide tube 5 into the blast hole 1 and making the top end of the guide tube 5 extend out of the water surface, on the one hand, the subsequent underwater silt, gravel and other sundries can be restricted from flowing into the blast hole 1 through the guide tube 5. On the other hand, after the river water in the guide tube 5 is pumped out, a relatively dry, stable and smooth guiding channel can be formed in the guide tube 5, which is convenient for the subsequent shaped charge liner 2 and explosive cartridge 3 to be loaded into the blast hole 1 more smoothly through the guide tube 5. At the same time, the loading of both the shaped charge liner 2 and the explosive cartridge 3 does not require diving operations, which is beneficial to reducing the loading difficulty of the shaped charge liner 2 and the explosive cartridge 3.

[0082] By applying a release agent to the inner and outer circumferences of the bottom of the guide tube 5 before installing the guide tube 5 to form a release layer, it is convenient for the guide tube 5 to separate from the leveling layer 6 better when the guide tube 5 is pulled out of the blast hole 1 subsequently.

[0083] By injecting concrete slurry into the bottom of the guide tube 5 to form a leveling layer 6, it is beneficial to improve the flatness of the bottom of the blast hole 1. Furthermore, after the subsequent shaped charge liner 2 is placed at the bottom of the blast hole 1, the shaped charge liner 2 can better maintain a vertical standing state.

[0084] By pumping out the river water in the guide tube 5 before injecting concrete into the guide tube 5, it is beneficial to form a relatively dry environment in the blast hole 1, which is beneficial to the setting of the concrete of the subsequent leveling layer 6, and is convenient for the subsequent shaped charge liner 2 and explosive cartridge 3 to slide into the bottom of the blast hole 1 more easily.

[0085] Blocking the anti-cement in the gap between the orifice of the blast hole 1 and the guide pipe 5 is beneficial to restricting the river water outside the blast hole 1 from flowing into the blast hole 1 through this gap, and thus facilitating the subsequent more rapid and thorough pumping out of the river water in the guide pipe 5.

[0086] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited accordingly. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application shall be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A blasting excavation construction method for eliminating shoal points in an underwater channel, characterized in that: Including the following steps: S1: Drilling operation: Drilling a number of blast holes (1) in the shallow point area: S2: Hole cleaning operation: Cleaning the debris at the bottom of the blast hole (1); In step S2, after completing the hole cleaning of the blast hole (1), inserting a guide pipe (5) into the blast hole (1) and making the top end of the guide pipe (5) extend out of the water surface; After inserting the guide pipe (5) into the blast hole (1), filling the gap between the orifice of the blast hole (1) and the guide pipe (5) with anti-cement; Pumping out the river water inside the guide pipe (5); Injecting concrete into the bottom of the guide pipe (5) to form a leveling layer (6); In steps S3 and S4: Sequentially filling the shaped charge liner (2) and the explosive cartridge (3) into the blast hole (1) through the guide pipe (5); In step S4, after the explosive cartridge (3) is loaded, removing the guide pipe (5) from the blast hole (1); S3: Shaped charge liner (2) loading operation: Placing the shaped charge liner (2) at the bottom of the blast hole (1); the shaped charge liner (2) is made of metal, the shaped charge liner (2) is in the shape of a column with a smaller middle and larger ends, and explosives are filled in the shaped charge liner (2); a conical positioning block (21) with a pointed end facing down is coaxially connected to the bottom of the shaped charge liner (2); S4: Explosive loading operation: Filling the explosive cartridge (3) equipped with a detonator (31) into the blast hole (1); S5: Initiation connection operation: Connecting the detonator (31) of the explosive cartridge (3) to the initiator; S6: Shallow point blasting: Detonating the explosive cartridge (3) in the blast hole (1) through the initiator to blast the shallow point.

2. The blasting excavation construction method for eliminating shoal points in an underwater channel according to claim 1, wherein: The bottom of the shaped charge liner (2) is provided with an opening, and a connecting pipe (211) is coaxially connected to the top of the conical positioning block (21). The top of the conical positioning block (21) is coaxially sleeved on the bottom end of the shaped charge liner (2) through the connecting pipe (211) to block the opening at the bottom of the shaped charge liner (2).

3. A blasting excavation construction method for eliminating shallow points in an underwater channel according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4: After the explosive cartridge (3) is loaded, filling the top orifice of the blast hole (1) with stemming (4) to block the top orifice of the blast hole (1).

4. A blasting excavation construction method for eliminating shallow points in an underwater channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, before placing the guide pipe (5) into the blast hole (1), applying a release agent to the inner and outer circumferences of the bottom end of the guide pipe (5) to form a release layer.

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