A construction method for underwater reef blasting in shallow water

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of underwater blasting. Aiming at the loading of traditional underwater blast hole explosive cartridges, a construction method for underwater reef blasting in shallow water is proposed, including the following steps: S1: Blast hole drilling: Drill a number of blast holes on the surface of the underwater reef; S2: Casing installation: Insert a casing into each blast hole and make the top of the casing extend out of the water surface; S3: Hole cleaning construction: Clean the muck and accumulated water inside the casing; S4: Blast hole charging: Fill the explosive cartridges into the casing; S5: Connect the lead wire of the explosive cartridge to the detonator; S6: Explosion of the explosive: Detonate the explosive cartridges in each blast hole through the detonator. This application has the effect of facilitating the loading of underwater blast hole explosive cartridges.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of underwater blasting, and in particular to a construction method for underwater reef blasting in shallow water. Background Art

[0002] There are usually many reef groups scattered at the bottom of some river channels. The existence of reef groups can easily cause risks such as ship grounding for passing ships, bringing great potential safety hazards to the navigation of passing ships. To ensure the shipping safety of ships, it is usually necessary to blast and clean the reef groups.

[0003] When carrying out underwater blasting construction on underwater reefs, it is necessary to first drill a number of blast holes on the surface of the reefs, then fill a number of explosive cartridges into the blast holes, and finally detonate the explosive cartridges to achieve the blasting construction of underwater reefs.

[0004] In view of the above related technologies, since the blast holes are underwater, affected by the buoyancy of the river water, the subsequent explosive cartridges loaded into the blast holes are likely to float due to the buoyancy of the river water, resulting in the deviation of the explosive cartridges in the blast holes from their installation positions, and the charging operation of the blast holes is relatively inconvenient; on the other hand, since there is usually silt and gravel accumulated on the surface of the reefs, during the subsequent charging process of the blast holes, the silt and gravel at the orifice of the blast holes are likely to pour into the blast holes due to disturbance, thereby affecting the loading of the emulsion explosive cartridges. Therefore, there is room for improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to facilitate the loading operation of explosive cartridges in underwater blast holes, this application provides a construction method for underwater reef blasting in shallow water.

[0006] A construction method for underwater reef blasting in shallow water provided by this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A construction method for underwater reef blasting in shallow water includes the following steps:

[0008] S1: Blast hole drilling: Drill a number of blast holes on the surface of the underwater reefs;

[0009] S2: Casing installation: Insert a casing into each blast hole and make the top of the casing extend out of the water surface;

[0010] S3: Hole cleaning construction: Clean the muck and accumulated water inside the casing;

[0011] S4: Blast hole charging: Fill the explosive cartridges into the casing;

[0012] S5: Connect the lead wire of the explosive cartridge to the detonator;

[0013] S6: Explosive detonation: Detonate the explosive cartridges in each blast hole through the detonator.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, a casing is inserted into the blast hole and the casing extends out of the water surface. After cleaning the muck and accumulated water in the casing, the explosive cartridge is then placed into the casing to complete the charging of the blast hole. On the one hand, the casing is used to push open the silt and crushed stones on the upper layer of the reef, so as to limit the situation that the silt and crushed stones on the upper layer of the reef pour into the blast hole during the subsequent charging process, causing the blast hole to be blocked and thus affecting the charging of the blast hole. At the same time, by making the top end of the casing extend out of the water surface and pumping out the muck and accumulated water in the casing after the installation of the casing is completed and then installing the explosive cartridge, a relatively dry state can be maintained in the blast hole, which is convenient for smoothly loading the explosive cartridge into the blast hole subsequently, reducing the situation that the explosive cartridge floating occurs due to the influence of the river water in the blast hole, and reducing the charging difficulty of the underwater blast hole.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, when installing the explosive cartridge, first tie the explosive cartridge to the support pipe, and then move the support pipe and the explosive cartridge together into the casing.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, after tying the explosive cartridge to the support pipe in advance and then putting the support pipe and the explosive cartridge together into the blast hole, the charging process of the blast hole is simplified, which is convenient for the centralized loading of the explosive cartridge in the blast hole, and at the same time ensures the uniform distribution of the explosive cartridge in the subsequent blast hole.

[0017] Preferably, a support plate is vertically connected to the bottom end of the support pipe;

[0018] In step S4, when tying the explosive cartridge to the support pipe, abut the bottom end of the explosive cartridge against the support plate.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, through the setting of the support plate, when tying the explosive cartridge to the support pipe subsequently, the support plate can lift the explosive cartridge located at the bottom end of the support pipe to limit the situation that the explosive cartridge tied to the support pipe slips off the support pipe, which is convenient for the explosive cartridge to be tied to the support pipe more firmly; at the same time, the support plate can also limit the explosive cartridge tied to the support pipe to keep the explosive cartridge away from the inner wall of the casing, reducing the situation that the explosive cartridge is damaged and leaked due to frequent contact between the explosive cartridge and the inner peripheral wall of the casing.

[0020] Preferably, through holes are formed in the support plate, and the bottom end of the support pipe is communicated with the through holes;

[0021] In step S4, when connecting the top end of the support pipe to the mud pump and lowering the support pipe and the tied explosive cartridge together into the casing, the accumulated water at the bottom of the casing is pumped out through the cooperation of the mud pump, the support pipe and the through holes in the support plate.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the river water surges back into the blast hole through the gap between the casing and the blast hole, resulting in easy accumulation of water in the casing. The accumulated water is pumped out by using a mud pump in cooperation with the through holes of the support pipe and the support plate, reducing the situation that the subsequent explosive cartridges are difficult to put into the casing due to the accumulated water in the casing or float up after being put in due to the accumulated water.

[0023] Preferably, a flexible sealing ring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the support plate;

[0024] In step S4, when the support plate is put into the casing, the outer periphery of the flexible sealing ring abuts against the inner periphery of the casing.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, during the downward movement of the support plate in the casing, the gap between the outer periphery of the support plate and the inner periphery of the casing can be sealed by the flexible sealing ring on the outer periphery of the support plate, so as to limit the subsequent situation that the accumulated water in the casing seeps out to the support plate through the gap between the outer periphery of the support plate and the inner periphery of the casing, facilitating the mud pump to more thoroughly pump out the accumulated water of the river water surging back into the casing in cooperation with the support pipe and the through holes on the support plate. At the same time, after the subsequent support plate is placed in place, it can limit the external river water from surging into the casing through the gap between the casing and the blast hole, causing water accumulation in the casing and thus affecting the charging of the blast hole and the subsequent blasting effect.

[0026] Preferably, an annular limiting groove is further formed on the outer periphery of the support plate, and the inner periphery of the flexible sealing ring is coaxially embedded in the annular limiting groove.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the annular limiting groove is used for limiting and fixing, reducing the subsequent situation that the flexible sealing ring detaches from the outer periphery of the support plate during the sliding process of the support plate on the inner periphery of the casing.

[0028] Preferably, in step S4, after the explosive cartridges are tied and fixed on the support pipe, the end of the lead wire of the explosive cartridge far away from the explosive cartridge is tied to the top end of the support pipe.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the lead wire is temporarily fixed on the top of the support pipe by using tape, so as to reduce the situation that when the support pipe together with the explosive cartridges is put into the casing, the lead wire slides to the bottom of the casing, resulting in difficulty in connecting the subsequent lead wire with the detonator.

[0030] Preferably, the bottom end of the support pipe is connected to the through hole through a threaded structure.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, on the one hand, the stable connection between the support pipe and the support plate is realized, and on the other hand, during the construction process, the support plate and the support pipe suitable for different specifications and sizes of the casing can be selected, which is beneficial to improving the applicable range of the support pipe and the support plate.

[0032] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] 1. By inserting a casing into the blast hole and making the top of the casing extend out of the water surface, after pumping out the muck and accumulated water in the casing, then putting the explosive cartridges into the casing to complete the charging of the explosive cartridges in the blast hole. On the one hand, it is convenient to keep the blast hole in a relatively dry state, reducing the situation that the explosive cartridges float due to the accumulated water in the blast hole during the subsequent charging process into the blast hole. On the other hand, the silt around the top of the blast hole can be propped open by the casing to reduce the situation that silt and gravel on the reef surface pour into the orifice of the blast hole during the subsequent filling process of the explosive cartridges, affecting the charging operation of the blast hole.

[0034] 2. By tying the explosive cartridges to the support pipe in advance and then putting the support pipe together with the explosive cartridges into the casing, it is realized to neatly and accurately put a number of explosive cartridges to the bottom of the casing, which is convenient for centralized charging of the blast hole.

[0035] 3. During the process of putting the support pipe together with the explosive cartridges to the bottom of the casing, use the mud pump to cooperate with the through holes on the support pipe and the support plate to drain the accumulated water that seeps into the casing through the gap between the casing and the bottom of the blast hole, reducing the situation that the subsequent accumulated water affects the downward filling of the explosive cartridges in the blast hole.

[0036] 4. Through the setting of the flexible sealing ring on the outer periphery of the support plate, on the one hand, during the subsequent downward movement of the support plate, the influx of the accumulated water in the casing through the gap between the support plate and the casing to the upper surface of the support plate can be restricted by the flexible sealing ring, which is convenient for the mud pump to cooperate with the support pipe and the support plate to more thoroughly pump out the accumulated water in the casing. On the other hand, after the support plate is placed in place subsequently, the gap between the outer periphery of the support plate and the inner periphery of the casing can be sealed by the flexible rubber ring to restrict the external river water from flowing into the casing through the gap between the bottom of the casing and the blast hole, causing water accumulation in the casing, so that the subsequent explosive can be detonated in a relatively dry space, which is convenient for improving the blasting effect of the explosive. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the state for installing a casing into a blast hole in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the state for tying an explosive cartridge to a support rod in an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 3 is an exploded view of the support pipe and the support plate in an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the state for putting an explosive cartridge and a support rod into a casing in an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Description of the reference numerals:

[0042] 1. Reef; 10. Blasthole; 2. Casing; 3. Support pipe; 31. Support plate; 310. Through hole; 311. Annular limiting groove; 32. Flexible sealing ring; 4. Explosive cartridge. Detailed implementation manners

[0043] The following further elaborates on this application Figures 1-4 in conjunction with the attached drawings.

[0044] The embodiment of this application discloses a construction method for underwater reef blasting in shallow water, including the following steps:

[0045] S1: Drilling of blastholes 10: Refer to Figure 1 , and the specific steps are as follows:

[0046] S1.1: Cleaning the sundries in the river channel to be constructed by a salvage ship;

[0047] S1.2: Positioning of the drill and blast vessel: After the drill and blast vessel sails to the blasting construction area, it drops the anchor for positioning;

[0048] S1.3: Drilling a number of blastholes 10 on the surface of the underwater reef 1 to be blasted through the drill and blast vessel.

[0049] S2: Installation of the casing 2: Refer to Figure 1 , and the specific steps are as follows:

[0050] S2.1: Hoisting and placing the casing 2 at each blasthole 10 by a floating crane;

[0051] S2.2: Controlling the bucket of the amphibious excavator to squeeze the casing 2 in the blasthole 10 downward until the bottom end of the casing 2 is inserted to the bottom of the blasthole 10.

[0052] Specifically, the casing 2 is made of PVC pipe. During the hoisting and placing process of the casing 2, divers assist in adjusting the position of the casing 2 underwater to ensure that the casing 2 is smoothly inserted into the corresponding blasthole 10.

[0053] S3: Hole cleaning construction: Pumping out the muck and muddy water in the casing 2 to the outside of the casing 2 through a mud pump in cooperation with a suction pipe to clean the muck and accumulated water inside the casing 2.

[0054] S4: Charging of the blasthole 10: The specific steps are as follows:

[0055] S4.1: Pre-fixing of the explosive cartridge 4: Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , binding and fixing the explosive cartridge 4 to the outer periphery of the support pipe 3 with tape, and adhesively bonding one end of the lead wire of the explosive cartridge 4 away from the explosive cartridge 4 to the top end of the support pipe 3.

[0056] Specifically, the explosive cartridge 4 is an emulsion explosive cartridge, and the support pipe 3 is an existing PVC pipe. A support plate 31 is coaxially connected to the bottom end of the support pipe 3. A through hole 310 is provided on the support plate 31. The bottom end of the support pipe 3 is connected to the through hole 310 through a threaded structure, realizing the stable connection between the support pipe 3 and the support plate 31 and the communication between the support pipe 3 and the through hole 310. In step S4.1, when tying the explosive cartridge 4 to the support pipe 3, the bottom end of the explosive cartridge 4 at the bottom of the support pipe 3 is abutted against the upper surface of the support plate 31, so as to assist in supporting the explosive cartridge 4 through the support plate 31, which is beneficial to restricting the explosive cartridge 4 from detaching from the support pipe 3.

[0057] Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , a flexible sealing ring 32 is also coaxially sleeved on the outer periphery of the support plate 31. Specifically, the flexible sealing ring 32 is an O-ring rubber sealing ring; an annular limiting groove 311 is coaxially provided on the outer periphery of the support plate 31, and the inner periphery of the flexible sealing ring 32 is coaxially embedded in the annular limiting groove 311. The annular limiting groove 311 is used to limit and fix the flexible sealing ring 32, so that the flexible sealing ring 32 is not easily detached from the support plate 31.

[0058] S4.2: Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 , move the support pipe 3, embed the support plate 31 at the bottom end of the support pipe 3 into the sleeve 2 and make the flexible sealing ring 32 on the outer periphery of the support plate 31 abut against the inner periphery of the support pipe 3; connect the top end of the support pipe 3 to the mud pump.

[0059] S4.3: The explosive cartridge 4 is installed in place: Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 , lower the support pipe 3 until the support plate 31 at the bottom end of the support pipe 3 moves to the bottom end of the sleeve 2; during the process of lowering the support pipe 3, the accumulated water that has flooded into the sleeve 2 due to the river water passing through the gap between the sleeve 2 and the blast hole 10 is pumped out of the sleeve 2 through the cooperation of the mud pump with the through hole 310 on the support pipe 3 and the support plate 31, so as to better maintain relative dryness in the blast hole 10.

[0060] S4.4: Disconnect the connection between the mud pump and the support pipe 3.

[0061] S4.5: Fill the sleeve 2 with gravel to block the top end of the sleeve 2.

[0062] By tying the explosive cartridge 4 to the support pipe 3 in advance and then lowering the support pipe 3 to centrally move a plurality of explosive cartridges 4 to the bottom of the sleeve 2, it is convenient to accurately install a plurality of explosive cartridges 4 to the bottom of the blast hole 10 at one time, which is beneficial to realizing the centralized charging of the blast hole 10.

[0063] The bottom end of the support tube 3 is connected with a support plate 31. On the one hand, when the support tube 3 is subsequently lowered, the support plate 31 can be used to lift the explosive roll 4 tied to the support tube 3 to achieve auxiliary support for the explosive roll 4, thereby limiting the situation where the explosive roll 4 tied to the support tube 3 slides downward and separates from the support tube 3, which is conducive to making the explosive roll 4 more firmly tied and fixed to the support tube 3. On the other hand, when the support tube 3 is subsequently lowered into the casing 2, the support plate 31 can be used to support several explosive rolls 4 tied to the support tube 3 away from the inner circumference of the casing 2 to limit the wear between the explosive roll 4 and the inner circumference of the casing 2, resulting in damage to the explosive roll 4.

[0064] The bottom end of the support tube 3 is connected to the through hole 310 on the support plate 31, and when the support tube 3 is subsequently lowered into the casing 2, a mud pump is used to cooperate with the support tube 3 and the through hole 310 on the support plate 31 to pump the accumulated water in the casing 2 due to the river water penetrating into the blast hole 10 through the gap between the casing 2 and the blast hole 10 into the casing 2, so that the casing 2 can be better kept in a relatively dry state, which facilitates the lowering of the explosive roll 4 to the bottom of the blast hole 10.

[0065] By setting the flexible sealing ring 32 on the outer periphery of the support plate 31, on the one hand, when the support plate 31 is subsequently lowered into the casing 2, the flexible sealing ring 32 can limit the accumulated water in the casing 2 from flowing out to the upper surface of the support plate 31 through the gap between the support plate 31 and the casing 2. On the other hand, after the support plate 31 is subsequently lowered to the bottom end of the casing 2, the flexible sealing ring 32 can be used to block the gap between the outer periphery of the support plate 31 and the inner periphery of the casing 2, thereby limiting the subsequent river water outside the casing 2 from continuing to penetrate into the bottom of the casing 2 through the gap between the casing 2 and the blasthole 10, causing water accumulation in the casing 2.

[0066] S5: Connect the fuse of the explosive roll 4 to the detonator. By fixing the fuse of the explosive roll 4 to the top of the support tube in advance with adhesive tape, the fuse is temporarily fixed, which effectively reduces the situation where the fuse of the explosive roll 4 slides to the bottom of the casing 2 when the explosive roll 4 is subsequently lowered into the casing 2, causing the fuse of the explosive roll 4 to be connected to the detonator, making it easier to connect the fuse of the explosive roll 4 to the detonator.

[0067] S6: Explosive detonation: The explosive rolls 4 in the blast holes 10 are detonated by the detonator.

[0068] Before detonation, relevant construction vessels will be moved to a safe distance and warning ships will be set up around the blasting construction area before detonation operations are carried out.

[0069] In this application, the charging of the blast hole 10 is completed by inserting a casing 2 into the blast hole 10 and making the top of the casing 2 extend out of the water surface. After cleaning the muck and accumulated water in the casing 2, the explosive cartridge 4 is then sent to the bottom of the casing 2 through the support pipe 3. On the one hand, the muck and accumulated water in the blast hole 10 are pumped out in cooperation with the casing 2, so that the inside of the blast hole 10 can be kept in a relatively dry state, which is convenient for the subsequent lowering of the explosive cartridge 4 and at the same time reduces the floating of the explosive cartridge 4 in the blast hole 10 due to the buoyancy of the river water in the blast hole 10. On the other hand, the silt and crushed stones at the orifice of the blast hole 10 can be supported away from the orifice of the blast hole 10 through the casing 2, restricting the surface crushed stones and silt of the reef 1 from flowing into the blast hole 10 and affecting the charging in the blast hole 10, which is beneficial to reducing the construction difficulty of underwater blast hole 10 charging.

[0070] The above are all the preferred embodiments of this application, and the protection scope of this application is not limited accordingly. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of this application shall be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A shallow water underwater reef blasting construction method, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1: Drilling of blastholes (10): drilling a plurality of blastholes (10) on the surface of the underwater reef (1); S2: Installation of casing (2): inserting casing (2) into each blasthole (10) and making the top of casing (2) protrude out of the water surface; S3: Hole cleaning: cleaning the soil and water inside the casing (2); S4: charging the blast hole (10): filling the casing (2) with an explosive roll (4); S5: Connecting the fuse of the explosive roll (4) to the detonator; S6: Explosive detonation: detonating the explosive rolls (4) in the blast holes (10) at various locations through the detonator; In step S4, when installing the explosive roll (4), firstly tie the explosive roll (4) to the support tube (3), and then move the support tube (3) and the explosive roll (4) together into the casing (2); The bottom end of the support tube (3) is vertically connected to a support plate (31); a through hole (310) is provided on the support plate (31), and the bottom end of the support tube (3) is connected to the through hole (310); a flexible sealing ring (32) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the support plate (31); In step S4, when the explosive roll (4) is tied to the support tube (3), the bottom end of the explosive roll (4) is abutted against the support plate (31); When the support plate (31) is placed in the sleeve (2), the outer periphery of the flexible sealing ring (32) is in contact with the inner periphery of the sleeve (2); The top end of the support pipe (3) is connected to a mud pump, and when the support pipe (3) and the bound explosive roll (4) are lowered into the casing (2), the accumulated water at the bottom of the casing (2) is pumped out by the mud pump in cooperation with the support pipe (3) and the through hole (310) on the support plate (31); The bottom end of the support tube (3) is connected to the through hole (310) via a threaded structure.

2. A shallow water underwater reef blasting construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer circumference of the support plate (31) is also provided with an annular limiting groove (311), and the inner circumference of the flexible sealing ring (32) is coaxially embedded in the annular limiting groove (311).

3. A shallow water underwater reef blasting construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, after the explosive roll (4) is tied and fixed on the support tube (3), the end of the lead of the explosive roll (4) away from the explosive roll (4) is tied to the top of the support tube (3).

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