Tire active mold parameter determination method, device, equipment and readable storage medium

By conducting finite element analysis and stress testing on tire removable molds, the problem of damage to the diameter and vertical joints during use of the mold is solved, the calculation of deformation stress range and the optimization design of the mold structure are realized, and the service life and accuracy of the mold are improved. .

CN118780136BActive Publication Date: 2024-12-31HIMILE MECHANICAL SCI & TECH (SHANDONG) CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202411255432.7
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-09-09
Publication Date
2024-12-31
Estimated Expiration
2044-09-09

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing tire removable molds are prone to caliber damage and vertical joint damage during use. There is a lack of detection methods to accurately analyze the root causes and deformation stress range of these damages, making it difficult to achieve the optimized design of the mold structure.

Method used

By conducting finite element analysis on the virtual model of the tire active mold, the stress test data is obtained, and the difference between the simulation data is less than the preset threshold. If it is less than, the critical value of the deformation stress data will be determined, and the mold parameters will be adjusted to optimize the design.

Benefits of technology

The tire movable mold diameter and vertical joint force detection is achieved, the damage causes are analyzed, the deformation stress range is calculated, the mold deformation probability is reduced, and the mold structural design is optimized.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method, device, equipment and readable storage medium for determining parameters of a tire active mold. By performing finite element analysis on a virtual model of the tire active mold, stress simulation data of each position of the virtual model of the tire active mold is obtained, and stress test data of a target stress test area of ​​the tire active mold is obtained. It is determined whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data of the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold value. If the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold value, the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold is determined based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold. Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present disclosure can measure the critical value of the deformation stress of the mold, which is convenient for optimizing the design of the mold structure.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of tire molds, and in particular to a method, device, equipment and readable storage medium for determining parameters of a tire active mold. Background Art

[0002] Tire flexible mold is a key technical equipment in the tire vulcanization molding process. The mold structure determines its service life and precision.

[0003] The existing tire flexible molds will produce a series of problems during use, such as diameter damage, aluminum sticking, vertical seam damage, etc. Continuing to use the damaged molds will not only cause problems in the produced tires, but also shorten the life of the tire mold itself.

[0004] During the use of tire flexible molds, there is currently no detection method for the mutual force between the diameter and the vertical seam. It can only be estimated theoretically, which makes it difficult to accurately detect or estimate the diameter and vertical seam forces, and it is impossible to analyze the root cause of the diameter and vertical seam damage, nor can it measure the deformation stress range of the mold, which is very unfavorable for the optimization design of the mold structure. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems or at least partially solve the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a method, device, equipment and readable storage medium for determining parameters of a tire active mold, which can detect the force on the diameter and vertical seam, further analyze the root cause of damage to the diameter and vertical seam, and calculate the deformation stress range of the mold, so as to facilitate the optimal design of the mold structure.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for determining parameters of a tire active mold, the method comprising:

[0007] Perform finite element analysis on the virtual model of the tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire flexible mold;

[0008] Acquire stress test data of a target stress test area of ​​a tire active mold, wherein the target stress test area includes a caliber stress test area and a vertical seam stress test area;

[0009] Determine whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data at the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold;

[0010] If the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold is determined based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold.

[0011] In some embodiments, the finite element analysis processing is performed on the virtual model of the tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire flexible mold, including:

[0012] In response to a user's operation of configuring mold parameters of the tire flexible mold virtual model, acquiring mold parameters of the tire flexible mold virtual model;

[0013] The virtual model of the tire active mold is simulated and analyzed according to the mold parameters to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire active mold.

[0014] In some embodiments, the mold parameters include caliber parameters of the pattern block and the side panel, vertical seam parameters between the pattern blocks, material parameters, height parameters of the parting surface between the pattern block and the side panel, thickness parameters of the pattern block, and clamping force parameters.

[0015] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining stress test data of a target stress test area of ​​a tire active mold includes:

[0016] Determine the target stress test area of ​​the tire flexible mold;

[0017] The stress of the target stress test area is measured based on the resistance strain gauge to obtain stress test data of the target stress test area.

[0018] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0019] If the absolute value of the difference is greater than a preset threshold, the mold parameters of the tire active mold virtual model are adjusted, or the target stress test area is adjusted.

[0020] In some embodiments, after determining the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold, the method further includes:

[0021] Performing finite element analysis on the current virtual model of the tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the current virtual model of the tire flexible mold;

[0022] Determine whether the stress simulation data of each position of the current tire active mold virtual model is greater than the deformation stress data critical value;

[0023] If the stress simulation data of each position of the current tire active mold virtual model is greater than the deformation stress data critical value, the mold parameters of the current tire active mold virtual model are adjusted to obtain an adjusted tire active mold virtual model;

[0024] Performing finite element analysis on the adjusted virtual model of the tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the adjusted virtual model of the tire flexible mold;

[0025] If the stress simulation data of each position of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model is less than or equal to the deformation stress data critical value, the target tire active mold is manufactured based on the mold parameters of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model.

[0026] In some embodiments, adjusting mold parameters of the current tire active mold virtual model includes:

[0027] Increase the diameter parameters of the tread blocks and side panels; and / or,

[0028] Increase the vertical seam parameters between tread blocks; and / or,

[0029] Increase the height parameter of the parting surface between the tread block and the side panel; and / or,

[0030] Increase the Tread Block Thickness parameter.

[0031] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a device for determining parameters of a tire active mold, the device comprising:

[0032] A module is obtained, which is used to perform finite element analysis on the virtual model of the tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire flexible mold;

[0033] An acquisition module, used to acquire stress test data of a target stress test area of ​​a tire active mold, wherein the target stress test area includes a caliber stress test area and a vertical seam stress test area;

[0034] A judgment module, used to judge whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data at the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold;

[0035] A determination module is used to determine the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold if the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to a preset threshold.

[0036] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including:

[0037] Memory;

[0038] Processor; and

[0039] Computer programs;

[0040] The computer program is stored in the memory and is configured to be executed by the processor to implement the method as described in the first aspect.

[0041] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method as described in the first aspect.

[0042] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program or instructions, and when the computer program or instructions are executed by a processor, the method described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0043] The tire active mold parameter determination method, device, equipment and readable storage medium provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, by performing finite element analysis on the virtual model of the tire active mold, the stress simulation data of each position of the virtual model of the tire active mold is obtained, and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active mold is obtained, the target stress test area includes the caliber stress test area and the vertical seam stress test area, and the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data of the corresponding position of the target stress test area is judged to be greater than the preset threshold value, if the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold value, then based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold, the deformation stress data critical value of the tire active mold is determined. Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present disclosure can detect the force of the caliber and the vertical seam, further analyze the root cause of the damage of the caliber and the vertical seam, and can calculate the deformation stress range of the mold, so as to apply the deformation stress range to the design process of the mold, predict the possibility of deformation in advance, reduce the probability of deformation during the actual use of the mold, and facilitate the optimization design of the mold structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0046] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for determining parameters of a tire active mold provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 2 A flow chart of a method for determining parameters of a tire active mold provided by another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 3 A flow chart of a method for determining parameters of a tire active mold provided by another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a tire flexible mold provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the distribution of the tread block caliber stress test area provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the distribution of the stress test area of ​​the vertical seam of the tread block provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the tread block aperture slotting and vertical seam slotting provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the wiring of the tread block stress test provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device for determining parameters of a tire active mold provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present disclosure, the scheme of the present disclosure will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0057] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; it is obvious that the embodiments in the specification are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0058] Tire flexible mold is a key technical equipment in the tire vulcanization molding process. The mold structure determines its service life and precision.

[0059] The existing tire flexible molds will produce a series of problems during use, such as diameter damage, aluminum sticking, vertical seam damage, etc. Continuing to use the damaged molds will not only cause problems in the produced tires, but also shorten the life of the tire mold itself.

[0060] During the use of tire flexible molds, there is currently no detection method for the mutual force between the caliber and the vertical seam. It can only be inferred theoretically, which makes it difficult to accurately detect or infer the caliber and vertical seam forces, and it is impossible to analyze the root cause of damage to the caliber and vertical seam, nor to measure the deformation stress range of the mold, which is very unfavorable for the optimization design of the mold structure. In response to this problem, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for determining parameters of a tire flexible mold, which is introduced below in conjunction with a specific embodiment.

[0061] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for determining tire active mold parameters provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method is executed by an electronic device, and the method can be applied to a scenario of detecting the stress of a tire active mold, and can also be applied to a scenario of determining tire active mold parameters. It is understandable that the method for determining tire active mold parameters provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure can also be applied in other scenarios.

[0062] Below Figure 1 The method for determining parameters of the tire active mold shown in the figure is introduced, and the specific steps of the method are as follows:

[0063] S101, performing finite element analysis on a virtual model of a tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire flexible mold.

[0064] In this step, a virtual model of the tire active mold is constructed in the electronic device. The virtual model of the tire active mold can be a three-dimensional model. The virtual model of the tire active mold is further subjected to finite element analysis to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire active mold. The stress simulation data of various positions include stress simulation data of the caliber, stress simulation data of the vertical seam, and stress simulation data of other positions, which are not specifically limited here.

[0065] S102, obtaining stress test data of a target stress test area of ​​a tire active mold, wherein the target stress test area includes a caliber stress test area and a vertical seam stress test area.

[0066] In this step, the electronic device obtains stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active mold. Specifically, the electronic device performs actual detection on the tire active mold, such as performing stress detection on the target stress test area of ​​the tire active mold, and obtains stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active mold. The target stress test area includes a caliber stress test area and a vertical seam stress test area. The caliber stress test area is used to test the stress magnitude of the caliber, and the vertical seam stress test area is used to test the stress magnitude of the vertical seam.

[0067] S103 , determining whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data at a position corresponding to the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold.

[0068] In this step, the electronic device determines whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data at the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold. Optionally, the electronic device determines whether the difference between the stress test data of the caliber stress test area and the stress simulation data at the corresponding position of the caliber stress test area is greater than a preset threshold of caliber stress, and determines whether the difference between the stress test data of the vertical joint stress test area and the stress simulation data at the corresponding position of the vertical joint stress test area is greater than a preset threshold of vertical joint stress.

[0069] S104. If the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold is determined based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold.

[0070] In this step, if it is determined that the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data of the corresponding position of the target stress test area is less than or equal to the preset threshold, it can be considered that the stress simulation data is relatively accurate, and the electronic device determines the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold. Specifically, the electronic device determines the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold by measuring the stress test data of the deformed mold and the non-deformed mold multiple times, that is, when the stress test data is below the critical value of the deformation stress data, the mold is not deformed.

[0071] Optionally, the deformation stress data critical value includes the caliber deformation stress data critical value and the vertical seam deformation stress data critical value. The caliber deformation stress data critical value and the vertical seam deformation stress data critical value may be the same or different, and are not specifically limited here.

[0072] In some embodiments, the preset threshold may be an error range. When the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data at the corresponding position of the target stress test area is within the error range, the stress simulation data may be considered to be relatively accurate, and the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold may be further determined.

[0073] In some embodiments, the method further includes: if the absolute value of the difference is greater than a preset threshold, adjusting mold parameters of the tire active mold virtual model, or adjusting the target stress test area.

[0074] Optionally, if it is determined that the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data at the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold, the electronic device adjusts the mold parameters of the tire active mold virtual model, or adjusts the target stress test area, and continues to execute the process of S101~S103 until the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold, and executes S104.

[0075] The disclosed embodiment performs finite element analysis on the virtual model of the tire active mold to obtain stress simulation data of each position of the virtual model of the tire active mold, obtains stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active mold, and the target stress test area includes a caliber stress test area and a vertical seam stress test area. It is determined whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data of the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold value. If the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold value, the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold is determined based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold. Compared with the prior art, the disclosed embodiment can detect the force of the caliber and the vertical seam, further analyze the root cause of the damage of the caliber and the vertical seam, and can calculate the deformation stress range of the mold, so as to apply the deformation stress range to the design process of the mold, predict the possibility of deformation in advance, reduce the probability of deformation during the actual use of the mold, and facilitate the optimization design of the mold structure.

[0076] Figure 2 A flow chart of a method for determining parameters of a tire active mold provided by another embodiment of the present disclosure, such as Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0077] S201. In response to a user's operation of configuring mold parameters of a virtual model of a tire flexible mold, the mold parameters of the virtual model of the tire flexible mold are acquired.

[0078] In this step, the user may configure the mold parameters of the virtual model of the tire active mold, and the electronic device obtains the mold parameters of the virtual model of the tire active mold in response to the user's operation of configuring the mold parameters of the virtual model of the tire active mold.

[0079] In some embodiments, the mold parameters include caliber parameters of the pattern block and the side panel, vertical seam parameters between the pattern blocks, material parameters, height parameters of the parting surface between the pattern block and the side panel, thickness parameters of the pattern block, and clamping force parameters.

[0080] like Figure 4As shown, the tire flexible mold includes a mounting ring, an upper side plate, an upper cover, an upper steel ring, a tread block, a guide ring, a slider, a base, a lower side plate, and a lower steel ring.

[0081] S202, performing simulation analysis on the virtual model of the tire active mold according to the mold parameters to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire active mold.

[0082] In this step, after obtaining the mold parameters of the tire active mold virtual model, the electronic device simulates and analyzes the tire active mold virtual model according to the mold parameters to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the tire active mold virtual model.

[0083] S203, determining a target stress test area of ​​the tire active mold.

[0084] In this step, the electronic device determines the target stress test area of ​​the tire active mold.

[0085] In some embodiments, a target stress test area is selected on the tire active mold, and the target stress test area is set on the pattern block. The number of pattern blocks can be selected as a single block or multiple blocks. The number and distribution positions of the target stress test areas can be arranged according to the specific size of the pattern block.

[0086] For example, when one tread block is selected, any tread block on the tire active mold can be selected, preferably the one directly in front; when two tread blocks are selected, two adjacent tread blocks directly in front are preferred, or tread blocks spaced 1 to 3 apart or symmetrically distributed can be selected according to the situation; Figure 5 As shown, radial refers to the direction perpendicular to the arc, and circumferential refers to the direction parallel to the arc. When the number of pattern blocks is 1 or 2, the radial caliber stress test area can be distributed in 3 locations along the radial direction, with an interval of 3mm between each location, the first location is 5~10mm away from the caliber end face, and 3 locations are distributed along the circumferential direction, with uniform size distribution; the circumferential caliber stress test area can be distributed in 3 locations along the radial direction, with an interval of 5mm between each location, the first location is 3~5mm away from the caliber end face, and 5 locations are distributed along the circumferential direction, the left and right locations of the circumference are 2~3mm away from the vertical seam, and the remaining 3 locations are evenly distributed according to size.

[0087] For example, when the number of pattern blocks is 3, three adjacent blocks in the front are preferred, or they are spaced according to the situation; when the number of pattern blocks is 4, four adjacent blocks in the front or evenly distributed circumferentially are preferred. When the number of pattern blocks is 3 or 4, the radial caliber stress test area is distributed at 2 locations along the radial direction, each with an interval of 3 to 5 mm, the first location is 5 to 10 mm away from the caliber end face, and 3 locations are distributed circumferentially, with uniform size distribution; the circumferential caliber stress test area is distributed at 2 locations along the radial direction, each with an interval of 5 mm, the first location is 3 to 5 mm away from the caliber end face, and 3 locations are distributed circumferentially, the left and right locations are 2 to 3 mm away from the vertical seam, and the remaining location is set at the center.

[0088] It should be noted that no matter whether a single or multiple pattern blocks are selected, they can be arranged radially and circumferentially according to the actual size of the pattern blocks to ensure that they are distributed in ≥2 places in the radial direction and ≥3 places in the circumferential direction.

[0089] like Figure 6 As shown, the axial direction is the direction parallel to the vertical seam direction. The vertical seam stress test areas of the tread block can be distributed at three locations along the axial direction, preferably at a position about 3 to 5 mm away from the vertical seam. Among the three test areas, two are close to the shoulder position, and one is located at the center of the tread block. The test areas are symmetrically distributed between the left and right vertical seams.

[0090] S204 , measuring the stress of the target stress test area based on the resistance strain gauge to obtain stress test data of the target stress test area.

[0091] In this step, the electronic device measures the stress of the target stress test area through a resistance strain gauge to obtain stress test data of the target stress test area. Specifically, the resistance strain gauge is pasted at the position of the stress test area to detect the force magnitude at the corresponding position.

[0092] To ensure the use of resistance strain gauges, it is necessary to make a smooth groove in the target stress test area according to the specific size of the tread block. Figure 7 As shown, in the aperture stress test area, the slot depth is 15~20mm, radially across the aperture end face, and the slot width is ≥5 times the size of the resistance strain gauge; in the vertical seam stress test area, the slot is opened from the back of the pattern block to the empty knife of the vertical seam, and the slot width is ≥5 times the size of the resistance strain gauge, and a lead-out slot for the stress test signal line is reserved.

[0093] In order to adapt to the operating conditions of the tire mold, a resistance strain gauge that meets the actual operating temperature conditions can be selected. When selecting the resistance strain gauge patch method, 2 working pieces of a half-bridge are preferred, and 1 working piece of a half-bridge, 4 working pieces of a quarter-bridge and a full-bridge can also be selected.

[0094] The stress test signal line needs to be led out of the mold and connected to the signal receiver. The stress test signal line should not affect the normal opening and closing and vulcanization of the mold when it is led out. The schematic diagram of the pattern block stress test wiring is as follows: Figure 8 shown.

[0095] S205 , determining whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data at a position corresponding to the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold.

[0096] Specifically, the implementation process and principle of S205 and S103 are the same, and will not be repeated here.

[0097] S206. If the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold is determined based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold.

[0098] Specifically, the implementation process and principle of S206 and S104 are the same, and will not be repeated here.

[0099] S207: If the absolute value of the difference is greater than a preset threshold, adjusting mold parameters of the tire active mold virtual model, or adjusting the target stress test area.

[0100] Optionally, if it is determined that the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data at the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold, the electronic device adjusts the mold parameters of the tire active mold virtual model, or adjusts the target stress test area, and continues to execute the process of S201~S205 until the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold, and executes S207.

[0101] The disclosed embodiment obtains the mold parameters of the virtual model of the tire active mold in response to the user's operation of configuring the mold parameters of the virtual model of the tire active mold, simulates and analyzes the virtual model of the tire active mold according to the mold parameters, and obtains the stress simulation data of each position of the virtual model of the tire active mold. Further, the target stress test area of ​​the tire active mold is determined, and the stress of the target stress test area is measured based on the resistance strain gauge to obtain the stress test data of the target stress test area. It is judged whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data of the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than the preset threshold. If the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold is determined based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold; if the absolute value of the difference is greater than the preset threshold, the mold parameters of the virtual model of the tire active mold are adjusted, or the target stress test area is adjusted. Through this method, the stress on the outlet diameter and vertical seam can be detected, the root cause of the damage to the diameter and vertical seam can be further analyzed, the deformation stress range of the mold can be calculated, and the optimization design of the mold structure can be facilitated.

[0102] Figure 3 A flow chart of a method for determining parameters of a tire active mold provided by another embodiment of the present disclosure, such as Figure 3 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0103] S301, performing finite element analysis on a virtual model of a tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire flexible mold.

[0104] Specifically, the implementation process and principle of S301 and S101 are the same, and will not be repeated here.

[0105] S302, obtaining stress test data of a target stress test area of ​​a tire active mold, wherein the target stress test area includes a caliber stress test area and a vertical seam stress test area.

[0106] Specifically, the implementation process and principle of S302 and S102 are the same, and will not be repeated here.

[0107] S303: Determine whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data at the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold.

[0108] Specifically, the implementation process and principle of S303 and S103 are the same, and will not be repeated here.

[0109] S304. If the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold is determined based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold.

[0110] Specifically, the implementation process and principle of S304 and S104 are the same, and will not be repeated here.

[0111] S305, performing finite element analysis on the current virtual model of the tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the current virtual model of the tire flexible mold.

[0112] In this step, the electronic device performs finite element analysis on the current virtual model of the tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the current virtual model of the tire flexible mold.

[0113] S306, determining whether the stress simulation data of each position of the current tire active mold virtual model is greater than the deformation stress data critical value.

[0114] Further, the electronic device determines whether the stress simulation data of each position of the current tire active mold virtual model is greater than the deformation stress data critical value, and if so, executes S307 and steps after S307.

[0115] S307: If the stress simulation data of each position of the current tire flexible mold virtual model is greater than the deformation stress data critical value, the mold parameters of the current tire flexible mold virtual model are adjusted to obtain an adjusted tire flexible mold virtual model.

[0116] If it is determined that the stress simulation data of each position of the current tire active mold virtual model is greater than the deformation stress data critical value, the electronic device adjusts the mold parameters of the current tire active mold virtual model to obtain the adjusted tire active mold virtual model.

[0117] In some embodiments, adjusting mold parameters of the current tire active mold virtual model in S307 may include but is not limited to S3071, S3072, S3073, and S3074:

[0118] S3071, increase the diameter parameters of the tread blocks and side panels;

[0119] S3072, increasing the vertical seam parameters between the tread blocks;

[0120] S3073, increase the height parameter of the parting surface between the tread block and the side panel;

[0121] S3074. Increase the tread block thickness parameter.

[0122] S308, performing finite element analysis on the adjusted virtual model of the tire active mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the adjusted virtual model of the tire active mold.

[0123] In this step, after obtaining the adjusted virtual model of the tire active mold, the electronic device performs finite element analysis on the adjusted virtual model of the tire active mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the adjusted virtual model of the tire active mold.

[0124] S309: If the stress simulation data of each position of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model is less than or equal to the deformation stress data critical value, a target tire active mold is manufactured based on the mold parameters of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model.

[0125] If the stress simulation data of each position of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model is less than or equal to the critical value of the deformation stress data, it means that the adjusted tire active mold virtual model can meet the stress requirements, and then the target tire active mold is manufactured based on the mold parameters of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model.

[0126] The disclosed embodiment performs finite element analysis on the virtual model of the tire active mold to obtain stress simulation data of each position of the virtual model of the tire active mold, and obtains stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active mold, wherein the target stress test area includes a caliber stress test area and a vertical seam stress test area. Further, it is determined whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data of the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold value. If the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold value, the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold is determined based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold. Next, the current virtual model of the tire active mold is subjected to finite element analysis to obtain stress simulation data of each position of the current virtual model of the tire active mold, and it is determined whether the stress simulation data of each position of the current virtual model of the tire active mold is greater than the critical value of the deformation stress data. If the stress simulation data of each position of the current tire active mold virtual model is greater than the critical value of the deformation stress data, the mold parameters of the current tire active mold virtual model are adjusted to obtain the adjusted tire active mold virtual model, and the adjusted tire active mold virtual model is subjected to finite element analysis to obtain the stress simulation data of each position of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model. Furthermore, if the stress simulation data of each position of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model is less than or equal to the critical value of the deformation stress data, the target tire active mold is manufactured based on the mold parameters of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model. Compared with the prior art, the disclosed embodiment can detect the force of the caliber and the vertical seam, further analyze the root cause of the damage of the caliber and the vertical seam, calculate the deformation stress range of the mold, and adjust the parameters of the mold so that the stress of each position of the mold is less than or equal to the critical value of the deformation stress data, reduce the probability of deformation of the mold during actual use, and better optimize the mold structure.

[0127] Fig. 9 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus for determining parameters of a tire active mold provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus for determining parameters of a tire active mold may be a resource management system as described in the above embodiment, or the apparatus for determining parameters of a tire active mold may be a component or assembly in the resource management system. The apparatus for determining parameters of a tire active mold provided in an embodiment of the present invention may execute the processing flow provided in the embodiment of the method for determining parameters of a tire active mold, such as Fig. 9As shown, the tire active mold parameter determination device 40 includes: an obtaining module 41, an acquisition module 42, a judgment module 43, and a determination module 44; wherein the obtaining module 41 is used to perform finite element analysis processing on the tire active mold virtual model to obtain stress simulation data of each position of the tire active mold virtual model; the acquisition module 42 is used to obtain stress test data of a target stress test area of ​​the tire active mold, and the target stress test area includes a caliber stress test area and a vertical seam stress test area; the judgment module 43 is used to judge whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data of the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold; the determination module 44 is used to determine the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold if the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold.

[0128] Optionally, when the obtaining module 41 performs finite element analysis on the virtual model of the tire active mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire active mold, it is specifically used to: obtain the mold parameters of the virtual model of the tire active mold in response to the user's operation of configuring the mold parameters of the virtual model of the tire active mold; and perform simulation analysis on the virtual model of the tire active mold according to the mold parameters to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire active mold.

[0129] Optionally, the mold parameters include caliber parameters of the pattern block and the side panel, vertical seam parameters between the pattern blocks, material parameters, height parameters of the parting surface between the pattern block and the side panel, thickness parameters of the pattern block, and clamping force parameters.

[0130] Optionally, when the acquisition module 42 acquires the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active mold, it is specifically used to: determine the target stress test area of ​​the tire active mold; measure the stress of the target stress test area based on the resistance strain gauge to obtain the stress test data of the target stress test area.

[0131] Optionally, the determination module 44 is further configured to: if the absolute value of the difference is greater than a preset threshold, adjust mold parameters of the tire active mold virtual model, or adjust a target stress test area.

[0132] Optionally, after determining the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold, the device 40 also includes: an adjustment module 45 and a design module 46; the adjustment module 45 is used to perform finite element analysis on the current tire active mold virtual model to obtain stress simulation data of each position of the current tire active mold virtual model; determine whether the stress simulation data of each position of the current tire active mold virtual model is greater than the critical value of the deformation stress data; if the stress simulation data of each position of the current tire active mold virtual model is greater than the critical value of the deformation stress data, adjust the mold parameters of the current tire active mold virtual model to obtain the adjusted tire active mold virtual model; perform finite element analysis on the adjusted tire active mold virtual model to obtain the stress simulation data of each position of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model; the design module 46 is used to manufacture the target tire active mold based on the mold parameters of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model if the stress simulation data of each position of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model is less than or equal to the critical value of the deformation stress data.

[0133] Optionally, when the adjustment module 45 adjusts the mold parameters of the current tire active mold virtual model, it is specifically used to: increase the caliber parameters of the pattern blocks and the side panels; and / or, increase the vertical seam parameters between the pattern blocks; and / or, increase the height parameters of the parting surface between the pattern blocks and the side panels; and / or, increase the thickness parameters of the pattern blocks.

[0134] Fig. 9 The tire active mold parameter determination device of the illustrated embodiment can be used to implement the technical solution of the above-mentioned method embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0135] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device in the embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.10 , which shows a structural schematic diagram of an electronic device 600 suitable for implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig.10 The electronic device shown is only an example and should not bring any limitation to the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0136] like Fig.10As shown, the electronic device 600 may include a processing device (e.g., a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, etc.) 601, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 602 or a program loaded from a storage device 608 to a random access memory (RAM) 603 to implement the tire active mold parameter determination method of the embodiment described in the present disclosure. In the RAM 603, various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 600 are also stored. The processing device 601, the ROM 602, and the RAM 603 are connected to each other via a bus 604. An input / output (I / O) interface 605 is also connected to the bus 604.

[0137] Typically, the following devices may be connected to the I / O interface 605: an input device 606 including, for example, a touch screen, a touch pad, a keyboard, a mouse, a camera, a microphone, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, etc.; an output device 607 including, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a speaker, a vibrator, etc.; a storage device 608 including, for example, a magnetic tape, a hard disk, etc.; and a communication device 609. The communication device 609 may allow the electronic device 600 to communicate with other devices wirelessly or by wire to exchange data. Although Fig.10 The electronic device 600 is shown with various devices, but it should be understood that it is not required to implement or possess all the devices shown. More or fewer devices may be implemented or possessed instead.

[0138] In particular, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the process described above with reference to the flowchart can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a computer program product, which includes a computer program carried on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, and the computer program contains a program code for executing the method shown in the flowchart, thereby implementing the tire active mold parameter determination method as described above. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from the network through the communication device 609, or installed from the storage device 608, or installed from the ROM 602. When the computer program is executed by the processing device 601, the above-mentioned functions defined in the method of the embodiment of the present disclosure are executed.

[0139] It should be noted that the computer-readable medium mentioned above in the present disclosure may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium or any combination of the above two. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device or device, or any combination of the above. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above. In the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in combination with an instruction execution system, device or device. In the present disclosure, a computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in a baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carries a computer-readable program code. This propagated data signal may take a variety of forms, including but not limited to an electromagnetic signal, an optical signal, or any suitable combination of the above. Computer readable signal media may also be any computer readable medium other than computer readable storage media, which may send, propagate or transmit a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus or device. The program code contained on the computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wires, optical cables, RF (radio frequency), etc., or any suitable combination of the above.

[0140] In some embodiments, the client and the server may communicate using any currently known or future developed network protocol such as HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), and may be interconnected with any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include a local area network ("LAN"), a wide area network ("WAN"), an internet (e.g., the Internet), and a peer-to-peer network (e.g., an ad hoc peer-to-peer network), as well as any currently known or future developed network.

[0141] The computer-readable medium may be included in the electronic device, or may exist independently without being incorporated into the electronic device.

[0142] The computer-readable medium carries one or more programs. When the one or more programs are executed by the electronic device, the electronic device:

[0143] Perform finite element analysis on the virtual model of the tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire flexible mold;

[0144] Acquire stress test data of a target stress test area of ​​a tire active mold, wherein the target stress test area includes a caliber stress test area and a vertical seam stress test area;

[0145] Determine whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data at the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold;

[0146] If the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold is determined based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold.

[0147] Optionally, when the above one or more programs are executed by the electronic device, the electronic device may also execute other steps described in the above embodiments.

[0148] Computer program code for performing the operations of the present disclosure may be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof, including, but not limited to, object-oriented programming languages, such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as "C" or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a separate software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0149] The flow chart and block diagram in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible architecture, function and operation of the system, method and computer program product according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each square box in the flow chart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment or a part of a code, and the module, the program segment or a part of the code contains one or more executable instructions for realizing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some implementations as replacements, the functions marked in the square box can also occur in a sequence different from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two square boxes represented in succession can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each square box in the block diagram and / or flow chart, and the combination of the square boxes in the block diagram and / or flow chart can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or operation, or can be implemented with a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0150] The units involved in the embodiments described in the present disclosure may be implemented by software or hardware, wherein the name of a unit does not, in some cases, limit the unit itself.

[0151] The functions described above herein may be performed at least in part by one or more hardware logic components. For example, exemplary types of hardware logic components that may be used include, without limitation, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), systems on chips (SOCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and the like.

[0152] In the context of the present disclosure, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or equipment. A machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A more specific example of a machine-readable storage medium may include an electrical connection based on one or more lines, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0153] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and an explanation of the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of disclosure involved in the present disclosure is not limited to the technical solutions formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the above disclosed concept. For example, the above features are replaced with the technical features with similar functions disclosed in the present disclosure (but not limited to) by each other to form a technical solution.

[0154] In addition, although each operation is described in a specific order, this should not be understood as requiring these operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in a sequential order. Under certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, although some specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Some features described in the context of a separate embodiment can also be implemented in a single embodiment in combination. On the contrary, the various features described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments individually or in any suitable sub-combination mode.

[0155] Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological logical actions, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. On the contrary, the specific features and actions described above are merely example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining parameters of a tire active mold, characterized in that: The method comprises: Perform finite element analysis on the virtual model of the tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire flexible mold; Acquire stress test data of a target stress test area of ​​a tire active mold, wherein the target stress test area includes a caliber stress test area and a vertical seam stress test area; Determine whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data at the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold; If the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold is determined based on the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and the stress test data of the target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold; After determining the critical value of the deformation stress data of the tire active mold, the method further includes: Performing finite element analysis on the current virtual model of the tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the current virtual model of the tire flexible mold; Determine whether the stress simulation data of each position of the current tire active mold virtual model is greater than the deformation stress data critical value; If the stress simulation data of each position of the current tire active mold virtual model is greater than the deformation stress data critical value, the mold parameters of the current tire active mold virtual model are adjusted to obtain an adjusted tire active mold virtual model; Performing finite element analysis on the adjusted virtual model of the tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the adjusted virtual model of the tire flexible mold; If the stress simulation data of each position of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model is less than or equal to the deformation stress data critical value, then manufacturing the target tire active mold based on the mold parameters of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model; The step of adjusting mold parameters of the current tire active mold virtual model includes: Increase the diameter parameters of the tread blocks and side panels; and / or, Increase the vertical seam parameters between tread blocks; and / or, Increase the height parameter of the parting surface between the tread block and the side panel; and / or, Increase the Tread Block Thickness parameter.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The finite element analysis processing is performed on the virtual model of the tire active mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire active mold, including: In response to a user's operation of configuring mold parameters of the tire flexible mold virtual model, acquiring mold parameters of the tire flexible mold virtual model; The virtual model of the tire active mold is simulated and analyzed according to the mold parameters to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire active mold.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The mold parameters include the caliber parameters of the pattern block and the side panel, the vertical seam parameters of the pattern block and the pattern block, the material parameters, the height parameters of the parting surface between the pattern block and the side panel, the thickness parameters of the pattern block, and the clamping force parameters.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining stress test data of a target stress test area of ​​a tire active mold includes: Determine the target stress test area of ​​the tire flexible mold; The stress of the target stress test area is measured based on the resistance strain gauge to obtain stress test data of the target stress test area.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: If the absolute value of the difference is greater than a preset threshold, the mold parameters of the tire active mold virtual model are adjusted, or the target stress test area is adjusted.

6. A tire active mold parameter determination device, characterized in that: include: A module is obtained, which is used to perform finite element analysis on the virtual model of the tire flexible mold to obtain stress simulation data of various positions of the virtual model of the tire flexible mold; An acquisition module, used to acquire stress test data of a target stress test area of ​​a tire active mold, wherein the target stress test area includes a caliber stress test area and a vertical seam stress test area; A judgment module, used to judge whether the absolute value of the difference between the stress test data of the target stress test area and the stress simulation data at the corresponding position of the target stress test area is greater than a preset threshold; A determination module, configured to determine a critical value of deformation stress data of the tire active mold based on stress test data of a target stress test area of ​​the tire active deformation mold and stress test data of a target stress test area of ​​the tire active non-deformed mold if the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to a preset threshold; The device also includes: an adjustment module and a design module; The adjustment module is used to perform finite element analysis on the current virtual model of the tire active mold to obtain stress simulation data of each position of the current virtual model of the tire active mold; determine whether the stress simulation data of each position of the current virtual model of the tire active mold is greater than the critical value of the deformation stress data; if the stress simulation data of each position of the current virtual model of the tire active mold is greater than the critical value of the deformation stress data, adjust the mold parameters of the current virtual model of the tire active mold to obtain the adjusted virtual model of the tire active mold; perform finite element analysis on the adjusted virtual model of the tire active mold to obtain stress simulation data of each position of the adjusted virtual model of the tire active mold; The design module is used for manufacturing a target tire active mold based on mold parameters of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model if the stress simulation data of each position of the adjusted tire active mold virtual model is less than or equal to the deformation stress data critical value; When the adjustment module adjusts the mold parameters of the current tire active mold virtual model, it is specifically used to: increase the caliber parameters of the pattern blocks and the side panels; and / or, increase the vertical seam parameters between the pattern blocks; and / or, increase the height parameters of the parting surface between the pattern blocks and the side panels; and / or, increase the thickness parameters of the pattern blocks.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: Memory; processor; as well as Computer programs; The computer program is stored in the memory and is configured to be executed by the processor to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.