Display modules and electronic devices

Abstract

The present application provides a display module and an electronic device, which can be applied to an electronic device, and the display module includes a light-emitting layer, an encapsulation layer, a first light-transmitting layer, a pixel expansion layer, a second light-transmitting layer and an anti-glare structure layer stacked along the light-emitting direction, wherein the pixel expansion layer has a first material and a second material, the first material has a first refractive index, the second material has a second refractive index, and the difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is the first refractive index difference; the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer is a first distance, and the range of the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference is 15μm-200μm. In the present application, by limiting the range of the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference, the light after passing through the pixel expansion layer, its equivalent pixel magnification effect meets the minimum requirement for achieving a low display flash point, and can achieve a high image clarity while achieving a low flash point.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of image display technology, and more specifically, to a display module and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] As the most important terminal human-computer interaction hardware, the screen plays an irreplaceable role in daily communication and office scenarios. Nowadays, with the increasing number of display usage scenarios, consumers have begun to pay attention to the impact of the display on visual health. Reducing the visual fatigue caused by the naked eye when watching the screen has become one of the mainstream design directions of advanced displays. This includes a series of display device designs such as low blue light, no flicker, low reflection, and anti-glare. Among them, anti-glare technology focuses on reducing or eliminating the glare effect caused by the screen reflecting ambient light through the mirror.

[0003] At present, an anti-glare cover is usually used on the screen to reduce the glare effect of the screen. The main function of the anti-glare cover is to achieve diffuse reflection through the surface microstructure scattering principle. However, the anti-glare cover will scatter the light emitted by the light-emitting layer, causing uneven light crosstalk between different sub-pixels, resulting in visual flash point problems.

[0004] If you want to solve the flash point problem, you usually control the haze parameters in the anti-glare structure of the anti-glare cover during the production process, so that the light emitted from the luminous layer can have a uniform light mixing effect to a certain extent. However, this method will seriously reduce the clarity of the displayed image, so a single anti-glare cover solution cannot take into account both low flash point and high clarity. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a display module and an electronic device, which can achieve a low flash point while achieving a high image clarity.

[0006] In a first aspect, a display module is provided, which includes a light-emitting layer, an encapsulation layer, a first light-transmitting layer, a pixel expansion layer, a second light-transmitting layer and an anti-glare structure layer stacked along a light-emitting direction, wherein the pixel expansion layer has a first material and a second material, the first material has a first refractive index, the second material has a second refractive index, and the difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is a first refractive index difference; the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer is a first distance, and the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference is in the range of 15μm-200μm.

[0007] Exemplarily, the pixel expansion layer has an internal refractive index change, and the pixel expansion layer can be formed of at least two materials with different refractive indices. For example, the pixel expansion layer includes a first material and a second material, the first material has a first refractive index, the second material has a second refractive index, and the difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is a first refractive index difference. For example, the first refractive index can be the maximum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer, the second refractive index can be the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer, and the first refractive index difference can be the refractive index difference between the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer. Exemplarily, the value range of the first refractive index difference can be 0.005-0.4. Exemplarily, the thickness of the pixel expansion layer is between 20μm-400μm.

[0008] Exemplarily, the light-emitting layer may include a substrate, a driving circuit (such as a thin-film transistor driving circuit), an anode layer, a light-emitting unit and a cathode layer stacked along the light-emitting direction. If the topmost layer of the light-emitting layer is the cathode layer, the first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer can be considered as: the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer and the upper surface of the cathode layer of the light-emitting layer.

[0009] It should be understood that the pixel expansion layer can mainly play the role of reducing the flash point, that is, by setting a pixel expansion layer with a pixel expansion effect, the light emitted by the light-emitting layer is evenly mixed by the pixel expansion layer before entering the anti-glare structure layer, thereby reducing the light crosstalk (flash point) problem caused by the anti-glare structure layer.

[0010] If the pixel enlargement layer is too far away from the light-emitting layer, the equivalent pixel magnification effect it brings will make the pixel imaging too large. Although it can bring a lower flash point, it will seriously affect the picture clarity. Correspondingly, if it is too close, the pixel magnification effect will not be achieved. Although the clarity can be guaranteed, the low flash point effect cannot be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to specify its specific optimal placement position according to the optical effect of the pixel enlargement layer (mainly manifested as the internal refractive index difference Δn) and the distance from it to the upper surface of the light-emitting layer (i.e., the first distance d), so as to achieve the most optimized stacked architecture design. At the same time, the optimized design can also make corresponding changes according to the effect of the anti-glare structural layer, so as to realize the design of a high-definition, low-flash-point, anti-glare display system. In order to obtain the best display effect, it is required that there is a specific optical path between the light-emitting layer and the pixel enlargement layer, so that the optimal screen clarity and the flash point suppression effect can be obtained under such a design.

[0011] In the embodiment of the present application, the flash point can be lowered by adding a pixel amplification layer. By limiting the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference within a preset range (i.e., 15μm-200μm), the equivalent pixel amplification effect of the light after passing through the pixel amplification layer meets the minimum requirement for achieving a low display flash point without excessively sacrificing image display clarity, thereby achieving a higher image clarity while achieving a low flash point.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the pixel expansion layer is used to enlarge the pixel, and the area of ​​the enlarged pixel is between 1.3 and 3 times the area of ​​the original pixel. That is, the original pixel area A0 and the area A1 of the pixel enlarged by the pixel expansion layer (or the circumscribed circle of the enlarged pixel) satisfy the following relationship: 1.3*A0≤A1≤3*A0.

[0013] In the embodiment of the present application, the pixel expansion layer can be used to enlarge the pixels, that is, the pixel expansion layer has a pixel magnification effect, and the enlarged pixel area is between 1.3 times and 3 times the original pixel area, which can achieve higher image clarity.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first light-transmitting layer includes a first adhesive layer, a first polarizer, and a second adhesive layer stacked along the light-emitting direction; the first adhesive layer is located between the encapsulation layer and the first polarizer, and the second adhesive layer is located between the first polarizer and the pixel expansion layer. The first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer may be made of optically transparent glue.

[0015] In the embodiment of the present application, when a polarizer structure is adopted, a polarizer (circular polarizer or linear polarizer) can be arranged in the first light-transmitting layer, and the two sides of the polarizer are fixedly connected to other layers through an adhesive layer.

[0016] In some possible cases, when the first refractive index difference of the pixel expansion layer is small, in order to satisfy that the range of the product of the first refractive index difference and the first distance is within a preset range, it is necessary to increase the first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer, that is, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the encapsulation layer and the first light-transmitting layer. The thickness of the encapsulation layer is generally fixed, so a multi-layer structure can be set in the first light-transmitting layer to increase the first distance. In this case, a polarizer or a multi-layer adhesive layer or other light-transmitting structure can be set in the first light-transmitting layer to meet the requirements of the first distance.

[0017] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the second light-transmitting layer includes a third adhesive layer, a second polarizer, and a fourth adhesive layer stacked along the light-emitting direction; the third adhesive layer is located between the pixel expansion layer and the second polarizer, and the fourth adhesive layer is located between the second polarizer and the anti-glare structure layer. The third adhesive layer and the fourth adhesive layer may be made of optically transparent glue.

[0018] In the embodiment of the present application, when a polarizer structure is adopted, a polarizer (circular polarizer or linear polarizer) can be arranged in the second light-transmitting layer, and the two sides of the polarizer are fixedly connected to other layers through an adhesive layer.

[0019] In some possible cases, the internal structure of the pixel expansion layer is, for example, a grating structure. In this case, a polarizer can be set in the second light-transmitting layer, that is, the polarizer is set above the pixel expansion layer, so as to reduce the grating diffraction patterns caused by light passing through the pixel expansion layer.

[0020] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the display module further includes a touch circuit layer, and the touch circuit layer is located between the encapsulation layer and the first light-transmitting layer.

[0021] In the embodiment of the present application, in the polarizer structure, the touch circuit layer can be arranged between the encapsulation layer and the first light-transmitting layer, or the touch circuit layer can also be arranged inside the encapsulation layer. By integrating the touch circuit layer into the display module or display panel, the direct interaction function of the user interface can be realized.

[0022] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the display module further includes a filter membrane, and the filter membrane is located between the encapsulation layer and the first light-transmitting layer.

[0023] In the embodiment of the present application, when the non-polarizer technology is adopted, the traditional polarizer can be replaced by a filter film (i.e., a color film), which can improve the light output efficiency and display color gamut of the display module, and achieve low power consumption characteristics and lightness and thinness.

[0024] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the display module further includes a cover plate and a third light-transmitting layer, the third light-transmitting layer is located between the cover plate and the filter membrane, and is used to bond the cover plate and the filter membrane; the cover plate is located between the third light-transmitting layer and the first light-transmitting layer. Exemplarily, the third light-transmitting layer can be a film layer with an adhesive effect and a certain light transmittance.

[0025] In an embodiment of the present application, when a non-polarizer technology is used, the display module may further include a cover plate and a third light-transmitting layer. The third light-transmitting layer can be used to bond the cover plate and the filter film. The cover plate is located between the third light-transmitting layer and the first light-transmitting layer and can play a protective role.

[0026] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first light-transmitting layer and the second light-transmitting layer are both adhesive layers for bonding upper and lower layers. Exemplarily, the first light-transmitting layer and the second light-transmitting layer may also be other light-transmitting structural layers with a certain bonding effect.

[0027] In the embodiment of the present application, in the non-polarizer architecture, there is no need to set a polarizer, and the first light-transmitting layer and the second light-transmitting layer can be adhesive layers for bonding the upper and lower layers. That is, the first light-transmitting layer is located between the pixel expansion layer and the encapsulation layer, and is used to bond the pixel expansion layer and the encapsulation layer; the second light-transmitting layer is located between the pixel expansion layer and the anti-glare structure layer, and is used to bond the pixel expansion layer and the anti-glare structure layer.

[0028] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the average transmission haze of the first light-transmitting layer and / or the second light-transmitting layer is less than or equal to 5%. It should be understood that the average transmission haze can be understood as the average value of the transmission haze.

[0029] In the embodiment of the present application, by limiting the average transmission haze of the first light-transmitting layer and the second light-transmitting layer, excessive scattering will not occur when light passes through the first light-transmitting layer and the second light-transmitting layer, thereby avoiding affecting the image clarity.

[0030] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the display module further includes a touch circuit layer, and the touch circuit layer is located between the packaging layer and the filter membrane.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present application, in the non-polarizer architecture, the touch circuit layer can be arranged between the encapsulation layer and the filter film (i.e., the color film), or the touch circuit layer can also be arranged inside the encapsulation layer. By integrating the touch circuit layer into the display module or display panel, the direct interaction function of the user interface can be realized.

[0032] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the display module further includes an anti-reflection structure layer, and the anti-reflection structure layer is located on a side of the anti-glare structure layer away from the light-emitting layer.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present application, by providing an anti-reflection structure layer on the side of the anti-glare structure layer away from the light-emitting layer, the reflectivity of the screen surface can be reduced, so that when external light is irradiated on the screen, it can penetrate the screen more or be scattered, rather than being directly reflected back to the viewer's eyes. In this way, the specular reflection effect caused by ambient light can be reduced, making the screen content more clearly visible under various lighting conditions.

[0034] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the display module further includes an oleophobic coating, and the oleophobic coating is located on a side of the anti-glare structure layer away from the light-emitting layer.

[0035] In the embodiment of the present application, by providing an oleophobic coating on the side of the anti-glare structure layer away from the light-emitting layer, the purposes of preventing dirt and making the screen easy to clean, improving the touch of the screen, protecting the screen and extending the service life of the screen can be achieved.

[0036] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the light-emitting layer includes a plurality of light-emitting units, and the plurality of light-emitting units are designed in series.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present application, the light-emitting unit in the light-emitting layer can adopt the traditional single device (i.e., single device) technology, or can adopt the series light-emitting unit design (such as Tandem device technology). Tandem device technology is to connect multiple device units with similar functions (such as RGB light-emitting units) in series to form a multi-layer stacked structure. Such a design can improve the overall performance of the OLED device by superimposing multiple light-emitting layers, thereby improving brightness, extending service life, or reducing power consumption.

[0038] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the anti-glare structure layer includes an anti-glare substrate and an anti-glare structure, and the anti-glare substrate is located between the second light-transmitting layer and the anti-glare structure.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, the anti-glare structure layer changes the physical properties of the screen surface to make it have a certain diffuse reflection effect, thereby dispersing the reflected light and reducing the glare effect caused by direct light. In this way, even in a strong light environment, users can reduce the visual interference caused by screen reflection and improve visibility.

[0040] In some possible cases, an anti-glare structure can be formed on the anti-glare substrate. The anti-glare structure has a tiny concave-convex texture, so that it has a certain diffuse reflection effect and can reduce the glare effect caused by direct light.

[0041] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the surface of the anti-glare structure layer has undulations, the roughness of the anti-glare structure layer is in the range of 100nm-350nm, and the thickness of the anti-glare structure layer is in the range of 5μm-5000μm.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present application, the anti-glare structure layer may be formed by forming an uneven surface on the surface of the smooth glass by, for example, chemical etching, so that it has a certain diffuse reflection effect and can reduce the glare effect caused by direct light.

[0043] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the transmittance of the anti-glare structure layer is greater than or equal to 85%, and the average transmission haze of the anti-glare structure layer ranges from 5% to 35%. It should be understood that the average transmission haze can be understood as the average value of the transmission haze.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present application, by limiting the average transmission haze and transmittance of the anti-glare structure layer, excessive scattering will not occur when light passes through the anti-glare structure layer, thereby avoiding affecting the image clarity.

[0045] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the surface of the anti-glare structure layer is flat, and the anti-glare structure layer contains doped particles, the average particle size of the doped particles inside the anti-glare structure layer is in the range of 200nm-2000nm, and the thickness of the anti-glare structure layer is in the range of 1000nm-5000nm.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present application, the anti-glare structure layer may have a flat or substantially flat surface, but may have a structure doped with particles inside. The particles doped inside the anti-glare structure layer may be metals or metal oxides, or may be organic polymers. In this case, the anti-glare structure layer may also reduce the glare effect caused by direct light, and even in a strong light environment, the user may reduce the visual interference caused by screen reflection and improve visibility.

[0047] In a second aspect, an electronic device is provided, which includes the display module as described in the first aspect and any implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0048] It should be understood that when an electronic device adopts the display module as described in the first aspect, it can achieve a low flash point while achieving a higher image clarity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of two anti-glare cover plates shown in this application.

[0050] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0051] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0052] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the scattered light type of the pixel expansion layer provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0055] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0056] Figure 8 It is a calculation reference diagram of the anti-glare capability indicator BRDF provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0057] Fig. 9 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0058] Fig.10 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] Fig.12 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The technical solution in this application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0062] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" can sensibly or implicitly include one or more features. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, "multiple" refers to two or more than two, and "at least one" and "one or more" refer to one, two or more. The singular expressions "one", "a kind", "said", "above", "the" and "this" are intended to also include expressions such as "one or more", unless there is a clear indication to the contrary in the context. The size of the sequence number of each process below does not mean the order of execution, and the order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application. For example, in the embodiments of the present application, the words "110", "120", "130" and the like are only marks made for the convenience of description, and do not limit the order of execution steps.

[0063] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" etc. described in this specification mean that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, the phrases "in one embodiment", "in some embodiments", "in some other embodiments", "in some other embodiments", etc. that appear at different places in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments", unless otherwise specifically emphasized in other ways. The terms "including", "comprising", "having" and their variations all mean "including but not limited to", unless otherwise specifically emphasized in other ways.

[0064] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. are defined relative to the directions or positions of the components schematically placed in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts. They are used for relative description and clarification, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific direction, or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. They may change accordingly according to the changes in the directions of the components placed in the drawings, and therefore cannot be understood as limitations on the present application.

[0065] It should be noted that the distance between the first surface and the second surface in the embodiment of the present application can be understood as the vertical distance between the horizontal plane where the first surface is located and the horizontal plane where the second surface is located, and the vertical here is equivalent to the thickness direction of the laminate. If the first plane and / or the second plane are not flat surfaces, the distance between the two can be understood as the vertical distance between the highest point of the first plane and the highest point of the second plane, or can also be understood as the vertical distance between the lowest point of the first plane and the lowest point of the second plane, or can also be understood as the vertical distance between the center point of the first plane (i.e., the midpoint between the highest point and the lowest point) and the center point of the second plane (i.e., the midpoint between the highest point and the lowest point).

[0066] As the most important terminal human-computer interaction hardware, the screen plays an irreplaceable role in daily communication and office scenes. As a display device, the most important function of the screen is to effectively display information. With this as the center, a series of technical development directions have been expanded. For example, on mobile phones, higher resolution, richer color display capabilities and lower power consumption have become the mainstream screen technology pursuit. Not only that, in addition to the quality of the screen itself, different terminal device design strategies have also emerged for application scenarios. For example, when focusing on the function of privacy protection, a screen with an anti-peeping effect can be obtained by adding a film layer on the screen that can change the light transmittance with the viewing angle. Nowadays, in the increasing number of display usage scenarios, consumers have begun to pay attention to the impact of the display on visual health. Reducing the visual fatigue caused by the naked eye when watching the screen has become one of the mainstream design directions of advanced displays. This includes a series of display device designs such as low blue light, no flicker, low reflection, and anti-glare, focusing on the core design thinking of users using display devices in a healthy way. Anti-glare technology focuses on reducing or eliminating the glare effect caused by the screen reflecting ambient light through the mirror. For point light sources in daily life (such as lamplight and sunlight), the extremely high brightness of the light source is not suitable for direct or indirect viewing by the human eye (such as through mirror reflection). On the other hand, anti-glare technology also directly affects the performance of the screen image (such as the clarity of the text on the screen when the display is lit), which requires the development of anti-glare technology to take into account the management of reflected ambient light and the management of pixel light. According to technical requirements, the line of achieving anti-glare includes the management of screen light and the management of ambient light after screen reflection.

[0067] At present, an anti-glare cover is usually used on the screen to reduce the glare effect produced by the screen. Figure 1 As shown, the anti-glare cover plate can be divided into a glass anti-glare cover plate 10 and a composite material anti-glare cover plate 20. In some examples, such as Figure 1As shown in (a) of FIG. 1 , the glass anti-glare cover plate 10 is based on the smooth glass 11, and a microstructure morphology (i.e., anti-glare structure 12) is obtained on the surface of the smooth glass 11 by, for example, chemical etching. The anti-glare structure 12 usually appears in an irregular arrangement, so that the light incident on the surface of the glass anti-glare cover plate 10 is scattered. In other words, the incident light will be scattered to varying degrees when it is incident on the anti-glare structure 12 of the glass anti-glare cover plate 10, and the outgoing light can be emitted from different angles. In other examples, such as Figure 1 As shown in (b), the composite anti-glare cover plate 20 is based on thermoplastic material, and two different materials are combined by hot pressing, and an anti-glare structure is made on one side. For example, the composite anti-glare cover plate 20 may include an anti-glare substrate 21 and an anti-glare structure 22, wherein the anti-glare substrate 21 may be made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and the anti-glare structure 22 may be made of polycarbonate (PC). Exemplarily, PC can be hot pressed onto PMMA by nano-imprinting. In this way, the anti-glare structure 22 formed on the surface of the composite anti-glare cover plate 20 can cause diffuse reflection of the incident light. In other words, the incident light will be scattered to varying degrees when it is incident on the anti-glare structure 22 of the composite anti-glare cover plate 20, and the outgoing light can be emitted from different angles.

[0068] It should be understood that the main function of the anti-glare cover is to achieve diffuse reflection through the surface microstructure scattering principle. However, this structure (i.e., the anti-glare structure) will also scatter the light emitted by the display panel (or the light-emitting layer). This causes uneven light crosstalk between different sub-pixels, resulting in visual flash point problems.

[0069] The light (including red, green and blue light) emitted by the display panel (or light-emitting layer) will cause light scattering when passing through the uneven microstructure of the anti-glare cover plate. The anti-glare structure on the surface of the anti-glare cover plate will cause irregular scattering of pixel light, which will cause the red, green and blue light to crosstalk with each other. This type of scattering phenomenon will eventually lead to visible light and dark granular visual perception in the display image, which is visually manifested as flickering patterns (i.e. flash points) that change with the viewing angle. The flash point problem is particularly obvious on organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. The reason for this is that OLED display technology has a lower pixel opening rate than traditional liquid crystal display (LCD) technology, resulting in more serious flash point problems when OLED display screens are equipped with anti-glare solutions using random surface structures.

[0070] If you want to solve the flash point problem, you usually control the haze parameter in the anti-glare structure of the anti-glare cover during the production process (haze describes one of the physical properties of the outgoing light after the light passes through the medium and is scattered. It is defined as the percentage of the transmitted light intensity that deviates from the incident light by more than 2.5° to the total transmitted light intensity. The greater the haze, the lower the transparency / imaging degree). This allows the light emitted from the display panel (or light-emitting layer) to have a uniform light mixing effect to a certain extent. However, this method will seriously reduce the clarity of the displayed image, so the solution of a single anti-glare cover cannot take into account both low flash point and high clarity at the same time.

[0071] To solve the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a display module and an electronic device that can achieve a low flash point while achieving high image clarity.

[0072] The following will be combined Figures 2 to 10 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display module provided in an embodiment of the present application is described in detail.

[0073] It should be noted that the display module provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to electronic devices, wherein the display module can be, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an LED, etc., and the electronic device can include, for example, a mobile phone, a monitor, a large-screen TV, a flat-panel device, etc. with a display screen. The electronic device can have a high resolution, such as a mainstream 2K, 4K, 8K display. The pixel density (pixels per inch, PPI) of the electronic device can be low PPI (<200) or high PPI (≥200, ≥250, ≥300, ≥350, ≥400, ≥450, and ≥500).

[0074] like Figure 2As shown, the display module 100 may include a light-emitting layer 110, an encapsulation layer 120, a first light-transmitting layer 130, a pixel expansion layer 140, a second light-transmitting layer 150 and an anti-glare structure layer 160, wherein the light-emitting layer 110, the encapsulation layer 120, the first light-transmitting layer 130, the pixel expansion layer 140, the second light-transmitting layer 150 and the anti-glare structure layer 160 are stacked in a light-emitting direction. Specifically, the light-emitting layer 110 may be arranged at the bottom layer, the encapsulation layer 120 may be arranged above the light-emitting layer 110, the first light-transmitting layer 130 may be arranged on a side of the encapsulation layer 120 away from the light-emitting layer 110, the pixel expansion layer 140 may be arranged on a side of the first light-transmitting layer 130 away from the encapsulation layer 120, the second light-transmitting layer 150 may be arranged on a side of the pixel expansion layer 140 away from the first light-transmitting layer 130, and the anti-glare structure layer 160 may be arranged at the top layer, that is, the anti-glare structure layer 160 may be arranged on a side of the second light-transmitting layer 150 away from the pixel expansion layer 140. The light emitted by the light emitting layer 110 can pass through the encapsulation layer 120 , the first light-transmitting layer 130 , the pixel expansion layer 140 , the second light-transmitting layer 150 and the anti-glare structure layer 160 , and finally be observed by human eyes.

[0075] Exemplarily, the pixel expansion layer 140 has an internal refractive index variation, and the pixel expansion layer 140 may be formed of at least two materials with different refractive indices. For example, the pixel expansion layer 140 includes a first material and a second material, the first material has a first refractive index, the second material has a second refractive index, and the difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is a first refractive index difference. For example, the first refractive index may be the maximum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140, the second refractive index may be the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140, and the first refractive index difference may be the refractive index difference between the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140. Exemplarily, the value range of the first refractive index difference may be 0.005-0.4.

[0076] It should be understood that the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light emitting layer 110 is a first distance, and the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference is in the range of 15 μm-200 μm.

[0077] It should be understood that in the present application, the flash point can be lowered by adding a pixel expansion layer 140, and by limiting the range of the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference, the light after passing through the pixel expansion layer 140 has an equivalent pixel amplification effect that meets the minimum requirement for achieving a low display flash point without excessively sacrificing image display clarity, thereby achieving a high image clarity while achieving a low flash point.

[0078] The light-emitting layer 110 is mainly used to emit light, for example, red, green and blue light. The light-emitting layer 110 may include a stacked substrate, a driving circuit (such as a thin film transistor driving circuit), an anode layer, a light-emitting unit and a cathode layer. Among them, the light-emitting unit may include a plurality of pixel light-emitting units arranged in an array, each pixel light-emitting unit includes at least three sub-pixel light-emitting units (such as RGB light-emitting units), and each sub-pixel light-emitting unit may display light of one color. For example, each pixel light-emitting unit may include three sub-pixel light-emitting units, namely a red sub-pixel light-emitting unit (i.e., a red light-emitting layer) that can display (emit) red light, a green sub-pixel light-emitting unit (i.e., a green light-emitting layer) that can display green light, and a blue sub-pixel light-emitting unit (i.e., a blue light-emitting layer) that can display blue light. The specific structure of the light-emitting layer 110 can refer to the structure of existing LCDs, OLEDs and LEDs, and will not be elaborated on in detail here.

[0079] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the light-emitting unit in the light-emitting layer 110 can adopt traditional single device (ie, single device) technology, or can adopt a series light-emitting unit design (such as Tandem device technology) to increase the light-emitting intensity, which is not limited in the present application.

[0080] It should be understood that Tandem device technology generally refers to a structural design method used in the field of electronic devices (such as OLED), that is, multiple device units with similar functions (such as RGB light-emitting units) are connected in series to form a multi-layer stacked structure. Such a design can improve the overall performance of OLED devices by stacking multiple light-emitting layers, thereby increasing brightness, extending service life or reducing power consumption. The specific description of Tandem device technology can refer to the prior art, and this application will not be elaborated in detail here.

[0081] The encapsulation layer 120 may be a thin film encapsulation (TFE) layer or a traditional glass encapsulation layer, and the encapsulation layer 120 may mainly protect the light-emitting layer 110. The encapsulation layer 120 may be made of glass, for example, the encapsulation layer in a flat display screen may be made of glass, and the encapsulation layer 120 may also be made of organic polymer materials (such as transparent polyimide (CPI) film, high temperature resistant polyester (PET) film, triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, etc.), for example, the encapsulation layer in a folding screen or an ultra-thin display screen may be made of organic polymer materials.

[0082] The first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 are respectively arranged on both sides of the pixel expansion layer 140, and the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 are film layers with an average transmission haze of less than or equal to 5%. It should be understood that the average transmission haze can be understood as the average value of the transmission haze. Transmission haze refers to the degree of scattering that occurs when light passes through an object. When light passes through a material, it interacts with the tiny inhomogeneities inside the material, causing the light to scatter. The higher the transmission haze, the stronger the material's ability to scatter light, and the blurrier the transmitted light. On the contrary, the lower the transmission haze, the weaker the material's ability to scatter light, and the clearer the transmitted light.

[0083] By limiting the average transmission haze of the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 , excessive scattering will not occur when light passes through the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 , thereby avoiding affecting the image clarity.

[0084] It should be understood that the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. For example, the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 may be an adhesive layer for bonding the upper and lower layers; for another example, the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 may include a polarizer for filtering the polarization state of light; for another example, the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 may be other optical film layers that do not have a strong scattering effect (the average transmission haze of the optical film layer is ≤5%).

[0085] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, if a polarizer (POL) structure is adopted, the first light-transmitting layer 130 may include an adhesive layer 131, a polarizer 132 and an adhesive layer 133; the polarizer 132 may be used to filter the polarization state of light; the adhesive layer 131 is located between the encapsulation layer 120 and the polarizer 132, and is used to bond the encapsulation layer 120 and the polarizer 132; the adhesive layer 133 is located between the polarizer 132 and the pixel expansion layer 140, and is used to bond the polarizer 132 and the pixel expansion layer 140. The polarizer 132 may be a linear polarizer or a circular polarizer, which is not limited in the present application.

[0086] It should be understood that in some possible cases, when the first refractive index difference of the pixel expansion layer 140 is small, in order to achieve a low flash point and a high image clarity, it is necessary to limit the range of the product of the first refractive index difference and the first distance to a preset range, and it is necessary to increase the first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 110, that is, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the encapsulation layer 120 and the first light-transmitting layer 130, so a multi-layer structure can be set in the first light-transmitting layer 130 to increase the first distance. In this case, a polarizer or a multi-layer adhesive layer or other light-transmitting structure can be set in the first light-transmitting layer 130 to meet the requirements of the first distance.

[0087] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, if the POL architecture is adopted, the second light-transmitting layer 150 may include an adhesive layer 151, a polarizer 152 and an adhesive layer 153; the polarizer 152 may be used to filter the polarization state of light; the adhesive layer 151 is located between the pixel expansion layer 140 and the polarizer 152, and is used to bond the pixel expansion layer 140 and the polarizer 152; the adhesive layer 153 is located between the polarizer 152 and the anti-glare structure layer 160, and is used to bond the polarizer 152 and the anti-glare structure layer 160. The polarizer 152 may be a linear polarizer or a circular polarizer, which is not limited in the present application.

[0088] It should be understood that in some possible cases, the internal structure of the pixel expansion layer 140 is, for example, a grating structure. In this case, the polarizer is arranged in the second light-transmitting layer 150, that is, the polarizer is arranged above the pixel expansion layer 140, which can reduce the grating diffraction patterns caused by the pixel expansion layer 140.

[0089] Exemplarily, the adhesive layer 131 , the adhesive layer 133 , the adhesive layer 151 , and the adhesive layer 153 may all be made of optically clear adhesive (OCA).

[0090] In some embodiments, under the POL architecture, the display module 100 may further include a touch circuit layer (fingertouch sensing layer), and the touch circuit layer is located between the encapsulation layer 120 and the first light-transmitting layer 130. It should be understood that the touch circuit layer is integrated into the display panel through precise circuit design and signal processing technology, and can realize the direct interaction function of the user interface.

[0091] The POL architecture of the display module will be combined with the following Fig.11 Provide detailed explanation.

[0092] In some embodiments, the display module 100 can adopt a color filter on encapsulation (COE) architecture. The COE architecture replaces the traditional polarizer architecture with a color filter (CF) architecture, which can improve the light output efficiency and display color gamut of the display module, and achieve low power consumption and thinness.

[0093] For example, Figure 5 As shown, if the COE architecture is adopted, the display module 100 may further include a filter film 200, which may be disposed between the encapsulation layer 120 and the first light-transmitting layer 130. It should be understood that the filter film 200 may be referred to as a filter, a color filter, or the like.

[0094] As mentioned above, each pixel is usually composed of three sub-pixels of red, green, and blue (RGB), so there should be a layer of filter film of the corresponding color on each sub-pixel. These filter films allow light of a specific color to pass through, while blocking light of other colors, thereby forming rich colors when combined. That is, the filter film 200 can be divided into a red filter, a green filter, and a blue filter. The red filter corresponds to the red light-emitting unit, the green filter corresponds to the green light-emitting unit, and the blue filter corresponds to the blue light-emitting unit, thereby allowing light of a specific color to pass through, which helps to enhance the contrast and color saturation of the displayed image, making the displayed colors more vivid and realistic.

[0095] It should be noted that in the COE architecture, the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 can be adhesive layers for bonding the upper and lower layers. That is, the first light-transmitting layer 130 is located between the pixel expansion layer 140 and the encapsulation layer 120, and is used to bond the pixel expansion layer 140 and the encapsulation layer 120; the second light-transmitting layer 150 is located between the pixel expansion layer 140 and the anti-glare structure layer 160, and is used to bond the pixel expansion layer 140 and the anti-glare structure layer 160.

[0096] Exemplarily, the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 may also adopt other light-transmitting structural layers with a certain bonding effect, which is not limited in the present application.

[0097] In some examples, in the COE architecture, the display module 100 also includes a cover plate and a third light-transmitting layer. The third light-transmitting layer is located between the cover plate and the filter membrane and can be used to bond the cover plate and the filter membrane 200 . The cover plate is located between the third light-transmitting layer and the first light-transmitting layer 130 .

[0098] In some examples, in the COE architecture, the display module 100 may further include a touch circuit layer, and the touch circuit layer is located between the packaging layer 120 and the filter film 200 .

[0099] For example, in the COE architecture, the first light-transmitting layer 130 , the second light-transmitting layer 150 , and the third light-transmitting layer may all be made of optically clear adhesive (OCA).

[0100] The COE architecture of the display module will be combined with the following Fig.12 Provide detailed explanation.

[0101] The pixel expansion layer 140 is located between the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150, and can mainly play a role in reducing the flash point, that is, by setting an optical film with a pixel expansion effect, the light emitted by the light-emitting layer is first uniformly mixed by the film before entering the anti-glare structure, thereby reducing the light crosstalk (flash point) problem caused by the anti-glare structure. Specifically, the pixel expansion layer 140 mainly achieves uniform scattering of the incident light through some scattering structures, and achieves the effect of pixel imaging magnification by optical means, so that the space occupancy of the red, green and blue sub-pixels is large, and the pixel interval is small, thereby increasing the pixel aperture ratio, thereby reducing the display flash point problem caused by the optical scattering of the irregular microstructure of the anti-glare structure layer 160.

[0102] It should be understood that the pixel expansion layer 140 can be a pixel expansion film with a certain internal refractive index difference. This refractive index difference will cause the light to encounter different materials' refractive indexes when passing through the inside of the film, causing the propagation direction of the light to change. Different interface shape structures will lead to different direction changes, thereby generating a scattering phenomenon corresponding to the structure. The optical scattering effect is achieved through this internal refractive index difference, thereby achieving pixel amplification in imaging.

[0103] Figure 6 Three different types of scattered light patterns of pixel expansion layers are shown. Figure 6 As shown, the pixel expansion layer 140 may be formed of at least two materials with different refractive indices (such as a first material and a second material), and the formed pixel expansion layer may be a doped particle type pixel expansion layer (such as Figure 6 ), or a pixel expansion layer of closely arranged optical fibers (such as Figure 6 (b) in FIG. 1 ), it is also possible to expand the pixel layer of the loosely arranged raster type (such as Figure 6 ).

[0104] In some examples, such as Figure 6 As shown in (a) of FIG. 1 , the pixel expansion layer 140 may be a doped particle type pixel expansion layer, that is, the pixel expansion layer 140 may be formed by mixing scattering particles in a film substrate. The refractive index of the film substrate (i.e., the first material) is n2, and the refractive index of the mixed scattering particles (i.e., the second material) is n1.

[0105] In some examples, such as Figure 6 As shown in (b), the pixel expansion layer 140 can be a pixel expansion layer of a closely arranged optical fiber type, that is, the pixel expansion layer 140 can be formed by adding closely arranged optical fibers to a film substrate. The refractive index of the film substrate (i.e., the first material) is n2, and the refractive index of the closely arranged optical fibers (i.e., the second material) is n1.

[0106] In some examples, such as Figure 6 As shown in (c), the pixel expansion layer 140 can be a loosely arranged grating type pixel expansion layer, that is, the pixel expansion layer 140 can be formed by adding loosely arranged gratings to a film substrate. The refractive index of the film substrate (i.e., the first material) is n2, and the refractive index of the loosely arranged gratings (i.e., the second material) is n1.

[0107] The pixel expansion layer 140 has an internal refractive index variation, and the pixel expansion layer 140 may be formed of at least two materials with different refractive indices. For example, the pixel expansion layer 140 includes a first material and a second material, the first material has a first refractive index, the second material has a second refractive index, and the difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is a first refractive index difference. For example, the first refractive index may be the maximum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140, the second refractive index may be the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140, and the first refractive index difference may be the refractive index difference between the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140. Exemplarily, the value range of the first refractive index difference may be 0.005-0.4.

[0108] Exemplarily, the first refractive index difference can be expressed as Δn, Δn=|n1-n2|, where 0.005≤Δn≤0.4, n1 can be the maximum refractive index or the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140, n2 can be the minimum refractive index or the maximum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140, and Δn is the difference between the maximum refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the pixel expansion layer 140.

[0109] It should be understood that the pixel expansion layer 140 is generally formed by setting two or more types of materials (different materials have different refractive indices) inside the film, namely, the substrate (film) and the scattering material (such as particles, gratings, etc.), to form a film with an internal refractive index difference. The pixel expansion layer 140 can be implemented, for example, in the following ways:

[0110] In one implementation, materials (usually polymer materials, in liquid form) that originally have different refractive indices can be mixed together (usually one has a high refractive index and the other has a low refractive index), and a uniform mixed layer with a certain thickness can be formed on a substrate by coating or other methods. The substrate can be a plastic film such as polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) or triacetyl cellulose (TAC), or a harder substrate such as glass or ultra-thin glass (UTG). Through ultraviolet (UV) exposure or thermal curing, the high-refractive material will self-polymerize and solidify to form a certain three-dimensional structural pattern; the pattern can be periodic or non-periodic; the microstructures in the pattern can be continuous or discontinuous, regular or irregular, and there is no limitation on this. The remaining low-refractive material can be cured by further processing. At this point, a cured high-refractive material with a specific pattern is obtained, and an optical film (i.e., pixel expansion layer 140) is wrapped by the surrounding low-refractive material. Such films can have different optical effects depending on differences in refractive index, structural pattern, and overall thickness.

[0111] In another implementation, this type of optical film with internal refractive index difference (i.e., pixel expansion layer 140) can be obtained by embossing. First, an embossing mold is made, and the surface of the mold has a certain pattern (such as a periodic or non-periodic structure); after a material with a certain refractive index is coated on the substrate, the structural morphology is transferred to the material by mold embossing, and then the material is cured by a curing process (UV irradiation or thermal curing) to maintain the pattern; finally, after the material is peeled off the template, another refractive index material (such as a low-refractive or high-refractive photoresist) is coated on the pattern surface to fill the gaps formed by the patterning, and finally, the following can be obtained. Figure 6 The raster type pixel expansion layer shown in (c) .

[0112] It should be understood that the present application can also obtain the pixel expansion layer 140 with internal refractive index difference through other processing methods. The above implementation method is only an exemplary description and should not limit the processing method of the pixel expansion layer 140 of the present application.

[0113] It should be noted that no matter which method is used to implement the pixel enlargement film, its essence is to scatter the incident light. In terms of display effect, the optical effect of the pixel enlargement film is equivalent to a magnifying glass, and too large or too small amplification effect will lead to poor display effect. For example: if the pixel enlargement film is too far away from the light-emitting area, the amplification effect is better at this time. This type of optical effect can reduce the flash point problem caused by the anti-glare structure layer 160. However, excessive scattering (magnification effect) will cause the display image to be unclear. On the other hand, if the distance between the pixel enlargement film and the light-emitting area is too close, the pixel amplification effect will not be very good, and the corresponding flash point problem cannot be well solved, even if the picture clarity is high at this time.

[0114] If the pixel expansion layer 140 is too far away from the light-emitting layer 110, the equivalent pixel magnification effect it brings will make the pixel imaging too large. Although it can bring a lower flash point, it will seriously affect the picture clarity. Correspondingly, if it is too close, the pixel magnification effect will not be achieved. Although the clarity can be guaranteed, the low flash point effect cannot be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to specify its specific optimal placement position according to the optical effect of the pixel expansion layer 140 (mainly manifested as the internal refractive index difference Δn) and the distance from the pixel expansion layer 140 to the surface of the light-emitting layer 110, so as to achieve the most optimized stacking architecture design. At the same time, the optimized design can also make corresponding changes according to the effect of the anti-glare structure layer 160, so as to realize the design of a high-definition low-flash point anti-glare display system. In order to obtain the best display effect, it is required that there is a specific optical distance (OD) between the light-emitting layer 110 and the pixel expansion layer 140, so that the optimal screen clarity and the flash point suppression effect can be obtained under such a design.

[0115] That is to say, by controlling the distance between the pixel expansion layer 140 and the encapsulation layer 120, the equivalent pixel magnification effect of the light after passing through the pixel expansion layer 140 meets the minimum requirement for achieving a low display flash point, thereby not excessively sacrificing display clarity, so that the display module 100 has an optimized flash point and clarity effect.

[0116] The first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light emitting layer 110 is d, that is, along the thickness direction of the display module 100, there is a first distance d between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light emitting layer 110. It should be understood that the product of the first distance d and the first refractive index difference Δn is within a preset range.

[0117] It should be understood that the light-emitting layer 110 may include a stacked substrate, a driving circuit (such as a thin film transistor driving circuit), an anode layer, a light-emitting unit, and a cathode layer. If the uppermost layer of the light-emitting layer 110 is a cathode layer, the first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 110 can be considered as: the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the cathode layer of the light-emitting layer 110. If the uppermost layer of the light-emitting layer 110 is other structural layers, the first distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 110 can be considered as: the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the other structural layers of the light-emitting layer 110.

[0118] Exemplarily, the product of the first distance d and the first refractive index difference Δn satisfies the following relationship: Δn*d=15μm-200μm. It should be understood that the first distance d is the sum of the thicknesses of the encapsulation layer 120 and the first light-transmitting layer 130. The thickness of the encapsulation layer 120 is generally fixed, so the first distance can be increased or decreased by adjusting the thickness of the first light-transmitting layer 130. In other words, when the first distance d needs to be increased, the thickness of the first light-transmitting layer 130 can be increased, and when the first distance d needs to be reduced, the thickness of the first light-transmitting layer 130 can be reduced.

[0119] Exemplarily, the overall thickness of the pixel expansion layer 140 may be between 20 μm and 400 μm. It should be understood that the pixel expansion layer 140 has the effect of enlarging pixels, the circumscribed circle of the enlarged pixel has an area A1, the original pixel has an area A0, and A1 and A0 satisfy the following relationship: 1.3*A0≤A1≤3*A0. The pixel here refers to a single pixel, and the pixel enlargement effect can be identified by microscopic photography.

[0120] The anti-glare structure layer 160 is located on the second light-transmitting layer 150 to improve the visual experience and reduce external light interference.

[0121] As mentioned above Figure 1 As described in the specification, the anti-glare (AG) structural layer 160 is achieved by changing the physical properties of the screen surface to give it a certain diffuse reflection effect, thereby dispersing the reflected light and reducing the glare effect caused by direct light. For example, tiny concave and convex textures are processed on the screen surface. These microscopic structures can scatter the incident light in all directions instead of concentrated reflection. In this way, even in a strong light environment, users can reduce the visual interference caused by screen reflection and improve visibility. It should be understood that the surface treatment of the AG structural layer 160 can usually be roughened on the glass or plastic surface by processes such as chemical etching or sandblasting.

[0122] In some examples, the anti-glare structure layer 160 may have an uneven surface. The surface roughness Ra of the anti-glare structure layer 160 ranges from 100 nm to 350 nm, and the overall thickness of the anti-glare structure layer 160 ranges from 5 μm to 5000 μm.

[0123] For example, the anti-glare structure layer 160 may be a structure with an uneven surface formed on the surface of the smooth glass by chemical etching or the like. Figure 1 (a) in .

[0124] For example, Figure 7 As shown, the anti-glare structure layer 160 may include an anti-glare substrate 161 and an anti-glare structure 162. For example, the anti-glare substrate 161 may be made of PMMA, and the anti-glare structure 162 may be made of PC. The PC may be hot pressed onto the PMMA by nano-imprinting. In this way, the anti-glare structure 162 formed on the surface of the anti-glare structure layer 160 may cause diffuse reflection of the incident light. Figure 1 (b) in .

[0125] In other examples, the anti-glare structure layer 160 may have a flat or substantially flat surface, but may have a structure with doped particles inside. The doped particles inside the anti-glare structure layer 160 may be metals or metal oxides, such as Ti, Zr, Si, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, etc.; or may be organic polymers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), PMMA, PC. Exemplarily, the average particle size of the doped particles inside the anti-glare structure layer 160 ranges from 200nm to 2000nm, and the overall thickness of the anti-glare structure layer 160 ranges from 1000nm to 5000nm.

[0126] For example, the transmittance of the anti-glare structure layer 160 may be greater than or equal to 85%. In one example, the transmittance of the anti-glare structure layer 160 may be greater than or equal to 90%. In another example, the transmittance of the anti-glare structure layer 160 may be greater than or equal to 95%. The transmittance here may be: in a single-layer anti-glare structure, the light source is incident from the air, passes through the anti-glare structure layer 160, and is emitted to the air. The light transmittance is measured.

[0127] For example, the average transmission haze of the anti-glare structure layer 160 may be in the range of 5%-35%. It should be understood that the average transmission haze may be understood as the average value of the transmission haze. By limiting the transmittance and the average transmission haze of the anti-glare structure layer 160, the light will not be scattered excessively when passing through the anti-glare structure layer 160, thereby avoiding affecting the image clarity.

[0128] It should be noted that the anti-glare ability index of the anti-glare structural layer 160 can be a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), or it can be called an anti-glare BRDF amount or an anti-glare BRDF value. BRDF describes the energy distribution of the reflected light in different directions within the reflection range (hemisphere) when the collimated incident light enters the plane at a certain angle (such as an incident angle of 0°, i.e. vertical incidence). BRDF is one of the physical quantities that describes the intensity distribution of the reflected light after the light is scattered by the surface of an object. It can be used to describe the anti-glare degree of the surface of the anti-glare structural layer 160. Its unit is 1 / solid angle (i.e. sr -1 ). The anti-glare BRDF value refers to the attenuation of the value at an angle of 1° compared to 0° (normal viewing angle). For example, BRDF (0°) = X, BRDF (1°) = Y, and anti-glare BRDF value = (XY) / X.

[0129] For example, Figure 8 As shown, the calculation formula of the anti-glare BRDF value can be as follows:

[0130]

[0131] Among them, BRDF θL (1°) represents the BRDF value when the angle between the normal direction and the positive direction of the x-axis (i.e., the x-direction) is 1°; BRDF θR (1°) represents the BRDF value when the angle between the normal direction and the negative direction of the x-axis (i.e., the x′ direction) is 1°; (1°) represents the BRDF value when the angle between the normal direction and the positive direction of the y-axis (i.e., the y direction) is 1°; (1°) represents the BRDF value when the angle between the normal direction and the negative direction of the y-axis (i.e., the y′ direction) is 1°; BRDF (0°) represents the BRDF value in the normal direction.

[0132] It should be understood that the rougher the surface of the anti-glare structure layer 160 is, the smaller the anti-glare BRDF value is; and the smoother the surface of the anti-glare structure layer 160 is, the larger the anti-glare BRDF value is.

[0133] Exemplarily, in the present application, the anti-glare BRDF value of the anti-glare structural layer 160 may be less than or equal to 10%. In one example, the anti-glare BRDF value of the anti-glare structural layer 160 may be less than or equal to 7%. In another example, the anti-glare BRDF value of the anti-glare structural layer 160 may be less than or equal to 5%.

[0134] In some embodiments, Fig. 9As shown, the display module 100 may further include an anti-reflection structure layer 170, which may be disposed above the anti-glare structure layer 160, that is, the anti-reflection structure layer 170 is located on the side of the anti-glare structure layer 160 away from the light-emitting layer 110. The total thickness of the anti-reflection structure layer 170 is less than 2 μm.

[0135] It should be understood that the main purpose of the anti-reflection (AR) structural layer 170 is to reduce the reflectivity of the screen surface so that when external light hits the screen, it can penetrate the screen more or be scattered, rather than being directly reflected back to the viewer's eyes. This can reduce the mirror reflection effect caused by ambient light, making the screen content more clearly visible under various lighting conditions. The AR structural layer 170 is usually achieved by coating one or more layers of transparent films on the screen surface. The thickness of these films is accurately calculated, and the principle of optical interference can be used to make the reflected light waves cancel each other out.

[0136] Exemplarily, the anti-reflection structure layer 170 may be a planar coating of a multi-layer inorganic material, or may be a single-layer structure with a sub-wavelength (wavelength less than 450 nm) structural size, which is not limited in the present application.

[0137] In some embodiments, Fig.10 As shown, the display module 100 may further include an oleophobic coating 180, which may be disposed above the anti-reflection structure layer 170, that is, the oleophobic coating 180 may be disposed on the side of the anti-reflection structure layer 170 away from the light-emitting layer 110. Alternatively, when the anti-reflection structure layer 170 is not disposed, the oleophobic coating 180 may be disposed above the anti-glare structure layer 160, that is, the oleophobic coating 180 may be disposed on the side of the anti-glare structure layer 160 away from the light-emitting layer 110.

[0138] It should be understood that the oleophobic coating (or fingerprint-resistant coating) in the display is a composite material layer specially designed for the screen surface. The main functions of the oleophobic coating 180 are as follows:

[0139] ① Anti-fouling and easy to clean: The oleophobic coating 180 has the characteristics of low surface energy, which means it can repel oil stains and other liquids, making it difficult for fingerprints, oil stains, sweat stains, etc. to adhere to the screen, thus keeping the screen clean. Even if the screen surface is stained with oil, it is easy to wipe it clean with a soft and clean cloth without using strong detergents.

[0140] ② Improved touch: The oleophobic coating 180 is usually very thin, but it can provide a smooth touch, making the fingers slide more smoothly on the screen, reducing friction and improving the touch operation experience.

[0141] ③ Protect the screen: Although the oleophobic coating 180 is mainly for liquids and grease, it can also prevent dust particles from adhering to a certain extent and reduce physical wear on the screen. However, it should be noted that this coating itself is relatively fragile, and long-term use or improper cleaning (such as wiping with sharp objects) may cause the coating to wear or fall off.

[0142] ④ Extend service life: By reducing the accumulation of stains during daily use, the oleophobic coating 180 helps extend the visual clarity and overall aesthetics of the display, and delays the screen aging process caused by frequent cleaning.

[0143] It should be noted that although the oleophobic coating 180 brings many benefits to the display, it is not permanently effective. With the increase of time and frequency of use, the effect of the coating will gradually weaken, and regular maintenance or replacement of the screen protector is required to maintain it in optimal condition.

[0144] The following combination Fig.11 and Fig.12 The cross-sectional structure of the display module in the POL architecture and the COE architecture of the embodiment of the present application is introduced in detail.

[0145] In some POL architectures, the display module 100 may include a light-emitting layer 110, an encapsulation layer 120, a touch circuit layer 190, a first light-transmitting layer 130, a pixel expansion layer 140, a second light-transmitting layer 150, an anti-glare structure layer 160, an anti-reflection structure layer 170 and an oleophobic coating 180 stacked along the light-emitting direction, wherein the first light-transmitting layer 130 may include an adhesive layer 131, a polarizer 132 and an adhesive layer 133 stacked along the light-emitting direction, and the second light-transmitting layer 150 may be an adhesive layer; or, the first light-transmitting layer 130 may be an adhesive layer, and the second light-transmitting layer 150 may include an adhesive layer 151, a polarizer 152 and an adhesive layer 153 stacked along the light-emitting direction.

[0146] For example, Fig.11 As shown, the display module 100 may include a light-emitting layer 110, an encapsulation layer 120, a touch circuit layer 190, an adhesive layer 131, a polarizer 132, an adhesive layer 133, a pixel expansion layer 140, a second light-transmitting layer 150, an anti-glare structure layer 160, an anti-reflection structure layer 170 and an oleophobic coating 180 stacked along the light-emitting direction. Among them, the light-emitting layer 110 may include a substrate, a driving circuit, an anode layer, a light-emitting unit and a cathode layer. In this case, the first distance d between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 110 can be considered as: the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the cathode layer of the light-emitting layer 110.

[0147] In some COE architectures, such as Fig.12As shown, the display module 100 may include a light-emitting layer 110, an encapsulation layer 120, a touch circuit layer 190, a filter film 200, a third light-transmitting layer 220, a cover plate 210, a first light-transmitting layer 130, a pixel expansion layer 140, a second light-transmitting layer 150, an anti-glare structure layer 160, an anti-reflection structure layer 170 and an oleophobic coating 180 stacked along the light-emitting direction, wherein the first light-transmitting layer 130 and the second light-transmitting layer 150 are both adhesive layers. Among them, the light-emitting layer 110 may include a substrate, a driving circuit, an anode layer, a light-emitting unit and a cathode layer. In this case, the first distance d between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 110 can be considered as: the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer 140 and the upper surface of the cathode layer of the light-emitting layer 110.

[0148] It should be understood that Fig.11 and Fig.12 For details not described in detail, please refer to the above Figures 2 to 10 The contents described in will not be repeated here.

[0149] In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device having a display module (or display screen), and the display module can adopt the above Figures 2 to 12 The display module 100.

[0150] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A display module, characterized in that: It comprises a light-emitting layer (110), an encapsulation layer (120), a first light-transmitting layer (130), a pixel expansion layer (140), a second light-transmitting layer (150) and an anti-glare structure layer (160) which are stacked along a light-emitting direction; The pixel expansion layer (140) comprises a first material and a second material, the first material has a first refractive index, the second material has a second refractive index, and the difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is a first refractive index difference; the distance between the lower surface of the pixel expansion layer (140) and the upper surface of the light emitting layer (110) is a first distance, and the product of the first distance and the first refractive index difference is in the range of 15 μm-200 μm.

2. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first refractive index difference ranges from 0.005 to 0.

4.

3. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pixel enlargement layer (140) is used to enlarge pixels, and the enlarged pixel area is between 1.3 times and 3 times the original pixel area.

4. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first light-transmitting layer (130) comprises a first adhesive layer (131), a first polarizer (132), and a second adhesive layer (133) which are stacked along the light-emitting direction; The first adhesive layer (131) is located between the encapsulation layer (120) and the first polarizer (132), and the second adhesive layer (133) is located between the first polarizer (132) and the pixel expansion layer (140).

5. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The second light-transmitting layer (150) comprises a third adhesive layer (151), a second polarizer (152) and a fourth adhesive layer (153) which are stacked along the light-emitting direction; The third adhesive layer (151) is located between the pixel expansion layer (140) and the second polarizer (152), and the fourth adhesive layer (153) is located between the second polarizer (152) and the anti-glare structure layer (160).

6. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The display module further comprises a filter membrane (200), wherein the filter membrane (200) is located between the encapsulation layer (120) and the first light-transmitting layer (130).

7. The display module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The display module further comprises a cover plate (210) and a third light-transmitting layer (220), wherein the third light-transmitting layer (220) is located between the cover plate (210) and the filter membrane (200); and the cover plate (210) is located between the third light-transmitting layer (220) and the first light-transmitting layer (130).

8. The display module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first light-transmitting layer (130) and the second light-transmitting layer (150) are both adhesive layers used to bond upper and lower layers.

9. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The light-emitting layer (110) comprises a plurality of light-emitting units, and the plurality of light-emitting units are designed in series.

10. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The anti-glare structure layer (160) comprises an anti-glare substrate (161) and an anti-glare structure (162), and the anti-glare substrate (161) is located between the second light-transmitting layer (150) and the anti-glare structure (162).

11. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The surface of the anti-glare structure layer (160) has undulations, and the roughness of the anti-glare structure layer (160) is in the range of 100 nm to 350 nm.

12. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The surface of the anti-glare structure layer (160) is flat, and particles are doped inside the anti-glare structure layer (160), and the average particle size of the doped particles inside the anti-glare structure layer (160) is in the range of 200nm-2000nm.

13. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The transmittance of the anti-glare structural layer (160) is greater than or equal to 85%, and the average transmission haze range of the anti-glare structural layer (160) is 5%-35%.

14. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The average transmission haze of the first light-transmitting layer (130) and / or the second light-transmitting layer (150) is less than or equal to 5%.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that: Comprising the display module as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.

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